residential rehabilitation, remodeling and …...residential rehabilitation, remodeling and...

Residential Rehabilitation, Remodeling and Universal Design

THE CENTER FOR UNIVERSAL DESIGN NC STATE UNIVERSITY College of Design

Dedication

The Center for Universal Design dedicates this noteworthy publication to John

Dalrymple, who during his decades of work at the Division of Vocational Reha-

bilitation, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, devoted his

life to promoting independent living for all North Carolinians. John understood

that local recipients of state agency housing rehabilitation funds could benefit

from a publication such as this. He also knew if this document could be placed

in the hands of the Division of Community Assistance and the North Carolina

Housing Finance Agency, as well as owners of single-family housing, significant

improvements could be made in housing across the State.

John inspired the Priority Features List contained in this publication. In addi-

tion, the unique approach to a commonplace room found in all housing—the

bathroom—sets this publication apart from all others. Showing multiple strate-

gies to modify the same small residential bathroom has never been addressed

in this manner. The publication offers options for those wishing to make their

environment better accommodate their needs, perhaps allowing families to live

more safely and comfortably in the home of their choice as long as desired.

Produced by

TheCenterforUniversalDesign

CollegeofDesign,NCStateUniversity

for the

NCDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices

DivisionofVocationalRehabilitation

IndependentLivingServices

Credits

Authorship:LeslieC.Young

ArchitecturalDesignand

ConceptIllustrations:RexJ.Pace

Reviewers:JohnDalrymple,PhilProtz

GraphicDesignandProduction:JayHarlowandMarceloGuimaraes

Illustrations:RexJ.Pace

© 2006, Center for Universal Design

Residential Rehabilitation, Remodeling and Universal Design

Table of Contents Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SelectingaDwelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

PriorityList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Entrance Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Ramps,Lifts,SiteGradingandLandscaping. . . . . . . . . 8

RemodeledEntry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Bathroom Modifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 FeaturesandElementsinthePlans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

BathroomPlans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Select Universal Features for All Housing . . . . . . 21

Recommended Universal Design References. . . . 23

IntroductionInrecentyearsithasbecomemorewidelyrecognizedthatresidentialdesign

mustaddressadynamicrangeofpeopleandabilities.Housinginthiscentury

mustbeadaptabletoaccommodatethedifferingneedsandrequirementsofthe

users.Individualcharacteristicssuchasstrengthoragilityshouldnotprevent

apersonfromsafelyusingandenjoyingallfeaturesintheirhome.Thisdesign

approach,knownasUniversal Design,strivestomakeday-to-daylivingand

hometaskspossibleandsaferforeveryone,allowingapersontoremaininde-

pendentforaslongaspossible.

Thesegoalsareassignificantforaffordablehousingastheyareformarket

ratehousing.Theymay,infact,beevenmorecriticalforhouseholdslackingthe

financialandcommunityresourcestoeffectivelydealwithdramaticlifechanges

fromsicknessandinjury,effectsofaging,orthosesupportingotherfamily

membersaffectedbytheseissues.Formanyhouseholds,findingdecent,afford-

ablehousingthatalsosupportstheiractivitiesisextremelydifficult.Afamily

livinginatypicalhomeoftenfacesexpensivemodificationstheycannotafford

suchasaddingramps,wideningdoorways,orcreatingusablebathrooms.

Littlehousingtoday,whethersingle-ormultifamily,adequatelyrespondsto

thediverseandeverchangingneedsofthepopulation.TheFair Housing Act

andtheNorth Carolina Accessibility Codearealteringthemultifamilyhous-

ingindustry,buttherequirementsoftheseaccessibilityprovisionsonlyoffera

limiteddegreeofusabilitytomanypeople.Universal Designincorporatesmany

accessibilitycoderequirementsandstressesinnovativesolutionstofacilitate

dailylivingandindependence,especiallyforpeoplewhohave,are,orwillbe

experiencingchangesintheirmobilityand/orsightandhearing.

Inthecomingyears,severalstateagenciesarerehabilitatingtargetedolder

homesownedbypeopleoflowincome.Significantrehabilitationmayoccurto

addressstructural,energy,weatherization,andplumbingconcerns.Insome

casesindividualhomesarealreadyidentifiedforupgradebasedontheoccu-

pant’sneeds,i.e.,olderadultsandpeoplewithdisabilities.Whensignificant

constructionisunderway,whatbettertimetoaddresskeyissuesofusability?

Entrancesandbathroomsaretwosignificantareaswheremobilityisessen-

tial.Itiscriticaltoensurethatpeopleareabletogetinandoutoftheirhome.

Usablebathrooms,ontheotherhand,areessentialforsurvivinginone’shome

withatemporaryoralong-termdisablingcondition.Safetyandindependence

�Residential Rehabilitation, Remodeling and Universal Design

Whensignificantcon-structionisunderway,whatbettertimetoaddresskeyissuesofusability?

�

withinone’shomeisimpactedbybathroomdesigntosuchagreatextentthatit

istheprimaryfocusofthisdocument.

