residential fire sprinklers information pack -h2o fire sprinklers ltd
TRANSCRIPT
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. The benefits of fire sprinklers3. 5 Things that make up a residential fire sprinkler system
4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs
5. Design Standards and Codes
6. Sprinkler Heads
7. Scottish Determination on Concealed Heads8. Typical Domestic System Layout
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1. Introduction
This information pack is being distributed by H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd in the hope that arch
property agents, home owners and anyone else that might require a brief overview of a D
Residential Fire Sprinkler System will find it informative and helpful in understanding what
system is, how they work and what is involved.
Some facts about sprinklers :
Fire sprinklers are used more than any other fixed fire protection system and there are ov
sprinklers fitted around the world each year.
Losses from fires in property adequately protected with fire sprinkler systems are estimate
those in unprotected buildings.
In property fully protected by a fire sprinkler system:
* 99% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone
* 60% of fires were controlled by the spray from no more than four fire sprinkler heads
Source: European statistics over 10 year period
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1. Introduction (continued)
H2O Fire Sprinklers Ltd are fully qualified and trained to install and maintain Residential an
sprinkler systems to the current British Standard BS9251:2005.
We are active members of The Fire Protection Association (FPA) and The National Fire Prot
Association (NFPA) and The Federation of Small Businesses (FSB).
Unlike many other sprinkler companies H2O can provide not only the fire sprinkler system
service to customers including structural engineering reports, compliance and warrant su
building work required.
We supply all trades required at very competitive rates meaning far less complication, time
clients.
We offer free advice, inspection or any other fire sprinkler related information to anyone wregarding sprinklers. We can also offer a completely free no obligation quotation for any R
Domestic Fire Sprinkler System.
If you require any assistance please contact us on 0800 002 9803 or 07429 348 153, altern
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2. Benefits of Fire Sprinklers
Automatic fire sprinkler systems have been in use for over 130 years. Sprinklers have, sinc
the publication of BS 5306 Pt. 2 in 1990, been recognised as providing a vital life safety
function in controlling the size of a fire to allow more time for escape of occupants. In the
the majority of existing sprinkler systems have been designed and installed to the
requirements of British Standard BS 5306 Part 2 and the LPC Rules for Automatic SprinklerInstallations. More recently systems have been introduced that are intended for the prote
of life in domestic and residential property, and which are designed to BS 9251. 2005.
An automatic fire sprinkler system is designed to:
Detect a fire within a protected building
Release water in the fire-affected area via the sprinkler heads, which contain heat sensit
elements designed to operate automatically at a pre-determined temperature [NB. Onlythose sprinklers in the vicinity of the fire operate]
Initiate a water flow-activated, audible, local alarm when a sprinkler head operates
Transmit a signal to an approved alarm-receiving centre when required.
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2. Benefits of Fire Sprinklers (continued)
Records show that by this means of providing detection, alarm and localised water
application, automatic fire sprinkler systems are very effective in preventing the developm
of major fires. In the UK no lives have been lost in fires in fully fire sprinkler protected bui
since the end of the Second World War.
In industrial and commercial automatic fire sprinkler systems about 60% of fires are contro
by four sprinkler heads or fewer. In domestic and residential sprinkler systems over 90% o
fires are controlled by the activation of just one sprinkler head.
The volume of water used by a properly designed, installed and maintained automatic fire
sprinkler system to control a fire will be significantly less than that used by the fire service
control and extinguish the same fire. In many cases this will be less than one tenth that whwould have been used by the fire service.
In environmental terms automatic fire sprinkler systems make a valuable contribution by:
Reducing the size and severity of fires
Using water in the most effective and economical way to control fire
Minimising the problems of contaminated firefighting water run-off.
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3. 5 Things that make up a residential fire sprinkler system.
Domestic and residential fire sprinkler systems generally consist of 5 things, these are
A) The design and hydraulic calculations (see typical domestic system layout)Our designers have 20+ years experience in the fire sprinkler industry and can work alo
and engineers to produce the required design.
