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no veloc ity Rey no Rigid rod drag force Body base surface facing upstream Body base surface facing downstream net drag coefficient,CD m/s x10^5 F(N) body diameter: 0.065m body diameter: 0.065m Fd0 drag force net drag force drag coefficien t drag force net drag force drag coefficien t Cd1-Cd2 Fd1 Fd1-Fd0 Cd1 Fd2 Fd2-Fd0 Cd2 1 8 0.34 0.024 0.227 0.203 1.25 0.069 0.045 0.27 0.98 2 10 0.43 0.024 0.327 0.303 1.19 0.115 0.091 0.35 0.84 3 12 0.51 0.04 0.47 0.43 1.17 0.16 0.12 0.33 0.84 4 14 0.60 0.055 0.628 0.573 1.15 0.211 0.156 0.31 0.84 5 16 0.69 0.071 0.84 0.764 1.17 0.284 0.213 0.33 0.84 6 18 0.77 0.09 1.07 0.98 1.19 0.367 0.277 0.34 0.85 7 20 0.86 0.114 1.34 1.34 1.32 0.43 0.316 0.31 1.01 Body Base Surface Facing Upstream Body Base Surface Facing Downstream Theoretica l C d Percentage error (%) Theoretical C d Percentage error (%) 1.2 4.2 0.4 32.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 12.5 1.2 2.5 0.4 17.5 1.2 4.2 0.4 22.5 1.2 2.5 0.4 17.5

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no velocity Rey noRigid rod drag force Body base surface facing upstream Body base surface facing downstream net drag coefficient,CD

m/s x10^5 F(N) body diameter: 0.065m body diameter: 0.065m

Fd0 drag forcenet drag force

drag coefficient drag force

net drag force

drag coefficient Cd1-Cd2

Fd1 Fd1-Fd0 Cd1 Fd2 Fd2-Fd0 Cd2 1 8 0.34 0.024 0.227 0.203 1.25 0.069 0.045 0.27 0.982 10 0.43 0.024 0.327 0.303 1.19 0.115 0.091 0.35 0.843 12 0.51 0.04 0.47 0.43 1.17 0.16 0.12 0.33 0.844 14 0.60 0.055 0.628 0.573 1.15 0.211 0.156 0.31 0.845 16 0.69 0.071 0.84 0.764 1.17 0.284 0.213 0.33 0.846 18 0.77 0.09 1.07 0.98 1.19 0.367 0.277 0.34 0.857 20 0.86 0.114 1.34 1.34 1.32 0.43 0.316 0.31 1.01

Body Base Surface Facing Upstream

Body Base Surface Facing Downstream

Theoretical Cd

Percentage error (%) Theoretical Cd

Percentage error (%)

1.2 4.2 0.4 32.51.2 0.8 0.4 12.51.2 2.5 0.4 17.51.2 4.2 0.4 22.51.2 2.5 0.4 17.51.2 0.8 0.4 15.01.2 10.0 0.4 22.5