Lesson 6

VoltageDo we need to MEASURE it?ORDo we need to DETECT it?

Test LampsNeon Test Pencils/ScrewdriversVoltage ProbesSteinel Combi-CheckAC Voltage Probe

VoltmeterMultimeter

Clamp meterAnalogueDigitalDigital simulated Analogue

Last known earthly residence of automotive fuse used to replace original fuse Test leads survived intact

13.8 kV arced over to test probesTest leads destroyed

250V fuse didnt open in timePoor quality leads and probes led to injury.Probe tips burned offFingerprints burned into probes

Arc from transients (lightning, load switching)

Voltage contact while in continuity or resistance

Measuring voltage with test leads in current sockets

Shock from accidental contact with live components

Using meter or tester above rated voltage

ProtectionIndependent certification to meet CAT III-1000 V or CAT IV 600 V

ProtectionOverload protection in up to the meters volt rating

ProtectionHigh fault current rated fusesUse meters / testers without current sockets

ProtectionDouble insulatedRecessed / shrouded Plugs/SocketsFinger guardsCAT III 1000 VReplace when damagedTest Leads

IEC 61010New standard for low voltage test, measurement and control equipment.Provides much improved protection against overvoltage impulse transients - voltage spikes.Basis for:ANSI/ISA-S82.01-94 (US)CAN C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 (CAN)EN61010-1:1993 (EUR)AS 61010.1:2003 (Testers)AS 61010.031:2004 (Leads)

The closer the location is to the power source, the higher the available fault current, the higher the category CATEGORIES: CAT I to CAT IVThe greatest danger from transients is in the high categories, because they could trigger an arc blast

IMPULSE TESTING: No failure allowedMeters must be tested by being hit with a specified number of transients, with specified peak voltages

CAT IV

CAT III

CAT II

CAT IOrigin of installation Supply Authority level and any outside cable runs

Distribution wiring, including Consumer mains and Sub-circuits; permanently installed loads.

Socket Outlets; plug-in loads.

Protected electronic circuits

WITHIN each Category:There are designated working voltages (50, 150, 300, 600, 1000 V).

A higher voltage has a higher transient withstand

CAT IV

CAT III

CAT IICAT IV 600 V: 8 kV impulse CAT III 600 V: 6 kV impulse CAT III 1000 V: 8 kV impulseCAT II 600 V: 4 kV impulseCAT II 1000 V: 6 kV impulse

CAT III-600 V = 6 kV impulse 2 ohm test source

CAT II-1000 V = 6 kV impulse 12 ohm test sourceThe greater the source impedance, the lower the category:A CAT III-600 V 6k V test impulse has 6 times the current of a CAT II-1000 V 6 kV test impulse!

First know the category you are working in, then choose the appropriate voltage ratingIf you ever measure power circuits, you should use:CAT III-600 VORCAT IV 600 VCAT III-1000 VORAND CAT IV 600 V ORCAT III-1000 V test leads

CAT III-1000 VCAT IV-600 VCAT III-1000 VCAT III-600 VNo meter is safe when improperly used

Dont let test leads be a weak pointCAT III-1000 V or CAT IV 600 V/CAT III 1000 V ratingDouble insulationShrouded connectorsFinger guardsInsulation not damaged: not melted, cut, cracked, stretchedConnectors: no insulation pulled away from end connectorsProbe tips: not loose or broken off (too short)

Safe practices include but are not limited to:Whenever possible, work on de-energized circuits. Follow proper Isolation procedures.Use well maintained tools and appropriate safety gear Safety glasses, insulated tools, insulating gloves, flash suits, insulating mats, etc.Dont work alone. Practice safe measurement techniques. Always connect the EARTH FIRST, ACTIVE SECOND.Disconnect the ACTIVE lead first, EARTHED lead second.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *This meter had the original fuse replaced with an automotive fuse. When the operator attempted to measure 480 volts with the leads in the amps inputs, the fuse offered no protection. It is better to leave the circuit unfused and open than to use the wrong fuse.

Note that the test leads and probes, though damaged, survived more or less intact. This fact, plus the mechanical ruggedness of the meter body, which helped to contain the explosion, contributed to the fact that the operator was not hurt.

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *

2003 Fluke Corporation Electrical measurement safety *