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LAND ADMINISTRATION MANUAL

Contents

1 Introductory

2 LANDOWNERS AND TENANTS

3 ASSIGNMENTS OF LAND REVENUE

4 ORGANIZATION FOR PURPOSES OF LAND ADMINISTRATION

SCHEME OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

5 Te Su!er"or Re#enue O$$"cers o$ % d"str"ct

6 Po&ers o$ re#enue o$$"cers

7 P%t&%r"s %nd '%nun(os

8 VILLAGE HEADMEN) INAMDARS AND ZAILDARS

9 HARVEST INSPECTIONS

10 THE RECORD OF RIGHTS

11 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS

12 RIVERAIN LAW AND REASSESSMENT OF LANDS AFFECTED *+RIVER ACTION,

13 PARTITIONS

14 AC-UESTION OF LAND FOR PU*LIC PUSPOSES

15 COLLECTION OF LAND REVENUE

16 SUSPENSIONS AND REMISSIONS AND SPECIAL

REDUCTIONS OF ASSESSMENTS,

17 THE COURT OF WARDS

18 STATE LANDS

STATE LANDS RESERVED FROM CULTIVATION,

19 STATE LANDS DEVOTED TO THE E.TENSION OF CULTIVATION

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20 MISCELLANEOUS

PUN/A* LAND ADMINISTRATION MANUAL

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTOR+

0, L%nd re#enue not % t%1) 2ut rent !%y%23e to te St%te, In the first edition of

this work it was contended that the land revenue was a rent and not a land tax, and this

view has een retained in the o!enin" !ara"ra!hs of the fourth edition of the

#ettle$ent %anual& 'his is not the !lace to e$ark u!on a su$$ar( of the !rolon"ed

controvers( on the su)ect* the +uestion was exa$ined with care ( the Indian

'axation n+uir( -o$$ittee of 1926, which was found itself unale to arrive at an(a"reed findin"& .s that co$$ittee !ointed (See paragraph 53 of this Manual) out

/accordin" to the descri!tion "iven ( %anual of the fiscal ad$inistration of an

ancient indu #tate, 'he $ain source of the #tate revenue was a share of the "ross

!roduce of all land, var(in" accordin" to the soil and the laour necessar( to cultivate

it& In nor$al ti$es the share varied etween one twelfth and onesixth, ut was liale

to rise even to onefourth in ti$es of war or other !ulic cala$it(& 'he revenue was

collected not fro$ individual cultivators ut fro$ the co$$unit( re!resented ( the

head$an& In the earl( da(s of %uha$$adan ad$inistration, the #tate share of the

"ross !roduce de$anded ( the indu kin"s was converted into the khira) or triute

!a(ale on land in countries under %uha$$adan rule thou"h the share taken was

"reater than efore& 'he co$$ittee found that the land revenue has ceased to

re!resent a !ortion of "ross !roduce& 'hat in the un)a &the overn$ent

de$and is theoreticall( ased on an econo$ic rent, ut actuall( takes $an( other

factors into considerationnder oth indu and %uha$$adan rule, the #tate never

clai$ed the asolute or exclusive ownershi! of the land and definitel( reco"nied the

existence of !rivate !ro!ert( in it&(See paragraph 80 of this Manual).

'he eneral findin" of the -o$$ittee was that in so$e cases the revenue wasa !ure rent and in others it is $ore difficult to $aintain this view& In this !rovince, the

theor( still holds that the revenue is of the nature of a rent char"ed ( the #tate as

overlord of the land&

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Co44ent%ry

'he ter$ /ent includes the !a($ent of land revenue and cesses on ehalf of

the landlord&

5, Co33ector) %nd ste&%rd, 'he officer entrusted with the dut( of realiin" theland revenue is not a $ere rent collector, es!eciall( in !rovinces like the un)a,

where the de$and is fixed for a !eriod onl(, and the #tate continues to have a direct

and i$$ediate interest in the i$!rove$ent of the land& is !osition is rather that of

the steward of a "reat landowner& .s such, he is ound to res!ect, and !reserve fro$

encroach$ent ( others ever( !rivate ri"ht in the soil which has een created or

confir$ed ( the state& here the revenue has een fixed for a ter$ onl(, he has not

onl( to collect it, ut also to look forward to a ti$e when it will e revised, and to

collect and record in s(ste$atic $anner statistical infor$ation, which will facilitate itse+uitale reassess$ent& e $ust initiate and assist $easures to !revent, so far as $a(

e the loss of cro!s fro$ causes which are in an( de"ree controllale ( $an, and

$ust !re!are in ordinar( ti$es for those "raver natural cala$ities which !roduce

intense and wides!read scarcit( of food& In !articular the collector $ust do ever(thin"

in his !ower to conserve the soil of his district and to $aintain its fertilit(& 'he to! :

soil contains $ost of the fertilit( of the land, ut on slo!in" "round in $an( !arts of

the un)a, es!eciall( in districts orderin" on the i$ala(as and in the #alt ran"e it

is ein" ra!idl( re$oved ( erosion& rosion is assisted ( the lon" !eriods of

drou"ht, the short "rowin" !eriods of "rass and the heav( rainstor$s characteristics of the un)a& -onservation of soil is effected ( the control of "rain", fellin" and

lo!!in" in uncultivated land and ( the e$ankin" and where necessar( terracin" of

cultivated land& ;ertilit( is $aintained ( !lou"hin", $anurin", cultivation, hoein",

weedin" and followin", and ( suitale rotations of cro!s& It is the first dut( to a

far$er to kee! his land in "ood heart, to ensure its stailit( and if !ossile to increase

its fertilit(& 'his is done ( the est far$ers, ut $an( allow their land to deteriorate&

'he ai$ of land !olic( is the true s($iosis, or !er$anent association, of $anhis ani$als and the land& It is wron" that an( $an, ( slothful cultivation, (

excessive "rain", or ( ex!loitation of the surroundin" ve"etation should i$!eril the

stailit( of the soil of his own or his nei"hors holdin"s& It is his dut( to hand on his

fields intact to his successor& 'he -ollector $ust, therefore, encoura"e and assist ever(

effort $ade ( ri"ht holders to $aintain the fertilit( of their land, to conserve the

valuale to!soil, and to develo! their estates& In addition he $ust in coo!eration

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with the ;orest, the ."ricultural,

?i@ .s a recorder of a"ricultural statistics&

?ii@ .s "uardian and re"istrar of the ri"hts in the soil en)o(ed ( !rivate

!ersons&

?iii@ .s a collector of the land revenue*

?iv@ .s a !ro$oter of the stailit( and i$!rove$ent of landed !ro!ert(*

?v@ .s a custodian of #tate !ro!ert(*?vi@ .s a )ud"e etween landlords and tenants&

'he head of a district has $an( other i$!ortant duties to !erfor$, ut the

discussion in this work is confined to his functions in connection with the

ad$inistration of the land&

CHAPTER II

LANDOWNERS AND TENANTS

8, Rur%3 co44un"t"es, Aefore descriin" the $achiner( of the ad$inistration, it

is well to sa( so$ethin" of the a"ricultural co$$unities for whose enefit $ainl( it

exists& 'he reader is su!!osed to e fa$iliar with the cha!ters in the #ettle$ent

%anual, which deal with /'enures and the i"hts of Bandowners and /'he i"hts of

'enants&(Chapters VIII and IX. The former ma !e usefull supplemented ! "Tri!al

#a$ in the %un&a!' ! oe and attigan th edition. *s regards the other +lasses

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found in ,illage +ommunities - the grain dealers artisans and menials - see

paragraphs /30338 and 30 and as regards rents see paragraphs

3//3/1311333 and 355 of the Settlement Manual th edition) 'he for$er $a(

usefull( e su!!le$ented ( so$e account of the law of !resu$!tion a!!licale to

villa"e lands and of the i$!ortant restrictions i$!ressed u!on landowners of thea"ricultural class ( the !assin" of the un)a .lienation of Band .ct, CIII of 1900&

Co44ent%ry

er!etuit( cultivation with condition that cultivator will $aintain !each(

creates relationshi! of landlord and tenant&

9, Pun:%2) % country o$ !e%s%nt 3%ndo&ners, 'he un)a is essentiall( an

a"ricultural countr( onehalf of which is owned and tilled ( !easant landowners&'here are a few lar"e !ro!rietors in $ost districts ut in the whole !rovince of nu$er

who !a( $ore than s& 500 land revenue is less than 2,500& 'he $a)orit( of owners

holdin" in the !lains are less than ten acres, in the hills the( are $ostl( under three

acres& 'he ulk of the !o!ulation of the un)a consists of landowners and their

de!endents and their !ros!erit( and content$ent $ust alwa(s e the chief solicitude

of overn$ent&

;, D%n(ers to !e%s%nt o&ners"! $ro4 d"#"s"on o$ o3d"n(s %nd 4"s<

%!!ro!r"%t"on 2y 4oney

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own hands& (See in +onne+tion $ith this su!&e+t paragraph 3238/ and 0104 of

the settlement Manual th edition)

=, Osc"33%t"ons o$ o!"n"on on su2:ect < 'he !olitical advanta"e of $aintainin"

the existin" fra$ework of societ(, and of kee!in" the land in the hands of those whosehereditar( occu!ations was tilla"e, was full( reco"nied ( the first ad$inistrators of

the un)a& 'here followed a ti$e in which the i$!ortance of this o)ect was less

keenl( felt and the !ossiilit( of attainin" it was denied& 'he third !hase of o!inion,

which is that now !redo$inant, re"ards the ex!ro!riation of the old landownin" tries

with at least as $uch aversion as did the earliest ad$inistrators of the !rovince,

$aintainin" that it is not onl( !oliticall(, ut also econo$icall(, disadvanta"eous& 'he

causes of these re$arkale oscillations of o!inion fro$ a curious cha!ter in the

revenue histor( of the un)a, which $a( e noticed riefl( efore descriin" theactual !rovisions in force at different ti$es re"ardin" !ree$otion and restrictions on

the transfer of land&

>, A!o3o(et"c tone %do!ted 2y e%r3y %d4"n"str%tors %s to 4e%sures %do!ted

to !reser#e st%2"3"ty o$ #"33%(e co44un"t"es < hile ex!erience ac+uired elsewhere

led shortl( after annexation to the ado!tion of $easures to !revent the intrusion of

aliens into villa"e co$$unities ( the !urchase of land, so$e of the alest officers

held that these $easures were o!en to the re!roach of econo$ic unsoundness, and that

the !ros!ect of a"ricultural i$!rove$ent ( the attraction to the soil of the ca!ital of the $one(ed classes was ein" sacrificed to the i$!ortance of !olitical stailit(& IE

his co$$entar( on the un)a -ivil -ode, %r& %ont"o$er( felt constrained to

a!olo"ie for the $aintenance of the law of !ree$!tion& Bater, %r& -ust re$arked in

his evenue %anual> /'he !rinci!le ?of !ree$!tion@ is not defended on an(

econo$ic "rounds, ut is $aintained for social and !olitical reasons, and

conte$!lated without re"ret a "radual !rocess ( which the existin" villa"e

co$$unities $i"ht /$elt awa( and "ive !lace to a $ore $odern, and !erha!s $ore

!oliticall( nice, distriution of !ro!ert(&

?, C%uses o$ "ncre%se o$ tr%ns$ers, 'he dis!osition to look on unli$ited !ower

of transfers as an essential feature of !ro!rietar( ri"ht and a necessit( of econo$ic