B) Water Supply (see sprinkler installations and there water supply needs)
C) PipeA network of pipes is used to connect the water supply to the many sprinkler heads in
CPVC pipe in all of our residential and domestic systems.CPVC is an engineered thermoplastic piping material that has been used successfully for m
wide range of applications, including fire sprinkler systems.
It does not support fire, and will only char when subjected to flame. In fire conditions, it p
and it has a twenty year proven track record for this application. As may be expected, the
tested and approved by UL, FM and LPCB, as well as being accepted by all leading insurers
product has also been tested and is listed by WRAS for use with fire sprinkler systems onl
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3. 5 Things that make up a fire sprinkler system.(continued)
D) Sprinkler Heads (see sprinkler heads)
E) AlarmsBS 9251:2005 states that an audible alarm that can be heard clearly from any locatio
should be connected to the system. It also states and audible and visual alarm should b
outside the property.
We supply and fit a fire zone panel in each of our systems, the panel has 2 zones. Zone 1 i
switch on the pipe at the start of the system and also to the internal and external sounde
is activated when water starts flowing through the pipe indicating that a head has opene
to the pump set and the fire panels internal sounder, the panels internal built in sounder a
pump control board senses a fault. The fault can be a power failure or a pressure loss in
of which should be investigated immediately.
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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs
Automatic fire sprinkler systems are designed to apply water at various rates depending o
the risk being protected. To obtain the design flow of water from the sprinkler heads, wate
supply requirements are calculated for the pressure and flow to the system in accordance
with the relevant standards or guidelines being employed.
Reliable water supplies are essential, the most common forms being:
Direct connection to a water suppliers main
A stored and pumped water supply
Large storage cisterns, with sufficient capacity to supply design flow for the specified tim
Small cisterns, with reduced capacity and dependent on the inflow from a water service
pipe to make up the design capacity
A gravity supply from a storage cistern A pressurised vessel
Acceptable recycled water, e.g. rainwater recovery systems.
The water supply capacities, pressures and flow requirements vary, according to the
classification of the fire hazard.
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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs (continued)
Domestic and residential occupancies include dwellings, residential care facilities, houses
multiple occupancy (HMOs), hostels and the like, and may be protected by automatic fire
sprinkler systems directly supplied with mains water and designed in accordance with the
relevant standards and guidelines.
To determine whether the required water pressure and the flow continue to be available,
regular maintenance is needed to ensure that performance tests are carried out in
accordance with the appropriate standard.
It should be noted that mains water supplies may be interrupted or modified for
maintenance work, because of a failure in the supply system or other events beyond the
water supplier's control. Designers should bear such possibilities in mind when specifyingautomatic fire sprinkler systems.
It is essential that automatic fire sprinkler systems are properly maintained to ensure corr
operation when required. If this necessitates shutting off the system for any length of time
alternative precautions need to be instituted as required by the relevant standards or
guidelines.
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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs (continued)
Typical flow rates for different types of sprinkler systems
Type of property/
Hazard
Min operating pressure
at head
bar
Typical design flow
L/min
Design max no. of heads
operating
Domestic dwelling 0.5 60 2
Residential 0.5 60 4
Light Hazard 0.7 94 4
Ordinary Hazard 1.0 375 6
Ordinary Hazard II 1.4 725 12
Ordinary Hazard III 1.7 1100 18
Ordinary Hazard IIIS 2.0 1800 30
Domestic and Residential installations are defined in BS 9251:2005.
Ordinary Hazard I etc is defined by BS 5306 Part 2 and LPC Rules for Automatic
Sprinkler Installations.