Thispublicationintroduceskeyuniversalfeaturestoincludewhenmodifyingor

rehabilitatingasingle-ormultifamilydwelling.Themostcriticalfeaturesare

providedina14-itemlistwiththehighestpriorityassignedanumberone(see

page7).Inthebackofthisdocumentisamorecomprehensivelistofadditional

featuresthatcouldbeincorporated.Thosehomeownerswiththefinancial

resourcestoremodeltheirhomesmayfindhelpfulthedesignguidanceinthe

14-itemaswellastheexpandedlist.

Housingdesignsthatsupportoccupantswithadisabilitynowandrequireno

expensivemodificationslaterareclearlysuperiortostandarddesigns.When

housingcanbesaferandmoreusablebycurrentandfutureresidentsallowing

themto“ageinplace”,countlessdollarsincostlynursinghomeandMedicaid

expensescanbesaved.Closefamilyandcommunityrelationscanbemain-

tained,contributingtoanindividual’ssenseofplaceandhelpingtomaintain

communitycohesiveness,neighborhoodpermanence,aswellasindividual

mentalandphysicalhealth.

Key Features to Increase Function and UsabilityOverthenextfiveyearstheNCHousingFinanceAgency(NCHFA)andtheNCDivi-

sionofCommunityAssistance(NCDCA),willbeworkingtorehabilitatehundreds

ofNorthCarolinahomesusingHOMEInvestmentPartnershipProgramandCom-

munityDevelopmentBlockGrant(CDBG)funds.Bothagenciespresentlyserve

manyfamilieswitholderadultsandpeoplewithdisabilities.Eachagencyhas

affirmeditscommitmenttoUniversal Designwherefeasible.

The14-itemPriorityListonpage7offerscriticalkeyfeaturesandelementsto

includeinrehabilitationworkwhenonlyalimitednumberofuniversalfeatures

arepossible.Thenumbersinthe“Priority”columnindicatetheimportanceof

thefeature.IncorporatingasmanyfeaturesaspossibleinthePriorityListis

encouragedwhensignificantrehabilitationormodificationsarebeingconsid-

eredforinaccessiblehousingcurrentlyoccupiedbyanolderadultoraperson

withadisability.Recognizingexactdimensionscannotalwaysbeprovided,it

isrecommendedaclearusablepathwaybecreatedtoallowapersonusinga

wheelchair(orsomeonewithanymobilitylimitation)tosafelyenterandexitthe

dwellingandmaneuverthroughoutthelivingspacesonthegroundfloor,includ-

ingthebathroom.

AllfeaturesinthePriorityListarestructuralanddonotincludesuchitems

asgrabbars,easy-to-useleverfaucets,andleverdoorhardwarethatcanbe

addedlateratlittlecost.Thegoalofthisdocumentistoencouragetheinclusion

ofuniversalfeatureswhilesubstantialrehabilitationeffortsareunderway—

changesthatwouldbetoocostlytomakelater.Amorecomprehensivefeatures

list,providedattheendofthispublication,shouldbereviewedtodetermineif

additionaluniversalelementscouldalsobeincorporated.

DevelopedbytheCenterforUniversalDesignincollaborationwiththeDivision

ofVocationalRehabilitation,IndependentLivingServices,thefinalPriorityList

wasreviewedandinputwasprovidedbypotentialusers,includingseveralNorth

Carolinaagenciesundertakingrehabilitation.Eachagencyhasitsownguidance

manualorconstructionspecificationstoassistwiththeapplicabilityofthese

priorities.


�

Selecting a Dwelling Conducive to Accessibility ImprovementsResidentswithimmediateandimpendingneedswillbenefitmostfromahome

withtheadditionofspecificfeaturesthatmeet,orcanbeadaptedtomeet,

theirneeds.However,whennospecificfeaturesarerequiredatthetimeof

upgrade,thefollowingdesignfeaturesstillshouldbeconsideredtoprovide

thelongest-termaccessibilitybenefittoahome’spresentandfutureresidents.

Manyofthesehomesmay,overtime,houseotherfamilies,thusupgradesto

includeuniversalfeaturesmakeiteasiertoaccommodatetheneedsofany

newfamily.

Featurestoconsiderincludeahousewith:

1. alotthatwouldallowanyoftheentranceoptionsasshownonpage9ofthis

bookletoradwellingwiththefloorlevelnomorethan30inchesabovegrade.

Azero-stepentranceonanaccessibleroutecouldbeatthefront,sideor

backofthehome,orthroughanattachedgarage—wherevermostfeasible

forthegiventerrain.

2. parkingclosetoanentrance.Itmaybepossibletomoveparkingcloserand

installanearthbermwithgentlyslopingwalk(shallowerslopethanaramp)

toanentrance.

3. anentryporchorstepsthatmustbereplacedanyway.Astheporchis

replaced,itispossibletointegrateaconcretepadandexteriorelectrical

junctionboxforfutureinstallationofawheelchairplatformlift.Suchlifts

couldbeownedbyanorganizationoragencyandmovedtoalocation

whenneeded.

4. shortwidehallwaysor

5. hallwaysthatarepossibletowidenbecauseofotherplannedrenovations.

6. alargebathroomthatrequiressomemodificationorasmallbathroom

thatneedsasignificantupgrade,provideditcanbeexpandedthrough

feasiblymovingorremovingwalls.