!ro"ress was stren"thened ( the assi$ilation of the law and !rocedure of the un)a

with that of the older !rovinces, which resulted fro$ the extension of the -ode of

-ivil rocedure to the !rovince in 1866, and the estalish$ent of a -hief -ourt in

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Bahore in the sa$e (ear& .out the sa$e ti$e the !olic( of $oderation and fixation of

the land revenue e"an to $ake land attractive as an invest$ent& 'itles had een

clearl( deter$ined, and the $oderation of the de$and $ade the ownershi! of land a

source of inco$e& 'he !easant !ro!rietor found his credit ra!idl( ex!andin"& 'he old

s(ste$ of li$ited orrowin" on the securit( of cro!s, cattle, and orna$ents wassu!!lanted ( one of extrava"ant orrowin" on the securit( of the land&

0@, Incre%se 3oo7ed on %s 2ene$"c"%3 or %t 3e%st "ne#"t%23e, #ales and $ort"a"es

of land to $one(lenders eca$e a feature of villa"e life& A( so$e this was looked

u!on with little alar$ and even with co$!lacenc(& It was $aintained that the

resources of the countr( would e develo!ed ( the a!!lication to the i$!rove$ent of

the land of ca!ital of the $one(ed classes& ven those who disliked the !rocess, were

dis!osed for a ti$e to look on it as the outco$e of an irresistile econo$ic law&

00, Gro&t o$ o!"n"on ost"3e to $ree tr%ns$er, Aut, with each +uin+uenniu$ the

alienation of land !roceeded ever(where at a $ore ra!id rate and in so$e !arts of the

countr( the area which had !assed out of the hands of the ori"inal owners a$ounted

to a considerale total& 'he social and !olitical evils likel( to s!rin" fro$ the

ex!ro!riation of the old landownin" classes a"ain ca$e to e keenl( felt, and

ac+uiescence eca$e increasin"l( difficult, and ceased to e re"arded as inevitale&

'he !olic( of laisse faire ex!ounded ( the n"lish econo$ists was no lon"er

considered as a!!licale to ever( countr( and sta"e of societ(& x!erience alsoshowed that the ex!ectation that the new !ro!rietors and $ort"a"es would e

i$!rovin" landlords was not fulfilled&

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06, C"#"3 courts %cce!t doctr"ne o$ 3"4"ted o&ners"! < 'his doctrine invaded

the civil courts, which were ound ( section 5 of the un)a Baws .ct to decide

+uestions of inheritance, ado!tion and "ifts !ri$aril( on evidence of custo$, and fro$

1887 onwards it for$ed the foundation of a series of decisions ( the -hief -ourt on

sales and $ort"a"es ( sonless !ro!rietors, ado!tion, "ifts and !ree$!tion.(See+hapter III of "Tri!al #a$ in the %un&a! " oe and attigan) Aut these decisions,

valuale thou"h the( were , did not !rove effective restraints on the actions of

landowners, and in no wa( reduced the seriousness of the !role$ which overn$ent

had to face&

08, Necess"ty o$ restr"ct"n( cred"t 2%s"s o$ Pun:%2 A3"en%t"on o$ L%nd Act, 'he

!osition was at last acce!ted that the root of the evil was to e found in the inflation of

the !easant owners credit and that the onl( ho!e of checkin" it la( in lessenin" his !owers of orrowin" ( i$!osin" le"al restrictions of the sale and $ort"a"e of land&

'his !olic( was e$odied in the un)a .lienation of Band .ct, CIII of 1900, the

!rovisions of which will e noticed !resentl(&

09, C3%ss"$"c%t"on o$ 4e%sures t%7en %t d"$$erent t"4es to !rotect

3%ndo&ners, 'he $easures taken at various ti$es for the !rotection of the landowners

of the un)a $a( e classed under the heads>

?a@ 'he le"al enforce$ent of the custo$ of !ree$!tion>?@ 'he restriction of transfers ( landowners elon"in" to a"ricultural tries>

?c@ 'he exe$!tion fro$ sale in execution of decree of land and other !ro!ert( of

hereditar( a"riculturists&

0;, Pre

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$one( re+uired, and thus savin" what is reall( their own !ro!ert(& ("Tri!al #a$ in

the %un&a! ! oe and attigan pages 8183)

0=, E%r3y !ro#"s"ons "n Pun:%2 C"#"3 Code) etc& 'he first ad$inistrators of the

un)a rou"ht a knowled"e of the existence of !ree$!tion in villa"e co$$unitiesfro$ what is now the united !rovinces& In 1852 the Aoard of .d$inistration issued a

circular ?Eo& 28 of 1852@ re+uirin" a landowner who wished to sell his share to offer

it in the first instance to the whole co$$unit( or to so$e individual co!arcener at a

reasonale !rice to e fixed ( a"ree$ent, fallin" which the revenue officer and three

assessors were to deter$ine the fair value& 'wo (ears later this instruction was

e$odied and elaorated in section CIII of the un)a -ivil -ode& ree$!tion was

there declared to a!!l( to villa"e lands and sites in villa"es and kasas occu!ied (

shareholders in the estate and to extend to !rivate sales, sales in execution of decreeand foreclosures of $ort"a"e& If none of the owners wished to u(, the hereditar(

tenants ?if an(@ $i"ht exercise the ri"ht& rovision was $ade for the valuation of land

in case of dis!ute ( co$$ittee a!!ointed ( the revenue authorities& ree$!tion

suits were to e rou"ht in the civil courts, ut an( issues as to !riorit(

a$on" contendin" clai$ants and the value of the land were to e referred for

decision to the revenue authorities&'he chief -o$$issioner,in 1856,with the o)ect of

!reservin" the inte"rit( of villa"e co$$unities, extended the ri"ht to usufructuar(

$ort"a"es&(6inan+ial Commissioner7s Cir+ular o. / of /854)

0>, Entr"es "n #"33%(e %d4"n"str%t"on !%!ers, 'he custo$s "overnin" !re

e$!tion were also recorded in villa"e ad$inistration !a!ers draw u! at settle$ents

$ade efore the !assin" of the un)a Baws .ct, I< of 1872& /In nearl( all the old

wa)iular we find a !rovision securin" this ri"ht either to the next heirs, or to the

a"nates "enerall(, and after the$ to all $e$ers of the villa"e co$$unit( to the

exclusion of stran"ers&("Tri!al #a$ of %un&a! ! oe and attigan page 88)

0?, R"(t restr"cted 2y C"#"3 Courts, 'wo earl( )ud"e$ents of the -hief -ourtroed !ree$!tion of $ost of ties value & 'he court held that the ri"ht did not extend

to usufructuar( $ort"a"es, (%un&a! e+ord +ase o. 82)exce!t where the villa"e

ad$inistration !a!er !rovided otherwise, and that !ro!rietor ( !urchase throu"h a

stran"er to, and at itter strife with, the ori"inal villa"e rotherhood , had as "ood a

title to clai$ !ree$!tion as an( $e$er of it&(%un&a! e+ord +ase o. )

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5@, Pro#"s"on o$ Pun:%2 Act) IV o$ 0>=5, 'he sa$e li$itation of the ri"ht as

re"ards the transaction in res!ect of which it exists, and the sa$e extension of it as

re"ards the !ersons who $a( clai$ to exercise it, were unfortunatel( e$odied in the

sections of the un)a Baws .ct, I< of 1872, which dealt with !ree$!tion& 'hat .ct,

as a$ended ( .ct CII of 1878& rovided that the ri"ht arises in the case of salesunder a decree of otherwise and foreclosures of $ort"a"e, (Se+tion )and that unless a

custo$ or contract to the contrar( is !roved, it exists in all villa"e co$$unities , and

extends

?a@ to the villa"e site and houses*

?@ to all lands within the villa"e oundar(*

?c@ to all transferale ri"hts of occu!anc( in such lands& (Se+tion /0)

In the asence of custo$ to the contrar(& the ri"ht was declared to elon" to thefollowin" !ersons in the order stated>

?a@ first, in the case of )oint undivided i$$ovale !ro!ert(, to the cosharers*

?@ secondl(, in the case of villa"es held on ancestral shares, to cosharers in the

villa"e , in order of their relationshi! to the vendor or $ort"a"or*

?c@ thirdl(, if no cosharer or relation of the vendor or $ort"a"or clai$s to

exercise such ri"ht, to the landowners of the atti or other sudivision of the

villa"e in which the !ro!ert( is situate )ointl(*

?d@ fourthl(, if the landowner of the atti or other sudivision $ake no )oint clai$

to exercise such ri"ht, to such landholders, severall(*?e@ fifthl(, to an( landholder of the villa"e*

?f@ sixthl(, to the tenants ?if an(@ with ri"hts of occu!anc( in the !ro!ert(*

?"@ seventhl(, to the tenants?if an( @ with ri"hts of occu!anc( in the villa"e&

In case of transfers of ri"hts of occu!anc( under section 5 of the un)a 'enanc( .ct,

C

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here tow or $ore !ersons were e+uall( entitled to !ree$!tion, the vendor or

