respiratory and excretory system

8/3/2019 Respiratory and Excretory System

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The Respiratory System


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The respiratory system supplies the blood with

oxygen so that the blood can deliver oxygento all parts of the body.

And also removes carbon dioxide and water thatcells produce.

Primary Function of RespiratorySystem


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Most people think respiration and breathing are the

same thing. Actually, in science they are two VERYdifferent things. Respiration chemical process in which oxygen and

glucose are used to produce energy inside cells. Otherproducts of respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

Breathing

refers to the movement of air into and outof your lungs.

Respiration vs Breathing

Very important!!!!


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Respiratory System Structure

Nasal Cavity (nose): Heats andhumidifies air; mucus traps particlesand bacteria; cells with cilia move themucus into throat

Pharynx (throat): Connected to both

nose and mouth. Cone shapedpassageway leading to trachea.

Trachea (windpipe): Main tubeconnecting nose/mouth to lungs.Reinforced by rings of cartilage toprotect and keep open; lined with cilia

and mucus

Epiglottis: Flap that covers theentrance to the trachea. Preventsfood/liquids from entering lungs.


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Respiratory System Structure

Bronchi (bronchus): Two tubes thatbranch off of the trachea to directair into the lungs.

Lungs: Main organs of therespiratory system

Bronchioles: Small branches ofbronchi that end in alveoli. Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that function to

exchange oxygen and carbondioxide from/to the blood.

Capillaries: Blood vessels that areimbedded in the walls of the alveoli.

While in the capillaries the blooddischarges carbon dioxide into thealveoli and takes up oxygen fromthe air in the alveoli


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Disorders


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Asthma

Chronic (long-term) lung diseasethat inflames and narrows theairways. People who have asthmahave inflamed airways. This makesthe airways swollen and verysensitive. They tend to reactstrongly to certain inhaledsubstances.

When the airways react, the musclesaround them tighten. This narrowsthe airways, causing less air to flowinto the lungs. The swelling also canworsen, making the airways evennarrower. Cells in the airways maymake more mucus than normal.Mucus is a sticky, thick liquid thatcan further narrow your airways.


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Bronchitis

Bronchitis Inflammation and

thickening of the

bronchiole tubes, usually asa result of a respiratoryinfection.

Muscles become inflamedand mucus builds up.


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Emphysema

Permanently damagesthe air sacs of thealveoli, drastically

reducing the ability toabsorb oxygen.


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About half a liter of water per day is lost

through breathing. Yawning brings more oxygen to the lungs. Your right lung is larger than your left. We breathe 13 pints of air every minute. People under 30 take in double the amount

of oxygen in comparison to someonewho's 80 years old

Interesting Facts About theRespiratory System!!


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The Excretory System


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Function of the Excretory System

Collects wastes produced by cells and removes wastes

Your body must eliminate wastes to remain healthy.

These systems function together as parts of your excretory system.


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The excretory system ridsthe blood of wastesproduced by the cells.

The urinary system also

controls blood volume byremoving excess waterproduced by body cellsduring respiration.

Gets rid of excess salts

The Excretory System


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Regulating Fluid Levels

The hypothalamus (hi poh THA luh mus),

constantly monitors the amount of water inthe blood.

When the brain detects too much water in the

blood, the hypothalamus releases a lesseramount of a specific hormone

This signals the kidneys to return less water tothe blood and increase the amount of

wastewater, called urine, that is excreted.


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Organs of the Excretory System

The main organs of theexcretory system are twobean-shaped kidneys.

The kidneys filter blood thatcontains urea and wastescollected from cells.

Urea is the chemical thatcomes from the breakdown ofproteins.

It is made up of about 1 milliontiny filtering units called

nephrons (NEF rahnz).


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Filtration in the Kidney

Blood enters the kidneys through therenal artery.

Blood enters the nephrons. Water,sugar,salt (needed materials) and

wastes in the blood are removed fromthe blood in the nephrons.

Capillaries reabsorb most of thewater,sugar, and salt (needed materials)and the wastes are left behind.

The renal vein returns the purified bloodto be circulated.

Urine (wastes and water) drains fromeach collecting tubule into the ureters

Urine flows from ureters to the urinarybladder Urine flows from the bladder through

the urethra and out of the body.

Nephron


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In approximately 5 min, all of the blood in your body

passes through the kidneys Approx. 2,000 L of blood is filtered daily by the kidneys.

Filtration in the Kidney


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Excretory/Urinary Diseases andDisorders

Waste products that are not removed build up and

act as poisons in body cells. Water that normally is removed from body tissues

accumulates and causes swelling of the ankles andfeet.

Without excretion, an imbalance of salts occurs. If thebalance isnt restored, the kidneys and other organscan be damaged.


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Urinary Diseases and Disorders

Infections caused by microorganisms can affect the

urinary system. Usually, the infection begins in the bladder. However,

it can spread and involve the kidneys.


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Detecting Kidney and UrinaryDiseases

Urine can be tested for any signs of a urinary tract

disease A change in the urines color can suggest kidney or

liver problems.

Increased amounts of a protein called albumin (al

BYOO mun) indicate kidney disease or heart failure.


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Dialysis

Needed when the kidneys are not functioningproperly or fail

A person who has only one kidney still can live

normally. The remaining kidney increases in size and

works harder to make up for the loss of theother kidney.

If both kidneys fail, the person will need tohave his or her blood filtered by an artificialkidney machine in a process called dialysis (diAH luh sus).

respiratory and excretory system

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