Priority Features Listonthefacingpageoffersguidanceonselectinguniversal

featurestoincludeindwellingunits–withafocusonunitsbeingrehabilitated

and/or remodeled.Thefeaturesshouldbeincludedwhenevertechnicallyfeasible,

evenifexactdimensionscannotbeprovided,especiallyinhousingforolder

adultsorpeoplewithdisabilities.

Thesefeaturesaregiventhehighestprioritysoapersonusingawheelchairorothermobilitydevicecansafelyandindependentlyenterandexitthedwellingandgettoandmaneuverinthekitchenandbathroom.

Thesefeatures,whenincorporatedintothedwelling,offerresidentswithchildren,afamilymemberwithadisabilityoranolderadultthepossibilityofbeingsafeandindependentforaslongaspossible.

Offsetcontrolsofferincreasedsafetyforallusers.


AREA PRIORITY UNIVERSAL HOUSING FEATURE

Entrances 1. Oneentrancewithoutstepsandaflatorverylowthreshold

2. Minimum60”by60”levelmaneuveringspaceatsteplessentrance(roofoverentranceoffersadditionalconvenience)

General Interior 3. Hallwidthsof42”(wherepossible)

4. Passagedoors32”clear(typicallyprovidedwith36”door)

5. Maneuveringspaceatdoors—ifinswingingdoorobstructsabathroomorkitchen fixtureorappliance,useoffsethinges,swingdoorout,hingedooronoppositejamb, orwidendoorway

6. Increasednumberofelectricaloutletsforadditionallightingandalarmindicators, especiallyinbedrooms

Kitchens 7. Clearfloorspaceinkitchens;manyconfigurationspossible,60”minimum turningcirclerecommended

8. Adaptablecabinetstorevealkneespaceatsinkandunderworksurfacenear cookingappliance

Bathrooms 9. Clearfloorspaceinroom;modestincreaseinroomsizebeyond5’ X 8’

10. Adaptablecabinetswithundersinkkneespace

11. Broadlyappliedbandsofblocking(reinforcement)insidewallsaroundtoilets andbathingfixturesforfutureinstallationofgrabbars

12. Offsetcontrolsintuborshowertominimizestooping,bending,andreaching

13. Toiletina48” X 56”spacewithcenterlineoftoilet18”fromsidewall

14. Curblessshowers,ifinstalled,atleast36”X60”

Priority Features List

�

Entrance OptionsWhenmodifyinganexistingentrance,optionstocreateasteplessentrance

includeramps,verticalplatformliftsandlandscaping.Eachisappropriatefor

aparticularcombinationofresources,heights,andsiteconditions.Theadvan-

tagesanddisadvantagesforeachoptionmustbecarefullyconsidered.

Ramps

Rampsarethemostfamiliarresidentialaccessibilitymodification.Theycanbe

builtrelativelyquicklyandinexpensively.Althoughrampsmakeabigdifference

inthelivesofthosewhousethem,theydohavesomedrawbacks.Rampsac-

commodatingrisesabove30inchesrequireextensiveconstruction,maybevery

long,occupyasignificantamountofspace,andcanbequiteexpensive.Ramps

arenotmaintenancefree.Leaf,snowandiceremoval,painting,andperiodic

repairsalltaketimeandresources.Rampsshouldbethoughtfullyplannedso

theyareconstructedinastylecompatiblewiththehouse.Someresidentsare

concernedthatrampslabeltheoccupantasvulnerableandmakethemmore

susceptibletobreak-ins.

Lifts

Takinguplessthan30squarefeetofspace,anelectricallyoperatedvertical

platformwheelchairliftcanavoidthespaceproblemsoflongramps.Wherepos-

sible,locateliftsundercovertoreducesnowandiceaccumulationinthewinter.

Onsitespronetoflooding,potentialwaterdamagetomechanicalcomponents

mustbeconsidered.Thecostoflifts,includingaconcreteslab,electricalpower

andrelatedremodelingexpenses,rangesbetween$5,000-$15,000.

Site Grading and Landscaping

Siteconditionscanofferanopportunitytouselandscapedearthpathwaysfor

amorenaturalandblendedsolution.Thisapproachmayincludearetainingwall,

anearthberm,andsometimesabridgetoanentrance.Asafepathwithagentle

slopeof1:20orlesscanbebuiltwithouthandrails(unlessthereareabrupt

drop-offsortheyareneededbyusers),therebyavoidingthecostandintrusive

appearanceofhandrails.Landscapedoptionsmaybemoreexpensivethanan

equivalentramp,butusuallyhavealongerlifespanandrequirelessmainte-

nance.Theremodeledentranceshownonpage10makesuseofthe“earth

bermconcept.”

Multifamily Housing Entrance Upgrade


Single-family House Entrance Upgrade plantingsminimizeandsoftenthevisualimpactoframps

Ramps workbestforheightsupto30”

Lifts space-savingoptionforheightsover30”

Earth Berms and Regrading dependingonsiteconditions,canworkforallheights.Seepage10foramoredetailedillustrationofanearthberm.

sitearrivalpoints

accessaisleandaccessibleparkingspaces

curbramp

accessibleprimaryentrance

curbramp

Coveredentrancehelpscontrolwateratlowthresholdandprovidesprotectionduringinclementweather

Provideadequatemaneuveringspacearoundscreenorstormdoors

5’ x 5’minimumlevellandingareaformaneuvering

4’-0”widewalkwayslopedat1:20orless,slopessteeperthan1:20necessitatehandrails

Usingacombinationofearthbermandretain-ingwallsisaneffectivemethodforprovidingasteplessroutetothelandingwhilemaintaininganintegratedappearancewiththehomeandsurroundingsite.