$ort"a"or $i"ht deter$ine which of the$ should exercise it(Se+tion /1)& #ection 13

to 18 of the .ct !rovided for the enforce$ent of the ri"ht& 'he $atter was left entirel(

to the civil courts, no !rovision ein" $ade for the reference of an( +uestion in

dis!ute to the revenue officer&

50, Inter!ret%t"on %!!3"ed %s re(%rds custo4%ry r"(ts o$ !re

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the( can clai$ it& 'he intention of sections 22 and 12 of course, is to rin" the law

into confor$it( with villa"e custo$& #ection 12 runs

#u)ect to the !rovisions of section 11(o$ see se+tion /5 of *+t I of //3), the

ri"ht of !ree$!tion in res!ect shall vest ?a@ in the case of the sale of such land or !ro!ert( ( a sole owner of occu!anc(

tenant, or when such land or !ro!ert( is held )ointl(, ( the co sharers in the

!ersons who ut for such sale would e entitled to inherit the !ro!ert( in the

event of his or their decease, in order of succession*

?@ in the case of a sale of a share of such land or !ro!ert( held )ointl(, first in the

lineal descendants of the vendor in the $ale line, in order of succession*

#econdl(, in the cosharers, if an(, who are a"nates* in order of succession*'hirdl(, in the !ersons descried in su clause?a@ of this susection and not herein

efore !rovided for*

;ourthl( , in the cosharers, ?I@ )ointl( ?ii@ severall(*

?c@ If no !erson havin" a ri"ht of !ree$!tion under suclause ?a@ or su :clause

?@ seeks to exercise the ri"ht

;irst, when the sale effects the su!erior or inferior !ro!rietar( ri"ht and the

su!erior !ro!rietar( ri"ht is sold, in the inferior, !ro!rietors, and when the inferior

!ro!rietar( ri"ht is sold in the su!erior !ro!rietors&

#econdl(, in the owners of the atti or other sudivision of the estate within theli$its of which such land or !ro!ert( is situate, ?I@ )ointl(, ?ii@ severall(*

'hirdl(, in the owners of the estate, ?I@ )ointl( ?ii@ severall(*

;ourthl(, in the case of a sale of the !ro!rietar( ri"ht in such land or !ro!ert(, in

the tenants?if an(@havin" ri"hts of occu!anc( in such land or !ro!ert(, ?I@ )ointl(,

?ii@ severall(*

;ifthl(, in an( tenant havin" a ri"ht of occu!anc( in an( a"ricultural land in the

estate within the li$its of which the !ro!ert( is situate&

E1!3%n%t"on 0& In the case of a sale of a ri"ht of occu!anc(, clauses ?a@ ,?@,and ?c@

of this susection with the exce!tion of su :clause fourthl( of clause ?c@, shall

e a!!licale&

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E1!3%n%t"on 5& : In the case of sale ( a fe$ale of !ro!ert( to which she has

succeeded throu"h her husand , son , rother or father, the word /a"nates in this

section shall $ean the a"nates of the !erson throu"h who$ she has so succeeded&

-ha!ter I< of the .ct deals with !rocedure& It $aintains the )urisdictions of thecivil courts& ut $akes careful !rovision to !revent !ree$!tion ein" used to defeat

the o)ects of the un)a .lienation of Band .ct, CIII of 1900& (Se+tion 101/14 and

12 of *+t II of /05)

55

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Indian #a$ eports #ahore series ,olume V of /1) 'o !revent such cases occurrin"

in the future, a new section, Eo& 28. * was inserted in the $ain .ct ( an a$endin"

.ct& Eo& II of 1928 which ca$e into force fro$ the Ist =ece$er, 1928& A( this

addition it should e i$!ossile for a !urchaser to defeat the law of !ree$!tion (

s!littin" his transactions into two !arts and to retain the !ro!ert( ac+uired ( theseconds !urchase, even throu"h he $a( suse+uentl( lose the !ro!ert( ac+uired (

his first !urchase&

56, Co44"ss"onerBs s%nct"on to tr%ns$ers to str%n(ers $or4er3y reu"red&

'here used to e an old rule which re+uired the sanction of the -o$$issioner to the

transfer to a stran"er of a share of land in a villa"e co$$unit(& It was $ore a device to

ensure that reversions had an o!!ortunit( of exercisin" their ri"ht of !ree$!tion than

an atte$!t to restrict freedo$ of contract& %r& -ust, in 1860, ex!lained it as follows>'he ri"ht of !ree$!tion is not to e evaded* the sanction of the -o$$issioner $ust

!recede all such $utations and& ithin a !eriod of three $onths fro$ the transfer

takin" !lace or ein" $ade known to the !arties concerned, the validit( of the transfer

$a( e dis!ute ( a re"ular revenue suit under !ara"ra!h II, !art I, -ha!ter CIII* of

the un)a -ivil -ode&(paragraph /3 of 6inan+ial Commissioner7s oo: Cir+ular

o. X#VII of /840)

'he rule was retained in the instructions on $utation !rocedure under the first

un)a Band evenue .ct , CCCIII of 1871 & Aut it was there directed that /if the

transferee has otained !ossession, and no suit for !ree$!tion is rou"ht within theter$ of li$itation, or if such suit, when rou"ht is dis$issed, $utation of na$es shall

e sanctioned& 'his $a( have had so$e effect in discoura"in" transfers to stran"ers,

the tendenc( ein" to re"ard a transaction of the sort as inco$!lete till it had een

reco"nied ( an entr( in the record of ri"hts&

58, F%r

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'he onl( exe$!ted district ins #i$la, exce!t the ila+a of Hot"arh in the Hot Hhai

'ahsil, ut all $unici!al and canton$ent areas in other districts have een excluded

fro$ the o!eration of the !rovisions restrictin" freedo$ of transfer (%un&a!

9o,ernment notifi+ation o. /4/24. < * dated 1/ st =une //. The pro,isions

for!idding mortgages ! $a of +onditional sale (se+tion /0) and sale in e>e+ution of a de+ree of land !elonging to a mem!er of an agri+ultural tri!e(se+tion /4) appl to

muni+ipal and +antonment areas.)& 'he .ct a!!lies to the ri"hts of occu!anc( tenants

as well as to those of landowners(See se+tion 1(3) of *+t XIII of /00 . *s to transfers

! o++upan+ tenants see also +hapter V of the %un&a! Tenan+ *+t XVI of /882) & It

classifies alienationFs as !er$anent and te$!orar(& 'he for$er includes sales,

exchan"es, "ifts and wills(Se+tion 1() 9ifts for a religious or +harita!le purpose

$hether made inter ,i,os ! $ill are not permanent alienation7s for the purpose of the

*+t)* the later $ort"a"es and leases&

5;, Usu$ructu%ry %nd co33%ter%3 4ort(%(es, %ort"a"es are roadl( divided into

usufructuar( and collateral $ort"a"es& In the for$er the $ort"a"ee takes !ossessions

of the $ort"a"ed land, en)o(in" the rents and !a(in" the land revenue, the difference

etween the rent and the revenue ein" re"arded as e+uivalent to the interest on the

$ort"a"e det(This $as the almost uni,ersal form of usufru+tuar mortgage in the

%un&a! !efore the passing of *+t XIII of /00 . "(%ossession means of +ourse

possession of the rights of a landlord. The mortgagor $as often retained in +ulti,ating

possessions as tenant at $ill under the mortgagee. 6or the legal definition of usufr+tuar mortgage see se+tion 1(5). It em!ra+es +ases in $hi+h the rent and

profits are appropriated not onl in lie$ of interest !ut also "in pament of the

mortgage -mone or part in lieu of interests and partl in pament of the mortgage

mone.)& In a collateral $ort"a"e the $ort"a"or retains !ossession of the land so lon"

as he !a(s interest and install$ents of !rinci!al accordin" to the ter$s of the

$ort"a"edeed & If he $akes default , the $ort"a"ee can clai$ to e !ut in !ossession&

5=, Me42ers o$ A(r"cu3tur%3 Tr"2es And A(r"cu3tur"sts, 'he !rovisions of the .ct which deal with te$!orar( alienationFs onl( reco"nie two classes of !ersons

?a@ 'hose who are $e$ers of a"ricultural tries and

?@ 'hose who are not $e$ers of a"ricultural tries&

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!on the latter no restrictions of an( kind are i$!osed& 'hose relatin" to

!er$anent transfer ori"inall( introduced a third class descried as :

?c@ ."riculturists&

5>, /Me42ers o$ A(r"cu3tur%3 Tr"2es 4e%n"n( o$ ter4,

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(ears and on such conditions as the =e!ut( -o$$issioner $a( think reasonale&

(Se+tion /).

65, A33 %(r"cu3tur%3 tr"2es "n e%c d"str"ct $ro4 % s"n(3e (rou!, ;or the !resent

all the a"ricultural tries in each district, with a few exce!tions noted elow& ave een notified as for$in" a sin"le "rou!(%un&a! 9o,ernment notifi+ations o.1/S

dated 11nd Ma /0/ and o. // dated /4 th =ul /01)& %e$ers of a"ricultural

tries have therefore, with these exce!tions, full !owers of sellin" and u(in" inter se

within the li$its of the district in which the( own land & #hould this road s(ste$ of

"rou!in" lead an(where to the ra!id ex!ro!riation of one trie ( another, the

for$ation of s$all "rou!s of tries $( eco$e necessar(& Arah$ans and other

a"riculturists in so$e districts have een declared as se!arate "rou!s of a"ricultural

tries within their res!ective districts fro$ 1909 onwards& (See part of the appendi>to 6inan+ial Commissioner7s Standing ?rder o. /)

33& -ancelled&

34& -ancelled&

69, Order s%nct"on"n( s%3e does not %$$ect r"(ts o$ re#ers"ons & 'he executive

order ( which a =e!ut( -o$$issioner sanctions a sale in no wa( affects an( ri"ht

which reversionFs or other have to contest the validit( of the transfer ( le"al

!roceedin"s or to clai$ !ree$!tion&(Se+tion 5)

6;, E1c%n(es ("$ts %nd &"33s, .ll that has een said aove of sales a!!lies

e+uall( to exchan"es , "ifts and wills & =eath :ed "ifts to Arah$ans often known as

dohli, are not usuall( re"arded as su)ect to the !rovisions of the .ct& Aut the a$ount

which can e alienated in this wa( is li$ited ( custo$, and if it is exceeded& 'he

donorFs heir can sue to have the area reduced to what is !er$issile ( trial law&

6=, Instruct"ons %s to ("#"n( or &"to3d"n( s%nct"on to s%3es, 'he followin"instructions have een issued ( the financial co$$issioners with the a!!roval of

overn$ent as to the considerations, which should influence a =e!ut( -o$$issioner

in "ivin" or withholdin" sanction& #u)ect to the !roviso to susection ?iii@ elow he

need not concern hi$self with the !ossile ri"hts of reversions or !ree$!tors& :

