RespirationCellular Respiration moved to the body level

Review of Diffusion

• MANY body processes require diffusion to take place• Does not require energy• Allows materials to pass into/out of cell

• Materials move from HIGH to LOW concentration (a lot to a little)• Move through microscopic holes in membranes• If material is the right shape and size then it is able to pass

through the membrane

Cellular Respiration

• Within humans:• Using oxygen and glucose create ATP• ATP = body’s chemical energy source for many of

your activities• Requires:• Intake of oxygen, glucose• Circulation of oxygen and glucose throughout body• Delivery of oxygen and glucose to mitochondria• Creation of ATP• Removal of metabolic waste after production

What the process needs

• Oxygen• From breathing

• Glucose• From eating• *other energy sources are available, but not as efficient• Example- lactose• Body turns on lactose gene when glucose is not

present

How you get what you need

• Breathing• Diaphragm expands, taking oxygen into lungs• Oxygen diffuses from lungs into blood stream

• Eating• Food taken in, broken down in mouth, stomach• Digested food passes into intestines• Nutrients and water diffuse into blood stream

• Circulation• Blood carries vital ingredients to cells capable of making ATP

The systems involved

• Respiratory• Exchange of gases with environment

• Digestive• Breakdown and absorption of nutrients and water

• Circulatory• Movement of materials throughout the body

Respiratory System

• Organs/tissues include:• Lungs• Trachea• Nose/mouth• Diaphragm

• Heart?

• Main job- maintain proper level of carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the blood stream

Digestive System

• Organs/tissues involved:• Mouth• Esophagus• Stomach• Small/large intestine

• Main job- using enzymes and muscles, break food down into molecules small enough that they can diffuse back into blood stream

• Your body can’t do this all itself. What helps?

Circulatory System

• Organs/tissues include:• Heart• Arteries, veins, capillaries

• Main job- pick up materials needed by the body and deliver them to the proper location while also removing waste from the body

System Failures

• Asthma• Emphysema• Sickle-cell anemia• Carbon monoxide poisoning

Asthma

• Tightening of the airways (bronchi, etc.) as a result of random events or environmental stimuli

• Causes typical wheeze as air is pushed through smaller tubes

• Treated with steroids to stimulate widening of airways

Asthma

Emphysema

• Collapse of alveoli in lungs causes difficulty in exchanging gases with blood stream

• Is a degenerative disease that is manageable but not curable

• Most treatments revolve around maintaining quality of life for as long as possible

Emphysema

Sickle-Cell Anemia

• Misshapen red blood cells• Shape results in inability to carry as much oxygen

through blood stream• Also causes frequent blood clots

• *common in many African areas because, although the disease is dangerous, it decreases risk for malaria

• *Only beneficial if a carrier for the trait

Sickle Cell anemia

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

• CO competes with O in red blood cells, and inhibits hemoglobin from picking up O

• Lack of oxygen causes body to run out of oxygen, essentially asphyxiating you

Question

• Based on its name, predict what bronchitis is and describe the difference between that and asthma