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Results Report of Project

Developing and Operating a Demonstrative Grow-out farm for

Sustainable and Advanced Pangasius Aquaculture in Vietnam

Can Tho University

Contents

1. Introduction of project

2. Results of trial in Phu Thuan farm

3. Operation of raceway in CTU

4. Evaluation and suggestion


1.1 Participation Sponsor: Embassy of Denmark in Hanoi Project Leader: Ministry of Agriculture & Rural

Development Project Management: Vietnam Association of Seafood

Exporter & Producers (VASEP) Implementing institutions: • Can Tho University (CTU) • Thuan Hung Fisheries Co.Ltd (THUFICO) • Vietnam Danish Aquaculture Technology

Excellence Center (VIDATEC)

VIDATEC: include 6 companies

• AKVA Group

• DHI

• PERKULATOR

• OXY GUARD

• GRUNDFOS

• RK-Plast


1.2 Objectives

To increase product quality and improve water

quality

Specific objectives:

• To reduce feed conversion ratio (FCR)

• To organize sustainable and environmentally

friendly aquaculture production

• To be able to conduct traceability completely


1.3 Content and Activities

• Establishing a demonstration Pangasius

aquaculture farm

• Producing 2 continuous crops

• Designing future Pangasius aquaculture pond

applying advanced technology


Location of trial ponds:

Phu Thuan farm, Thuan Hung Fisheries


Location of raceway, recirculation aquaculture system: College of Aquaculture and Fisheries



2.1 Experimental equipments Biofilter

Pond 5

Control

No aeration

Density: 100

Hand

feeding

Pond 4

Aeration

type 2

Density: 100

Hand

feeding

Pond 3

Aeration

type 2

Density: 120

Pendulum

feeder

Pond 2

Reservor

Pond 1

Aeration

type 1

Density: 100

Blower

feeder

Water supply channel

Pond No. 1

• 3 Airturbo RV2 (3 kW

motor, 54 m3/hour)

• 4 blower feeder


Pond No. 3 • 1 Air blower (1,500 m3/hour), 3 air diffusers (L x W x H = 6 x 1.33 x 2.5 m) • 8 pendulum feeders


• 1 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (6 x 2 x 1.2 m); filled with 5 m3 bio-media

• Operated 2 months before harvesting


Pond No. 4

• 1 Air blower (1,500 m3/hour), 3 air diffusers.

• 1 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

• Hand feeding

Pond No. 5:

Control pond,

apply company’s

technology


Water quality monitoring equipments (OxyGuard):

• Prober: DO, CO2, pH, total gas and temperature

• Processor, recorder and controller


2.2 Fingerling: larvae were reared in Phu Thuan

farm. Size of stocked fingerling was in 9.6-12.5 g


2.3 Feed and feeding rate

• Protein content: 22-32%

• Types of feed: Greenfeed, Proconco, Viet Thang

• Ratio of feed type and feeding rate were similar

between trial ponds


2.4 Water management:

Daily water exchange rate according to fish size

• < 200 g: 5-10%

• 200-300 g: 10-20%

• > 300 g: 20-30%


2.5 Results

i) Water environment:

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

• DO level of trial ponds was improvable than that in control pond.

• DO level dropped below 2 mg/L from the 5th month when fish reach the size > 250 g


fish size above 500g

DO level during culture period

DO level during 24 hours in the 8 th month

2.5 Results


CO2

• Highest CO2 level was observed in control ponds (no aeration) when fish reach to the size above 350 g

• CO2 in pond No.1 and No.3 reduced during the time operating the biofilter

CO2 level in ponds during the culture period

CO2 level in ponds when operating the biofilter

CO2 level in ponds during the culture period


2.5 Results


Other parameters

• TAN, NO2, NO3, had large fluctuations and depended on water exchange rate.

• TSS in applied aeration ponds was higher than that in control, which consider as a factor affected to flesh quality.


TAN level in ponds during the culture period

TSS level in ponds during the culture period

2.5 Results

ii) Fish growth:

Pond SGR

(%/day)

SR (%)

1 1.47 47.3

3 1.50 56.2

4 1.57 52.8

5 1.38 46.5

- Specific growth rate (%/day) and survival of the fish in ponds applied aeration were higher than that of control pond


Mortality of fish during culture period

iii) Efficiency: Pond Yield (kg)

Feed intake (kg)

Productivity (ton/ha/crop)

FCR

1 72,834 114,574 364 1.62

3 81,482 132,669 407 1.68

4 79,377 125,347 396 1.62

5 61,346 100,111 306 1.70

• At the same density, but the yields in two aeration ponds increased 18.7% and 29.3% compared to control.

• Due to limited water sources, increase in density (120 ind./m2) leaded to yield increase, but FCR was equivalent to control pond.


iii) Efficiency:

Pond Production

cost (VND/kg)

Electricity cost

(VND/kg)

Ratio of fish

<750 g (%)

1 22,826 1,567 29.44

3 23,099 937 28.21

4 22,083 609 6.92

5 23,255 582 26.96

• Having the same fish density, power used for aeration and water exchange in pond 3 was equivalent to that of water exchange in control: reduced amount water used

• Increased fish density may increases size variation


iii) Efficiency :

Pond Ratio of flesh color (%) Drug & chemical

used compared to control (%)

1 35% white; 65% pinky-white -18.00



5 24% white; 76% pinky-white

• Applying aeration and reducing water exchange was still ensuring fillet quality (color) and reduce the cost of drugs and chemicals used



3.1 Culture system:

Total area: 320 m2, culture volume: 460 m3; water deepth: 2 m; biofilter volume: 136 m3; bio-media volume: 40 m3


3.2 Grow-out protocol:

• Experimental fish: was purchased from Dong Thap province; average size of 33 g

• Feed and feeding: Proconco and Greenfeed (26-28% CP); feeding rate was according to Thufico’ protocol.