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4. Sprinkler installations and their water supply needs (continued)
Sprinkler water supply options Notes
1
Mains supply
2 Mains supply with a priority
demand valve
3 Mains supply with a booster
pump
4 Tank and pump supply
Flow MWS x 85% > DR + 25/50 lpm
Pressure MWS x 85% > DR
Flow MWS x 85% > DR
Pressure MWS x 85% > DR
Flow MWS x 85% > DR
Pressure Less than MWS x 85% > DR
The minimum rate
(residential) will ha
peak domestic dem
above 25 or 50 lpm
The priority deman
requirements on o
A booster pump ca
circumstances to b
plenty of flow but i
Can be used in all situations
MWS Measured water supply the measured flow and pressure of the water supplying the premises
DR Design requirements: The pressure and flow requirements of the sprinkler system from the designers hydraulic calculations
> Is greater than
Note 1 A booster pump may be suitable where a large diameter water main has sufficient flow but
insufficient pressure. It must be remembered that you will be unable to ascertain whether the booster pump
has increased pressure to: MWS x 85% > DR until the supply is measured with booster pump in situ
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5. Design Standards and Codes
Standards and codes of practice from the UK, Europe and the USA
BS 9251:2005 - Sprinkler systems for residential and domestic occupancies - Code of prac
DD 251:2000 - Draft standard for residential and domestic sprinklers. Superseded by BS 9
DD 252:2001 - Draft standard for components for residential sprinkler systems - Specifica
methods for residential sprinklers
BS EN 12259-1:1999 - Fixed firefighting systems. Components for sprinkler and water spr
BS EN 12845:2004 - Fixed firefighting systems. Automatic sprinkler systems.
Design, installation and maintenance - buildings and industrial plant
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5. Design Standards and Codes (continued)
Standards and codes of practice from the UK, Europe and the USA
BS 5306-2:1990 - Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Specificatio
systems in buildings and industrial plant. This has now been withdrawn and is superseded
Approved Document B - ADB - Guidance on Fire Safety associated with Building Regulatio
NFPA 13 - American standard for the installation of sprinkler systems
NFPA 13D - American standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in one and two fam
and manufactured homes
NFPA 13R - American standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in residential occu
and including 4 stories in height
BS 1710:1984 - Specification for identification of pipelines and services
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6. Sprinkler Heads
Type of Operation -
Fusible Link Glass Bulb Glass Bulb
Quick response
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6. Sprinkler Heads (continued)
Type of Head -
UPRIGHT PENDANT RECESSED CONCEALED CONC
SIDEWALL SIDEWALL
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7. Scottish determination on Concealed heads
The following is a summary of a Ministerial view which has been issued under Section 12 o
(Scotland) Act 2003. The intention is to promote consistency of compliance with the build
Scotland. It should be recognised that the following view is project specific and has been a
view is not legally binding and ultimately if a warrant is refused by a verifier, the right of ap
Sheriff Court.
Functional Standard(s)
Standard 2.15 Automatic life safety fire suppression systems
Every building must be designedand constructedin such a way that in the event of an out
within the building, fire and smoke will be inhibited from spreading through the building b
an automatic life safety fire suppression system
Technical ContextIn this case, the applicant and verifier cited the guidance issued by Scottish Ministers cont
Domestic Technical Handbook [Clause 2.15.2]. The relevant guidance given in this clause s
Components of the system should be as specified and tested in accordance with DD 252: 2
heads should be quick response type with a response time index (RTI) of 50 (m.s)1/2 and a
factor (c) of not more than 1 (m/s)2. Concealed or recessed pattern sprinkler heads should
the approval of the verifier.
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7. Scottish determination on Concealed heads (continued)
View of Scottish Ministers
The intention of this part of clause 2.15.2 is that the thermal sensitivities of the sprinklers
detect the fire and operate at an early stage. Standard 2.15 of the Technical Handbooks ai
and smoke will be inhibited from spreading through the building by the operation of an au
fire suppression system. There is no doubt that the effective use of concealed sprinkler hethe spread of fire and smoke through the building.
Having carefully considered all the information submitted in this case, it is the view of Sc
that the proposals do meet the requirements of Standard 2.15 subject to the following:
The temperature rating of the sprinkler head should be 68 0C in accordance with clause
9251: 2005;
The drawings show the use of concealed sprinkler heads. There is a risk that these couldsome future time by redecoration. Therefore it would be prudent for the verifier to consid
continuing requirement to ensure that they retain the capacity to operate effectively throu
the building.
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8. Typical Domestic Layout
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8. Typical Domestic Layout (continued)
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8. Typical Domestic Layout (continued)