reversing turbomachinery: a central enabling …...reversing turbomachinery: a central enabling...
TRANSCRIPT
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Reversing Turbomachinery:
A Central Enabling Technology of
Thermal Grid StorageR. B. Laughlin
TMCES, Pittsburgh, 3 Feb 20
R. B. Laughlin, “Pumped Thermal Grid Storage With Heat Exchange,” J. Renew. Sustain.
Energy 9, 044103 (2017).
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The Problem – Part I
Source: “BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018,” British Petroleum, June 2018.
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The Problem – Part II
Source: “Renewables Watch for Operating Day: Monday, 01 April, 2019,” California Independent System
Operator, 2019.
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The Problem – Part III
Sources: R. Fu et al., NREL/TP-6A20-7174, Nov. 18; S. Few et al., Energy Policy 114, 578 (2018); D.
Feldman et al., NREL/TP-6A20-66592, Aug. 16; T. Key et al., EPRI 1023144, Feb 13; T. Lüth et al., Energy
Proc. 155, 379 (2018); C. S. Turchi et al., NREL/TP-5506-22856, May 19; N. Diorio et al., NREL/TP-
6A20/64987, Nov. 15.
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Idea!
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Marry Salt Tanks from Andasol ...
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With Closed-Cycle Brayton Engine
Source: J. Ackeret u D. C. Keller, “Aerodynamische Brennkraftmaschine mit geschlossenem Kreislauf,”
Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure 85, No. 22, 491 (1941).
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Viola! Reversible Thermal Storage
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Recuperated Version
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Ideal Adiabatic Cycle
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Actual Cycle
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Relevant Equations
R. B. Laughlin, “Pumped Thermal Grid Storage With Heat Exchange,” J. Renew. Sustain.
Energy 9, 044103 (2017).
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The Problem – Part IV
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Old Mandate: Minimize Weight!
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… Load Turbine Stages Heavily!
Source: M. Kazari and R. Tanaka, “Improving Cooling Effectiveness of Gas Turbines Through Design
Exploration,” Power Engineering International, 1 Nov 16.
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New Mandate: Minimize Cost
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… Load Turbine Stages Lightly!
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Reversible Blading Strategy
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Reversible Compressor
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Reversible Turbine
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… But Modern Turbocompressors
Already Have This Property!
Left: Rotor of Siemens SGT5 series power gas turbine. (Courtesy of Siemens AG) Right: Stators of General
Electric J79 aircraft engine (progenitor of LM1500 stationary gas turbines) on display at Deutsches Museum in
Munich. (Credit: O. Cleynen).
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Turbine First blade row and stators Turbine Last blade row & stators
Compressor first blade row & stators Compressor last blade row and stators
Designed as a Charge Compressor, it functions reasonably well as a turbine, flowing in opposite direction.
Turbine
compressorcompressor
Turbine
Image Courtesy of Brayton Energy LLC, 3 Feb 20.
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CR10/TR2
CR11/TR1
CS2/TS1
Majority of the entropy is generated in the wakes due to incidence losses and trailing edge deviation, but peak entropy level
Counter Rotating Turbomachine Hot Machine – Turbine ModeVelocity Contours at 50% span
Turbine
Image courtesy of Brayton Energy LLC, 3 Feb 20.
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The Reversible Turbomachine Is
Essential Because ...
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… It Reduces the $ per Engine Watt
by a Factor of 2
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