resettlement planning document -...
TRANSCRIPT
Resettlement Planning Document
The short resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Short Resettlement Plan – Kodiyampalayam Bridge Document Stage: Final Project Number: 39114 March 2007
INDIA: Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project
Prepared by Public Works Department, Government of Kerala for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
INDIA: TSUNAMI EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE PROJECT (TAMIL NADU)
SHORT RESETTLMENT PLAN
for
Kodiyampalayam Bridge
Prepared by
HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT Government of Tamil Nadu
India
March 2007
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
2
Contents
List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................3
Executive Summary of the Short Resettlement Plan ........................................4
Section A. Description of the Project .............................................................8
Section B. Definitions and Terminologies .......................................................9
Section C. Scope of Land acquisition and Resettlement.................................. 11
Section Section D. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan ......................... 13
Section E. Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Household............................ 14
Section F. Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...................................... 19
Section G. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework .............................. 19
Section H. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP .............................. 24
Section I. Istitutional Responsibility ............................................................ 25
Section J. Implementation Arrangements .................................................... 27
Section K. Grievance Redressal .................................................................. 28
Section L. Compensation and Livelihood Restoration ..................................... 28
Section M. Budget.................................................................................... 29
Section N. Implementation Schedule........................................................... 31
Section O. Monitoring & Evaluation ............................................................. 31
Appendices
I. Summary of Affected Persons ............................................................... 33
II. Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan.................................................. 35
III. TOR for NGO / Agency......................................................................... 37
IV. TOR for an External Monitoring & Evaluation Consultant/Agency ................ 42
V. Livelihood Support Programme.............................................................. 45
VI. List of Participants in Consultation ......................................................... 49
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
3
List of Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
AH Affected Household
AP Affected Person
BPL Below Poverty Line
EA Executing Agency
GoTN Government of Tamil Nadu
GRC Grievance Redressal Committee
HLB High Level Bridge
IA Implementing Agency
IAY Indira Awaas Yojana
IR Involuntary Resettlement
IRC Indian Road congress
IRP Involuntary Resettlement Policy
LA Land Acquisition
LVAC Land Value Assessment Committee
NGO Non Governmental Organization
NPRR National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation
PMU Project Management Unit
RADMMD Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department
RF Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu)
RoW Right of Way
RP Resettlement Plan
SC Scheduled Caste
SHGs Self Help Groups
ST Scheduled Tribe
TEAP Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project
WHH Women Headed Household
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
4
Executive Summary of the Short Resettlement Plan
A. Description of the Project
Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLB)
under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian Development
Bank (ADB). Kodiyampalayam HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is being proposed across
‘Uppanar’ between Kaattur Village and Kodiyampalayam Island Village.
In line with ADBs operational manual on involuntary resettlement and resettlement
framework for TEAP, the Highways Department of Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN), the
Implementing Agency (IA), has prepared this Short Resettlement Plan (RP). This short RP
identifies the broad scope of the project and outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition
of land, magnitude of impact, compensation and other support measures for affected
persons and institutional requirements for the implementation.
B. Scope of Land Acquisition & Impacts
The project involves the construction of a high level bridge across Uppanar river
connecting the eastern side Kodiyampalayam island village with the western side main
land, Kaattur village. The construction of the bridge does not involve any land acquisition
as it is being built across the Uppanar and the land for approaches proposed with
embankment will also not involve any land acquisition as it is ‘river poramboke’.
The project also involves strengthening the approach roads on both sides. While
the strengthening of the approach road on the western side is along the existing road and
does not involve any land acquisition, 445 metres of the approach road on the eastern side
will involve land acquisition.
The census survey undertaken during the 2nd week of August 2006 has identified
15 families as project affected families involving 69 persons (project affected persons).
Further, the project causes indirect impact to 4 families operating ferry service (5 boats i.e
two boats operated by members of same family) involving 20 persons and the boats
employ 29 persons on daily wages for loading and unloading. Therefore, this project will be
categorized as Category-B as the involuntary resettlement impact is ‘not significant’1. The
summary of project affected families is given vide Appendix-I. The magnitude of impact is
given in the following table.
1 “Not significant” means less than 200 people will be (i) physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing 10% or more of their productive assets (income generating).
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
5
Magnitude of Impact
Details of Affected Population
Type of Loss Details of Affected Asset No. of Affected
Households (HH)
No. of Affected Persons (APs)
1. Agricultural land
These households comprise of those losing their agricultural land. 13 HH losing agricultural land are
losing more than 10% of their total land holding and
2 HH losing agricultural land are losing less than 10% of their total land holding
- Entire land being acquired is dry land.
15 69
2. Indirect impact
These households comprise of those losing their income from the boat ferry service operation. 3 HH operating ferryboat service
losing their income (includes the boat operated by wife of a boat operator)
1 HH operating ferryboat service losing their income (operated by a woman)
Loss of wages for 29 persons working as load man in the boats
4 20
Total 19 89
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
C. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan
This Short Resettlement Plan is prepared in accordance with ADBs policy on
involuntary resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement wherever
feasible; (ii) minimizing resettlement where population displacement is unavoidable by
choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where involuntary resettlement is
unavoidable, to ensure that affected people receive assistance, preferably under the
project, so that they will be at least as well off as they would have been in the absence of
the project.
D. Gender Impacts & Mitigative Measures
The women will directly benefit by the proposed bridge as it would provide them
easy approach to the main land from their homes. It will also benefit school going female
children who can avoid the unsafe boat ride and in case of emergency this bridge will
provide easy access to health care. During Tsunami, majority of the dead were women and
children who were caught in the tidal waves and to these vulnerable category this bridge
will be a boon. However, the construction of the bridge will have indirect impact on 1
Woman Headed Household (WHH). There will be loss of income to the 4 member family
due to the construction of the bridge, as the woman boat operator will lose her income
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
6
from boat operated by her for ferrying men and material. This AP will be adequately
supported in this RP so as to restore her earlier standard of living.
E. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework
The resettlement principles adopted for this subproject recognize the Land
Acquisition (LA) Act 1894 and the entitlement benefits as listed in the National Policy on
R&R, (Govt of India) as notified in February 2004 and the relevant Asian Development
Bank’s (ADB) policies and operations manuals, in particular the policy on Involuntary
Resettlement (1995), and Operations Manual F2 on involuntary Resettlement (2003), and
agreed Resettlement Framework.
The RP is based on the general findings of the census survey, field visits, and
meetings with various project-affected persons in the project area. The Entitlement Matrix
for TEAP projects in Tamil Nadu provides for compensation and resettlement assistance to
all affected persons including the non-titleholders in the project area. In general terms, the
people affected by the Project will be entitled to the following types of compensation and
assistance - (i) Compensation for loss of land and crops/trees at replacement value; (ii)
assistance for restoration of income and livelihoods and (iii) additional assistance to
vulnerable groups namely - Female-headed households, Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled
Tribes (ST), those below poverty line, elderly and disabled. A detailed Entitlement
Matrix for the project is provided in Table 18 in the main text.
F. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP
A public consultation was held on 12.08.2006 to seek the views and preferences of
the community with regard to the project and as well as their suggestions for successful
implementation of the project. The Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Tamil and
will be made available to the affected people by the Implementing Agency (IA), the
Highways Department, for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by
means of project-level disclosure workshops prior to loan negotiation. Copies of short RP
will also be made available at the local level public office, Sirkazhi Taluk office, to
stakeholders for local inputs prior to award of civil work contract. The proceedings of the
disclosure workshop and the feedback received will be sent to ADB for review.