Providegoodoveralllightingplusfocusedlightingatlocksetsandhousenumberfornighttimesecurityandease-of-use

Highcontrasthousenumbers,easytoreadfromadistance

Handrailwithintegralpackageshelf

Originalsmallstoopremoved

Newporchlandingsetatsamelevelasinteriorhousefloor,eliminatesstepatentrydoor

5’ x 5’clearlevelareaformaneuveringonthelandingisrecommendedandmaybenecessarywhenscreenorstormdoorsareprovided.

18”minimumtopullsideofdoor,24”preferred

Remodeled Stepless Entry

10

Bothentryandscreendoorprovideamin.32”clearopening–leverhandlehardware

5-0”minimumlandingsize

5-0”m

inim

um

Additionalloweredpeep-holeforseatedorshortadultsandchildren

Flushorlowprofilethreshold,1/2”highmax.

Bathroom ModificationsMereinchesmakethedifferencebetweenindependenceanddependence.Howcan

thegreatestusabilitybeachievedwithinverytightconstraints?Asmallbath-

roomplanwithallplumbingfixturesmountedalongacommonwallisthebasisfor

ninedifferentsolutions:fromrenovationsinsideexistingwallstomoreextensive

constructionusinga“bumpout”or“mini”addition.Thesemodifiedplanscanbe

consideredinavarietyofapplicationsfromsingle-familytomultifamilyhousing.

Bothbathtubsandroll-inorcurblessshowersareaddressed.Seethepublication

Curbless Showersforadditionalinformationontheuniquefeaturesofthisbathing

fixture,availableforfreedownloadatcenterforuniversaldesign.org.

Additionalguidanceisprovidedoneachplanpagetohelpselectthemostappro-

priatebathroommodification.Eachpageindicateswhichplanmodificationcom-

plieswithspecificNCaccessibilityrequirements.Althoughnotalwaysnecessary

forbathroommodificationstocomply,itgivesthecontractorareferencepoint

andsomeawarenessofhowsuccessfulthemodifiedbathroommaybeforaspe-

cificuser.Aresidentmaybeabletobetterarticulatepersonalneedsifheorshe

canuseplanstoinitiatediscussion.

Themodifiedplansareshownfromleastusable/accessibletoprovidingamuch

higherlevelofaccessibility.(Accessibilitycodesonlyprovideinstructionsfor

minimumlevelsofaccessibility.)TheNCHousingFinanceAgencyQAP“bonus

points”bathroomsaremuchclosertoa“universallyusablebathroom.”

higher usability

moderate usability

lower usability

QAP

MeetsNCACTypeAandincorporatestwoadditionalfeatures:a5’X5’clearfloorspaceforthetoiletandacurbless(roll-in)showeratleast60”longand36”deep.

MeetstherequirementsintheNCACfor“fullyaccessible”TypeAunits.QualifiedAllocationPlan(QAP)requirementsestablishedbytheNCHousingFinanceAgencyallowbuildersofmultifamilyhousingunitsfundedunderthelowincometaxcreditplantobeawardedextrabonuspointsforunitswitha5’ X 5’clearfloorspaceatthetoilet.Curblessshowersatleast36” X 60” (largerrecommended)arenowrequiredin5%ofallQAPunits.Theseunitshavesomeofthehighestlevelsofusability.

NCAC Type A

TypeA“fullyaccessible”unitasspecifiedintheNCAccessibilityCode.

MeetsState“fullyaccessible”designrequirements.(Note:buildingcodesprovidetheminimumrequirementsforcompliance).

NCAC Type B

TypeB“accessible”unitasspecifiedintheNCAccessibilityCode.

MeetsState“accessible”orFairHousingdesignrequirements.TheserequirementsarelessthanforTypeAandofferamodestlevelofaccessibility.

11Residential Rehabilitation, Remodeling and Universal Design

12

Features and Elements Shown in the Plans

•Allmodifiedplansincludekneespacebelowlavatories.

•Horizontalandfold-downgrabbarsareshowninconventionallocations.

•Additionalspacehasbeenallocatedbesidethetoilettoallowsafer

transfersandassistanceifneeded.

•Extramaneuveringandclearfloorspaceisprovided.

•Pocketdoorsareshowninsomeplans.

•Offsetcontrolsareshowninbathtubsandshowers.

•Clearfloorspaceisshownforapproachtofixtures.

•5-footdiameterturningcircleisshownwhenspaceisavailabletoexecute

suchaturn.

• Allplansshowreinforcingaroundtoiletandbathingfixtures.

Pocket Doors.Veryinexpensivedoorsmaybeproblematic;however,manypocket

doorsareavailablethatcansuccessfullybeusedintheseinstallations.Pocket

doorsareshownbecauseinsmallspaceshingeddoors,ifinswinging,oftenlimit

maneuveringspacewithintheroom.Outswingingdoorshavethepotentialto

injuresomeoneapproachingtheroom.

