Retrieving Data from RCRAInfo: Basic SQL Training

2005 RCRAInfo National Users ConferenceAugust 2 – 5, 2005

Nashville, TN

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DEFINITIONS

SQL: Structured Query Language (SQL) – Standard language for interacting with

Relational Databases.

SQL*Plus: Oracle tool that recognizes and submits SQL commands.

TABLE: Structure which holds data and is comprised of columns and rows.

COLUMN: Field representing one kind of data in a table.

ROW: One set of fields.

VALUE: Data represented by the intersection of a row and column.

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How to log on to the RCRAInfo testing/development database

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HOW DO YOU ENTER COMMANDS IN SQL*PLUS?

• Typing from the keyboard

• Copy and paste (Ctrl-c, Ctrl-v) from/to Windows clipboard

• Use the edit command to manipulate the current SQL query

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LIST OF USEFUL SQL*PLUS COMMANDS

spool filename – Records your session in a file.spool off – Closes the spool file.desc tablename – Enables you to view the structure of a table.

start filename.ext – Run/executes a previously saved file.

@filename.ext – Run/executes a previously saved file.

run – Displays and runs the current SQL statement in the buffer.

get filename.ext – Gets a SQL file and places it into the buffer.

/ – Runs command in the SQL buffer.

BUFFER EDITING COMMANDS

L[ist] – Lists contents of buffer. The * is the current line. You must select the line to modify.

C[hange]/old string/newstring – Change string on the current line.

I[NPUT] text – Adds one or more lines after the current line. Enter a carriage return on a line by itself or semicolon to terminate input mode.

DEL – Deletes the current line.

ED or EDIT – Invokes host text editor.

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SELECT DEFAULT FOLDER/WORKING LIBRARY

1. From SQL*PLUS logon

2. Select File/Open

3. Select file to set link

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BASIC QUERY

SELECT … column name(s)

FROM … table name(s)

WHERE … (condition)

GROUP BY … (grouping multiple rows into one row)

ORDER BY … (specific order)

Whenever you have a SELECT, you must also have a FROM clause

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TABLE STRUCTUREDESCRIBE command:

SQL> desc all_objects;

Name Null? Type

------------------------------- -------- ----

OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)

OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER

DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER

OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(15)

CREATED NOT NULL DATE

LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE

TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)

STATUS VARCHAR2(7)

TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)

GENERATED VARCHAR2(1)

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List all objects (tables, views, synonyms, indexes, triggers, etc)

SELECT OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE FROM ALL_OBJECTS WHERE OWNER = 'RCRA'

AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE';

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE

------------------------------ ------------------

AAREA TABLE

ACA_AUTHORITY TABLE

AEVENT TABLE

ALN_AREA_EVENT TABLE

ALN_EVENT_AUTHORITY TABLE

ASTATUTE_CITATION TABLE

BARRT_COLUMN_INFORMATION TABLE

BREPORT_CYCLE TABLE

C6002FED3 TABLE

CCITATION3 TABLE

CCOMMITMENT3 TABLE

CDX_CONTACTS TABLE

CDX_PERMISSIONS TABLE

CENFORCEMENT TABLE

CENFORCEMENT3 TABLE

CEVALUATION TABLE

CEVALUATION3 TABLE

CEVALUATION_AREA TABLE

CLN_COMPLIANCE_SCHEDULE TABLE

CLN_EVALUATION_COMMITMENT3 TABLE

CLN_EVALUATION_VIOLATION TABLE

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SELECT SPECIFIC ROW(S)

WHERE condition

COMPARISON OPERATORS:

= [NOT] IN (list)

!= or <> [NOT] LIKE string pattern (Wildcards % _ )

> [NOT] BETWEEN x and y

< IS [NOT] NULL

>=

<=

LOGICAL OPERATORS:

AND

OR

NOT

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select * from lu_violation_type;

OW VIOLATION_ U A VIOLATION_TYPE_DESC

-- ---------- - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

USERID LAST_CHAN

------ ---------

HELP_NOTES

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HQ 260.C 1 Y HW Management System: Rulemaking Petitions

CONV3 12-APR-05

HQ 261.A 1 Y ID and Listing of HW: General

CONV3 12-APR-05

HQ 261.B 1 Y ID and Listing of HW: Criteria for Identifying the Characteristics of HW and for

CONV3 12-APR-05

HQ 261.C 1 Y ID and Listing of HW: Characteristics of HW

CONV3 12-APR-05

select count(* ) from lu_violation_type;COUNT(*)

--------------

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EXAMPLE OF COMPARISON AND LOGICAL OPERATORS

spool equal.txtselect handler_id, violation_type, former_citation, determined_date, notesfrom cviolation3where handler_id = 'FLR000050369'/spool off

HANDLER_ID VIOLATION_ FORMER_CITATION DETERMINE NOTES

------------ ---------- --------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------