G. Implementation Arrangement, Schedule & Grievance Redressal
The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department
(RADMMD) at the state-level will be the EA of the project, while the Highways Department
will be responsible for the implementation of the RP. Highways Department, the
implementing agency, will engage a qualified social/resettlement specialist to assist it in
the implementation of the RP. The project director of PMU will recruit and appoint a local
NGO to help implement resettlement activities. The highways department will assign the
task of implementation to the concerned Divisional Engineer who will be supported by one
Assistant Engineer.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
7
A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established in Nagapattinam
district, with representation from RADMMD, concerned DE of Highways, 2 members from
the people affected of which at least one is a women or from vulnerable group,
Kodiyampalayam Panchayat President, and the NGO representative and will be chaired by
the District Revenue Officer of Nagapattinam.
The PMU will ensure resettlement budgets are delivered on time to the competent
authority and the implementing NGOs for timely RP implementation. The PMU will ensure
that affected persons will receive compensation and other entitlements before civil work
contracts are awarded.
H. Budget
The total estimated cost for resettlement implementation including cost of
compensation and assistance as per the Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu) under
TEAP is Rs.1,152,322/-.
I. Monitoring & Evaluation
RADMMD will establish a monthly monitoring system and prepare monthly progress
reports on all aspects of land acquisition and resettlement activities. The report will contain
progress made in RP implementation with particular attention to monitoring and the
delivery of entitlements. The deputed official in charge of land acquisition and resettlement
in the PMU with assistance from the social development and resettlement specialist,
through the Highways Department and NGOs will monitor the progress of land acquisition
and resettlement and also prepare biannual reports, forwarding them to ADB for review.
An independent agency/monitoring expert will be engaged by the PMU in agreement with
ADB to undertake biannual external monitoring of the subproject implementation.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
8
Short Resettlement Plan
A. Description of the Project 1. Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges
(HLBs) under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the
Asian Development Bank (ADB). Kodiyampalayam HLB is one among the 5 HLBs
and is being proposed across Uppanar river between Kaattur Village and
Kodiyampalayam Island Village.
2. The Project will involve the construction of a high level bridge and
strengthening of the existing approach roads in accordance with the IRC
standards.
3. In line with the ADBs sector assistance project for Tamil Nadu under the
Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project, construction and rehabilitation works are
being carried out as far as possible within the original right-of-way. However,
improvements to the approach roads on eastern side to the HLB at
Kodiyampalayam village will involve minimal land acquisition. The various
components proposed for the HLB is given in Table 1.
Table 1. Project Components
Component Description Requirement of Land
1. Bridge The bridge is 140m long and 8.5 m wide from outer to outer of crash barrier.
No land acquisition involved as it is being built across the river.
2. Approach road Western side 290m long approach road.
Existing road and no land acquisition involved.
Eastern side 445m long approach road.
Formation of road involving acquisition of land.
4. The village Kodiyampalayam has no road approach and the people of this
village use boats to reach the main land. The island village is just 200 metres
away from the Bay of Bengal and in the event of an emergency like tsunami,
cyclone or storm, the administration becomes helpless and finds it extremely
difficult to reach to the people. This bridge will provide the people of
Kodiyampalayam comfortable and safe access to the main land. The bridge will
not only serve as an emergency escape route, it will also improve the standard of
living of the island villagers. Further, the bridge will provide easy and safe access
to the people and traders from the mainland villages who currently depend on
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
9
ferry services to reach Kodoyampalayam. However, the census survey
undertaken during project preparation stage reveals that there will be involuntary
resettlement.
5. In line with ADBs operational manual on involuntary resettlement and
resettlement framework for TEAP, the Highways Department of Government of
Tamil Nadu (GoTN), the Implementing Agency (IA), has prepared this Short
Resettlement Plan (RP). This short RP identifies the broad scope of the project
and outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition of land, magnitude of impact,
compensation and other support measures for affected persons and institutional
requirements for the implementation.
6. The Project Management Unit (PMU), Disaster Management and Mitigation
Department, Revenue Administration of GoTN would be responsible for ensuring
compliance of this short RP. The highways department of GoTN will be the
implementing agency of the HLB and will have the primary responsibility for RP
implementation.
B. Definitions and Terminologies
7. The definitions of key terminologies or concepts used in this resettlement
plan are as follows.
Affected Person includes any people, households, firms, or private institutions
who, on account of changes that result from the project will have their (i)
standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title, or interest in any house,
land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest, and/or grazing
land), water resources, or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired,
possessed, restricted, or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part,
permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or
residence, or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement.
Compensation means compensation paid for the property under the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894 or through private negotiation vide GoTN government
order Ms.No.885, Revenue dated 21.9.1995.
Encroacher is any person(s) illegally occupying public property by extending
their land boundary or a portion of their building onto the RoW.
Entitled Persons means the male 21 years and female 18 years having
entitlement for compensation and rehabilitation assistance.
Involuntary resettlement addresses social and economic impacts that are
permanent or temporary and are (i) caused by acquisition of land and other
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
10
fixed assets, (ii) by change in the use of land, or (iii) restrictions imposed on
land as a result of an ADB operation.
Land Acquisition means the process through which land and properties are
acquired for the purpose of project construction.
Major impacts are defined as involving affected people being physically
displaced from housing and/or having 10% or more of their productive,
income generating assets lost.
Owners are persons who have legal title to structures, land or other assets.
These property owners are entitled to compensation under the Land
Acquisition Act of 1894.
Project Affected Family/Household means a family consisting of father,
mother, children living together with common kitchen and are affected by the
project, irrespective of their legal status resulting in loss of homestead, other
assets, sources of income / livelihood, common assets and cultural properties.
Rehabilitation means the measures provided under the resettlement plan
other than payment of the compensation of acquired property.
Replacement cost means the method of valuing assets to replace the loss at
market value, or its nearest equivalent, plus any transaction costs such as
administrative charges, taxes, registration, and titling costs. Where national
law does not meet this standard the replacement cost will be supplemented as
necessary. Replacement cost is based on market value before the project or
dispossession, whichever is higher. In the absence of functioning markets, a
compensation structure is required that enables affected people to restore
their livelihoods to levels at least equivalent to those maintained at the time
of dispossession, displacement, or restricted access.
Resettlement means all the measures taken to mitigate all or any adverse
impacts of the project on the APs property and/or livelihoods including
compensation, relocation (where relevant), and rehabilitation.
Squatter is any person occupying structures entirely within the ROW (with no
legal rights to occupy that parcel of land) for residential or business purposes.
Tenant is any person by whom or on whose account rent is payable for any
property.
Vulnerable people are the poorest affected people and groups that may be at
high risk of impoverishment. This may include those without legal title to land
or other assets, households headed by females, the elderly or disabled and
other vulnerable groups, particularly indigenous peoples.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
11
C. Scope of Land acquisition and Resettlement
8. The project involves the construction of a high level bridge across Uppanar
connecting the eastern side Kodiyampalayam island village with the western side
main land, Kaattur village. The construction of the bridge portion does not involve
any land acquisition as it is being built across the Uppanar and the land for
approaches proposed with embankment in Kaattar village will also not involve any
land acquisition as it is ‘river poramboke’.
9. The project also involves strengthening the approach roads on both sides.
While formation of the approach road on the western side is along the existing
road and does not involve any land acquisition, 445 metres of the approach road
on the eastern side in Kodiyampalayam village will involve land acquisition.
