Resource Recovery from Kitchen Garbage by Using Microbial Fuel

Cell

M. Azizul Moqsud & Kiyoshi Omine

Department of Civil EngineeringKyushu University

Japan

2

What is waste?

Waste can be defined as useless, unwanted and discarded materials coming from production and consumption.

Such as kitchen garbage, Bio-degradable municipal waste (BMW), municipal solid waste (MSW) etc.

BMW

MSW

3

Solid waste management

has become a serious environmental problem all over the world.

Resource recovery from solid waste and Recycling is considered as a viable management option.

4

Recycling is a key component of ３R the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy.

5

Characteristics of residential waste:

Developing countries

Industrialized countries

A Large Portion of Total Waste is Biodegradable waste both in Developing and Industrialized countries

6

According to Power Ministry, Bangladesh produces up to 4,000MW of electricity

everyday against a minimum daily demand for 6,000MW.

In the rural areas the demand stands at some 2,400 MW per day but the Rural Electrification Board (REB) can supply barely half of that.

In the world, 1.4 to 1.6 billion people according to the U.N. live

without electricity!!

7

Energy, in any form, plays the most important role in the modern world. We need energy especially Green electrical energy in our daily needs .

Purpose of study

To develop a Microbial Fuel cell by using the kitchen garbage (KG) for bio-electricity generation

To convert/recycled KG for soil conditioner by Hybrid composting method as a by-product of bio-electricity.

8

9

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC)

10

What is MFC???Microbial fuel cell (MFC)s are bio-

electrochemical devices which convert biomass into electricity through the metabolic activity of the microorganisms.

Living Bacteria generate electricity in the normal course of metabolizing nutrients.

This metabolic process delivers sustainable, renewable, commercially valuable electricity.

11

Cathode (carbon fiber)

Anode (carbon fiber)

Schematic diagram of the laboratory test of MFC

Biomass from kitchen garbage

Tester

Resistance

Arcylic container

Paper filter & activated carbon

10 cm

Materials

Materials(Gram)

EM Leaf Mold Kitchen Garbage

Water

Quantity 15 120 120 80

12

Methods

13

Data captured during Laboratory test

Voltage in every 20 minutesTemperature (Deg. Cel) in every 20

minutes

14

At room temperature at 25 Degree Celcius.Total Test Duration 45 days

Peak Voltage (590 mV) reached around 21 days

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

2009/9/140:00

2009/9/160:00

2009/9/180:00

2009/9/200:00

2009/9/220:00

2009/9/240:00

2009/9/260:00

2009/9/280:00

2009/9/300:00

2009/10/20:00

2009/10/40:00

2009/10/60:00

2009/10/80:00

2009/10/100:00

2009/10/120:00

2009/10/140:00

2009/10/160:00

2009/10/180:00

2009/10/200:00

2009/10/220:00

2009/10/240:00

2009/10/260:00

2009/10/280:00

2009/10/300:00

2009/11/10:00

2009/11/30:00

2009/11/50:00

Duration

Vol

tage

(V

)

Variation of Voltage with duration

16

Variation of Power density with duration

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

2009/9/1712:00

2009/9/180:00

2009/9/1812:00

2009/9/190:00

2009/9/1912:00

2009/9/200:00

2009/9/2012:00

2009/9/210:00

2009/9/2112:00

2009/9/220:00

2009/9/2212:00

2009/9/230:00

2009/9/2312:00

2009/9/240:00

2009/9/2412:00

2009/9/250:00

2009/9/2512:00

2009/9/260:00

Duration

Pow

er d

ensi

ty (W

/m2)

17

Various Parameters showing the performance of MFC

Parameters Value

1 V max (mV) 590

2 Current at V max (mA) 11.56

3 P max (mW) 6.82

4 Power Density (mW/m2) 682

5 Current Density (mA/m2) 1156

N.B: V=I * R, P=V * I,

18

Nutrients presence in different samples of compost in in-vessel composting reactor and MFC

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

BD S1J p S2 S3Sample

%

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium

19

ConclusionsMFC by using Kitchen Garbage is proved to be good way for bio-electricity generation

Sustainable, Renewable, Green energy.

The by-product of the electricity generation by MFC can be used as soil conditioner

20

ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTHPROBLEMS IN URBAN AREASDUE TO UNMANAGED WASTE

ORGANIC MATTER DEPLETIONIN THE SOIL OF RURAL AREAS

ADDRESSING 3

MAJOR PROBLEMS

•　 Bio-electricity generation from organic waste　•　 Converting Organic Waste Into Compost •　 Use of Compost/Enriched Compost in Agriculture

Think globally but act locally and personally to make beautiful world for the future generation…

Thank you so much for your

attention..

17th December 2010