Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

identify and give functions for the following structures:

identify and give functions for the following structures:

- Nasal cavity Larynx alveoli Trachea diaphragm and ribs Bronchi pleural membranes Bronchioles pharynx thoracic cavity

- Nasal cavity Larynx alveoli Trachea diaphragm and ribs Bronchi pleural membranes Bronchioles pharynx thoracic cavity

Respiratory systemRespiratory system

Responsible for O2 entering and CO2 leaving body

Functions in coordination with the circulatory system

Responsible for O2 entering and CO2 leaving body

Functions in coordination with the circulatory system

Upper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory Tract

1.

2.

3.

4.

Resp system diagramResp system diagram

BREATHING The inner pleural membrane is fused

to the lungs While the outer pleural membrane

adheres to the rib cage. A thin layer of fluid lies between the two

layers.

BREATHING The inner pleural membrane is fused

to the lungs While the outer pleural membrane

adheres to the rib cage. A thin layer of fluid lies between the two

layers.

Video (Start @ 23s)

Pleural MembranePleural Membrane

These membranes create and maintain an environment of NEGATIVE PRESSURE in the thoracic cavity.

Negative pressure is air pressure that is less (756mmHg) than the pressure of the surrounding air (760mmHg)

These membranes create and maintain an environment of NEGATIVE PRESSURE in the thoracic cavity.

Negative pressure is air pressure that is less (756mmHg) than the pressure of the surrounding air (760mmHg)

If the seal between the pleural membranes is broken (air gets between them) the lungs will collapse.

If the seal between the pleural membranes is broken (air gets between them) the lungs will collapse.

Reconstructive plastic surgery of the nose tip (after traumatic amputation from a human bite)

Reconstructive plastic surgery of the nose tip (after traumatic amputation from a human bite)

What happens??What happens??1. Breathing

inhalation(inspiration)/expiration(exhalation)

2. External Respiration: exchange of gases between air and blood (@ alveoli with capillaries)

3. Internal Respiration: exchange of gases between blood and tissue (@ capillaries and tissue cells)

4. Cellular Respiration

1. Breathing inhalation(inspiration)/expiration(exhalation)

2. External Respiration: exchange of gases between air and blood (@ alveoli with capillaries)

3. Internal Respiration: exchange of gases between blood and tissue (@ capillaries and tissue cells)

4. Cellular Respiration

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Absorbed at small intestine. Arrives at cells via capillaries. Diffuses from capillaries into tissue fluid

Inhaled at lungs arrives via capillaries Diffuses into tissue fluid

Produced in cell. Diffuses into capillary. Exhaled at lungs

Produced at cell. Diffuses into capillary

For use within cell

BreathingBreathing

As air enters the body, it is: 1. Warmed 2. Filtered (by nose hairs and mucus) 3. Moistened

Video

As air enters the body, it is: 1. Warmed 2. Filtered (by nose hairs and mucus) 3. Moistened

Video

Mucus: traps foreign particles and debrisCilia: short, hair-like projections that propels the mucus, impurities out of respiratory tract

These structures contain cilia and mucus secreting goblet

cells

These structures contain cilia and mucus secreting goblet

cells

Showing nasal polyps - a swelling of the lining (mucosa) of the nose.

generally occur due to long-standing inflammation of the mucosa and the sinuses surrounding the nasal cavity

Showing nasal polyps - a swelling of the lining (mucosa) of the nose.

generally occur due to long-standing inflammation of the mucosa and the sinuses surrounding the nasal cavity

Overhead notes!Overhead notes!

B) Mechanism of Expiration/Exhalation

B) Mechanism of Expiration/Exhalation

Alveoli have been stretched due to inspiration

Stretch receptors in the walls of the alveolar sacs are stimulated

Alveoli have been stretched due to inspiration

Stretch receptors in the walls of the alveolar sacs are stimulated

Feedback of information to the breathing centers in the medulla oblongata inhibits

(stops) the motor nerve impulses to the diaphragm

and intercostal muscles

Feedback of information to the breathing centers in the medulla oblongata inhibits

(stops) the motor nerve impulses to the diaphragm

and intercostal muscles

Diaphragm and ribs relax; the diaphragm becomes dome shaped

and the ribs swing down and in. The volume of the chest cavity decreases creating a high pressure environment

Air rushes out of the lungs due to increased pressure compared to the

outside. The lungs recoil

Diaphragm and ribs relax; the diaphragm becomes dome shaped

and the ribs swing down and in. The volume of the chest cavity decreases creating a high pressure environment

Air rushes out of the lungs due to increased pressure compared to the

outside. The lungs recoil

Inflating Giraffe’s Lungs

Giraffe DissectionGiraffe Dissection

Intro to Giraffe Dissection Inflating Giraffe’s lungs Giraffe’s larynx

Intro to Giraffe Dissection Inflating Giraffe’s lungs Giraffe’s larynx

External RespirationIn the lungs

External RespirationIn the lungs

• Air sacs with thin walls surrounded by capillaries• Site of gas exchange - driven by passive diffusion• O2 moves from

alveoli to blood

Video

Overhead notesOverhead notes

Internal and external respiration

Internal and external respiration

Pneumonia Infection by

bacteria, viruses, fungi,

Alveoli become flooded and inflamed

Pneumonia Infection by

bacteria, viruses, fungi,

Alveoli become flooded and inflamed

Respiration and HealthRespiration and Health

Caused by Virus or bacteria

Caused by Virus or bacteria

Acute BronchitisAcute Bronchitis

Chronic BronchitisChronic Bronchitis

Strep ThroatStrep Throat

Caused by bacterial infectionSymptoms include fever and difficulty swallowing

Pulmonary TuberculosisPulmonary Tuberculosis

Caused by bacteriaResults in burst alveoli replaced by inelastic connective tissueSkin test can be done to see if exposed to TB

EmphysemaEmphysema

Destruction of alveolar walls (rupture) due to collapse of bronchiolesLoss of alveoli results in reduced surface area for gas exchange not enough O2 reaching heart and brain heart works harder to supply O2 to cells

Pulmonary FibrosisPulmonary Fibrosis

• Scarring of the lung due to secondary diseases

• Excess fibrous connective tissue