10. In line with ADBs principles of involuntary resettlement planning, the
project avoided involuntary resettlement wherever possible by constructing
approach road along the existing available space. However, the project will
require 0.44.30 hectare of private land for formation of 445 metres of approach
road. This will cause minor2 impact to the livelihood of 2 landowners; major3
impact to 13 landowners; and indirect impact to 5 ferry service operators
(belonging to 4 households) and 29 daily wage earners.
11. The census survey undertaken during the 2nd week of August 2006 has
identified 15 families as project affected families involving 69 persons (project
affected persons). Further, the project causes indirect impact to 4 families
operating ferry service involving 20 persons and the boats employ 29 persons on
daily wages for loading and unloading. Therefore, this project will be categorized
as Category-B as the involuntary resettlement impact is ‘not significant’4. The
summary of project affected families is given vide Appendix-I. The magnitude of
impact is given in Table 2.
12. The ferry service operators transport local population and goods to the
island village Kodiyampalayam. One among the operators’ is a woman who
mainly transports people and sometimes transports goods. Of the 5 boats,
members of one family – a husband and wife duo – operate 2 boats and the other
3 boats are operated by different families. Amongst these 3 boats, 2 are operated
by men and 1 is operated by a woman (WHH). Since two boats are operated by
2 Losing less than 10% of their productive assets (income generating). 3 Losing more than 10% of their productive assets (income generation). 4 “Not significant” means less than 200 people will be (i) physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing 10% or more of their productive assets (income generating).
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
12
members of the same family (husband and wife), though there are 5 boats in
operation only 4 families are affected. One among these 4 families is a Woman
Headed Household (WHH).
Table 2. Magnitude of Impact
Details of Affected Population
Type of Loss Details of Affected Asset No. of Affected
Households (HH)
No. of Affected Persons (APs)
1. Agricultural land
These households comprise of those losing their agricultural land. 13 HH losing agricultural land are losing
more than 10% of their total land holding and
2 HH losing agricultural land are losing less than 10% of their total land holding
- Entire land being acquired is dry land.
15 69
2. Indirect impact
These households comprise of those losing their income from ferry service operation. 3 HH operating ferryboat service losing
their income (includes the boat operated by wife of a boat operator)
1 HH operating ferryboat service losing their income (operated by a woman - WHH)
Loss of wages for 29 persons working as load man in the boats
4 20
Total 19 89 Source: Census Survey, August 2006
13. The 15 households losing portion from their agricultural land parcels are
not getting any income from the land. The main source of income is from fishing
and for some income is through non-farm wages. The land being acquired is dry
land and the extent of land lost to their total land holding is less than 10 percent
for 2 households and more than 10 percent for 13 households. The percentage of
land lost to the total land holding is given in Table 3.
Table 3. Percentage of Land Lost
Extent of Land Lost
Frequency Percentage
Less than 2% 1 06.7
2% and ≤10% 1 06.7
>10% and ≤20% 2 13.3
Above 20% 11 73.3
Total 15 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
13
14. There is no loss of income to the 15 households on account of proposed
land acquisition. However, the 4 households operating ferry service will lose their
entire source of income as an indirect impact of the project.
Table 4. Loss of Income due to Project
Type of Impact Total number of
households
Number of households
losing income
Direct Impact 15 0
Indirect Impact 4 4
Total 19 4
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
15. The total land required for the project is 1.68.50 hectare of which 0.44.30
hectare of land is private land belonging to 15 households. The various
components that require land, classification of land and the number of households
getting affected is given in Table 5.
Table 5. Details of Land Loss
Classification Project
Components Total Land
requirement Govt. Private Present Use No. of
affected HH
1. Bridge 0.11.90 0.11.90 - River and river poramboke
-
2. Approach road on the eastern side
0.96.41 0.52.11 0.44.30 Dry land 15
3. Approach road on the western side
0.60.19 0.60.19 - Existing PWD road for traffic
-
Total 1.68.50 1.24.20 0.44.30 - 15
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
D. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan 16. This Short Resettlement Plan is prepared in accordance with ADBs policy
on involuntary resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement
wherever feasible; (ii) minimizing resettlement where population displacement is
unavoidable by choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where
involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, to ensure that affected people receive
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
14
assistance, preferably under the project, so that they will be at least as well off as
they would have been in the absence of the project.
17. This short RP briefly describes the findings of the census survey, identifies
the nature and types of losses, provides for payment of compensation and
resettlement benefits as per the entitlement matrix developed for TEAP and the
institutional arrangement for implementation.
E. Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Household 18. The census survey identified 15 households as directly affected households
comprising of 69 persons and 4 households as indirectly affected households
comprising of 20 persons. Of the 19 households, one household is headed by a
woman. The male-female profile amongst the affected household (AHs) is given
in Table 6.
Table 6. Head of Household (HH) by Sex
Head of Household
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 18 94.7
Female 1 05.3
Total 19 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
19. The male- female profile amongst all members of the project-affected
household is given in the following table. The male outnumber the female and is
in the ratio of 6:4
Table 7. APs by Sex
All Members (APs)
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 53 59.6
Female 36 40.4
Total 89 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
20. The above 60 age group comprise of about 2 percent. Thirty six percent
are below 18 years.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
15
Table 8. Age group of APs
Age classification
Frequency Percentage
Upto 5
6 – 17
18 – 24
25 – 40
41 – 60
> 60
4
28
19
17
19
2
4.5
31.5
21.3
19.1
21.3
2.3
Total 89 100.0
21. Thirty two percent of the affected households have a small family of size
four or less. The average size of a family is 4.7.
Table 9. Size of household
Size of household
Frequency Percentage
1 – 3
4
5
6 – 7
5
1
8
5
26.3
5.3
42.1
26.3
Average Size is 4.7
22. All the affected households are Hindus.
Table 10. Affected household by Religion
Religion Frequency Percentage
Hindu
Muslim
Christian
19
-
-
100.0
-
-
Total 19 100.0
23. Eighty four percent of the affected household belong to the most backward
class. There is 5 percent belonging to scheduled caste (1 AH) who would come
under the vulnerable category.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
16
Table 11. Afected household by Social Group
Community Frequency Percentage
FC
BC
MBC
SC
-
2
16
1
-
10.5
84.2
5.3
Total 19 100.0
24. The literacy level amongst male is 72 percent and amongst women is only
56 percent. The literacy level of both male and female is lower compared to the
state average (82%). The level of educational attainment is given in Table 13.
Table 12. Literacy by Sex of APs (> 6 age group)
Male Female Literacy
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Can read and write 34 72.3 20 55.6
Cannot read and write 13 27.7 16 44.4
Total 47 100.0 36 100.0
Table 13. Education level by Sex of APs
Male Female Education
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Below primary
Primary
Upper primary
High school
Higher secondary
Graduate
Post graduate
Technical education
None
Children (<= 6 yrs)
11
8
13
4
1
1
-
2
7
4
21.6
15.7
25.5
7.8
2.0
2.0
-
3.9
13.7
7.8
6
4
10
2
-
-
-
-
14
2
15.8
10.5
26.3
5.3
-
-
-
-
36.8
5.3
Total 51 100.0 38 100.0
25. The primary occupation of 79 percent of the head of household is fishing
and ferry operation. The one head of households who is not in workforce is an
aged person.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
17
Table 14. Occupation of Head of Household
Head of HH All members (APs) Main Activity
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Cultivation
Casual labour
Salaried
Household shop
Business
Other workforce
Unemployed
Not in workforce
-
2
1
-
-
15
-
1
-
10.5
05.3
-
-
78.9
-
05.3
2
4
1
-
1
25
-
56
02.3
04.5
01.1
-
01.1
28.1
-
62.9
Total 19 100.0 89 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
26. About 20 percent of the APs are below poverty line. Income of about 10
percent is less than Rs.1000/- per month.