Grab Bars and Reinforcing.Incertaininstancesthelengthofthebarmaybeshorter

thanspecifiedinaccessibilitycodesandstandards;however,inrehabilitationand

remodelingworkthisisgenerallynotascriticalunlesscomplianceisrequired.

Reinforcingabroadbandofwallareaaroundbathingfixturesandthetoiletis

preferredtoinstallinggrabbarsinthelimitedlocationsspecifiedinmanyacces-

sibilitydesigndocuments.Asinglebarlocationdoesnotworkforallusers.Other

locationsareoftendesirableandneededandcanbeaccommodatedifenlarged

reinforcedareasareprovided.

Offset Controls.Thissimpleconceptassistsallusers.Wheninstallingnewfaucet

controlsinthebathtuborshower,locatethecontrolsclosetotheoutsideofthe

enclosure.Controlsinthispositioncanbeeasilyoperatedfromoutsidetosetand

testthewatertemperaturebeforeentering.Thislocationiseasiertoreachand

requiresmuchlessbendingandstoopingforastandingpersonandofferseasier

accessfromoutsidethebathingfixtureforapersonusingawheelchair

orscooter.

1�Residential Rehabilitation, Remodeling and Universal Design

4’-6”min.recommended 5’-0”min.recommended

4’-0

”min.recom

men

ded

8”max.recommended Faucetcontrolsset

towardtheoutsideofthetuborshowerminimizestoopingandbending.

Reinforcing Enlarged Areas of Reinforcing around Toilet

Controls Offset Tub and Shower Control

Doorway Width Swing-clear Hinges Installed to Widen Interior Doorway

Swing-awayorswingclearhingesallowdoortoswingoutofdooropeningincreas-ingtheclearwidthbyapproximately2”

1�

Bathroom Plans

Changes• Removebathtubandreplaceentirefloor• Newwideroutswingingdoor• Newwall-hungcountertoplavatory

Plan Meets: NCACType“B”AccessibleRequirements

Plan Does Not Meet NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements

Advantages and Concerns Additionalspacebesidetoilet Wetareaoptionutilizesexistingplumbing locations Significantlymorespaceformaneuvering thanininaccessibleplan.Floorarealacks fullturningspaceforwheelchairusers.

Toiletlocationrequiresfold-downgrab bar(formanyusers,lesssecurethanwall- mountedbar).

Fold-downgrabbaroption 2’-10”doorwithswing-

clearhingesandcustomtrimwork,necessaryifstandarddepthlavatorycounterused

Plan 1: “Wet Area” Design (Changes within existing room only)

Common Problems• Narrowentrydoor• Lackofturningspace• Lackofmaneuveringspacetosideoftoilet• Toiletlocationobstructsbathingfixture• Nokneespacebelowlavatory• Noreinforcinginwallsforgrabbars

Inaccessible Plan Conventional

5’-0”

lessthan32”

7’-6

”

Wall Key:existing

new


Changes• Incorporate1/2ofrightcloset• Relocatetoiletandlavatoryplumbing• Newwideroutswingingdoor• Widerwall-hungcounterlavatory


Plan Does Not Meet: NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements

Advantages and Concerns Someadditionalspacebesidethetoiletfor wheelchairusers Improvedlavatoryaccess Existingbathtubremains

Recommendedinstallationofoffsettub control

Floorarealacksfullturningspaceforwheel- chairusers Fold-downgrabbarbesidetoiletmaybe necessaryforsomeusers.Shortsidewall, reducedbydoor,limitsgrabbarlength.

Changes• Removebathtubandreplaceentirefloor• Widerdoor(pocket)• Relocatetoiletandshowerplumbing• Newwall-hunglavatory


Plan Does Not Meet: NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements

Advantages and Concerns Additionalspacebesidetoilet

Designdependentoncurblesswetarea

Turningaroundpossible,butobstructedby lavatory.Peopleusingscootersoroversized wheelchairsmustmakemultipleadjustments andturnstomaneuver.

Plan 2: “Wet Area” Design (Changes within existing room only)

Plan 3: Tub Location Unchanged (Modest Expansion)

Locatedoorascloseaspossibletolavatorycountertop

Wall-hungfixtureorunder-sizedcountertoptopermitmaximumdoorwidth.

3’-6

”

Fold-downgrabbaroption

1’-6

”1’

-3”

1�

Bathroom Plans

Changes• Incorporateportionofadjacentrightcloset• Relocatetoiletplumbing• Widerpocketdooroption• Newwall-hunglavatory


Plan Does Not Meet NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements

Advantages and Concerns Improvedaccesstobathtub Existingbathtubremains

Recommendedinstallationofoffsettub control

“Obstructed”wheelchairturningspacerelies onclearancebelowlavatory Whileadditionalspaceisprovidedbeside toilet,thisspacemayneedtobeenlarged forsomeusers Fold-downgrabbarbesidetoiletmaybe requiredforsomeusers.Shortsidewall, reducedbydoor,limitsgrabbarlength.

