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Retrieval Practice: The roads between research and practice Efrat Furst The US National Archive by Flicker Haninge, Sweden, March 10th 2018

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  • Retrieval Practice: The roads between research and practice

    Efrat Furst

    The US National Archive by Flicker

    Haninge, Sweden, March 10th 2018

  • • Neuroscience of Retrieval

    • Cognitive Science : Retrieval Practice

    • Guidelines for application

    • Barriers for Students and for Teachers

    • Reasons, Solutions?

    • Education – Research Communication

    A Journey from Neuroscience to the Classroom

    Retrieval Practice

    Images: pixabay

  • What does the brain do?

  • Interacting with the Environment

    Senses

    Long Term Memory

    Motion

  • Neural Representations

    Senses

    Motion

    Long Term Memory

  • Encoding Consolidation Storage Retrieval

    Neuroscience of Retrieval

    New concept

    Existing concepts

    inactive

    plasticity

  • EncodingActive

    ConsolidationBuilding connections

    StorageInactive

    Based on: Nader and Hardt, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2009

    Understanding Retrieval

  • EncodingActive

    ConsolidationBuilding connections

    StorageInactive

    RetrievalReactivation

    Based on: Nader and Hardt, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2009

    Re-

  • Reconsolidation in Human Memory

    Monday Wednesday Friday

    A

    B

    List A List B

    Hupbach, Gomez, Hardt, Nadel, Learning & Memory, 2007

    =

    List A - TEST

  • Monday Wednesday Friday

    A

    B

    List A List B List A - TEST

    Hupbach, Gomez, Hardt, Nadel, Learning & Memory, 2007

    = >

    Reconsolidation in Human Memory

    LTM

  • Retrieval and Reconsolidation

    ActivationMalleability Long-Term modification

    UpdatingMemories

    Eyewitness testimonyMemory Illusions

    Erasing Memories

    Animal modelsFuture: trauma, phobia

    Enhancing Memory

    Cognitive Psychology

  • Karpicke & Roediger, Science 2008:

    Experiment: 40 students learned 40 words in a new language (Swahili)

    MASHUA - Boat MASHUA ?

    Study (S) Test (T)

    Cognitive Science of Retrieval Practice

    S T S T S T S T

    Learning Phase

  • Experimental Design

    Karpicke & Roediger, Science 2008

    # P

    ract

    ice

    tria

    ls

    S

    A

    4 Experimental Groups

    S

    S

    S

    1 week

    40 Words

    MASHUA - ?….

    TEST

    T T

    T T

    B C D

  • Results

    20

    40

    60

    80

    % R

    eme

    mb

    ered

    Pra

    ctic

    e

    S

    S

    S

    S

    T T

    T T

    Karpicke & Roediger, Science 2008

  • More Information

    www.learningscientists.org www.retrievalpractice.org

    THE LEARNING SCIENTISTS Make it stick

  • Retrieval (or Testing) is a highly effective practice strategy.

    Long – Term Memory Store

    Conclusions

  • Long – Term Memory Store

    Conclusions

  • Long – Term Memory Store

    Conclusions

  • Long – Term Memory Store

    Conclusions

  • Long – Term Memory Store

    Conclusions

  • Concrete Example

  • Critical Points

    Active in students minds

    Retrieval Practice follows initial learning

    Post-retrieval experience – feedback, making

    new connections

    Long-term effect – effective when effortful

    Spacing, Varying,

  • How come not Everybody uses Retrieval Practice all the time ?!?

    BUT….

  • Learners fail to predict their long-term learning outcomes

    What are the barriers?

    Images: pixabay

  • Retrieval Practice Works?

    Memory Tests

    3 groups learning texts by Studying or by Testing

    Roediger and Karpicke, 2006

  • Memory Tests

    Retrieval Practice Works?

    Roediger and Karpicke, 2006

  • Memory Test

    Retrieval Practice Works?

    Roediger and Karpicke, 2006

  • Roediger and Karpicke, 2006

    Memory Tests

    Retrieval is Effective in the Long-Term

    Retrieval Practice Works?

  • Retrieval Practice vs. Re-Study

    Different mechanisms of memory:

  • The Paradox

    Short-Term Long-Term

    !!!!!!!!! ☺ !!!!!!? ☺

    Desirable Difficulty(Bjork, 1994)

    Restudy

    Retrieval Practice

  • Learning time

    Color code: Learning Testing Motivation

    TEST

    Re-Read and Succeed

  • Cognitive vs. Emotional

    Short-Term Long-TermShort-Term Long-Term

    !!!!!!!!! ☺ !!!!!!? ☺

    Difficult(Emotional)

    Desirable(Cognitive)

  • The Answer

    TEACHERSRETRIEVAL PRACTICE as a ROUTINE

  • Learning time

    Color code: Learning Testing Motivation

    TEST

    Retrieval FOR Learning

    Learn to the test

    Test to learn

    TEST

  • Learning time

    Color code: Learning Testing Motivation

    TEST

    Retrieval FOR Learning

    TEST

    ALL THE STUDENTS

    ALL THE TIME

    Closing Gaps (?)

  • Barriers for Teachers

    Short-Term Long-TermShort-Term Long-Term

    !!!!!!!!! ☺ !!!!!!? ☺

    Difficult Desirable

  • 1. Teachers understand and appreciate the benefits of retrieval practice for students.

    My Experience (based on survey):

    2. Identify many barriers: TIME, lack of support, incompatible “system”

    3. They ask for supportDiscipline Specific PD, available materials, professional support

    Barriers for Teachers

  • What is your experience?

    Barriers for Teachers

  • Short-Term Long-TermShort-Term Long-Term

    !!!!!!!!! ☺ !!!!!!? ☺

    Difficult Desirable

    Barriers for Teachers

  • Developing a community and culture of Bridging research and education.

    What can we do?

    Cognitive research in schoolsGoal #1: Inform, engage, experience

    Glo

    bal

    Loca

    l

    Karpicke &RoedigerScience

    2008

    Ben Hur,Bueno,Reisner,Somer &Weinberg

    2011

  • The Journey

    Research Communication Education

  • The present and the future

    Research Communication Education

    desirable difficulties

    InformationTeaching

    ImplementationField – researchEvaluation

    Publishing observation and conclusions

    Field-inspired research questions

  • Thank You!

  • More…

    Sample questions – Practice RetrievalShare your experience

    Learn more

    https://goo.gl/forms/d8YP7Hj4LGjrBBnI3 @EfratFurst

    https://goo.gl/forms/d8YP7Hj4LGjrBBnI3

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