Table 15. Income of AHs
Income Range (per annum)
Frequency Percentage
1 - 12000
12001 – 18000
18001 – 24000
24001 – 36000
Above 36000
Dependant
2
2
4
7
3
1
10.5
10.5
21.1
36.8
15.8
05.3
Total 19 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
27. The average income of the employees is Rs.3000/- per month. There is
one employee who is 18 years old, but is a family member of the boat owner.
Thirty eight percent are in the 19 to 24 age group, 31 percent in the 25 to 40 age
group and the rest (28%) in 41 to 60 age group. The average number of
dependants on the salary drawn by these employees is 4.7.
28. Among the project affected households, in 74 percent of the household
only men are involved in income earning activities and the head is invariably the
principle earner for the family. One household (boat operator) has a woman as
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
18
the principal bread earner. In 16 percent of the household both men and women
are involved in income earning activities.
Table 16. Primary income earner in the AHs
Primary Income Earner
Frequency Percentage
Men alone
Women alone
Both Men and Women
Dependant
14
1
3
1
73.7
05.3
15.7
05.3
Total 19 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
29. The census survey also aimed at identifying socially and economically
vulnerable5 groups amongst those affected households who would require
additional assistance. Seven households (vulnerable) will require additional
support under ADBs livelihood programme6 assistance.
Table 17. Income of Vulnerable AHs
WHH BPL SC Elderly / Disabled
Income Range (per annum)
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
Fre
qu
en
cy
Perc
en
tag
e
1- 12000
12001 – 18000
18001 – 24000
24001 – 36000
Above 36000
Dependant
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
100.0
-
2
2
-
-
-
-
50.0
50.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
100.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
100.0
Total 1 100.0 4 100.0 1 100.0 1 100.0
Source: Census Survey, August 2006
30. If there is any change in the alignment or in the design prior to award of
civil works contract or during implementation, the RP will be accordingly updated 5 (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC),
scheduled tribes (ST); (c) women-headed households (WHHs); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons. 6 The ADB is financing ‘The Livelihood Restoration’ programme of GoTN under Tsunami (details of the
programme is provided in Appendix-IV)
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
19
and the revised RP will be submitted to ADB by the Highways Department. The
final RP will be submitted to ADB prior to award of civil works contract.
F. Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures 31. The sex ratio of 9877 in Tamil Nadu is higher than the all-India figure of
933 and the juvenile sex ratio is 942 compared to all-India figure of 927. Though
the sex ratio in Tamil Nadu is better than the national figure, considering the
relative disadvantage of the women in the society, the census survey captured
the current status of women and their socio-economic profile.
32. The women will directly benefit by the proposed bridge as it would provide
them easy approach to the main land from their homes. It will also benefit school
going female children who can avoid the unsafe boat ride and in case of
emergency this bridge will provide easy access to health care. During Tsunami,
majority of the dead were women and children who were caught in the tidal
waves and to these vulnerable category this bridge will be a boon.
33. However, the construction of the bridge will have indirect impact on 1
Woman Headed Household (WHH). There will be loss of income to the 4 member
family due to the bridge as the woman who operates the boat will lose her income
from the boat occupation after the construction. This AP will be adequately
supported in this RP so as to restore her earlier standard of living.
G. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework
34. The National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (NPRR) provides
broad guidelines and executive instructions and will be applicable to projects
displacing 500 families or more in flat lands and 250 families or more in hilly
areas. The NPRR requires projects to (i) minimize displacement and identify non-
displacing or least-displacing alternatives; (ii) plan the resettlement and
rehabilitation of project-affected families including special needs of tribal and
vulnerable sections; (iii) provide a better standard of living to project-affected
families; and (iv) facilitate harmonious relationships between the requiring body
and project-affected families through mutual cooperation.
35. While the NPRR recognizes most of the significant resettlement principles
in the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Involuntary Resettlement Policy (IRP),
the NPRR does not meet some of the IRP’s safeguards. First, the NPRR’s threshold
of applicability is limited to land acquisitions for highways, railway lines,
7 Source: Census of India, 2001
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
20
transmission lines, and pipelines. Second, each project-affected family will be
offered an ex-gratia payment of Rs10,000/- and no other resettlement and
rehabilitation benefits. Third, replacement value is not clearly defined and is not
taken into account in calculating lump-sum compensation. Fourth, no specific
entitlements are available for squatters and encroachers.
36. The Land Acquisition Act 1894 and its amendments to date generally
govern land acquisition and compensation in Tamil Nadu. The Act covers only
legal titleholders and provides for (i) market value of the land; (ii) compensation
of 30% on the market value for compulsory acquisition; (iii) an additional amount
for trees, crops, houses, or other immovable properties; (iv) damage due to
severing of land, residence, or place of business; and (v) an interest of 12% on
the market value from the date of notification to award. The IRP has some
additional complementary provisions especially with regard to displacement and
resettlement of squatters and other informal settlers.
37. To reduce inherent delays in the land acquisition process from 18 to 6
months or less, the Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN) issued a government
order in 1995—“Acquisition of Land for various purposes, Acquisition through
negotiation—Uniformity in procedure, fixation of land value and Constitution of
Committee.” The order sets out the principles of fixing of land value for
negotiation. It allows negotiations up to 150% of the market value/guideline
value for each hectare of land.
38. Based on these state laws and regulation on land acquisition, the ADB IRP
and the NPRR, the following resettlement principles will be applied to all TEAP
subprojects:
a) land acquisition and other involuntary resettlement impacts will be minimized
as much as possible;
b) wherever possible, Government land will be utilized which is free from
encumbrances and will not include land that is squatted upon;
c) those affected will be informed and consulted on compensation options and in
formulating the RPs in accordance with the agreed RF;
d) land and other property compensation will be paid at replacement costs;
e) payment of compensation for lost land, housing, assets, and other
resettlement assistance will be given in full before awarding civil contracts;
f) compensation at replacement cost and resettlement assistance will be given
to all non-titled people affected (e.g., informal dwellers/squatters, and
encroachers) before acquiring land and their properties;
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
21
g) all those affected will receive assistance to restore their income and to
rehabilitate their livelihood; and
h) special assistance will be given to households headed by women and other
vulnerable groups.
39. In case of land acquisition, compensation will be paid at mutually agreed
rates through negotiations as outlined in the 1995 government order at
replacement costs. In the event the landowner does not agree to acquisition
through negotiation and the land is acquired as per the Land Acquisition Act,
compensation will be paid at replacement costs. If the compensation amount
assessed by a district collector is lower than that of the replacement cost
determined by the land acquisition and valuation committee, the difference will be
paid in the form of a special grant to the affected person. The Government will
bear transaction costs such as stamps/registration costs in case of purchase of
replacement land. Non-titled affected people will be entitled to both compensation
and rehabilitation assistance based on the nature of their losses. Replacement
cost of structures will also be paid to squatters/informal dwellers, and
resettlement assistance, such as shifting allowance and compensation for loss of
workdays/income. Households headed by women and other vulnerable
households (such as scheduled tribe/scheduled caste, disabled, elderly) will be
eligible for additional assistance in terms of income restoration.
40. Cut-off Date is established to identify the Entitled Persons. The date on
which the census survey was undertaken will be the cut-off date for non-
titleholders. For legal owners, the cut-off date will be the notification declaring the
intention to acquire the property. For those legal owners who are not agreeable to
compensation through negotiations, the date of serving the notice u/s 4(1) of
Land Acquisition Act of 1894 will be established as the cut-off date.