?i@ #anctions should not e "iven unless the =e!ut( -o$$issioner is satisfied

that the transfer is reall( advanta"eous to the vendor and his fa$il(& If a

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a$indar de!ends entirel( or $ainl( on his land, no alienation should

ordinaril( e allowed which will reduce the land he retains to less than is

re+uired for the su!!ort of hi$self and his fa$il(&

?ii@ #anction should e "iven if the =e!ut( -o$$issioner is satisfied that there is

no intention of evadin" the .ct when the o)ect of the !urchase is to otain&?a@ . site for a worksho! or factor(, for uildin" for the acco$$odation or

welfare of !ersons to e e$!lo(ed in the$, for a !ower installation for

workin" industrial enter!rise, the health of !ersons en"a"ed as laorers

or otherwise in connection with such*

?@ . uildin" site close to a town or villa"e site&

?iii@ #anction $a( e "iven to an alienation of land

?a@ ( wealth( a$idars ownin" $uch land, for co$$ercial reasons or to

i$!rove or consolidate their !ro!erties*?@ ( indeted a$indars ownin" $ort"a"ed land, and desirin" to sell a

!art of their land, in order to raise $one( to redee$ the whole or !art of

the rest onl( if the =e!ut( -o$$issioner is satisfied that the transfer is

reall( advanta"eous to the vendor and his fa$il(, and that the vendor is

not ale to sell the land to a $e$er of an a"ricultural trie included in

the sa$e "rou! as the vendor at a !rice which will enale hi$ to attain

his o)ect*

?c@ !ro!osed or effected in favour of a$idars who, ( reason of their

insi"nificant nu$ers, have not een classed in the !articular district as$e$ers of a"ricultural tries*

?d@ to onafied artisans who are not !rofessional $one(lenders& It is

desirale to encoura"e thrift( $e$ers of the artisan class to eco$e

owners of s$all !lots of land when the alienation is not disadvanta"eous

to the vendor and his fa$il(*

?e@ ( a $e$er of an a"ricultural trie in one un)a district to a $e$er

of the sa$e trie or "rou! of triesi n another un)a district& In such a

case sanction should usuall( e "iven as a $atter of course unless thealle"ation is clearl( contrar( to the intention of the .ct& 'hese

instructions also a!!l( in the case of !ersons holdin" land in districts of

the other !rovinces ad)oinin" un)a districts who, if the( had held land

in the un)a districts, would have een dee$ed to elon" to

a"ricultural tries& 'o a!!lications for sanction in favour of su)ects of

Indian states ad)oinin" un)a districts so$ewhat different

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considerations* a!!l( and such a!!lications should e deal with on their

$erits>

!rovided that in cases ?a@,?@&?c@ ?d@ and ?e@ no $e$er of an a"ricultural

trie included in the sa$e "rou! as the vendor has offered, or is read( to

offer, a fair !rice for the land&

6>, Mort(%(es 2y &%y o$ cond"t"on%3 s%3e %2o3"sed& 'he onl( restraint on

$ort"a"e which the .ct $akes "enerall( a!!licale is contained in its 10 th section,

which aolishes the for$ of $ort"a"e ( wa( of conditional sale& 'his was a for$

where( the $ort"a"or a"reed that if he failed to redee$ ( a certain date the

$ort"a"e would e chan"ed to sale& .ll that the $one(lender had to do was to

!revent re!a($ent of the det ( an( will or artifice and the ri"hts of the owner

eca$e extin"uished without recourse to court&

6?, Sco!e o$ oter restr"ct"ons& 'he other !rovisions re"ardin" $ort"a"es a!!l(

onl( to those $ade ( $e$ers of a"ricultural tries in favour of !ersons who are not

$e$ers of the sa$e trie or of a trie in the sa$e "rou!, or in other words , as

$atters at !resent stand in the sa$e district (Se+tion 4(/))& hen h(!othecatin" his

land to such !ersons, a $e$er of an a"ricultural trie $ust choose etween three

kinds of $ort"a"es& 'wo of these are usufructuar( $ort"a"es, the $ort"a"ee

ac+uirin" for the ti$e ein" the ri"hts of landlord&

8@, Usu$ructu%ry 4ort(%(e $or 3"4"ted !er"od) usu$ruct e1t"n(u"s"n(

!r"nc"!%3 %nd "nterest, 'he first is a $ort"a"e for a li$ited !eriod not exceedin"

twent( (ears, all the ri"hts of the $ort"a"or ein" sus!end, and the rents and !rofits

en)o(ed ( the $ort"a"ee ein" taken as extin"uishin" ( the end of the ter$ his

clai$ for oth !rinci!al and interest (Se+tion 4(/)(a)& 'his for$ of $ort"a"e was rare

in the un)a efore the act was !assed(In *m!ala a mortgage of this des+ription $as

:no$n as "+ha:ota rihn')&

80, Usu$ructur%ry 4ort(%(e $or un3"4"ted !er"od &"t reser#%t"on o$ r"(t o$

occu!%ncy, In the second for$ of usufructurar( $ort"a"e the ter$ is su)ect to no

statuar( li$itation* the $ort"a"or reserves the ri"hts of an occu!anc( tenant at such

cash rent as $a( e a"reed u!on consistin" of :

?a@ the land revenue, !lus,

?@ the rates and cesses, !lus

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?c@ an additional su$ of exceedin" ?a@

and this rent is taken as e+ui!$ent to interest& 'he $ort"a"or tenant can not

alienate his ri"ht of cultivation, and he can onl( e e)ected on so$e "round which

would, under section 39 of the tenanc( .ct, Gustif( the e)ection of an occu!anc(

tenant(Se+tion 4(/)(+)). #hould he aandon the land or e e)ected fro$ it, the$ort"a"e takes effect as one in the first for$ for such ter$ no exceedin" twent( (ears

fro$ the date on which his !ossessions ca$e to an end, and for such a su$ of $one(

as the =e!ut( -o$$issioner $a( think reasonale(Se+tion 4(1))& 'his for$ of

$ort"a"e is ver( rarel( ado!ted&

85, Co33%ter%3 4ort(%(e, 'he third for$ of $ort"a"e is a collateral one in which

the $ort"a"or retains all ri"hts of ownershi! and cultivation ,a su)ect however, to e

the condition that if he fails to !a( !rinci!al and interest in accordance with the ter$sof the contract, the $ort"a"ee $a( a!!l( the =e!ut( -o$$issioner to !ut hi$ in

!ossession of the land& 'he $ort"a"e then eco$es converted to a susfructar( one of

the first for$ for such reasonale& It is also his dut( to deter$ine what the !rinci!al of

the det in the case of the new $ort"a"e shall e& 'his will consist of whatever

a$ount he finds to e due on account of the alance of !rinci!al and interest

outstandin" on the old $ort"a"e& In $akin" u! the account the =e!ut( co$$issioner,

need not acce!t the rate of interest contracted for ut $a( award whatever a$ount of

si$!le interest the thinks reasonale (Se+tion 4(/)(!).)&

86, Cond"t"ons &"c 4%y 2e "nterested "n st%tutory 4ort(%(es

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de!ut( -o$$issioner $a( call on the $ort"a"ee to choose whether he will retain the

existin" $ort"a"e with the sale condition struck out, or acce!t, in lieu of it, a

$ort"a"e in the first of third of the for$s descried aove(Se+tion (1))&

89, Procedure "n su"ts to en$orce un%utor"ed 4ort(%(es < If a suit is institutedin a civil court on a $ort"a"e ( wa( of conditional sale or in a for$ unauthoried (

the .ct executed ( a $e$er of an a"ricultural trie, the court is ound to $ake a

reference to the de!ut( -o$$issioner so that the court is ound to $ake a reference

to the de!ut( co$$issioner so that he $a( exercise the !owers referred to in the last

two !ara"ra!hs&

8;, Mort(%(orBs r"(t o$ rede4!t"on unrestr"cted < 'he execution of a

$ort"a"e in one of the statutor( for$s in no wa( interferes with the $ort"a"orFs ri"htto redee$ his land at an( ti$e on !a($ent of the $ort"a"e det, or in the case of a

$ort"a"e in the first or third for$, of such !ro!ortion of the $ort"a"e det as the

=e!ut( -o$$issioner deter$ines to e still due&

8=, -uest"on &eter st%tutory 4ort(%(es &"33 co4e "nto use < 'he local

overn$ent has !ower to !er$it an( therefro$ of $ort"a"es to e used ( $e$ers

of a"ricultural tries and to the conditions ad$issile in the for$s !er$itted ( the

act& 'hirt( (ears ex!erience has shown that onl( the first for$ of $ort"a"e has !roved

acce!tale& 'he second for$ is al$ost unknown& 'he conditional sale clause has now !racticall( disa!!eared&

8>, Le%ses

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9@, Restr"ct"on on y!otec%t"on o$ cro!s, .nother device for evadin" the .ct

had also to e "uarded a"ainst& 'hree is little difference in effect etween a $ort"a"e

of land and $ort"a"e of its !roduce& %e$ers of a"ricultural tries are, therefore,

foridden to alienda"e or char"e the !roduce or an( !art of the !roduce of their landfor a !eriod exceedin" a (ear without the sanction of the de!ut( co$$issioner& 'here

is no interference with orrowin" on the securit( of the next two harvests& 'he !eriod

of one (ear will as a rule, cover contracts $ade ( landowners with the a"ents of

lar"ess fir$s en"a"ed in the wheat and oil :seed ex!ort tradeJ #uch dealin"s have

een of "reat enefit to the a$idars in $a( !arts of the countr(, and if en"a"e$ents

of the sort for a !eriod exceedin" one (ear co$e efore a de!ut( co$$issioner, he

need feel no hesitation aout sanctionin" the$&

90, S%3e "n e1ecut"on o$ decree, 'he sale of a"ricultural land in execution of a

decree has alwa(s een su)ect to severe restrictions in the un)a& .t first the

sanction of co$$issioners was sufficient& In 1859 that of the Gudicial -o$$issioner

was re+uired when the !ro!ert( was ancestral, and not ac+uired& .fterwards the

;inancial co$$issioner eca$e the authorit( to who$ sale !ro!osals had to e

su$itted& 'he direct result of these rules was that sales in execution were al$ost

unknown* the indirect that loan without the securit( of a $ort"a"e on the detorFs

land were discoura"ed& 'he sa$e .ct, which has !ut restrictions on $ort"a"es, has

foridden the sale in execution of a decree of land elon"in" to a $a$er of ana"ricultural trie& 'he !rovisions of section 72 of the -ivil rocedure -ode ?.ct < of

1908@ have therefore ceased to e of $uch !ractical i$!ortance so far as the un)a is

concerned& Drders issued ( an( court for the attach$ent, sale or deliver( of land or

interest in land or for the attach$ent or sale of !roduce& %ust e executed ( the

collector or so$e revenue officer a!!ointed ( hi$& 'he rules on the su)ect will

efouled in cha!ter 12$ and 12n of the ules and Drders of the i"h -ourt, volu$e

I and ;inical -o$$issioners #tandin" Drder Eo& 64&

90

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It is, however, a settled +uestion that a civil court can in execution of a decree,

orders a te$!orar( alienation of the land of a )ud"$ent :detor who is not a

te$!orar( alienation of such land& ?

