restoring degraded lands: context, strategies &...

RESTORING DEGRADED LANDS:CONTEXT, STRATEGIES & AIMS

Jordi Cortina-Segarra – University of Alicante, SER Europe

• Multicriteria and multiagent decisions

• Ecosystem services vs. priority criteria

• Spatial and temporal scales

• Quarry restoration as post-normal science

• SER Europe role to promote high quality ER

RESTORING DEGRADED LANDS:CONTEXT, STRATEGIES & AIMS

SER Primer on Ecological Restoration 2004

Ecological Restoration is the practice of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that is damaged, degraded, or destroyed.

Protecting biodiversity, increasing the provision of goods and services

Multicriteria and multiagent decisions

Dupouey et al. (2002). Ecol. 83:2978-2984


Orihuela, SE Spain (12/01/2015)


15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

0

1

2

3

4

5

510

1520

2530R

ICH

NE

SS

VA

SC

UL

AR

PL

AN

TS

(N

º O

F S

PE

CIE

S)

SOIL

ORG

ANIC C

ARBON (%

)

WATER PRODUCTION (%)

ECOSYSTEM SERVICESSEMI-ARID LANDSCAPE (VENTÓS EXP. AREA, SE SPAIN)

Pinushalepensisplantation

Drylandcrop

Shrubland

Pasture

Stipatenacissimasteppe

M. Derak (2015)


PINE PLANTATIONS?

WETLANDS?

CROPLANDS?METRICS?

COST-BENEFIT?

NATURE-SOCIETY?

ACTIVE-PASSIVE?


STAKEHOLDER PROFILE Nº

Tourism 4

Eco-commerce 3

Active leisure/Adventures 5

Housing/Building 2

Mining 4

Commercial associations/Services 3

NGO 4

Politicians 5

Trade Unions 2

Neighbourhood associations 5

STAKEHOLDER PROFILE Nº

Local Administration 9

Provincial Administration 1

Regional Administration 8

Farmer Associations 5

Irrigation communities 8

Agricultural commerce/Nurseries 1

Ecoculture and rural development 6

Hunting 3

Protected areas 4

University/Research 6


RANKING OUTPUTS FROM 13 DESIRE PROJECT CASES, 13 SCORES,

SEMIARID WORLDWIDE

de Vente, J. et al. (2016). Ecology and Society, 21(2).


CICE DIVISION ES CREVILLENT

PR

OV

ISIO

N NUTRITIONAL

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSPASTORAL PRODUCTS, HONEY

ASPARAGUSSNAILS

MATERIALS MEDICINAL, FIBER, CANES

ENERGYSURFACE WATER

AQUIFER WATERBIOMASS

REG

ULA

TIO

N /

M

AIN

TEN

AN

CE

REGULATION RESIDUES AND TOXICSWATER CLEANING

ATENUATE URBAN IMPACTS

FLOW REGULATIONSOIL PROTECTIONFLOOD CONTROL

WILDFIRE CONTROL

MAINTENANCE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

POLINATIONCORRIDORS

PEST CONTROL

SOIL FERTILITYCARBON FIXATION

REGULATION TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE

CU

LTU

RA

L

PHYSICAL AND INTELECTUAL INTERACTION WITH BIOTA AND

ECOSYSTEMS

TOURISMSPORTS

ENVIRON. EDUCATION

CULTURAL HERITAGE

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

AESTHETIC VALUE

BIODIVERSITYMu

ltic

rite

ria

and

mu

ltia

gen

td

ecis

ion

s

DEFINITE (Decisions

on a Finite set of

alternatives)

(Institute for Environmental

Studies, University,

Amsterdam, The

Netherlands;

www.ivm.vu.nl).

