resistance and resilience some basic postulates … walter g. green iii, ph.d., faccp disaster...
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RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE
Some basic postulates …
Walter G. Green III, Ph.D., FACCP
Disaster Theory Series No. 4Copyright 2008 by Walter G. Green III
DISASTER RESISTANCE
Implies the ability to: Resist the onset and impact of a
disaster Continue to function at close to
normal capacity and capability Resume normal operations with
minimal disruption Defeat the impact of the event
DISASTER RESILIENCE
Implies the ability to: Absorb the impact of a disaster Gracefully degrade under the impact In such a way that we can return to
normal operations with the least possible delay and the least possible dysfunction
Limit the impact of the event
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Resistance measures: Levees to deal with river flooding Building codes to protect against fire,
high winds, etc. Well developed emergency services Cleared ground around homes to
protect against wildfires
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Resilience measures: Shelters and evacuation planning Community volunteer teams such as
CERT, ARES, RACES Community disaster recovery task
forces Backup generators
POSTULATE 1
Resistance and resilience are complimentary
Impact – resist vs. absorb Function – continue vs. gracefully
degrade Resume operations – minimal delay
vs. least possible Defeat vs. limit
POSTULATE 2
No community can be resistant or resilient to all hazards
May be resistant to some hazards May be resilient when faced with
other hazards May be vulnerable to still others
POSTULATE 2 continued
The classic example – even with the best civil defence measures in the world, few communities would even meet minimal resilience criteria if they were targeted by multiple 1-5 megaton nuclear weapons
POSTULATE 3
Cost increases as you move from resilience to resistance
At the same time specificity may well also increase so that a specific resistance measure may have limited utility against other threats
POSTULATE 4
There is a reasonable compromise: plan to achieve resistance where
possible against high value threats, and
achieve resilience for those we cannot reasonably resist
POSTULATE 5
Resistance and resilience are achieved in differing programmatic phases
For a community with no recent disasters: Resistance – mitigation and
preparedness Resilience – preparedness, response,
recovery
POSTULATE 5 continued
For a community with a recent disaster: Resistance – mitigation,
preparedness, recovery Resilience – preparedness, response,
recovery
POSTULATE 6
Effective resistance and resilience requires: Coordinated integrated effort Long term commitment Partnership between government,
business and industry, voluntary agencies, and the citizenry
POSTULATE 7 The more resistant and resilient a community
is: The less the damage from a bad event. The cheaper the disaster costs (balanced
against increased emergency management costs).
The more rapid the return to normal. The lower the rate of dysfunction in the
community post disaster.