results of positive partnership of wwf, scientists and ... · *in particular, it is partnership...
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Authors: K. Zgurovsky, PhD, Senior Advisor of the WWF RU; A. Pavlenko, PINRO;
Results of positive partnership of WWF, scientists and fishermen in the VMEs conservation in the Arctic
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*Together with them and VNIRO we arranged two conferences on sustainability (with the Karat Group-Norebo);
*Published the FAO Code of Conduct with comments of fishermen, lawyers and environmentalists (with the Karat Group-Norebo);
*Arranged training classes for captains and crew on impact reduction (with ATF, UFN, Norebo;
*Training observers (with the TINRO, F-E. Fishery University with Pollock Association, seabirds bycatch reduction classes, etc.
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*In particular, it is partnership with the PINRO, Marine Technology Co and with the recently established the Coordination Committee of four big MSC certified fishermen groups (Karat-Norebo, ATF, F.E.S.T., UFN) on mapping of vulnerable bottom marine ecosystems (VMEs) in the Barents Sea and the bottom trawl modernization:
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(http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9878e/v9878e00.htm)
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES The Code, which was unanimously adopted on 31 October 1995 by the
FAO Conference, provides a necessary framework for national and international efforts to ensure sustainable exploitation of aquatic living
resources in harmony with the environment.
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Background of our activity is FAO CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES
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…….. 8.5 Fishing gear selectivity 8.6 Energy optimization 8.7 Protection of the aquatic environment ……..
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for a world without hunger
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
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Energy optimization of Bottom trawl fishing
Minimize of trawl drag force
Minimize negative impact on the
benthic communities
Minimize CO2 pollution
Minimize fuel consumption per
unit catch
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Bottom trawl in Barents Sea
- Blue Hulibut
- Cod - Haddock
- etc
Net body
Groundtrope Doors
Doors
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Hydrodynamic force + Force of friction
The trawl drag force of the trawl consist from two parts:
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The equations of these Forces
Fff = μN
1 - Hydrodynamic force Newton’s equation
2- Force of friction, trawl-sea bottom
Law Amonton – Coulomb’s equation
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Principal Scheme of standard bottom trawling
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а b
Main types of trawl doors of bottom trawls which used in fishing of demersal fishes in Barents Sea
c d
а – Injector Shark trawldoor; b – Injector Scorpion trawldoor; c – Tuboron type 7 trawldoor; d –Kudrin
type
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а)
b)
Bottom trawl doors in work on sea bottom:
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Groundtrope of bottom trawl moves on the sea bottom
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Fishing process of bottom trawl groundrope (rockhopper type)
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Area of the standard trawl contact with the sea bottom (blue line on the picture)
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Proposed solutions for decrease drag force of the bottom trawl:
1. Lift trawl doors over bottom;
2. Reduce area contact trawl groundrope with bottom;
3. Reduce friction force of groundrope with replacement of
sliding friction by rolling.
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1. Lift trawl doors over the bottom
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Field exploration of the new model of the bottom trawl:
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Calculation scheme of the load of trawl for ensure lifting doors above the ground.
It was tested by test stand.
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2. Reduce area contact trawl with the bottom
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Modified footrope construction Flexible plate
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Twisted bobbinets footrope is an element that provides it rolling friction instead of
sliding friction
3. Reduce friction force of groundrope with replacement of sliding friction by rolling
F rolling friction < F sliding
friction = 250-300%
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Area of experimental trawl contact on the sea bottom of standard bottom trawl (is shown by blue line on the picture)
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0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Standardgroundrope
Experimentalgroundrope
Standard riggingtrawl (with bottom
door)
Experimentalrigging trawl (with
pelagic door)
Are
of t
raw
l con
tact
,m2
Area of standard and experimental trawl contact with bottom, м2
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Standardgroundrope
Experimentalgroundrope
Standard riggingtrawl (with
bottom door)
Experimentalrigging trawl(with pelagic
door)
Dra
g fo
rce,
N
Drag force standard and experimental rigging of bottom trawl
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Conclusion: It expected that the development and application of new experimental rigging for bottom trawl will: Reduce the area of the adverse impacts of
bottom trawl to 92%; Reduce the drag force of bottom trawl;
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10/3/2017
Let’s work together!
03.10.2017