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96, Pro#"s"ons o$ Ten%ncy Act re(u3%t"n( re3%t"ons o$ 3%nd3ords %nd ten%nts %t

&"33, 'he cha!ter on the i"hts of 'enants in the #ettle$ent %anual treats $ainl( of

the histor( of hereditar( tenant ri"ht in the un)a and of the existin" law on the

su)ect contained in .ct C

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landlord or tenant who is in)ured ( the failure of the other !art( to attend $a( a!!l(

to the tehsildar for the a!!oint$ent of a referee to divide or a!!raise the !roduce& 'he

referee $a( carr( out the division or a!!raise$ent in the asence of one& Df the

!arties, if after due notice he fails to a!!ear& 'he result of the refereeFs !roceedin"s

$ust e re!orted to the tehsildar for confir$ation& 'he sa$e !rocedure $a( eado!ted when there is an dis!ute etween the landlord and the tenant aout the

division or a!!raise$ent&

9>, P%y4ent o$ rent tou( t%s"3, hen two or $ore !ersons are landlords in

res!ect of a sin"le tenanc( the tenant is not ound to !a( !art of his rent to one and

!art to another& It is their usiness to a!!oint one of their nu$ers to receive the

whole rent& here rent is !a(ale in cash, the landlord $a(, for so$e reason refuse, to

receive it, or to "rant a recei!t& 'heir $a( for exa$!le, e a dis!ute aout the a$ountand he $a( refuse to si"n an ac+uttance unless the tenant will "ive hi$ all the clai$s&

."ain a tenant $a( occasionall( e in dout that the !erson is who is entitled to e

!aid the rent& In either case it is o!en to hi$ to a!!l( to the tahsildar to acce!t the rent

as a de!osit, and !a( it to the !erson who$ he considers entitled to receive it&

9?, Not"ce o$ re3"nu"s4ent, 'enants at :will usuall( hold ( the (ear onl(,

leases for a ter$ of (ears ein" still unco$$on& .rran"e$ents are as a rule, $ade for

the a"ricultural (ear ?Hharif :rai@ the out"oin" tenant "ivin" u! the land after the

s!rin" cro!s have een harvested& 'he law !rovides that neither !art( to a contract of lettin" shall e ale to !ut the other in difficult( ( failin" to "ive ti$el( notice of his

intentions as re"ards the next a"ricultural (ear, which $eans in the tenanc( act, the

twelve $onths e"innin" on the 16th of Gune& . tenant who !ro!oses to +uit his

holdin" after the ai harvest $ust infor$ his landlord on or efore 15 Ganuar(& If he

fails to do so he eco$es liale for the rent of the next a"ricultural (ear unless the

landlord arran"es for the cultivation of the land ( so$eone else& xce!t with the

consent of the landlord a notice of relin+uish$ent $ust a!!l( to the whole of the lease

land& If the tenant thinks it desirale for his own securit(& e can "ive notice to thelandlord throu"h the tahsil&

;@, Not"ce o$ e:ect4ent o$ ye%r3y ten%nts, . landlord who wishes to e)ect a

tenant at will can a!!l( to a nai tahsildar or tahsidar for the issue of a notice& 'he

a!!lication $ust e $ade in ti$e for service to e effected on or efore the 15 th of

Eove$er& #u)ect to that +ualification, the a!!lication can e lod"ed at an(( ti$e

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after the e"innin" of the a"ricultural (ear& 'he aove date is a ver( suitale one as it

falls efore the chart cro! has een co$!letel( cleared off the "round and efore the

winter rains& 'he tenant therefore "ets notice efore !lou"hin" for the harvests of the

next a"ricultural (ear e"ins&

;0, Contents o$ not"ce, 'he notice re+uires the tenant to "ive u! the landefore

the 1st of %a( and infor$s hi$ that if for an( reason he dis!utes his liailit( to

e)ect$ent, he $ust rin" a revenue suit for that !ur!ose within two $onths fro$ the

date of service& It also warns hi$ that, in the event of his havin" an( clai$ to receive

co$!ensation for i$!rove$ents or disturance efore e)ect$ent& e $ust, within two

$onths, !resent an a!!lication to an .ssistant -ollector of the first "rade& 'he

circu$stances under which such a clai$ arises will e discussed later& It is enou"h to

sa( here that if it is estalished e)ect$ent $ust e st(ed until it is satisfied&

;5, E:ect4ent order, 'he tenant $a( oe( the notice and relin+uish the land

efore the 1 %a(& If without institutin" a suit to contest liailit( to e)ect$ent or

lod"in" an a!!lication for !a($ent of co$!ensation& e si$!l( re$ains in

!ossession, the tahsildar, on ein" satisfied that the notice has een served !asses an

e)ect$ent order& If co$!ensation is clai$ed the order $ust e issued ( an .ssistant

-ollector of the first "rade& .n e)ect$ent order is enforced in the sa$e wa( as a

decree of a civil court for the !ossession of land& It can onl( e executed etween the

1 %a( and 15 Gune& ;allin" execution at the !ro!er ti$e the tenant is entitled to kee!the land for the next a"ricultural (ear& .!!lications for co$!ensation on account of

i$!rove$ents or disturance should edealt with !ro$!tl(& It is unfair that a landlord

should e ke!t out of his ri"hts ( the dilatoriness of a revenue officer&

;6, Protect"on o$ st%nd"n( cro!s, If, when the order is executed& It is found that

the tenant has cro!s standin" on an( !art of the land he $ust not e e)ected fro$ that

!art till the( ri!en and he has had a reasonale ti$e for harvestin" the$& Dn the

landlordFs a!!lication, the revenue officer who ordered the e)ect$ent $a( fix a fair rent to e !aid ( the tenant for his extended use of the and or the $a( value the cro!

and allow the landlord to take !ossession on !a(in" the a$ount into his office& here

the tenant has !re!ared land for sowin" ut has not sown it he $a( ask the revenue

officer to deter$ine what a$ount is due to hi$ fro$ the landlord on that account& is

ri"ht to receive an(thin" is contin"ent on his havin" acted confor$al( with local

usa"e in the $ethod of tilla"e ado!ted&

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;8, E:ect4ent o$ ten%nts $or % $"1ed ter4 %nd occu!%ncy ten%nts, #o far we

have een dealin" with the $ethod ( which a landlord can "et rid of a (earl( tenant&

'he law as re"ards the e)ect$ent of occu!anc( tenants is riefl( descried in

!ara"ra!h 213 of the #ettle$ent %anual ut it will e convenient to state it $ore full(here in connection with that which "overns the case of tenants for a fixed ter$

exceedin" one (ear under a lease or a decree or order of a co$!etent authorit(& .

tenant of the latter calls $a( throw u! his holdin" at the end of the ter$ without

"ivin" an( notice to his landlord& 'ill then he is like an occu!anc( tenant !rotected

fro$ e)ect$ent ( an( su$$ar( !rocess& . landlord seekin" to outset hi$ $ust rin"

a re"ular suit a"ainst hi$&

;9, Order $or e:ect4ent o$ occu!%ncy ten%nt $%"3"n( to s%t"s$y decree $orrent, 'here is one case in which su$$ar( !rocess can e used a"ainst an occu!anc(

tenant ut not a!!arentl( a"ainst a tenant for a fixed ter$ exceedin" one (ear& .n

.ssistant -ollector of the 1st "rade can order the e)ect$ent of an occu!anc( tenant

when a decree for an arrears of rent has een !assed and re$ains unsatisfied& Aut he

$ust first "ive the tenant an o!!ortunit( or satisf(in" the landlordFs clai$ ( warnin"

hi$ that e)ect$ent will e ordered unless within 15 da(s he !a(s the a$ount due into

the .ssistant -ollectorFs Dffice& 'hese !rovisions , if worked $echanicall( $a( cause

hardshi! where there is $uch difference etween the a$ount of the arrears and the

value of the tenant ri"ht& It $ust e orne in $ind that the tenant is often a ver(i"norant !erson& . considerate revenue officer will in such a case su$$on hi$ to

receive the written notice in his !resence and ex!lain to hi$ the result which will

follow on failure to !a( within the a!!ointed ti$e& 'here is no le"al o)ection to

"rantin" a short extension of ti$e for !a($ent for the issue of e)ect$ent order $a( e

deferred if "ood cause is shown for so doin"& 'he assistant -ollector should also

ascertain whether the tenant has an( clai$ to co$!ensation for i$!rove$ents or for

disturances& If he has it $ust e "one into efore an( further action is taken& here

an e)ect$ent order is !assed it can as rule as in the case of a tenant at will onl(executed etween the 1st %a( and 15th Gune& Aut where this li$itation would e unfair

to the landlord, as it $i"ht e for exa$!le where the tenant had dela(ed $atters ( a

asses clai$ for co$!ensation execution can e allowed at an( ti$e&

;;, Re4edy o$ ten%nt d"s!ossessed 2e$ore rece"!t o$ co4!ens%t"on due, If (

an( accident or $istake a tenant entitled to co$!ensation for i$!rove$ents or

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disturance or for the value of unharvested cro!s or the !re!aration of land for sowin"

is e)ected efore the a$ount due has een deter$ined he will not e reinstated ut he

can within one (ear fro$ the date of his dis!ossession, a!!l( to the court which

decreed or to the revenue officer who ordered his e)ect$ent to fix the su$ due and

re+uire the landlord to !a( it& .n order !assed on such a!!lication has the sa$e effectas a decree for $one(&

;=, Grounds o$ %ct"on $or e:ect4ent %nd re"nst%te4ent, 'he "rounds on which

an action for e)ect$ent $a( e rou"ht and the circu$stances under which a tenant

who considers that the has een wron"full( dis!ossessed $a( sue for reinstate$ent or

for co$!ensation will e dealt with in the cha!ter on evenue courts&

;>, Nu33"ty o$ entr"es "n records o$ r"(ts or %(ree4ents "ncre%s"n( 3%nd3ordBs!o&er o$ e:ect4ent, .n( clause in a record of ri"hts whenever $ade or in an

a"ree$ent $ade after the !assin" of .ct C

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soil for this involves a "ood deal of laour and the well will last for several (ears&