41. The entitlement matrix (Table 18) lists types of losses, eligibility, and
entitlements, and provides basic parameters for the preparation of compensation
and resettlement benefits. The matrix will apply to this project.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
22
Table 18. Entitlement Matrix
No Type of Loss Application Unit of
entitlement Entitlement Details of Entitlements
1 Agricultural land, homesteads, commercial land (private property)
Land on the project right of way (ROW)
Titleholders
Compensation at replacement cost.
1. Cash compensation through negotiation as per government order (1995) at mutually agreed rates equal to replacement value and/or GO Ms. No. 75 (2005).
2. Cash compensation as per Land Acquisition Act at replacement costs. If the replacement cost of land determined by land acquisition and valuation committee is more than the compensation determined by district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected.
3. Transaction costs will be paid by the Project (registration cost, stamp fees etc., incurred in the purchase of replacement land).
2 Residential and commercial structures (private property)
Structure within the ROW
Titleholders
Compensation at replacement cost
1. Cash compensation to be paid by the district collector at replacement costs. If the replacement cost of structure determined by land acquisition and valuation committee is more than the compensation determined by district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected.
2. A lump sum shifting assistance for shifting household assets including cost of transportation and labor costs.
3. Project will assist those affected to purchase land to relocate to a new site.
4. Right to salvage material from the demolished structure.
3 Loss of income from business and loss of wages
Businesses and employees affected by project ROW
Individual
Lump sum
1. Owners of businesses will be compensated for their loss of income for 3 months based on actual income lost assessed on a case-by-case basis.
2. Employees directly affected by displacement of employer will receive wages for 3 months calculated on the basis of minimum wages.
3. Support to those affected, through the livelihoods programs (Appendix V) under the Project (training, capacity building, and enterprise development) for restarting or new income-generating activities.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
23
No Type of Loss Application
Unit of entitlement
Entitlement Details of Entitlements
4 Annual/seasonal crops and trees
Crops and trees on ROW
Cultivator– household
Compensation at market value
1. Advance notice for harvesting standing crops.
2. Owner will receive grant equal to market value of crop lost for 10 years plus cost of replacement of seeds.
3. Sharecroppers/tenants will be compensated at market value for the crop lost plus cost of replacement of seeds for the next season’s harvest.
4. Compensation for trees based on timber value at market prices, to be determined by Forest Department and Horticultural Department.
5. For perennial trees, compensation will be 3–5 times the market value.
5 Structures by squatters and informal settlers (residential/ commercial)
Structures affected by ROW
Household
No compensation for land; compensation for structure at replacement cost and other assistance
1. Compensation for loss of structure at replacement cost.
2. A lump sum shifting assistance for shifting household assets including cost of transportation and labor costs.
3. Affected people to relocate to a new site provided by the project.
4. Support to those affected losing commercial structures, through the livelihoods program (Appendix V) under the Project (training, capacity building and enterprise development) for restarting/new income-generating activities.
6 Additional assistance for vulnerable groups below poverty line (BPL), households headed by women, elderly and disabled
Households affected by ROW
Individual
Assistance for income restoration and training
1. Preferential employment in the Project, especially for women and the poor
2. Support those affected through the livelihoods programs under the Project (Appendix V) which will include- Support for capacity building,
enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-help groups (SHGs).
Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups.
Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
24
No Type of Loss Application Unit of
entitlement Entitlement Details of Entitlements
7 Specific action for indigenous people/ scheduled tribe (ST)
Land and other assets affected by ROW
Individual
Assistance for income restoration and training
1. Preferential employment in the Project, especially for women and the poor
2. Support those affected through the livelihoods programs under the Project (Appendix V) which will include- Support for capacity building,
enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-help groups (SHGs).
Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups.
Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance.
8 Community infrastructure and amenities
Affected by ROW
Community
Replacement
1. Complete rehabilitation / restoration by the Project.
9 Other impacts not identified
1. Unforeseen impacts will be documented and mitigated based on the principles agreed in this RF.
H. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP
42. Appropriate consultation on the resettlement plan and participation of
affected population in decision making will improve the understanding of their
needs, resources and preferences. This will help in reducing reluctance and
thereby increase the acceptance of the project. Consultations have been held at
the time of carrying out the baseline socio-economic survey.
43. Further, a public consultation was held on 12.08.2006 to seek the views
and preferences of the community with regard to the project and as well as their
suggestions for successful
implementation of the project.
The likely resettlement impact
and the mitigation measures
proposed under the RP were
explained to the people. The
consultation was conducted by the
R&R Expert and about 31 persons,
including village leaders,
participated in the consultation.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
25
44. The salient findings of the consultations on various issues covered are
presented below.
People were unanimous and
equivocal in conveying the
need for a bridge in
Kodiyampalyam.
The advantages as perceived
by the people are; the bridge
would become an escape
route; facilitate easy access to
school and health facilities;
fisheries will improve; and will
pave way for introduction of
mini-bus (public transport) service to the village.
On the compensation and assistance, the APs wanted valuation for the land to
reflect the market rates, though there has been no cultivation in these lands
for over 15 years.
The participants signed attendance sheet is enclosed as Appendix-VI.
45. In addition, a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan has been prepared
for the project and is enclosed as Appendix-II.
46. The Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Tamil and will be made
available to the affected people by the Implementing Agency (IA), the Highways
Department, for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by
means of project-level disclosure workshops prior to loan negotiation. Copies of
short RP will also be made available at the local level public office, Sirkazhi Taluk
office, to stakeholders for local inputs prior to award of civil work contract. The
proceedings of the disclosure workshop and the feedback received will be sent to
ADB for review.
47. The final RP will also be disclosed on the ADB Website, EA website and IA
website whereas the Project Management Unit (PMU) will continue consultations
throughout the project implementation period.
I. Istitutional Responsibility
48 The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation
Department (RADMMD) at the state-level will be the Executing Agency (EA) of the
TEAP, while the State Level Steering Committee (SLSC) will have the overall
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
26
advice and guidance with the departments and the Implementing Agencies (IAs).
The Project Management Unit (PMU) formed within RADMMD and headed by the
project director will be responsible for overall coordination, planning,
implementation, monitoring, and financing of all resettlement and rehabilitation
activities under the TEAP. RADMMD will depute an official within the PMU to be in
charge of land acquisition and resettlement operations, and will report to the
project director. Each IA in their project implementation unit will also have
qualified social/resettlement professionals. The social development and
resettlement specialist will assist the PMU and IAs/line departments in preparing
RPs. The project director will recruit and appoint local NGOs, as required, to help
prepare and implement resettlement activities. The concerned staff at the PMU,
IAs/field offices, project NGOs, and revenue department officials will undergo a
week long orientation and training in resettlement policy and management. The
deputed official in the PMU with the assistance from the social development and
resettlement specialist will work in close coordination with the respective IAs and
project NGOs on the day-to-day activities of RP implementation.
49. A land value assessment (LVAC) for the project committee headed by the
district collector or his/her representative will also be formed with representatives
from RADMMD, IAs, district/tehsil Land Revenue office, representatives of those
affected, local government, village leaders, professional assessors, and
implementing NGO to assess replacement value of lost assets through a land
market value survey and through compiling and comparing other available
sources of information.8 RADMMD will ensure that any land acquisition and
resettlement/relocation is preceded by a satisfactory RP, formulated according to
the agreed Resettlement Framework (RF). RADMMD will also ensure that
appropriate entitlements and mitigation measures are included in the RP
especially for the benefit of vulnerable groups—households headed by women,
below poverty line, scheduled caste/scheduled tribes, the elderly, and disabled.
