Results of Industrialization

Europe, 1850-1914

Intro Activity

1. Imagine all your teachers announced to you today that for this 9 weeks 1) no student could make less than a B and 2) school would now get out at 2pm every day. Write how this would affect your free time, and what you would do with that free time.

2. If your house burned down, what would you and your family do? (name 2-3 things)

Family Life

• In several countries, 50% or more of the pop lived in cities

• Modern amenities like parks, museums, and police force took shape in cities

• LOW BIRTH AND DEATH RATES in industrial countries• Pre-1800, 1/3 of all children died before age 10;

after industrialization that rate was under 10%• Advancements in medical science caused dramatic

rise in lifespans

• Louis Pasteur discovered germs in the 1880s leading to better sanitation and medical procedures

Cultural Transformations

• During this time, wages went UP and work hours went DOWN; this influenced a new leisure culture, mainly for the middle class

• This mass leisure culture involved popular theatre, newspapers, vacation trips, team sports, etc.

• Religion continued to decline as people focused on more worldly pursuits

Science

• Charles Darwin’s theories on evolution in 1859 made huge impact on biology

• Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity influenced physics

• Sigmund Freud developed theories that would influence psychology and psychiatry

• Social sciences develop: economists attempted to explain business cycles & cause of poverty

• Key theme: rationality & science > emotion & religion

Political Developments

• By 1870, nearly all European governments had elements of democracy/parliaments

• All western governments introduced a civil service exam (1000 years after China!)

• Bureaucracies expanded in order to regulate the effects of industrialization: inspections of factory safety, hospital conditions, personal travel, etc.

• To create an educated & patriotic population, school became compulsory; by 1900 95% of adults in the west were literate

• Government welfare appears, replacing traditional groups like church & family

• Karl Marx’s socialism developed & became popular among working-class, causing friction & tension between the middle-class & proletariat

• Social question – what actions to take concerning society (the poor, education, etc) – is a major theme in the late 19th century

• Modern feminist movement began• Ardent nationalism continued to grow among ALL groups in ALL

countries• By 1871, new nations of Italy & Germany form. WHY IS THAT

IMPORTANT?!?!?!