ILWIS (Integrated Land

and Water Information

System)

(http://www.ilwis.org).


http://www.ivm.vu.nl/

http://www.ilwis.org/

Service Indicateur Thuya Reb. Pin Matorral Cultures Cactus

SSFertilité du sol % CO du sol 4,1 3,2 3,5 1,5 3,1

Production primaire PPN (g C m-2 an-1) 620 615 370 360 205

SR

Contrôle d’érosion Contribution relative +++ ++ - - +

Régulation des inondations Contribution relative +++ ++ - - +

Régulation climatique locale T à la surface du sol (°C) 32,2 31,5 33,7 34,3 33,8

SA

Accumulation de biomasse Biomasse (kg ha-1) 7850 10650 1710 2700 6000

Offre fourragère Valeur pastorale (%) 1 0 4 10 2

Offre de nourriture Valeur nutritive (106 Kcal ha-1) 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,5 2,9

Richesse en PAM Recouvrement PAM (%) 25 14 46 8 14

Provision d’eau Contribution relative ++ + + + +

SCValeur esthétique Valeur esthétique (score) 3,9 2,2 3,4 3,6 1,9

Valeur traditionnelle Valeur traditionnelle (score) 3,2 1,4 2,8 3,8 3,8

BD

Richesse spécifique Richesse floristique 21 19 33 30 47

Endémisme & rareté Nb espèces vég. menacées 1 0 2 2 3

Richesse cynégétique Offre nourriture -habitat (score) 3,6 1,7 3,6 2,9 3,2

BEOffre d’emploi Offre annuelle (jours/ha/an) 20 75 15 30 10

Génération de revenus Revenu monétaire (Dh/ha/an) 1300 4000 3750 6150 4200

Coût Coût d’installation (Dh/ha/an) 6000 5000 3000 8000 2000

Ecosystem Services, Béni Boufrah, N MoroccoMulticriteria and multiagent decisions

Land use values based on ES and stakeholders’ vision

a

b bc

d

0,000

0,050

0,100

0,150

0,200

0,250

Sco

re g

lob

al

χ2=50.797; N=19; p<0.0001

a

b bc

d

0,000

0,050

0,100

0,150

0,200

0,250

Sco

re g

lob

al

χ2=54.342; N=20; p<0.0001

(a) Scientifiques & Gestionnaires

(b) Collaborateurs

(c) Usagers directs

a

b bb

c

0,000

0,050

0,100

0,150

0,200

0,250

Thuya Figuier de barbarie Cultures Plantations du pin Matorral

Sco

re g

lob

al

χ2=77.817; N=28; p<0.0001

CulturesFiguier

barbarieThuya MatorralPlantation

pin

a

b bc

d

0,000

0,050

0,100

0,150

0,200

0,250

Thuya Figuier de barbarie Cultures Plantations du pin Matorral

Sco

re g

lob

al

χ2=181.16; N=67; p<0.0001

CulturesFiguier

barbarie

Thuya MatorralPlantation

pin


Kimball et al. (2015). Rest. Ecol. 23

Santa Ana Mountains, S California, USA


NATURAL AREAS

SEMI-NATURAL

FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Prioritization criteria

Spatial and temporal scales

EDEN Project, Cornwall, UK

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES

European Environmental Agency (2014) doi:10.2800/11170


• Province of Alicante, SE Spain

• High risk of desertification & flooding

• Semiarid

• 225,000 Ha

• Province of Valencia, SE Spain

• High risk of wildfire, hunting

• Dry sub-humid

• 185,041 Ha

WORK AREASAREA 1. CREVILLENT FOREST UNIT

AREA 1. ENGUERA FOREST UNIT

Río Reconque

Río Grande

Río Escalona

Río Júcar

Río S

ellent

Bco

. del

Agu

a

Bco. Boquilla

Río C

abriel

Rbla. Riajuelo

Río Júcar

Ayora

Enguera

Bicorp

Cortes de Pallás

Millares

Jarafuel

Jalance

Quesa

Cofrentes

Zarra

Chella

Teresa de Cofrentes

Navarrés

Bolbaite

Anna


FORESTS

SHRUBLANDS

RIVERS

WETLANDS

SAND DUNES

RAINFED CROPS

IRRIGATED CROPS

ABANDONED


“Passive and various active restoration approaches need to be weighed

on a case-by-case basis and depend on the goals, relative rates of

recovery desired, and various social and financial costs implicit in each option” (Zahawi et al., 2015)

Prach et al. (2016). J. Veg. Sci. 17: 193-200

Active vs. passive restoration Habitat Time Ref.

