Ressearch in Animal Production and Health in Nepal : Way Forward

C.R. Upreti, U. M. Singh, S. P. Neopane, S. M. Pradhan &

L. N. Pandey

Nepal Agricultural Research Council

2

Lumle Agriculture Research Center

MUSTANG

MANANG

MYANGDI

GORKHA

BAGLUNG KASKILAMJUNG

PARBATGULMI

SYANGJA TANAHU

ARGHAKHANCHIPALPA

NAWAL PARASIKAPILBASTU

RUPANDEHI

60 0 60 120 Kilometers

N

1 : 1400000

LOCATION MAP WITH ECOBELT OF WESTERN DEVELOPMENT REGION

Map Source : Survey DepartmentPrepared by : GIS Section , MOAC

EcobeltHigh hillMid hillTerai

3

Mandate and Research StrategyMandate and Research Strategy

55

BackgroundBackground

Agricultural Contribution to GDP 31%

Population growth rate 2.25%

Agriculture growth rate 1.69%

Employment in agriculture 65.6%

Livestock Contribution to GDP 12%

6

, Main issues challanges & opportunities of research in animal production and health

• , Poor peace infrastructure & resources• Poor experties and academic environment• Poor mechanism for sustainability

Opportunities

• Ecological suitability for research• Market demand of animal products in &abroad• Abundant promising human resource

77

• Technology generation focusing onlivelihood

• Research prioritization,Coordination of NARS

• Policy advice to GON

Mandate

NARC Established in 1991

(Under NARC Act BS 2048) (Amendment of NARC Act BS 2053)(Amendment of NARC Act BS 2053)

88

Regional Directorates

(4)

CommodityPrograms (11+3=14)

Agricultural Research Stations(13)

Council (16)

Executive Board (8)

NARC HQ Executive Director• Dir., Planning & Coord.• Dir., Crops & Hort. Res.• Dir., Liv. & Fish. Res.• Dir., Admin.• Dir., Financial Admin.

NARI & NASRIDisciplinary Divisions

(8+5=13)

Organogram of Nepal Agricultural Research Council

Cross CuttingDivision/Units

(3+3)

9

Status of Human Resources

406

177

399

289

609

448 409

362

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Sta

ff N

umbe

r

Scientists TechnicalOfficers

TechnicalAssistants

Admin & AccountStaff

Approved - 1823

Working - 1276

9

1010

53 Altogether Reserch Stations including regional Stations

1111

NARC Research PriorityNARC Research PriorityGuiding PrinciplesGuiding Principles

Agriculture Perspective Plan

Poverty Reduction Strategy/3Yr Int. Plan

NARC Vision 2021

National Agriculture Policy 2061

MDGs/WTO/SAFTA…

1212

Yield gap in milk production, National

3.5

8

2.5

6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Experimental Yield National Yield Attainable yield

Ave

Mil

k P

rod

uct

ion

(L

/C/d

) 2.0

5.53.5

Terai9%

Hill38%

Mountain

53%

Share of AGDP of Livestock • Livestock contributes 31% to

the total AGDP of the country.

• APP has targeted 45% livestock contribution in AGDP by 2015.

1991 2001 2007/8% Change in 16

years

Human population (million) 18.49 23.15 26.9 45.84

Milk production (mt) x ‘000 864.8 1097.0 1388.7 60.58

Per-capita consumption (kg) 46.77 47.38 51.49 10.09

Meat production (mt) x ‘000 147.3 189.1 233.9 58.75

Per-capita consumption (kg) 7.97 8.17 8.67 8.78

Egg production ( million) 369.5 480.8 631.2 70.83

Egg consumption (No/capita) 19.98 20.77 43.0 115.22

Source: Shrestha et al 2002, MoAC 2009

Per capita milk, meat, and egg consumption of Nepal

CountryPer capita

availability (kg)Requirement

(kg)Surplus/deficit

(%)Milk Meat Milk Meat Milk Meat

Nepal 50.7 8.5 57.0 14.0 -11.1 -39.1India 63.0 6.0 57.0 14.0 +10.53 -57.1

Pakistan 153.0 14.0 57.0 14.0 +168.0 0.0World

Average73.0 36.0 57.0 14.0 +29.6 +160

Comparative availability, rquirement and milk and meat deficit in Nepal

Source: Pradhan et al 2008

Research collaboraters in Animal production &health

in Nepal

• /FAO UNDP• ILRI• JICA• DFID• DLS

• USAID• World Bank• , Israel Bangor• , Institute of Agriculture & Animal Science