FLR000050369 279.C FR - 279.22 C 21-JAN-05 LABELLING- Former Owner and Type: FL UOR

FLR000050369 279.C FR - 279.22 D 21-JAN-05 SMALL DISCHARGES- Former Owner and Type: FL UOR

FLR000050369 279.C FR - 279.46 21-JAN-05 ACCEPTANCE RECORD INFORMATION INCOMPLETE- Former O

FLR000050369 279.C FR - 279.72 21-JAN-05 NO ANALYSIS- Former Owner and Type: FL UOR

spool and.txtselect handler_id, violation_type, former_citation, determined_datefrom cviolation3where violation_type = '279.C' and former_citation = 'FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D'/spool off

HANDLER_ID VIOLATION_ FORMER_CITATION DETERMINE

------------ ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------

FLR000062208 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D 18-OCT-04

FLD982138117 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D 30-JUN-04

FL9170024260 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D 23-JUN-04

FLR000113662 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D 27-OCT-04

FLR000113159 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D 30-SEP-04

FLR000113266 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D 15-OCT-04

FLR000110668 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.22 D 29-JUL-04

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LIKE string pattern (wildcard)

spool like.txtselect handler_id, violation_type, former_citation, determined_datefrom cviolation3where handler_id like 'FL%‘/spool off

HANDLER_ID VIOLATION_ FORMER_CITATION DETERMINE

------------ ---------- ----------------------------------- ---------

FL0000001735 279.C SR - 62-710.500 1 A 28-APR-04

FL0000001735 262.A SR - 62-730.150 5 F.A.C 08-JAN-96

FL0000002527 262.A FR - 265.173 A 18-NOV-98

FL0000002527 262.A FR - 262.34 D 5 18-NOV-98

FL0000002535 262.A SS - 376.3078 7 A 17-MAR-98

FL0000002535 262.A SR - 62-730.150 7 17-MAR-98

FL0000002584 262.A FS - 262.34 A 3 12-AUG-04

FL0000002584 262.A FS - 262.34 D 4 12-AUG-04

FL0000013938 263.A 09-AUG-95

FL0000013938 263.B 09-AUG-95

FL0000013938 263.A 09-AUG-95

FL0000013938 279.C FR - 40 CFR 279.45 E 24-MAR-97

FL0000014555 262.A FR - 262.34 A 3 02-JUL-01

FL0000014555 262.A FR - 262.34 C 2 02-JUL-01

FL0000014555 262.A FR - 265.54 D 02-JUL-01

FL0000014555 279.C FR - 279.22 D 3 02-JUL-01

FL0000014555 279.C FR - 279.22 C 1 13-JUN-97

FL0000014555 262.A FR - 40 CFR 262.11 06-JUL-93

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IN [list]

spool in.txtselect owner, penalty_type, active_status, penalty_descfrom lu_penalty_typewhere usage in ('0', '1','3','5','7','9')/spool off

OW PEN A PENALTY_DESC

-- --- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HQ PA N Proposed Monetary Penalty

HQ FA N Final Monetary Penalty

HQ FC N Final SEP Cost

HQ CR N Final SEP Credit

HQ SCR Y SEP CREDIT

HQ FMP Y FINAL MONETARY PENALTY

HQ FSC Y FINAL SEP COST

HQ PMP Y PROPOSED MONETARY PENALTY

HQ ZAP Y ZERO ABILITY TO PAY

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NOT IN [list]spool not_in.txtselect handler_id, enforcement_date, agency, enforcement_typefrom cenforcement3where enforcement_type not in ('105','310','410')and handler_id like 'FL%‘/spool off

HANDLER_ID ENFORCEME A ENF

------------ --------- - ---

FL0000001735 08-JAN-96 S 110

FL0000001735 03-MAY-04 S 110

FL0000002535 13-MAY-98 S 115

FL0000002535 27-APR-98 S 125

FL0000002584 12-AUG-04 S 110

FL0000013938 17-SEP-97 S 312

FL0000013938 11-SEP-96 S 415

FL0000013938 26-SEP-95 S 115

FL0000013938 09-AUG-95 S 125

FL0000014555 13-JUN-97 S 110

FL0000014555 27-OCT-95 S 125

FL0000014555 07-OCT-93 S 312

FL0000014555 02-SEP-93 S 115

FL0000014555 07-JUL-93 S 125

FL0000014555 02-JUL-01 S 110

FL0000015008 21-OCT-97 S 110

FL0000015016 10-DEC-97 S 110

FL0000015321 16-OCT-03 S 115

FL0000015321 22-SEP-03 S 125

FL0000015321 23-MAR-04 S 312

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GROUP BYspool groupby.txtselect activity_location, agency, count(handler_id)from cevaluation3where evaluation_start_date >= '01-Jan-2003'group by activity_location, agency/spool off

AC A COUNT(*)

-- - ---------

AK E 92

AL C 1

AL E 4

AL S 762

AL X 18

AR E 1

AR S 222

AZ E 18

AZ S 176

CA B 779

CA C 1

CA E 149

CA S 324

CA X 4

The GROUP BY statement groups all rows with the same column value.