Aquatic (240) +40 Jones & Smith (2009)

Terrestrialtropical

+20 to+100

Sansevero & Gambin(2015)

Bonet & Pausas, Plant Ecol. 2004


Guerrero et al. (2017). Rest. Ecol. 25: 858-865.

Preferred vs. expected timeframe (years) of outcomes to be achieved (n=48). 800 Conservation Parks, 12,000 ha, SE Queensland, Australia


http://www.isdfundacion.org/

Coal Mine As Pontes (Galizia)

Quarry restoration as post-normal science

LIMITATIONS

• Regreening

• Scarce attention to geomorphology

• Deficient soil management

• Maintenance, evaluation, monitoring

• Supervised by Industry Dept. not Environmental authorities

• Complex norms, overlap with other sectors (urbanization, water, pollution...)

• Logistics

• Guarantee covering the whole area (high expenditure)

M. Jorba, J.F. Martín Duque, C. Martínez, J.M. Nicolau (2016). Ecological basis for a national strategy on Green Infrastructure, Connectivity and Ecological Restoration. (in press)


Cala Vidre, Ametlla de Mar (Tarragona) 2015

Cap de l’Horta (Alacant) - ConcursoInternacional de Ideas del Corredor Litoralde Alicante (2017)

Barranco Orgegia (Alacant)


Assumptions of:• Unpredictability• Incomplete control• Plurality of legitimate

perspectives• Requires an extended peer

community

Work against:• Traditional incentive systems• Current trends in public sector

management• Loose organization of many end

users

Funtowicz and Ravetz (1993). Futures 25: 735−755. Colloff et al. (2017). Cons. Biol. 31: 1008-1017. Campbell et al. (2015) Sci. Tot. Environ. 534: 4-13.

Knowledge

Rules Values


The Society for Ecological Restoration

International network of practitioners, researchers, indigenous people, non-governmental organization representatives, consultants, land managers and governmental agency staff who work in the field of ecological restoration.

With nearly 3,000 members in 70 countries, SER is well-respected as the primary global entity regarding restoration issues.

SER members study and practice restoration in almost all ecosystem types – from prairies, savannas, and forests to tidal estuaries, freshwater wetlands, and coral reefs.

SER Europe role to promote high quality ER


The Society for Ecological Restoration

Affiliated member organizations


Resources

Scientific journal- appIsland pressRestoration book series

SER Reports and Publications


Resources


www.ser-europe.org

@SER_Europe

e-NewsletterResources


Resources


• Summer school Dry Grassland Restoration. Hungary , 21-25/08/2018. http://restorationcourse.okologia.mta.hu

• Restoration of degraded drylands and monitoring of desertification processes. IAMZ-CIHEAM, IUCN, ICARDA, Zaragoza 5-10 Feb. 2018

• Creation and management of a register of donor sites for almost natural revegetation, Anhalt Univ. Appl. Sci., Bernburg2-3/6/2015

• Approaches in wetland restoration – focus on fen landscapes, aware Project-Warsaw, Poland 21-25/04/2013

• New developments in restoration research and applied ecology, University of Münster, Germany, 26-28/2013

• RENO-SER2011 regional conference. Restoring the North –Challenges and Opportunities. Selfoss, Iceland, 20-22/10/2011

• SER2011 regional workshop and field days. Natural grassland as a source of biodiversity improvement. Bernburg, Germany, 18-20/05/2011

Specialized courses


Certification Program


• DG GROW/DG ENV 'Reconciling biodiversity protection and extractive activities’.

• CONAMA

• IUFRO

• EcoPlantMed

• Landcare

• ECOMED

• NASSTEC-INSR

• Heidelberg Cement/QuarryLife

• FAO-FLRM

• IUCN

• Cambridge Conservation Initiative (SLP)

• QuarriesAlive

• …

Support


Biannual Conferences


ICELAND 2018 9TH-13TH SEPTEMBER (SERE2018.ORG)

SER2019: Cape Town, South Africa

TERECOVA – Tools for integrating ecological restoration into landplanning in the Region of Valencia (CGL2014-52714-C2-1-R)

THANK YOU!!

JORDI CORTINA [email protected]@RestEcol_UA

restoring degraded lands: context, strategies &...

Documents