Rampur• , Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences

HICAST

Trend of Approved budget of MoAC & NARC in last Trend of Approved budget of MoAC & NARC in last five yearsfive years

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

'04/05 '05/06 '06/07 '07/08 '08/09

Fisical year

MoAC

NARC

Breeding Technologies:Bovine:

Breeding technique for different agro climatic condition of Nepal identified and recommended

Blood level of exotic genotype (50% blood level) identified and recommended to the farmer's condition.

Rearing technology of improved cattle and buffalo developed and handed over to the DLS in regular basis.

Rare breed Achhami cattle characterized

DCIP funded by FAO (TCP) base d on R&D concept jointly run by the NARC & DLS

Animal production & health research

ParkoteParkote• Milk production- 1031 Milk production- 1031

LL/305 d/305 d• First calving – 55.2 First calving – 55.2 mm• Calving interval – 529 dCalving interval – 529 d

ParkoteParkote• Milk production- 1031 Milk production- 1031

LL/305 d/305 d• First calving – 55.2 First calving – 55.2 mm• Calving interval – 529 dCalving interval – 529 d

BUFFALO (Indigenous)BUFFALO (Indigenous)

LimeLime Milk production- 1048 Milk production- 1048

LL/305 d/305 d First calving – 51.6 mFirst calving – 51.6 m Calving interval – 535Calving interval – 535

dd

JerseyJersey

Average milk Average milk production: 2821production: 2821 L L

Highest: 4299.3 Highest: 4299.3 LL

Lowest: 1342.8 Lowest: 1342.8 LL

Cattle

Indigenous cattle breeds of NepalIndigenous cattle breeds of Nepal

Emerging one of the private commercial dairy farm

Buffalo breeds of NepalBuffalo breeds of Nepal

LIME

PARKOTE

GADDI

Murrah and cross

Small ruminant: Indigenous goat breeds Indigenous goat breeds of Nepalof Nepal

Native goats • Chyangra (in Tarns Himalayan Region), • Sinhal (in mountain region), • Khari (Hill region), and • Terai goats (Terai region).

2626

Goat husbandry

Jamuna pari cross

Khari

Pure Barbari

Khari GoatKhari Goat Birth weight- 1.72 kgBirth weight- 1.72 kg

6 - months weight – 13.2 kg6 - months weight – 13.2 kg

12 months weight – 21.3 kg12 months weight – 21.3 kg

Age at 1Age at 1stst service service ––242.2242.2 dd

Kidding interval, days-270 dKidding interval, days-270 d

Twining percentage – 65Twining percentage – 65%%

Selective breeding on Khari goat for mid hills of Nepal.Selective breeding on Khari goat for mid hills of Nepal.

Indigenous sheep breeds of Nepal Indigenous sheep breeds of Nepal

Lampuchhare (50%)Kage cross

Baruwal Bhyanglung

Poultry:Giriraja Chicken suitable for back yard poultry farming has been development and adopted by the farmers in Terai, and hills of Nepal.

Indigenous chicken breeds of Nepal Indigenous chicken breeds of Nepal

Swine (some native species)

• Bampudke, • Banel, • Chuyanche, • Hurra

Pakhribas black pig

Exotic breeds : Landrace, Yorkshire etc have been used to develop the cross breed.

Rabbit:Rabbit: German Angora, Russian Chin Chila.German Angora, Russian Chin Chila.