The PMU will submit RPs for ADB review and approval, and will ensure that
affected persons will receive compensation and other entitlements before civil
work contracts are awarded.
8 District Level Monitoring Committees and Village Level Monitoring Committees will be extensively utilized for this purpose.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
27
J. Implementation Arrangements
50. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation
Department (RADMMD) at the state-level will be the EA of the project, while the
Highways Department will be responsible for the implementation of the RP.
51. The PMU formed within RADMMD and headed by the project director will
be responsible for overall coordination, monitoring and financing of the RP.
RADMMD will depute an official within the PMU to be in charge of land acquisition
and resettlement operations, and will report to the project director.
52. Highways Department, the implementing agency, will engage a qualified
social/resettlement specialist to assist it in the implementation of the RP. The
project director of PMU will recruit and appoint a local NGO to help implement
resettlement activities. The highways department will assign the task of
implementation to the concerned Divisional Engineer who will be supported by
one Assistant Engineer.
53. The concerned staff at the Divisional Office of the Highways Department
and project NGO will undergo a week long orientation and training on issues
concerning - resettlement policy; principles and procedures of land acquisition;
public consultation and participation; entitlements and compensation
disbursement mechanisms; Grievance Redressal and monitoring of resettlement
operation. The drafts TOR for the appointment of NGO / Agency is given vide
Appendix-III
54. Further, the PMU will ensure resettlement budgets are delivered on time to
the competent authority and the implementing NGOs for timely RP
implementation. The PMU will ensure that affected persons will receive
compensation and other entitlements before civil work contracts are awarded.
The organizational structure for implementation of SRP activities is as under:
PMU (RADMMD)
LVAC DE Highways
AE Highways
NGO
PAP
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
28
K. Grievance Redressal
55. A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established in
Nagapattinam district, with representation from RADMMD, concerned DE of
Highways, 2 members from the people affected of which at least one is a women
or from vulnerable group, Kodiyampalayam Panchayat President, and the NGO
representative and will be chaired by the District Revenue Officer of
Nagapattinam. Through public consultations, those affected will be informed that
they have a right to redress their grievance. They can call upon the support of the
NGO to assist them in presenting their grievances or queries to the GRC, which is
expected to settle many grievances. The committee must resolve grievances
within a fortnight time. The decision of GRC will be binding unless challenged in a
court of law. The committee will meet at least four times a month during the first
6 months of project implementation, and twice a month from the seventh month.
L. Compensation and Livelihood Restoration i) Arrangement for Valuing and Disbursing Compensation
56. A land value assessment committee headed by the district collector or
his/her representative will also be formed with representatives from RADMMD,
Highways Department, L.A. Tahsildar, representatives of those affected,
panchayat President, professional assessors, and implementing NGO to assess
replacement value of lost assets through a land market value survey and through
compiling and comparing other available sources of information. Replacement
value of agriculture land will be paid to make up for the loss incurred due to land
acquisition. All payment will be made in a transparent manner in public.
ii) Assistance to Livelihood Restoration
57. APs living below the poverty line, women headed, elderly and destitute will
be provided preferential employment opportunities in project construction works
to compensate the partial loss of livelihood.
58. Of the 19 households (15 households losing agricultural land and 4
households operating ferryboat services who will be indirectly affected) 7
households fall under the vulnerable category (WHH, elderly and BPL) and will be
supported through the livelihood programme under TEAP. Further, the ferryboat
operators numbering 5 (belonging to 4 families) and 29 employees employed by
the ferry boat operators will also be supported through the livelihood programme
under TEAP. The livelihood support programme under TEAP supports; i) capacity
building, enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-
help groups (SHGs); ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
29
affected households not yet organized in community-based groups for restoring
livelihoods through micro-enterprise training and establishment support; and iii)
skills upgrading.
M. Budget
59. The total estimated cost for resettlement implementation including cost of
compensation and assistance as per the Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu)
under TEAP is Rs.1,152,322/-.
60. Notes and assumptions to costing: The cost estimate is based on
information collected in the field, consultations had with the APs and revenue
staff and findings of census survey.
a. Guideline value for Land is as of 2003 and is yet to be revised and made
public. For current prices, a 7% variation has been taken for one year
(current inflation has been taken as the basis) and 2006 prices have been
arrived.
i. Further, on the basis of G.O. Ms. No. 885, Revenue dated
21.9.1995, compensation for land has been calculated at 150% of
the guideline value.
ii. The 150% is arrived on the following basis. Under acquisition
invoking LA Act, normally the valuation of land includes guideline
value of land, plus additional 30% of solatium for compulsory
nature of acquisition, plus a 12% of interest per annum from the
date of publishing notification of section 4(1). Under private
negotiation the competent authority is empowered vide above
referred GO, to pay up to 150% that includes an additional 8%
over and above solatium and interest.
iii. Registration charges and stamp duty is currently 9% of the
purchase price / guideline value, which ever is higher.
iv. Since the purchase of land with the compensation amount paid is
dependant on availability of suitable land and may take some time,
all APs will be paid the registration charges and stamp duty along
with land compensation. The same has been reflected in the
budget.
b. For loss of income three months income declared during census survey is
provided as assistance and for loss of wages / salary, three months minimum
wages is budgeted for.
c. Livelihood support for loss of income and vulnerable category will be as per
ADBs $51.15 million livelihood support programme and will implemented by
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
30
Rural Development Department, GoTN. The eligible people will be linked to
the ongoing programme and hence no separate budgetary allocation has
been made in this RP. The livelihood support programme will be extended to
38 families [4 ferry service operators, 29 persons employed in boat service,
and 5 vulnerable (out of 7 vulnerable – 1 WHH, 4 BPL, 1 SC and 1 Old age –
2 come under income loss category)] having loss of income and those
belonging to vulnerable.
d. The following assistance are provided as per comments given on the draft
report.
a. Those who are vulnerable or losing significant income as a result of
the subproject will be given an Economic rehabilitation grant at the
rate of Rs.3,000/- per household.
b. Training would be provided for up-gradation of skills @ Rs.2,500/ -
per family to the APs belonging to those loosing significant income
as result of the loss and becoming vulnerable.
Table 19. Budget Estimate
S.No Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount
A. Compensation
1 Private Land Sq.m. 4430 79 349,970
2 Registration charges and stamp duty Land Value 349,970 0.09 31,498
3 Perennial Trees Number 0 - -
4 Trees having fuel wood Value Number 0 - -
5 Kutcha Residential Structure Number 0 - -
6 Semi Permanent Residential Structure Number 0 - -
7 Commercial Structure - Kutcha Sq.m. 0 - -
B. RP Assistance and Activities
1 Shifting Assistance Number 0 2,000 -
2 Loss of business (boat) Income Number 4 12,500 50,000
3 Loss of wages Number 29 7,200 208,800
4 Economic Rehabilitation Grant Number 38 3,000 114,000
5 Additional assistance to vulnerable groups
Number 7 3,000 21,000
6 Training assistance to affected households
Number 38 2,500 95,000
C: Support for RP Implementation
1 NGO Assistance for RP updation and implementation
Lump sum
50,000
2 Independent M&E Lump sum
30,000
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
31
3 Training and orientation to the NGO / Agency staff by the Social Development & Resettlement Specialist (PMU)
Lump sum
10,000
Sub total 960,268
Contingency @ 20% 192,054
Total 1,152,322
N. Implementation Schedule 61. The timeframe for various activities of RP is depicted in the Gantt Chart in
page 32.