Plan 4: Tub Location Unchanged (Modest Expansion)

Fold-downgrabbaroption

Wall-hungfixtureorundersizedcountertoptopermitdooropening

4’-0

”

1’-6

”

1’-3

”

2’-6”



5’-0”

lessthan32”

7’-6

”

Wall Key:existing

new


Changes• Incorporateportionsofbothadjacentclosets• Relocatetoiletandlavatoryplumbing• New“curbless”roll-inshower• Newwideroutswingingdoor• Newwiderlavatorycounter


Plan Does Not Meet: NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements (primarilybecausesidewalltooshortto supportacomplyingbar)

Advantages and Concerns Improvedaccessformostusers Goodbathingandlavatoryaccess Turningspaceoverlapsflattrenchdrain Noturnsareexecutedacrossshowerfloor warpedtothecenterdrain Showeroccupiesbathtubspace 36-inchshowerdepth,deepershowers bettercontainwater

Someusersmayneedmorespacebeside thetoilet Grabbarlengthonsidewallrestricted bydoorlocation

Changes• Incorporateentireadjacentrightcloset• Relocateallplumbing• Newwideroutswingingdoor• Additionalstoragespace


NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements (primarilybecausesidewalltooshortto supportacomplyingbar)

NCQAPfor95%ofunits,butnotthe5% requiredtohavecurblessroll-inshowers

Advantages and Concerns Improvedaccesstoallfixtures Goodaccesstobathtubandtubcontrols Fullunobstructedturningspace

Restrictedaccesstotoilet Someusersmayneedmorespacebeside thetoilet Lengthofgrabbarbesidetoiletisrestricted bydoorlocation

Plan 5: Increased Usability with Tub (Modest Expansion)

Plan 6: Increased Usability with Shower (Larger Expansion)

trenchdrainprovidesflushtransitionbetweenroomandshowerfloors

36”x60”clearfloorspaceforshower

customcountertoporwall-hunglavatoryrequiredfor3’-0”min.widetoiletalcove

storageshelvesorcabinet

4’-6

”3’

-0”

1’-6

” 3’-0

”

lessthan54”

3’-0

”

1’-6

”1’

-3”

lessthan54”

1�

Bathroom Plans

Changes• Incorporateentireadjacentrightcloset• Incorporatesmall“bumpout”ormini- additionforshower• Relocateplumbingandallfixtures• New“curbless”roll-inshower• Newwideroutswingingdoor

Plan Meets: NCACType“B”AccessibleRequirements NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements NCQAPforbonuspoints

Advantages and Concerns Improvedusabilityformostpeople Goodaccesstoallfixtures Unobstructedturningspacethatonly minimallyutilizeslavatorykneespace Generousspacetosideandfrontoftoilet accommodatesawiderangeoftransfer styles

Layoutrequiresaminiaddition

Plan 7: Accessible with Shower (Expansion and “Mini” Addition)



5’-0”

lessthan32”

7’-6

”

5’-0”

2’-6

”

6’-8

”

1’-6”

storageshelforcabinet

QAP5’ X 5’clearfloorspacefortoilet

48”deepclearfloorspaceforentrydoor

locateentrydoorascloseaspossibletoadjacentsidewall

36” X 60”clearfloorspaceforshower

Wall Key:existing

new


Changes• Incorporateadjacentleftand1/2of rightcloset• Incorporatesmall“bumpout”• Relocateallplumbing• New“curbless”roll-inshower• Widerpocketdooroption• Widerwall-hungcounterlavatory• Additionalstoragespace

Plan Meets: NCACType“B”AccessibleRequirements NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements NCQAPforbonuspoints

Advantages and Concerns Workswellforarangeofusers Goodaccesstoallfixtures Unobstructedturningspace Otherimprovements:widerlavatorycounter, linenstorage,basecabinets,windows Generousspacetosideandfrontoftoilet accommodatesrangeoftransferstyles Compartmentalizeddesignanadvantagefor familiesandinothersharedfacilities

Changes• Incorporateadjacentrightandof1/2 leftcloset• Relocatelavatoryandtoiletplumbing• Widerlavatorycounter• Wideroutswingingdoor• Additionalstoragespace• Existingbathtubreplumbedtoinclude offsetcontrols

Plan Meets: NCACType“B”AccessibleRequirements NCACType“A”FullyAccessibleRequirements

Plan Does Not Meet: NCQAPforextrabonuspointsduetolackof curblessshower

Advantages and Concerns Workswellforarangeofusers Goodaccesstoallfixtures Unobstructedturningspace Otherroomimprovements:widerlavatory counterandlinenstorage.

Plan 8: Universal with Bathtub (Larger Expansion)

Plan 9: Universal with Shower (Expansion and “Mini” Addition) see illustration on next page

4’-0” min.

3’-6

”

1’-6”

8’-4”

5’-0

”5’

-0”

3’-6

”

storageshelvesorcabinet

QAP5’ X 5’clearfloorspacefortoilet

36” X 60”clearfloorspaceforshower

storageshelforcabinet

20

Remodeled Bathroom

Pocketdoorwithloophandlehardwareis

analternativetoout-swingingdoorthatmayobstructhall

orroomcirculation

Switchesandoutletsineasy-to-reach

accessiblelocations

Leverhandlefaucetcontrol

Shallowlavatorywithreardraintopermit

kneespaceclearances

Hand-heldshowerheadonadjustableheightslidemountwithoff-setanti-scaldvalveandsingleleverhandlevalve

Incorporateadditional“livability”featuressuchasstorageorshelving

Wholewallareasofplywoodorothersolidmaterialreinforcingallowgrabbarplacementatthebestheightsandconfigu-rationstosuitindividualneeds

Toiletseatheightfrom15”min.to19”max.