The function “count” returns the number of rows that satisfy the condition in the WHERE clause

GROUP BY also acts like the ORDER BY clause

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SPECIFIC ORDEROrder by COLUMN asc [desc]

Specify the order in which the results of the query are to be displayed.

spool orderby.txtselect activity_location, handler_id, agency, evaluation_start_datefrom cevaluation3where activity_location = 'AZ'and evaluation_start_date >= '01-Jan-2004'and agency = 'E'order by handler_id, evaluation_start_date

/spool off

AC HANDLER_ID A EVALUATIO-- ------------ - ---------AZ AZ0000337360 E 27-OCT-04AZ AZ0000962530 E 17-JUN-04AZ AZD000819615 E 22-JUN-04AZ AZD009015389 E 14-APR-04AZ AZD009015389 E 21-MAY-04AZ AZD037612702 E 23-JUN-04AZ AZD980735179 E 16-JUN-04AZ AZD980818090 E 30-NOV-04AZ AZD981421449 E 24-JUN-04AZ AZD982014631 E 29-NOV-04AZ AZD982418204 E 02-DEC-04AZ AZD982441263 E 12-FEB-04AZ AZD983481813 E 29-JUN-04AZ AZR000000943 E 21-JUN-04AZ AZR000030452 E 30-JUN-04AZ AZR000031856 E 25-JUN-04AZ AZR000042184 E 28-JUN-04AZ AZR000500355 E 01-DEC-04

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SOME TIPS

Only ask for what you need, and know your data.

Know the characteristics (size, number of records) of your tables.

Different queries can return the same result. Experiment for best performance.

Style is important. If it is readable, it will be reusable.

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Editing Commands

Command Description

APPEND text Adds text to the end of the current line.

CHANGE /old / new / Changes old text to new in the current line.

DEL Deletes current line.

INPUT Inserts an indefinite number of lines.

INPUT text Inserts a line consisting of text.

LIST Lists all lines in the SQL buffer.

N Specifies the line to make the current line.

0 text Inserts a line before line 1.

File CommandsCommand Description

SAVE filename.ext Save contents of SQL buffer to a file. If no file name is specified, the buffer is saved to afied.buf.

START filename.ext Runs a previously saved file.

"@filename.ext" Runs a previously saved file

RUN Displays and runs the current SQL statement in the buffer.

EDIT filename.ext Invokes the editor to edit contents of a saved file. If no file name is specified, the contents of the

SQL buffer is saved and then edited in file afiedt.buf.

Environment CommandsCommand Description

SET ECHO {ON|OFF} Display SQL statement along with SQL statement results.

SET FEEDBACK {ON|OFF} Display the number of records returned by a query.

SET HEADING {ON|OFF} Display column headings with SQL statement results.

SET LINESIZE n Set the number characters per line to n.

SET PAGESIZE n Set the number of lines per page to n.

SET TERMOUT {ON|OFF} Display output on screen

SET VERIFY {ON|OFF} Display the text of a command before and after it replaces a substitution variable with values.

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Input/Output CommandsCommand Description

SPOOL filename.ext Send output to a file.

SPOOL {OFF|OUT} OFF closes the SPOOL file. OUT closes the spool file and sends the output to the system printer.

&user_variable If user_variable does not exist, SQL*Plus will prompt for a value.SQL*Plus immediately discards it when used.

&&user_variable If user_variable does not exist, SQL*Plus will prompt for a value only once and will store the value for reuse.

DEFINE Display all user variables.

DEFINE variable = value Creates a CHAR type user variable and assigns the value to it.

ACCEPT variable {PROMPT text} Prompts the user with text then accepts the user input and assigns the value to variable.

UNDEFINE variable Discards the specified variable.

VARIABLE variable datatype Creates a variable of the type datatype.

PRINT variable Displays the value of variable.

Format CommandsCommand Description

COLUMN Displays settings for all columns.

COLUMN column CLEAR Clears all settings for the specified column.

COLUMN column {HEADING text} Sets the column heading and justification. Specifies a format.

{JUSTIFY align} {FORMAT format} for the column results and text to be displayed in place of null values.

{NULL text}

TTITLE text Specifies text as a header to be placed at the top of each page.

BTITLE text Specifies text as a footer to appear at the bottom of each page.

BREAK Displays breaks for all columns.

CLEAR BREAK Clears all breaks.

BREAK {ON report_element} Set break to suppress display of duplicate values for the specified report_element.

Other CommandsCommand Description

HOST command Executes an operating system command from within SQL*Plus.

DESCRIBE tablename Lists the names, status, and datatypes of columns for a table.

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QUESTIONS?