Tank 1 Tank 2

Total number of fish 17,803 17,622

Stocking density (inds/m3) 77.4 76.6

Survival rate (%) on 28/04/2016 81.1 79.9


3.2 Grow-out protocol:

Water quality management:

• Water quality parameters: measured by Oxyguard devices (automatic) and analyzed in

the laboratory in College of Aquaculture and

Fisheries, CTU

• No water exchange, water was only added due

to evaporation and discharge waste in the bottom


3.3 Preliminary results:

i) Water quality: DO was maintained above 4 mg/L in the first three months

Oxygen concentration in ended raceway

(mg/L)

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

19/1/16

26/1/16

2/2/16

9/2/16

16/2/16

23/2/16

1/3/16

8/3/16

15/3/16

22/3/16

29/3/16

5/4/16

12/4/16

19/4/16

26/4/16

3/5/16

Oxygen concentration in middle raceway

(mg/L)

0,01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,0

19/1/16

26/1/16

2/2/16

9/2/16

16/2/16

23/2/16

1/3/16

8/3/16

15/3/16

22/3/16

29/3/16

5/4/16

12/4/16

19/4/16

26/4/16

3/5/16

Water quality

• CO2: < 20 mg/L

• pH: >7


CO2 in the raceway (middle)

(mg/L)

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

19/1/16

26/1/16

2/2/16

9/2/16

16/2/16

23/2/16

1/3/16

8/3/16

15/3/16

22/3/16

29/3/16

5/4/16

12/4/16

19/4/16

26/4/16

3/5/16

pH in the raceway (middle)

0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,00

19/1/16

26/1/16

2/2/16

9/2/16

16/2/16

23/2/16

1/3/16

8/3/16

15/3/16

22/3/16

29/3/16

5/4/16

12/4/16

19/4/16

26/4/16

3/5/16


i) Water quality:

• TSS: high fluctuation,

but still in suitable

range

TSS of 1st position in system per two weeks

(mg/L)

0

20

40

60

80

20/01/16

22/01/16

25/01/16

04/02/16

15/02/16

29/02/16

15/03/16

01/04/16

15/04/16

28/04/16

TSS of 1st position in system per two weeks

(mg/L)

0

20

40

60

80

20/01/16

22/01/16

25/01/16

04/02/16

15/02/16

29/02/16

15/03/16

01/04/16

15/04/16

28/04/16

i) Water quality:

• TAN: was maintained

in suitable range (<2

mg/L)

• NO2: large fluctuation

due to reducing of pH.

NO2 was overcome

when pH> 7

TAN of 1st position in system per two

weeks (mg/L)

0

0,51

1,52

2,5

20/01/16

22/01/16

25/01/16

04/02/16

15/02/16

29/02/16

15/03/16

01/04/16

15/04/16

28/04/16

NO2 of 1st position in system per two weeks

(mg/L)

00,51

1,52

20/01/16

22/01/16

25/01/16

04/02/16

15/02/16

29/02/16

15/03/16

01/04/16

15/04/16

28/04/16


ii) Growth rate:

Growth rate after the

period three months

cultured


gam/day %/day

Tank 1 2.9 2.46

Tank 2 3.2 2.54

Fish in raceway growth faster than fish grown in aeration ponds in Phu Thuan farm (Ex: pond

No.4: 2,03%/ngày)

ii) Efficiency:

• The amount of water used (until 15/05/2016) was 5,304.345 m3

need 685.8 L of water to produce 1 kg of fish

(that was 4,700 L/kg in normal production pond)

• Medicine and drugs: minerals and vitamins were added into the feed to increase the fish’s resistance but antibiotics were not.


- Equipments: • Increase DO level: results in better growth, survival

rate, productivity, and improve FCR than those of traditional pond.

However: • Due to deep pond (4 m), can not put out all waste, it

caused in decreasing of DO (<2 mg/L from 5th month) in last months of crop when fish was bigger than 250 g

• Increased turbidity in the pond

Need to improve equipment and cultured pond (reduce water depth, find solutions for waste removal)


Feeder:

• Very good in control feed delivery (quantity,

time, feeding frequency)

• Small volume, slow feed distribution that was

not suitable for large fish stage

Suggestion: Applied for larval rearing to fingerling stage


Biofilter tank:

• Good performance in degassing, and reducing

NO2

• Small volume: functioning of water improvement

in large ponds is not clear.

• High energy consumption

Reduce pond water volume (reduced water depth) to make the current distributed water around the pond


Water monitoring equipments:

• Perfect system for measuring and recording variation of water parameters

• Store large amounts of data.

• However, manipulation of accessing, adjusting, and connecting between water quality probes and controller make it difficult for farmers to run the system. High investment costs

Organize training courses; establish policy of recommendations, and support the use of equipments


Thank you for your attention

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