Removablepipepro-tectionandappearance

panelcarefullycon-figuredtoprovidethenecessarykneespaceforaforwardapproach

Toiletplacedinthecornerofa60”X60”clearfloorspaceisideal,creatingunobstructedareasinfrontandtooneside—thisallowsgreatermaneuveringandtransferoptionsforpeopleusingwheelchairsandthoseneedingassistance

Adaptable Vanity Cabinet Tocreateamoreconventionalandmarketableappearance,kneespacemaybeconcealedwithretractabledoorsoraremovablecabinet.

“Curbless”(roll-in)showerisaversatilefixtureusablebypeoplewithdifferingabilitiesandnecessaryforsome,36”X60”orlarger

Wholewallareasofplywoodorothersolidmaterialreinforcing

Enlargedreinforcedareasprovidemoresecuremountingforfutureinstallationofshowerseats

Recessed Floor Detail Toacheiveacurblessflushshowerthreshold,thefixturemustberecessedintothefloor.

34”max.

18”

36”

min.

60”diam.

Framewidthforpocketdoorsshouldbeatleast

36”toachieveaclear32”opening.Anaccessiblehandleorastopinside

thepocketshouldpreventthedoorfromslidingcompletelyinto

theframe.

Entrances1. Accessibleparkingconvenienttodwelling

(coveredfromtheelements)

2. Accessiblepath of traveltodwellingfrom

parkingordropoffarea(slopeof1:20orless

eliminatesthenecessityforhandrails,except

whenneededbyaspecificindividual)

3. Atleastoneentrancewithout stepsandflush

orlowprofilethreshold

4. Minimum5-feet X 5-feetmaneuveringspace

atsteplessentrance

5. 36-inchminimumexteriordoorwithlever

hardware

6. Movementsensorlightatentrance

7. Asidelightorapeepholeat42and60inches

abovethefloor

8. Ambientandfocusedlightingatkeyhole

9. Highvisibilityaddressnumbers

General Interior1. Hallwidth42 inchesminimum(interior

accessiblerouteis36inches)

2. Interiordoorwidth32-inchminimum

(requires34or36-inchwidedoor),equipped

withleverhardware

3. Flushtransitionsbetweenfloorsurfaces

(maximumof1/2-inchrise)

4. 5 poundsmaximumforcetoopendoors

5. 18-inchminimumspaceatlatchsideofdoor

6. 5-feet X 5-feetmaneuveringspaceineach

room(afterfurnitureisplaced)

7. Increasednumberofelectrical outletsfor

additionallightingandalarmindicators,

especiallyinbedrooms

8. Electricaloutletsat18-inchminimumheight

9. Lightswitches44 inchesmaximumabovefloor

10.Viewwindowsat36-inchmaximumsillheight

andlargeenoughtouseasanescaperoute

intheeventofanemergency

11.Crankoperated(casement)orlightweight

slidingwindows

12.Closetrodsadjustablefrom30inchesto66

inchesabovethefloor

13.Looporothereasy-to-usehandlepullson

drawersandcabinets

14.High contrast,glarefreefloorsurfacesandtrim

15. Low pilecarpetorsmoothanti-slipflooring

16.High-speedInternetaccessdataconnection

portandcabling

21Residential Rehabilitation, Remodeling and Universal Design

Select Universal Features forAllHousing:Single+Multifamily

22

Bathrooms1. 60-inchdiameterturningcircle

2. 30-inch X 48-inchareaofapproach(forward

orparallel,dependingonfixturetype)in

frontofallfixtures

3. Toiletmoreusablebymanyifpositionedin

a5-feetX5-feetspacewithcenterline

18inchesfromsidewall

4. 32-inchminimumlavatorycounterheightwith

leverfaucetcontrol

5. Adaptablecabinetstorevealkneespace

underlavatory.Exposedpipinginkneespace

shouldbepaddedorconcealed.

6. Whentuborshowerareinstalled,select

modelsdesignedtoacceptaportablebench

orbathingseat

7. Curblessorroll-in showerplusstandardtub

8. Offsetsingle-levercontrolsintubandshower

tominimizestooping,bending,andreaching

9. Adjustableheighthand-heldshowerheadin

additiontostandardfixedshowerhead

10.Anti-scalddevicesonallplumbingfixtures

11.Enlargedreinforcedareasaroundtoiletand

bathingfixturetoprovidesecuremounting

locationsforgrabbarsandshowerseats

12.Mirrortobacksplashatlavatory

13.Contrasting coloredgeborderatcountertops

* SeeCurbless Showerbookletavailableasfree downloadfromtheCenterforUniversalDesign

website:www.centerforuniversaldesign.org

Kitchens 1. 60-inchdiameterturningspace

2. 30-inch X 48-inchareaofapproach(forward

orparallel,dependingonfixturetype)in

frontofallappliances

3. Cooktoporrangewithfront-orside-mounted

controlsandstaggeredburnerstoeliminate

dangerousreaching

4. Front-mountedcontrolsonwasheranddryer

5. Adaptablecabinetstorevealkneespace

(whenneeded)atsinkandunderworksur-

facenearcookingappliance

6. Variableheightsinkadjustablebetween32

and40inches

7. Exposedpipingandanysharporhotele-

mentsinanykneespaceshouldbepadded

orconcealed

8. Single-leverfaucetcontrols

9. Fullheightpantrycabinetsforhighandlow

storage.