Aut the di""in" of a shallow kacha well of the ordinar( t(!e which waters a few

i"has of cro!s in the rai and falls in the rain( season& Is not i$!rove$ent&

=0, I4!ro#e4ents 2y 3%nd3ords, In a countr( of !easant !ro!rietors like theun)a the ulk of a"ricultural i$!rove$ents is $ade ( the landowners on lands

over which the( have full control& 'he +uestion of i$!rove$ents in tenants holdin" is

onl( of !ractical i$!ortance as re"ards those which are affected ( occu!anc( tenants

and the !articular class of i$!rove$ents known as Gan"al tarashi or clearance of

waste carried out ( tenants at will& It is true that ( .ct C

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revenue and cesses the rent for the !ur!ose of calculatin" co$!ensation $a( e taken

as four ti$e the land revenue& 'he sa$e rule a!!lies where no rent at all has een

!aid& .s the land was exh(!othesis waste when the tenant "ot it it will in $an( cases

not e assessed to land revenue& In such a case the aove !rovision $ust e

inter!reted as $eanin" that the rent $a( e assu$ed to e e+ual to four ti$es theland revenue reduced ( a!!l(in" to the holdin" the rate at which si$ilar cultivated

lands in the sa$e estate are assessed &

=8, I4!ro#e4ents 2y occu!%ncy ten%nts, 'he little of occu!anc( tenants to

$ake i$!rove$ents on their own holdin" is asserted in the 63rd section of the .ct&

Aut, when the un)a was first annexed and for $an( (ears afterwards their ri"ht to

do so was held to e su)ect to frei"ht restrictions& 'he !oints is reall( of little

!ractical i$!ortance now as the law is "enerall( well understood&

=9, Pro#"s"ons o$ te Ten%ncy Act %s to ten%nts "4!ro#e4ents, 'he first un)a

'enanc( .ct& CC

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Cont#nts

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SN Subj#ct

1. S$o%t t&t'#, #(t#nt an) )u%at&on

2. Defnitions

3. Po*#% to ta+# oss#ss&on o- an. /acant 'an)

4. Pa.0#nt o- co0#nsat&on

5. L#as# b. Co''#cto%

6. Po*#% o- Co''#cto% to )#t#%0&n# '#as# &n c#%ta&n

cas#s

7. D#'&/#%. o- oss#ss&on on t#%0&nat&on o- '#as#

8. P#na't. -o% -a&'u%# o- t$# t#nant to %o* -oo) o%-o))#% c%os

9. 2222222

10. Su0s )u# %#co/#%ab'# as a%%#a%s o- 'an)

%#/#nu#

11. Compliance o orders

12. D#'#at&on o- -unct&ons

13. Inst%u0#nt o- '#as# not n#c#ssa%.

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14. A#a' an) %#/&s&on

15. D#ba% to su&ts o% '#a' %oc##)&ns

16. Po*#% o- 3o/#%n0#nt to 0a+# %u'#s

UTILIZATION OF LANDS THE EAST PUNJAB UTILIZATION OF LANDS ACT,

1949

East Punjab Act No !" OF 1949

5#c#&/#) t$# ass#nt o- H&s E(c#''#nc. t$# o/#%no% 3#n#%a' on t$#

66n) No/#0b#% 1949, an) 7%st ub'&s$#) &n t$# East Punjab 3o/#%n0#nt

3a8#tt# E(t%ao%)&na%.: o- No/#0b#% 6;, 1949<

1 6 ! 4

=#a

%

No

S$o%t t&t'# >$#t$#% %##a'#) o%

ot$#%*&s# a?#ct#) b.

'#&s'at&on

194

9

38 ast !"n#a$

%tili&ation o

'ands (ct.

1949

(mended in part $) t*e

(daptation o la+s ,rder- 1950

(mended in part $) t*e

(daptation o 'a+s /*ird

(mendment ,rder- 1951

(mended in part $) !"n#a$ (ct 11

o 19512

(mended $) !"n#a$ (ct 32 o

19533

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19564


19575

tended to !eps" /erritor) $)

!"n#a$ (ct 5 o 19596

(mended $) !"n#a$ (ct o 19607

(n (ct to proide or t*e "tili&ation o lands in s!"n#a$

t is *ere$) enacted as ollo+s

1. 1 S$o%t t&t'#, #(t#nt an) )u%at&on /*is (ct ma) $e called t*e ast!"n#a$ %tili&ation o 'and (ct- 19491.

?2@ It extends to the whole of the 1L#tateM of 2Lun)aM&

?3@ N N N N&

5, De$"n"t"ons < In this .ct, unless there is an(thin" re!u"nant in the su)ect or context,

?a@ OA33otteeO has the $eanin" assi"ned to it under the ast un)a =is!laced

ersons ?Band esettle$ent@ .ct, 1949&

?@ OCo33ectorO $eans -ollector of the district where the land is situated&

?c@ OCustod"%nO has the $eanin" assi"ned to it in the .d$inistration of vacuee

ro!ert( Drdinance& 1949&

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?d@ E#%cuee L%nd $eans land which has vested in the -ustodian under the

!rovisions of the .d$inistration of vacuee ro!ert( Drdinance, 1949&

?e@ L%nd $enas land which is not uran land and is not occu!ied as the site of an(

uildin" in a town or villa"e, ut does not include land which is leased ( overn$ent or -ustodian under an( law other than this .ct&

?f@ O&ner $eans a !erson havin" a !ro!rietar( ri"ht in the land and includes an

allottee, a usufructuar( $ort"a"ee or a lessee&

?"@ Prescr"2edO $eans !rescried ( rules $ade under the .ct&

?h@ Ten%nt $eans a !erson to who$ land is leased ( the -ollector L2M under the

!rovisions of this .ct&

?i@ Ur2%n 3%nd $eans all land included with in the li$its of a -or!oration,

%unici!al -o$$ittee, Eotified .rea -o$$ittee, 'own .rea #$all 'own -o$$ittee and

-anton$ent&

! Po*#% to ta+# oss#ss&on o- an. /acant 'an)@ 11 Not+it*standin an) la+ to t*e contrar)- t*e

Collector ma) iss"e notice to t*e o+ner o an) land +*ic* *as not $een c"ltiated or t*e last si or more *arests

to s*o+ ca"se- +it*in t*irt) da)s o t*e date o t*e serice o s"c* notice on *im- +*) t*e land *as not $een

c"ltiated and in case t*e Collector does not fnd t*e eplanation to $e satisactor) *e ma) tae possession o t*eland ort*+it* or t*e p"rposes o t*is (ct

rovided that the -ollector $a( take !ossession of the land without issue of notice, if, in

his o!inion, the owner thereof has een wron"full( shown in the revenue records to have

cultivated the land which in fact has re$ained uncultivated for six or $ore harvests !rior to such

wron" entr(&M

?2@ 'he notice re+uired ( susection ?1@ shall e dee$ed to e dul( served if

delivered at, or sent ( !ost to the usual or last known !lace of residence of the owner>

rovided that no notice shall e dee$ed to e invalid on the "round of an( defect,

va"ueness or insufficienc(&

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1894

6

4 Pa.0#nt o- co0#nsat&on @ :*ere possession o an) land *as $een taen "nder t*e last precedinsection- compensation s*all $e paid in accordance +it* t*e proision o section 23 1 o t*e 'and (c;"isition (ct-

1894 (ct No.1 o 1894

rovided that fro$ the co$!ensation the -ollector shall e co$!etent to deduct the

ex!enditure, if an( incurred in relation to an( !reli$inar( !rocess incidental to the utiliation of

the said land or in connection with an( additional staff or services rendered necessar( for such

utiliation and co$!uted in the $anner !rescried& 'he alance shall e !aid to the !erson who

in his o!inion is entitled to receive the sa$e, without !re)udice to the ri"hts of an( other !erson

who $a( e lawfull( entitled to clai$ itM&

L#as# b. Co''#cto%@ :*ere t*e Collector *as taen possession o an) land

"nder section 3- *e ma) lease it to an) person on s"c* terms and conditions as *e

ma) deem fr or t*e p"rpose 3o ro+in ood and odder crops

2

Lrovided that the !eriod of lease shall not e less than 7 (ears or $ore than 20 (earsM&

6; Po*#% o- Co''#cto% to )#t#%0&n# '#as# &n c#%ta&n cas#s @ 1 a

person to +*om land *as $een leased "nder section 5 commits a $reac* o an) o

t*e terms and conditions t*ereo- t*e Collector- s*all +it*o"t pre#"dice to an) ot*er

ri*t or remed) aainst *im- *ae t*e po+er to determine t*e lease and tae

possession o t*e land.

?2@ here lease has een deter$ined ( the -ollector the lessee shall not e entitled

to an( co$!ensation&M


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D#'&/#%. o- oss#ss&on on t#%0&nat&on o- '#as# @ 1 :*ere an)

land taen possession o $) t*e Collector "nder section 3 is on t*e epir) o t*e

lease < < < 3 < < < to $e ret"rned to t*e o+ner- t*e Collector ma) ater main s"c*

in;"ir)- i an)- as *e considers necessar)= speci) $) order in +ritin t*e person to

+*om possession o t*e land s*all $e ien.

?1) 'he deliver( of !ossession of the land to the !erson s!ecified in an( order $ade

under susection ?1@ shall e a full dischar"e of the -ollector fro$ all liailit( in res!ect of such

deliver( ut shall not !re)udice an( ri"hts in res!ect of such deliver( ut shall not !re)udice an(

ri"hts in res!ect of the land which an( other !erson $a( e entitled ( due !rocess of law to

enforce a"ainst the !erson to who$ !ossession of the land is so delivered&

?3@ here the !erson to who$ !ossession of an( land is "iven cannot e found and

has no a"ent or other !erson e$!owered to acce!t deliver( on his ehalf, the -ollector shall

cause a notice declarin" that the land is released to e affixed on so$e cons!icuous !art of the

land&

?@ Dn issue of the notice referred to in susection ?3@ the land s!ecified in the

notice shall e dee$ed to have een delivered to the !erson entitled to the !ossession thereof,

and the overn$ent or tL4Mhe -ollector shall not e liale for an( co$!ensation or other clai$ in

res!ect of the land for an( !eriod after the said date&

>& Pen%3ty $or $%"3ure o$ te ten%nt to (ro& $ood or $odder cro!s < here the tenant fails

to "row food or fodder cor!s on the land leased to hi$, he shall esides the !a($ent of rent fixedunder section 5 e also liale to !a( a !enalt( not exceedin" twice such rent&

?& N N N N N N


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1 Su0s )u# %#co/#%ab'# as a%%#a%s o- 'an) %#/#nu# @ (ll s"ms d"e

"nder t*is (ct rom t*e o+ner or tenant s*all $e recoera$le as arrears o land

reen"e.

