Resilience, Coping, and Relationship

BuildingAmra, Monique and Patience

Class activity

Divide into groups of 3 (self select). Discuss an adverse or negative situation you experienced. What were your initial feelings and how long did they last? What did you do in response to that situation? When did you realize you were ready to take on your regular routine again or create a new routine for yourself?

What is Resilience?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=GvIczMyWfns&feature=fvwp

One more definition…

“In the context of exposure to significant adversity, resilience is both the capacity of individuals to navigate their way to the psychological, social, cultural and physical resources that sustain their well-being, and their capacity individually and collectively to negotiate for these resources to be provided and experienced in culturally meaningful ways.” (Ungar, 2008, p.225)

What about coping?

What do resiliency and coping have in common? How are they different?

What is coping?

Coping is a set of efforts that “seek to manage, master, tolerate, reduce or minimize the demands of stressful environment,” (Taylor & Stanton, 2007, p. 378).

Similarities between resilience and coping

Both are easier to positively maintain when protective factors are in place such as optimism, a sense of mastery or personal control of one’s life, self esteem and positive social supports.

Differences between resiliency and coping

Coping responses can consist of direct action or avoidance and can be adaptive or maladaptive (Taylor & Stanton, 2007). Whereas those who are resilient adapt to their adverse situation rather than simply manage or tolerate it (Corcoran & Nichols-Casebolt, 2004)

Why is resiliency important?

The amount of resiliency one has can determine how well a person responds to a stressful or adverse situation whether that be discrimination, trauma, loss, or other negative circumstances. Having a lower level of resilience may result in any number of mental health concerns such as depression, PTSD, etc.

Risk & Protective Factors in Resiliency

Risk and protective factors for resiliency often converse with each other. Three types of protective factors: individual, family, and environmental/situational (micro, meso, and macro). Within these 3 types protective and risk factors range from health, intelligence and self-esteem, to family cohesion and socioeconomic resources, to community social support and discrimination (either the presence or lack of).

Limitations in current research

“…resilience research tends to neglect the heart of the matter: the value people and communities place on various factors, especially when they do not fit within society’s dominant paradigms. Resilience research has not adequately acknowledged different communities’ meaning systems or described the reciprocal processes taking place at the intersection of personal and community meaning-making,” (Ungar in Wexler, DiFluvio & Burke, 2009).

Case Study: Resiliency in Bosnia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Women’s groups

Hand embroidered cloth

Bosnian participant

Embroidery work

Creating resiliency together

Program graduates knit

Products in display

Making a beautiful rug

Threading of yarn

Woman opened her own store

Cultural Competency and Relationship

Building“Relationship between individuals may hold more weight than credentials” (Aronso, 2004, p. 185)

CATEGORY 2010 2011

Canada’s total

population

0.8% 0.7%

Family Class 60,222 56,419

Economic Class

186,920 156,077

Permanent residents in

AB

32,650 30,941

What is Culture?

Ethnicity is a quality of group identity that comes

from shared history, ancestry, and language

usually tied to a place and time

Race is a sense of group identity that comes from similar

physical characteristics

Racial

group

Ethnic groups Cultural

groups

(Samantrai, 2004, pp. 31-32)

CULTURE???

(Perry & Tate-Manning, 2006, p. 737)“Culture can be broadly understood as a social group that among other similarities can share values, beliefs, customs and worldviews”.

(James, 2003, p. 202)“…changes within a culture are due to global influences, the movement of people from one country to/and or another and the interaction of various racial, ethnic and social groups”.

(NASW, 2001, p. 11)

“A process of improving individuals’ and systems ability to respond to “people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each”.

CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED

(Green, 1982, p.87)“The ability to conduct professional work in a way that is consistent with the expectations which members of distinctive culture regard as appropriate among themselves”.

(Samantrai, 2004, p. 32)“Refers to ways of thinking and behaving that enable members of one cultural, ethnic, or linguistic group to work effectively with members of another”.

CULTURAL COMPETENCE ???

CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED(Cross, Bazron, Dennis, & Isaac, 1989, p. 13)

“Cultural competence embraces the importance of culture, the assessment of cross-cultural relations, vigilance towards the dynamics that results from cultural differences, the expansion of cultural knowledge and the adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs”

(Kohli, Huber, & Faul, 2010, p. 257)

“Cultural competence…involves awareness of one’s own biases or prejudices and is rooted in respect, validation, and openness towards differences among people. Cultural competence begins with an awareness of one’s own cultural beliefs and practices, and the recognition that others believe in different truths/realities than one’s own. It also implies that there is more than one way of doing the same thing in a right manner”.

CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED

CULTURAL COMPETENCY IS A JOURNEY NOT A GOAL

Conceptualization of Cultural Competency to Practice

Knowledge Base

• Self awareness• Awareness

Skill Base

• Relationship building

Value

Base

• Attitude towards client• Social justice

Samantrai, 2004, pp. 32-33

WO

RK

ER

’S L

EV

EL

Relationship building

Your Yard stick Assessment

Validate children’s knowledge

Help seeking strategies

How to address people

Avoid labelling or stereotypes

Avoid ethnic lumping

(Fontes, 2005)

IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Loyalty and attachment to family

Collectivism

Respect for authority

Warmth in interpersonal relationship

(stutman, Baruch, Grotberg, & Rathore, 2002)

Latino Youth

Resilience envision a return to the traditional culture of the past as a fundamental path to healing

Characteristic specific to their culture is: Spirituality, Holism Resistance Forgiveness

(Tousignant, & Sioui, 2009)

Aboriginals

(Hiroko & Matute, 2012)The Explorative Work

ETHIOPIANS: Elders, pastors, (Dr. Lulu)

SUDANESE: Elders, older relatives, close family

SOMALIANS: Police but family

AFRICANS

Search for Harmony.

The Story of Little Turtle. (Agnell, 2000)

Understanding the difference between resiliency and coping, some methods in which people show and maintain resiliency and non-Western cultural methods of building relationships can help us assess further strengths within our clients.

Final thoughts…

Reference List

Agnell, G. Brent. (2000). Cultural Resilience in North American Indian First Nations: The Story of Little Turtle. Critical Social work, vol. 1, no 1.

Andersson, N., & Ledogar, J. R. (2008). The CIET Aboriginal , Youth Resilience Studies: 14 Years of Capacity Building and Methods Development in Canada. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health 6(2)

Bourassa, J. (2009). Psychosocial interventions and mass populations: A social work perspectives. International Social Work, 52(6), 743-755

Carbonell, D.M., Reinherz, H.Z., Giaconia, R.M., Stashwick, C.K., Paradis, A.D. & Beardslee, W.R. (2002). Adolescent protective factors promoting resilience in young adults at risk for depression. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 19 (5), 393-412.

Corcoran, J. & Nichols-Casebolt, A. (2004). Risk and resilience ecological framework for assessment and goal formulation. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21 (3), 211-235.

Reference List • Cross, T., B. Bazron, K. Dennis & M. Isaacs (1989). Towards a Culturally Competent

System of Care. Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Centre.• Green, J. (1982). Cultural Awareness in the Human Services. Englewood Cliffs,

NJ:Prentice-Hall.

• Keefe, S.E. (2009). Participatory development in Appalachia: Cultural identity, community, and sustainability. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press

• James, J. (2003). Seeing Ourselves: Exploring Race, Ethnicity and Culture (3rd ed.).Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

• Kohli, H. K., Huber, R., & Faul, A. C. (2010). Historical and theoretical development of culturally competent social work practice. Journal of Teaching in social work, 30, 252-271. doi: 10.1080/08841233.2010.499091

Reference List• Perry, C., & L. Tate-Manning (2006). “Unravelling Cultural Constructions in Social

Work Education: Journeying toward Cultural Competence.” Social Work Education 28, no. 7, 735-745.

• Samantrai, K. (2004). Culturally Competent Public Child Welfare Practice. Australia: Thomson-Brooks/Cole.

• Stutman, S., Baruch, R., Groterg, . & Rathore, Z. (2002). Resilience in Latino Youth. Working Paper, Institute for Mental Health Initiatives. Washington DC: The George Washington University. The CIET Aboriginal

• Taylor, S.E. & Stanton, A.L. (2007). Coping resources, coping processes and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 377-401.

• Tousignant, M., & Sioui, Nibisha. (2009). Resilience and Aboriginal Communities in Crisis: Theory and Interventions. Canada: Journal of Aboriginal Health

Questions/Comments?