O. Monitoring & Evaluation
62. RADMMD will establish a monthly monitoring system and prepare monthly
progress reports on all aspects of land acquisition and resettlement activities. The
report will contain progress made in RP implementation with particular attention
to monitoring and the delivery of entitlements. The deputed official in charge of
land acquisition and resettlement in the PMU with assistance from the social
development and resettlement specialist, through the Highways Department and
NGOs will monitor the progress of land acquisition and resettlement and also
prepare biannual reports, forwarding them to ADB for review. An independent
agency/monitoring expert will be engaged by the PMU in agreement with ADB to
undertake biannual external monitoring of the subproject implementation. This
expert will submit the reports biannually via PMU to ADB. The drafts TOR for the
appointment of M&E consultancy firm / expert is given vide Appendix-IV.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
32
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
33
Appendix – I
Summary of Affected Persons
Entitlement
AHs S.No
Present Owner Extent
Acquired in sq.m.
Percent acquired of total holding
Type of Loss Land
Compensation
Income loss assistance
Support through ADBs
Livelihood Programme
Direct Impact
1 Muthiah. K 636 12.6 Land
54,766 -
2 Muniyasamy Padayachi. A 422 42.2 Land
36,338 -
@ #
3 Kannagi. C 432 34.6 Land
37,200 -
@ #
4 Samithurai. P 248 38.2 Land
21,355 -
5 Muthukrishnan. L 330 30.0 Land
28,416 -
6 Rathinavel. V 315 22.5 Land
27,125 -
7 Selvamani. P 325 21.0 Land
27,986 -
8 Gunasekaran. C 495 55.0 Land
42,624 -
9 Ramachandran. T 179 15.6 Land
15,414 -
10 Rajagopal. G 120 60.0 Land
10,333 -
11 Ramasamy. G 141 40.3 Land
12,142 -
@ #
12 Balakrishnan. M 99 0.8 Land
8,525 -
@ #
13 Somu. P 83 41.5 Land
7,147 -
14 Somu. C 90 45.0 Land
7,750 -
@ #
15 Rajendran. T 515 5.2 Land
44,347 -
Indirect Impact (Ferry Owners)
16 Ramar. S - - Income - 12,500 @ # 17 Valli.S (Mrs) - WHH - - Income - 12,500 @ #
18 Kothandapani.P and Chandra - - Income -
12,500 @ #
19 Rajangam. A - - Income - 12,500 @ # Indirect Impact (Ferry Staff)
20 Sashi - - Income - 7,200 @ #
21 Oli - - Income - 7,200 @ #
22 Rajesh - - Income - 7,200 @ #
23 Kumar - - Income - 7,200 @ #
24 Chinna Kunju - - Income - 7,200 @ #
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
34
Entitlement
AHs S.No
Present Owner Extent
Acquired in sq.m.
Percent acquired of total holding
Type of Loss Land
Compensation
Income loss
assistance
Support through
ADBs Livelihood
Programme
25 Gajendran - - Income - 7,200 @ #
26 Aruldas - - Income - 7,200 @ #
27 Saminathan - - Income - 7,200 @ #
28 Gothandam - - Income - 7,200 @ #
29 Kuppusamy - - Income - 7,200 @ #
30 Ramesh - - Income - 7,200 @ #
31 Murugan - - Income - 7,200 @ # 32 Kathir - - Income - 7,200 @ # 33 Balamurugan - - Income - 7,200 @ #
34 Ilayaraja - - Income - 7,200 @ #
35 Selvamani - - Income - 7,200 @ #
36 Rayar - - Income - 7,200 @ #
37 Gajendran - - Income - 7,200 @ # 38 Natesan - - Income - 7,200 @ # 39 Ramasamy - - Income - 7,200 @ # 40 Thangasamy - - Income - 7,200 @ # 41 Chinna Pillai - - Income - 7,200 @ # 42 Ramu - - Income - 7,200 @ # 43 Vasanth - - Income - 7,200 @ # 44 Balakrishnan - - Income - 7,200 @ # 45 Ramadoss - - Income - 7,200 @ #
46 Backiyaraj Rajangam - - Income -
7,200 @ #
47 Vasanth Rajangam - - Income - 7,200 @ # 48 Sasi Ramar - - Income - 7,200 @ #
Total 3,81,468 258,800
@ --- Livelihood support for loss of income and vulnerable category will be as per ADBs $51.15 million livelihood support programme and will be implemented by Rural Development Department, GoTN. The eligible people will be linked to the ongoing programme and hence no separate budgetary allocation has been made in this RP. # --- They will be entitled for Rs.3,000/- as ‘Economic Rehabilitation Grant’ and Rs.2,500/- as ‘Training Assistance’. The vulnerable will get additional grant of Rs.3,000/-
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
35
Appendix – II
Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan
Activity Task Timing (Date/ Period)
No of People
Agencies Feedback/
Issues/ Concerns Raised
Remarks
Stakeholder Identification
Mapping of the project area
June ‘06 -
SAI Consulting Engineers, Chennai
- -
Project information Dissemination
Distribution of information leaflets to affected persons (APs)
August ‘06
89 NGO / Agency
The project disclosure meeting was held in the project village.
-
Consultative Meetings with APs during Scoping Phase
Discuss potential impacts of the project
12.8.06 36 Economic Perspectives, Chennai
The APs wanted The bridge to be built quickly
Reasonable valuation for land and trees
Reduce the approach road width to minimise impact
-
Public Notification
Publish list of affected land parcels/sites in a local newspaper; Establish eligibility cut-off date
March ‘07 - Highways Dept.
LA process through private negotiations is in progress and will be completed by March 2007.
-
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
36
Activity Task Timing (Date/ Period)
No of People
Agencies Feedback/
Issues/ Concerns Raised
Remarks
Socio-Economic Survey Collect socio-economic information on AP’s perception on the project
July ‘06 89 Economic Perspectives, Chennai
Information was collected on – Socio-economic profile of
the households; Access to services Awareness & perception of the sample households on the Project and its impact
-
Consultative Meetings on Resettlement Mitigation Measures
Discuss entitlements, compensation rates, grievance redress mechanisms
April ‘07 - NGO / Agency
- -
Publicize the resettlement plan (RP)
Distribute Leaflets or Booklets in local language
April ‘07 - NGO / Agency
-
-
Full Disclosure of the RP to APs
Distribute RP in local language to APs
April ‘07 - Highways Dept
- -
Web Disclosure of the RP RP posted on ADB and/or EA website
March ‘07 - Highways Dept
Expecting full clearance for RP by mid March 2007
-
Consultative Meetings during DMS
Face to face meetings with APs
April ‘07 - NGO / Agency
-
Disclosure after Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS)
Disclose updated RP to APs
May ‘07 - NGO / Agency
-
Web Disclosure of the Updated RP
Updated RP posted on ADB and/or EA website
May ‘07 - RADMMD & ADB
-
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
37
Appendix – III
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
(NGO)/AGENCY
I. Project description
Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLB)
under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB). Kodiyampalayam HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is
being proposed across ‘Uppanar’ between Kaattar Village and Kodiyampalayam
Island Village
The Project intends to engage an experienced agency to assist with the
implementation of the social and resettlement aspects of the Project namely the
subproject Resettlement Plan (RP).