11& Co4!3"%nce o$ orders < 'he -ollector $a( take or cause to e taken such ste!s and use

or cause to e used such force as $a( in his o!inion e reasonal( necessar( for securin"

co$!liance with an( order $ade ( hi$ under this .ct&

12. D#'#at&on o- -unct&ons @ /*e Collector ma) deleate all or an) o *is

po+ers and "nctions "nder t*is (ct to an) o>cer o t*e ?een"e or ?e*a$ilitation

Department in *is district eit*er $) name or desination.

13. Inst%u0#nt o- '#as# not n#c#ssa%. @ Not+it*standin an)t*in contained

in an) la+ or t*e time $ein in orce no instr"ment in +ritin to ie e@ect to a

lease $) t*e Collector "nder t*e (ct s*all re;"ire stamp- attestation or reistration.

14. A#a' an) %#/&s&on @ 1 (n) person arieed $) an order passed $)

t*e Collector ma"- +it*in fteen da)s rom t*e date o s"c* order or s"c* loner

period as t*e Commissioner ma) allo+ or reasons to $e recorded in +ritin- preer

on appeal in +ritin to t*e Commissioner o Diision in +*ic* t*e land is sit"ate.

Explanation.In co$!utin" the !eriod of fifteen da(s, the ti$e taken in otainin" a certified

co!( of the order a!!ealed a"ainst shall e excluded&

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?1) Dn such a!!eal ein" !referred, the -o$$issioner $a( order sta( or L5Mfurther

!roceedin"s in the $atter !endin" decision on the a!!eal&

?3@ 'he -o$$issioner shall decide the a!!eal after "ivin" the !arties an o!!ortunit(

of ein" heard and if necessar(, after sendin" for the records of the case fro$ the -ollector and

after $akin" such en+uir( as he thinks fit either !ersonall( or throu"h the -ollector&

?4@ 'he #tate overn$ent or the ;inancial -o$$issioner authoried ( it in this

ehalf $a(, at an( ti$e, for the !ur!ose of satisf(in" itself or hi$self as to the le"alit( or

!ro!riet( of an( order !assed ( an( officer under this, .ct, call for and exa$ine the records of an( case !endin" efore or dis!osed of ( such officer and $a(, after "ivin" the !arties a

reasonale o!!ortunit( of ein" heard, !ass such order in reference thereto as $a( e dee$ed

fit&

?5@ xce!t as !rovided in this .ct no order $ade or action taken in exercise of an(

!ower conferred ( this .ct shall e called into +uestion in an( court or efore an( officer or

authorit(&M

15. D#ba% to su&ts o% '#a' %oc##)&ns @ 1 No s"it- prosec"tion or ot*er

leal proceedins s*all $e instit"tion aainst an) person or an) t*in +*ic* is- in

ood ait* done or intended to $e done "nder t*is (ct.

?2@ Eo suit or other le"al !roceedin"s shall lie a"ainst the Lovern$entM for an(

da$a"e caused ( an(thin" which is, in "ood faith done or intended to e done under this .ct&


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16. Po*#% o- 3o/#%n0#nt to 0a+# %u'#s @ /*e State Aoernment ma)

$)6 notifcation mae r"les or carr)in o"t t*e proisions o t*is (ct.

1;or #tate$ent of D)ects and easons, see ast un)a overn$ent aette ?xtraordinar(@, 1949, !a"e 1130* for

!roceedin"s in the .sse$l(, see ast un)a Be"islative .sse$l( =etes,

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1#ection 9 o$itted ( un)a .ct 11 of 1951, section 8&

1#ection 14 sustituted ( un)a .ct 1 of 1960, section 2&

1#ustituted for that word O-rownO ( the .da!tation of Baws Drder, 1950&

2#ustituted for the word OrovincialO ( the .da!tation of Baws Drder, 1950&

3;or ules see un)a "overn$ent notification Eo& 1768;50P786, dated 20th ;eruar

THE PEPSU TENANC= AND A35ICULTU5AL LANDS ACT, 19

ACT NO 1! OF 19 :

Cont#nts

SN Subj#ct

1 !?'BN(?

6 5ESE5ATION OE LAND FO5 PE5SONAL CULLTIATION

! 3ENE5AL 5I3HTS OF TENANC=

4 ACUISITION OF P5OPIETA5= 5I3HTS B= TENANTS

CEILIN3 ON LAND AND AUISITION AND DISPOSAL

OF SU5PLUS A5EA

; CONSTITUTION OF LAND COISSION

BSC''(N,%S

http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch1http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch2http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch3http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4ahttp://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4ahttp://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(2).htmhttp://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(2).htm#ch5http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch1http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch2http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch3http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4ahttp://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(1).htm#ch4ahttp://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(2).htmhttp://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(2).htm#ch5

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[ Received the assent of the President on the 4 th March, 1955, andwas rst published in the PATA!A A"# $A%T P&"'A( %TAT$%

&")" *A+$TT$, $traordinar-, of the 4th March, 1955./

1 2 3 4

ear No. S*ort title :*et*er a@ected $) later

leislation

1955

1955

13

13

/*e !eps"

/enanc) and

(ric"lt"ral

'ands (ct-

1955

.$ended (

!eps" (ct No. 27 o 1955.

!eps" (ct No. 9 o 1956.

!eps" (ct No. 15 o 1956.

!"n#a$ (ct No. 43 o 1957.

!"n#a$ (ct No. 3 o 1959.

!"n#a$ (ct No. 16 o 1962.

!"n#a$ (ct No. 27 o 1962.

!"n#a$ (ct No 11 o 1968.

!"n#a$ (doption o 'a+s

State and Conc"rrent

s"$#ects ,rder1968

!"n#a$ (ct No. 29 o 1969

?epealed $) !"n#a$ (ct

10 o 1973..

http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/pepsu_tanact55(2).htm#ch5

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An Act to a0end and consolidate the law, relatin to tenancies of

aricultural lands and to provide for certain 0easures of land

refor0s/

t is *ere$) enacted in t*e Sit* ear o t*e ?ep"$lic o ndia

as ollo+s

CHAPTE5 1

P5ELIINA5=

1 1 /*is (ct ma) $e called t*e !!S% /enanc) and(ric"lt"ral 'ands (ct- 1955.

2 /*e proisions o section 7( and C*apter - ( and E

s*all sae as ot*er+ise proided in t*ose proisions- come into orce

on t*e date o commencement o t*e !eps" /enanc) and

(ric"lt"ral 'ands Second (mendment (ct- 1956- $"t t*e

remainin proisions s*all come into orce on t*e sit* da) o Barc*-

1955.

6 n t*is (ct- "nless t*e contet ot*er+ise re;"ires=

a FallotteeG means a displaced person or a ro"p o s"c*

persons to +*om land is allotted in p"rs"ance o t*e sc*eme

contained in t*e notifcation o t*e Department o

?e*a$ilitation No. 9?- dated t*e 23rd H"l)- 1949- or in p"rs"ance

o an) ot*er sc*eme or allotment o eac"ee land to displaced

persons +*ic* t*e State Aoernment ma)- $) notifcation in

t*e ,>cial Aa&ette- speci) or t*e p"rpose o t*is (ct- andincl"des

i t*e leal representaties o s"c* displaced

persons= and

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ii in t*e case o an allotment to a ro"p o displaced

persons- eac* s"c* person and *is leal representaties=

$ I$an#ar landG means land +*ic* *as remained "nc"ltiated

or a contin"o"s period o not less t*an o"r )ears immediatel)precedin t*e date on +*ic* t*e ;"estion +*et*er s"c* land is

$an#ar or not arises=

$$ FCollector *as t*e meanin assined to it in t*e !"n#a$ 'and

?een"e (ct- 1887 !"n#a$ (ct J o 1887- and incl"des an)

o>cer not $elo+ t*e ran o an (ssistant Collector speciall)

empo+ered $) t*e State =Aoernment to perorm all or an) o

t*e "nctions assined to t*e Collector "nder t*is (ct..

c ICommissionerG *as t*e meanin assined to it in t*e !"n#a$

'and ?een"e (ct- 1887 !"n#a$ (ct =J o 1887- =and

incl"des an) ot*er o>cer speciall) empo+ered $) t*e State

Aoernment to perorm all or an) o t*e "nctions assined to

t*e Commissioner "nder t*is (ct=

d Ieac"ee landG means land +*ic* is or +*ic* is deemed to

$e eac"ee propert) "nder t*e (dministration o ac"ee

!ropert) (ct- 1950 JJJ o 1950=

e IK*ana damadG means a person +*o *ain married t*e

da"*ter o a lando+ner *ain no male iss"e lies alon +it*

*is +ie in t*e *o"se o *is at*erinla+ and +*o accordin to

t*e c"stom is treated $) *im as *is son=

Ilando+nerG *as t*e meanin assined to it in t*e !"n#a$

'and ?een"e (ct- 1887 !"n#a$ (ct J o 1887- and

incl"des an allottee=

$planation n respect o land mortaed +it* possession- t*e

mortaee s*all $e deemed to $e t*e lando+ner=

t*e epression Ito c"ltiate personall)G +it* its rammatical

ariations and conate epressions means to c"ltiate on oneGs

o+n acco"nt

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i $) oneGs o+n la$o"r- or

ii $) t*e la$o"r o s"c* o oneGs relaties- as ma) $e

prescri$ed- or

ii $) serants or *ired la$o"r=

* I!rescri$edG means prescri$ed $) r"les made "nder t*is (ct=

i Istandard acreG is a meas"re o land conerti$le +it*

reerence to t*e )ield rom- and t*e ;"alit) o- t*e soil- into an

ordinar) acre accordin to t*e prescri$ed scale.

# IStateG means t*e territories o t*e State o !"n#a$ +*ic*-

immediatel) $eore t*e st Noem$er- 1956- ormed part o t*e

State o !atiala and ast !"n#a$ State %nion.=

ItenantG *as t*e meanin assined to it in t*e !"n#a$ /enanc)

(ct- 1887 !"n#a$ (ct J o 1887- $"t does not incl"de a

person

i +*o *olds a ri*t o occ"panc)- or

ii +*o is relatie o t*e tenant +it*in t*e meanin o s"$

cla"se 2 o cla"se =

l It*e !residentGs (ctG means t*e !atiala and ast !"n#a$

States %nion /enanc) and (ric"lt"ral 'ands (ct- 1953

!residentGs (ct 8 o 1953=

m all ot*er +ords and epressions "sed *erein and not

defned $"t defned in t*e !"n#a$ /enanc) (ct- 1887 !"n#a$

(ct J o 1887- or t*e !"n#a$ 'and ?een"e (ct-1887 !"n#a$

(ct J o 1887- s*all *ae t*e meanins assined to t*em in

eit*er o t*ose (cts.