Hyaline California Litter size at birth– 6.6 Litter size at weaning-4.5 Pre weaning mortality, % -21.76 Litter wt at birth, kg -0.65 Average kit wt at birth, gm- 98.5 Litter wt at weaning, kg – 3.0 Average kit wt at weaning, kg- 0.67 Adult weight, kg – 4.75

Chinchila

Feed & Nutrition Technology

Bovine: Low cost feed based on crop residueUMMB technology developed

Small ruminants:Stall fed technology for goatsFeeding package for mountain sheepRed soil supplementation to sheep during winter

Non Ruminant Feeding

Poultry•Methionin and lysine supplementation on broiler diet•Feeding technology for scavenging system

Swine•Level of forage (water hyacinth, comphrey etc.) inclusion on the diet identified.

Rabbit• Rabbit feeding package using locally available feed

Dairy Research

- Product diversificstion researchwork- Post harvest for keeping quality- Hygenic milk production

• Different types of fodder and pasture species identified and selected.

• Silage bag technique for winter feeding identified

• Agro-forestry technologies for hills developed by RARS, Lumle

Feeds and Fodder Research:

Kamdhenu

Netra

GM Yield: 80 - 90 t/ha.(5 cuttings)GM Yield: 80 - 90 t/ha.(5 cuttings)

• Suitable cultivars of oat for different agro-eco zones identified,

• Netra• Kamudhenu

• Suitable pasture sps for high hills and mountain identified

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Pasture Research

• Varieties of Oat, Berseem & Napier in pipeline

• Technology for year round green fodder production developed

• Technology of plastic bag silage for dry

period

Health care Technologies

• The research is based on the diseases as defined by Official Epizootics International (OIE) such as,

• OIE List A, B, C diseases• Unclassified diseases such

as mastitis, abortion, parasitic gastroenteritis (Multiple).

Technologies on Animal Health

Bovine & small ruminants

•Preventive strategy of mastitis in bovine•Treatment of posterior paralytic syndrome in goat•Control measure of Degnella disease•Strategy for the reduction of incidence of respiratory disease in goats. •Strategy for gastrointestinal nematode control.•Use of Bozo, Sisnu and Surti for the control of ticks. •Feeding of rice straw prevents fascioliosis in stall fed animals•Control strategy of foot rot in small ruminant.

Technology for poultry disease controlVaccine production technology

• Ranikhet F1 strain vaccine• Ranikhet R2 B strain vaccine• RD LOasota strain vaccine• Fowl pox vaccine• Infectious Bursal Disease (Live) strain

vaccine

Preventive technologies for livestock diseases

• H.S. vaccine (alum precipitated)• B.Q. vaccine ( alum precipitated• H.S. and B.Q. combine vaccine

(alum precipitated)• Anthrax spore• Swine fever (Capinized live)• PPR vaccine

Technologies for the control of zoonotic diseases

• Carbolised 20% sheep brain vaccine

• 5% sheep strain vaccine• BPL antirabies vaccine• Tissue culture anti-

rabies (trial batch)

Way forward in Animal Production and Health Research

Climate change• Livestock research in relation to climate change and global

warming

• Establishment of Deemed University

Animal Breeding • Genetic resource conservation and utilization• Breed Development• Participatory selection program

Animal NutritionAnimal Nutrition Low cost feeding packageLow cost feeding package Characterization / identification nutritive feed resources.Characterization / identification nutritive feed resources. Quality control mechanism for raw ingredients and Quality control mechanism for raw ingredients and

compound feed etccompound feed etc

Livestock Production & Management

• Technology generation for cattle and buffalo• Quality wool and meat production• Fodder based feeding management• Management technologies suitable for

different ecological zones• Socio-economics in relation to livestock

commercialization• Best Management Practices (BMP) for

quality production

Animal Health

• Khari disease in buffalo• Organism Bank• Zoonotic disease• Infertility in Cattle and Buffalo• Study on vectors of animal disease• Natural micro flora of indigenous animal.• Genetic resistance of indigenous stock against

disease• Indigenous plants and biological materials against

Pathogen and parasites.

Forage, Pasture and Agro forestry

• Suitable variety release of forage crops• Rangeland / community land management• Improved on fodder productivity considering

environment• Temperate legume seed production

Nepal is basically a livestock based agrarian. , society Thus highest level organizational identity of Livestock sector could contribute

substantially in national economy and. prosperity

Such identity would strengthen both research and extension network for animal

production and health for sustainability of , .animal industry environment and peace

CONCLUSION