10. Adjustableheightshelvesinwallcabinets

11.Refrigerator/freezerwithfrozenfood

storageinthebottomorside-by-side

refrigerator/freezer

12.Variableheightcounter surfacesoradjustable

througharangeof28to40inches

13.Basecabinetswithpulloutshelvesordrawers

14.Contrasting coloredgeborderatcountertops

15.Microwaveovenatcountertopheightwith

uninterruptedcountersurfaceorpullout

shelftosupportthesafetransferofhotand/

orheavycookware

16.Undercabinetglarefreetask lighting


Recommended Universal Design References

Accessible Home Design: Architectural Solutions

for the Wheelchair User

ThomasD.Davies,AIA,KimBeasley,AIA

1999, $22.95

PVADistributionCenter

P.O.Box753

Waldorf,MD20604-0753

888-860-7244(tollfree)

www.pva.org

Aging in Place: Aging and the Impact of

Interior Design

AmericanSocietyofInteriorDesigners,2002

608MassachusettsAve.NE

Washington,DC20002

Freeatwww.asid.org/research.asp

Building for a Lifetime: The Design and Construction

of Fully Accessible Homes

MargaretWylde,AdrianBaron-Robbins

1994, $44.95

TauntonPress

63S.MainStreet

P.O.Box5560

Newtown,CT06470

800-888-8286

www.taunton.com

A Consumer’s Guide to Home Adaptation

AdaptiveEnvironments,1995, $12.00

374CongressSt.,Suite301

Boston,MA02210

617-695-1225

www.adaptenv.org

Creating the Not-So-Big House

SusanSusanka,2000,softcover$24.95

TauntonPress

63S.MainStreet

P.O.Box5560

Newtown,CT06470

800-888-8286

www.taunton.com

Directory of Accessible Building Products

2006, $5.00

NAHBResearchCenter

400 PrinceGeorge’sBoulevard

UpperMarlboro,MD20774

301-249-4000; 800-638-8556

Freeatwww.nahb.org

Elderdesign: Designing and Furnishing a

Home for Your Later Years

RosemaryBakker,1997, $14.95

www.elderdesign.homestead.com/elderdesign.html

(orwww.amazon.com)

The Healthy House

JohnBower,2001, $23.95

TheHealthyHouseInstitute

430N.SewellRd.

Bloomington,IN47408

Phone/fax812-332-5073

www.hhinst.com/booksvideos.html

2�

A House for All Children: Planning a Supportive

Home Environment for Children with Disabilities

NewJerseyInstituteofTechnology,2000

CampbellHall,Room335

UniversityHeights

Newark,NJ07102-1982

973-596-3097 www.ahouseforallchildren.njit.edu

Housing Choices and Well-Being of Older

Adults: Proper Fit

LeonPastalanandBenyaminSchwarz(eds.),

2001, ISBN 0789013215, $24.95

TheHaworthPress,Inc.

10 AliceStreet

Binghamton,NY13904

800-429-6784

www.haworthpress.com

Universal Kitchen and Bathroom Planning

MaryJoPeterson,1998, $79.95

McGrawHillOrderServices

P.O.Box 545

Blacklick,OH 43004

800-722-4726

books.mcgraw-hill.com

Available from CUD

Center For Universal Design

NCStateUniversity

CampusBox8613

Raleigh,NC27695-8613

Tel:919-515-3082

Infoline800-647-6777

www.centerforuniversaldesign.org

Publications:

Affordable and Universal Homes: A Plan Book

NCSUSchoolofDesign,2000, $10.00

North Carolina Accessible Multifamily Housing

1999

NCResidentsfree

Out-of-State$5.00

Products and Plans for Universal Homes

HomePlanners,LLC,2000, $20.00

Tech Packs (subject-specific illustrated booklets):

Bathrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10

Bedrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$8

Decks,Patios,Porches,andBalconies . .$5

DoorsandDoorways . . . . . . . . . . .$8

EntrancesandSiteDesign . . . . . . . .$10

GrabBars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3

Kitchens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10

ReadingArchitecturalDrawings . . . . .$5

VehicularTransportationandParking. .$7

Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7

Disclaimer

The statements and conclusions contained in this booklet are those of the Center for Universal Design. This document is intended to serve as a guide to design professionals and those involved in remodeling single- and multifamily housing. The Center for Universal Design has made every effort to verify the accuracy and appropriateness of this booklet’s content so it may be regarded as a valuable resource document. Yet, the infor-mation is advisory and the guidance provided not legally binding. Read-ers are advised to refer to specific codes, regulations, and requirements within their jurisdictions and to remember that no guarantee is offered or implied for the completeness of the information provided.

Campus Box 8613

Raleigh, NC 27695-8613

Tel: 919-515-3082 (V/TTY)

Fax: 919-515-8951

Info: 800-647-6777 (V/TTY)

[email protected]

www.centerforuniversaldesign.org

THE CENTER FOR UNIVERSAL DESIGN NC STATE UNIVERSITY College of Design

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