! 1 I !ermissi$le limitG or t*e land p"rposes o t*is (ct

means t*irt) standard acres o land and +*ere s"c* t*irt) standard

acres on $ein on $ein conerted into ordinar) acres eceed ei*t)

acres- s"c* ei*t) acres

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!roided t*at in t*e case o an allottee-

a +*o *as $een allotted land eceedin ort) standard acres-

t*e permissi$le limit s*all $e ort) standard acres and +*ere

s"c* ort) standard acres on $ein conerted into ordinar)acres eceed one *"ndred acres- s"c* one *"ndred acres= and

$ +*o *as $een allotted land eceedin t*irt) standard acres-

$"t not eceedin ort) standard acres- t*e permissi$le limit

s*all e;"al to t*e area o land allotted to *im

$planation- Lor t*e p"rposes o determinin t*e permissi$le limit

o an allottee- t*e proisions o t*e proiso s*all not appl) to t*e

*eirs and s"ccessors o t*e allottee to +*om land is allotted.

2 Lor t*e p"rposes o comp"tin t*e permissi$le limit "nder

s"$section 1M

a. +*ere a person *olds some land as a lando+ner and some

ot*er land as an allottee $ot* inds o land s*all $e incl"ded=

$. land occ"pied $) an occ"panc) tenant s*all not $e incl"ded

in t*e *oldin o t*e land o+ner $"t it s*all e incl"ded in t*e

*oldin o t*e occ"panc) tenant in =+*om proprietar) ri*ts in

respect o s"c* land est "nder t*e !eps" ,cc"panc) /enants

estin o !roprietar) ?i*ts (ct 1954 18 o 1954=

c. :*ere a lando+ner o+ns land #ointl) +it* ot*er lando+ners

*is s*are o s"c* land as ascertained rom t*e record o ri*ts

s*all alone $e incl"ded=

d. :*ere a lando+ner died +it*in a period o si mont*s rom

t*e commencement o t*e !residentGs (ct t*e permissi$le limit

s*all $e determined +it* reerence to t*e land +*ic* *asdeoled "pon eac* o *is s"ccessorsininterest- incl"din and

land *eld $) s"c* s"ccessorsininterest immediatel) $eore

t*e deat* o t*e lando+ner=

e. (n) transer o land made $) t*e =lando+ner ater t*e

commencement o t*e !residentGs (ct s*all $e disrearded=

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< < < <

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1. +*ose permissi$le limit *as $een altered "nder t*e !eps"

/enenc) and (ric"lt"ral 'ands Second (mendment (ct 1956

or

2.

+*o on acco"nt o t*e proisions contained in s"$section2on section 7( is not entitled to res"me resere land or an) part

t*ereo- or

3. in t*e case o an allottee +*ose allotment *as $een modifed

or reised ater t*e commencement o t*e !residentGs (ct-

s*all $e entitled-

a. in an) case +*ere *e *as resered land or personal

c"ltiation "nder section 5- to resere additional land orpersonal c"ltiation-

$. in an) case +*ere *e +as not entitled to resere land or

personal c"ltiation- to resere s"c* land or personal

c"ltiation-

not later t*an t*e epir) o si mont*s rom t*e date

commencement o t*e (ct reerred to in cla"se 1 and t*e

proisions o section 5 s*all so ar as ma) $e appl) to reseration o land or personal c"ltiation "nder t*is section as t*e) appl) to

reseration o land or personal c"ltiation "nder t*at section

; 1 /*e Collector s*all in respect o eer) land o+ner noti)

in s"c* orm and manner as ma) $e prescri$ed t*e partic"lars o all

lands resered or t*e personal c"ltiation o t*e lando+ner "nder

section 5 2or section 5(- as t*e case ma) $e

2 ( cop) o eer) notifcation iss"ed "nder s"$section1 s*all as

soon as ma) $e- $e sered "pon t*e lando+ner concerned in t*e

prescri$ed manner.

CHAPTE5 III

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3ENE5AL 5I3HTS OF TENANC=

1 No tenanc) s*all $e terminated ecept in

accordance +it* t*e proisions o t*is (ct or ecept o an) t*e

ollo+in ro"nds- namel) a < < < < cient ca"se- ailed to

c"ltiate personall) s"c* land in t*e manner and to t*e etent

c"stomar) in t*e localit) in +*ic* s"c* land is sit"ated=

e t*at t*e tenant *as "sed s"c* land or an) part t*ereo in a

manner +*ic* is liel) to render t*e land "nft or t*e p"rpose

or +*ic* it +as leased to *im=

t*at t*e tenant - on demand in +ritin $) t*e lando+ner- *as

re"sed to eec"te a 2abuli-at areein to pa) rent in respecto *is tenanc) in accordance +it* t*e proisions o sections 9

and 10.

12 < < <

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A 1 S"$#ect to t*e proisions o s"$sections 2 and 3- a

tenanc) s"$sistin at t*e commencement o t*e !eps" /enanc) and

(ric"lt"ral 'andsSecond (mendment (ct 1956 ma) $e

terminated on t*e ollo+in ro"nds in addition to t*e ro"nds

specifed in section 7- namel)

a. t*at t*e land comprisin t*e tenanc) *as $een resered $)

t*e lando+ner or *is personal c"ltiation in accordance +it*

t*e proisions o C*apter=

$. t*at t*e lando+ner o+ns t*irt) standard acres or less o land

and t*e land alls +it*in *is permissi$le limit

!roided t*at no tenant 3ot*er t*an a tenant o a lando+ner +*o is

mem$er o t*e (rmed Lorces o t*e %nion s*all $e e#ected "nder

t*is s"$section

i rom an) area o land i t*e area "nder t*e personal

c"ltiation o t*e tenant does not eceed fe standard acres-

or

ii rom an area o fe stand acres- i t*e area "nder t*e

personal c"ltiation o t*e tenant eceeds fe standard

acres- "ntil *e is allotted $) t*e State Aot. (lternatie land o e;"ialent al"e in standard acres.

2 No tenant- +*o immediatel) precedin t*e commencement

o t*e !residentGs (ct *as *eld an) land contin"o"sl) or a period o

t+ele )ears or more "nder t*e same lando+ner or *is predecessor

in title- s*all $e e#ected on t*e ro"nds specifed in s"$section 1

a. rom an) area o land- i t*e area "nder t*e personal

c"ltiation o t*e tenant does not eceed fteen standardacres- or

$. rom an area o fteen standard acres- i t*e area "nder

t*e personal c"ltiation o t*e tenant eceeds fteen

standard acres

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!roided t*at not*in in t*is s"$section s*all appl) to t*e

tenant o a lando+ner +*o- $ot*- at t*e commencement o t*e

tenanc) and t*e commencement o t*e !residentGs (ct- +as a

+ido+- a minor- an "nmarried +oman- a mem$er o t*e (rmed

Lorces o t*e %nion or a person incapa$le o c"ltiatin land $)reason o p*)sical or mental infrmit).

E('anat&on n comp"tin t*e period o t+ele )ears- t*e period

d"rin +*ic* an) land *as $een *eld "nder t*e same =lando+ner or

*is predecessor in title $) t*e at*er- $rot*er or son o t*e tenant

s*all $e incl"ded.

3 Lor t*e p"rpose o comp"tin "nder s"$section 1 and

2 t*e area o land "nder t*e personal c"ltiation o la tenant- =an)area o land o+ned $) t*e tenant and "nder *is personal c"ltiation

s*all $e incl"ded.

" S"$#ect to t*e proisions o section 7- eer) tenant admitted

ater t*e commencement o t*e !eps" /enanc) and (ric"lt"ral

'ands Second (mendment (ct- 1956- s*all *old land or a

minim"m term o t*ree )ears

!roided t*at not*in *erein s*all appl) to t*e tenant o a

person +*o is a +ido+- a minor- an "nmarried +oman- a mem$er o

t*e (rmed Lorces o t*e %nion- or a person incapa$le o c"ltiatin

land $) reason o p*)sical or mental infrmit).

"@A 1 Not+it*standin an)t*in to t*e contrar) contained

in t*e !"n#a$ !reemption (ct- 1913- asale o land comprisin t*e

tenanc) o a tenant made to *im $) t*e lando+ner s*all not $e

preempti$le "nder t*e !"n#a$ !reemption (ct- 1913- and no decree

o preemption passed ater t*e commencement o t*is (ct inrespect o an) s"c* sale o land s*all $e eec"ted $) an) co"rt.

2 :*ere- ater t*e commencement o t*e !residentGs (ct- a

tenant- to +*om t*e land comprisin= *is tenanc) is sold $) t*e

lando+ner- *as $een dispossessed o s"c* land $) a preemptor in

eec"tion o a decree or preemption or ot*er+ise- t*e tenant so

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dispossessed s*all in t*e manner prescri$ed *ae t*e option eit*er

to p"rc*ase t*e land rom t*e preemptor on pa)ment o t*e price

paid to t*e tenant $) t*e preemptor on t*e same terms and

conditions on +*ic* it +as *eld $) *im immediatel) $eore t*e sale-

on an application made $) *im to an (ssistant Collector o t*e frstrade *ain #"risdiction +it*in a period o one )ear rom t*e

commencement o t*e !eps" /enanc) and (ric"lt"ral 'ands

(mendment ,rdinance- 1958.

3 ,n receipt o an application "nder s"$section 2 t*e

(ssistant Collector s*all- ater iin to t*e parties notice in +ritin

and a reasona$le opport"nit) o $ein *eard- determine t*e claim

s"mmaril)- and s*all eep a memorand"m o eidence and a ist o

*is fnal order +it* $rie reason t*ereor.

"@B 1 :*ere- ater t*e commencement o t*e !residents (ct- land

comprisin t*e tenanc) o a tenant is mortaed to *im +it*

possession $) t*e lando+ner and s"c* land is s"$se;"entl)

redeemed $) t*e lando+ner- t*e tenant s*all- not+it*standin s"c*

redemption or an) ot*er la+ or t*e time $ein in orce- $e deemed

to $e t*e tenant o t*e lando+ner in respect o s"c* land on t*e

same terms and conditions on +*ic* it +as *eld $) *im immediatel)

$eore t*e eec"tion o t*e mortae as i t*e mortae

revenue 2

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