II. Scope of work
In general, the Project Management Unit (PMU) in Chennai, Tamil Nadu will be
responsible for the effective, timely and efficient execution of the RP. The key
tasks of the selected organization will be: -
(i) Information Campaign on Resettlement Entitlements
The agency will design, plan and implement an information campaign in the
project area primarily to inform the APs about the entitlement policy and how to
avail their respective entitlements. In particular, the agency will be responsible
for undertaking a public information campaign at the project areas to inform the
affected persons regarding:-
The need for Land Acquisition (LA), wherever necessary;
The likely consequences of the project on the communities;
The R&R policy and entitlements;
Assist APs in getting the compensation for their land and properties
acquired for the project;
Ensure proper utilization by the APs of various grants available under the
R&R package. The agency will be responsible for advising the APs on how
best to utilize any cash that may be provided under the RP, with emphasis
placed on using such funds in sustainable way e.g. purchasing replacement
land for that acquired.
The campaign would include measures such as distribution of information
booklets, leaflets, notices and other materials among the APs, community
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
38
meetings, public announcements, and any other measures necessary to provide
information to all the APs.
(ii) Identification of APs and Issuance of Identity (ID) Cards
The agency will identify and verify APs, on the basis of the resettlement census
survey carried out and will facilitate the distribution of ID cards. This work will
include identification of APs based on a census survey, preparation of ID cards,
taking photograph of APs in the field, issuance of ID cards to APs and updating of
ID cards, if required. An identity card would include a photograph of the AP,
his/her socioeconomic profile and vulnerability, the nature and extent of loss
suffered due to the project construction, and the choice AP with regard to the
mode of compensation and assistance (if applicable, as per the RP).
The agency shall prepare a list of APs, enlisting the losses and the entitlements as
per the RP, after verification. During the identification and verification of the
eligible APs, agency shall ensure that each of the APs are contacted and consulted
either in groups or individually. The agency shall especially ensure consultation
with vulnerable groups namely (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL);
(b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), (c) women-headed households
(WHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons.
(iii) Updation of AP Database and Creation/Computerization of Database
and AP Files
The agency will be responsible for updating and preparing a comprehensive
computerized database containing the data on land, structure, trees and other
affected properties of the APs which will be used to prepare AP files and
entitlements cards (EC). The database will contain information from land records
and resettlement census data. The AP and EC files will be used for making
payments of entitlements to the APs and monitoring the progress of resettlement
work.
(iv) Participation in Grievance Redress
The agency will play a key role in assisting the APs in presenting their grievances
or queries to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) which will be established at
the PMU level with the primary objective of providing a mechanism to mediate
conflict and cut down on lengthy litigation.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
39
(v) Income Restoration
The agency will also play a key role in providing income restoration assistance to
the affected households losing their primary sources of livelihood/income as a
result of the Project. The agency shall undertake consultations with the affected
households on finalizing the skills training and also undertake a market feasibility
survey to ascertain the feasibility of the skills being imparted to those affected.
Based on the outputs of these, the NGO will plan out livelihood restoration
activities as per ADBs livelihoodc support programme and link them to Nodal
NGOs under TNCWD, GoTN. Emphasis will be paid on the vulnerable groups such
as female headed households, SC households, poor etc.
In addition, the agency would also be responsible for liasoning with the various
government departments, in order to create a link up between the existing
government schemes and the affected groups.
(vi) Relocation assistance
The development agency shall facilitate the process of relocation of the affected
households getting displaced as a result of the project as per the RP.
(vii) Community Participation
In addition to the resettlement activities, the NGO will implement ‘Community
Participation Strategy’ for the Project. As part of this, the NGO will mobilize the
various stakeholders in the community and organize focus group discussions
(FGDs) at the subproject level, with community leaders, eminent citizens, local
community based Organization (CBOs), as well as women and other socio-
economically vulnerable groups such as Indigenous groups, scheduled caste and
poor households, in order to establish direct public contact. The FGDs will aim at
sharing information regarding the Project in each of the subproject area so as to
ascertain views of the various groups in the community on their priorities, choice
of technology, their views and concerns on the Project design and any other
concern on safety and other issues. In particular the NGO will undertake the
following:
Formation of Community based groups in the subproject areas so as
to promote organized community participation and representation.
Special focus will be made on formation of women’s groups representing
women belonging to various socioeconomic groups to act as active
agents and change makers in the process of participation thereby
leading to their empowerment.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
40
Awareness Building Component would be undertaken on road safety
measures with a focus on women and children .
Capacity Building Component: Under this component, training and
sensitization inputs would be provided to the community based
organizations and groups such as women’s groups and village Panchayat
about leadership and management and maintenance of the assets
created under the subprojects.
III. Time frame
The work is scheduled to start in ******** and will continue till the end of the
Project i.e. ************. The agency should be fully prepared in terms of all
logistics support to tackle and carry out the resettlement activities and tasks laid
down above.
IV. Selection criteria, Staffing, Implementation Plan
The NGO/agency to be selected for the tasks must have proven experience in
resettlement planning and implementation. Specifically, key quality criteria
include: -
Experience in direct implementation of programs in local, similar and/or
in other districts in Tamil Nadu;
Availability of trained staff capable of including into their programme
Competence, transparency and accountability based on neutral
evaluations, internal reports, and audited accounts;
Integrity and experience to represent vulnerable groups against abuses
and demonstrable mandate to represent local groups.
Demonstrated experience in computerizing and managing resettlement-
related database, and
Experience in resettlement survey, planning, monitoring and evaluation.
The agency chosen will have to agree to the terms and conditions under the RP.
The following staffing provision may be necessary for smooth and effective
implementation of the RP within the time frame:
Team Leader ;
Field coordinator ;
Resettlement Implementation Worker
Interested agency should submit proposal for the work with a brief statement of
the approach, methodology, and field plan to carry out the tasks. The proposal
should include: -
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
41
(i) Relevant information concerning previous experience on resettlement
implementation and preparation of reports.
(ii) The proposal should also include samples of ID cards, information brochures,
AP files etc. to be used during the implementation phase.
(iii) The field plan must address training and mobilization of resettlement
workers.
Full CVs (2-3 pages) of key personnel (for e.g. the Team Leader, Field Co-
coordinator) must be submitted along with the proposal. The Team Leader must
have degree in social science (preferably economics, sociology, anthropology,
development studies) and familiar with the local language. The Field coordinator
must have prior experience in resettlement operation and management and
familiar with the local language. The agency must be an established organization
registered with the Government of Tamil Nadu / India.
V. Budget
****** copies of the proposal - both technical and financial - should be
submitted. The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, training,
computer/database, transport, field and any other logistics necessary for
resettlement implementation. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the
budget will not be entertained.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
42
Appendix – IV
Terms of Reference for an External Monitoring & Evaluation
Consultant/Agency
I. Project description
1. The Government of Tamilnadu has proposed to construct 5 high level
bridges (HLBs) in Tsunami affected areas and the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
has approved the financing of these projects under Tsunami Emergency
Assistance Project (TEAP) under the loan No. 2166-IND. These 5 HLBs are
distributed into Cuddalore(2), Nagapattinam (2) and Tinvallur(1) istricts. The
subproject will include investment in physical infrastructure plus proposals for
capacity building of State, district authorities and community based organizations.
2. In accordance with ADB’s TEAP loan procedures; this Short Resettlement
Plan (RP) has been prepared for the Construction of High Level Bridge across
Vellar at km. 11/4 of Killai Road in Cuddalore District (MDR) in Tamil Nadu State.
This short RP, identifies the broad scope of the subproject and outlines the policy,
procedures for acquisition of land, compensation and other assistance measures
for affected persons and institutional requirements for this subproject under the
loan No. 2166-IND.
3. The Project includes a provision for monitoring and evaluation of the
implementation of the subproject resettlement plan by an external monitor.
Therefore, the RADMMD/ PMU, which is the Executing Agency (EA/IA) for this
project, requires services of a reputed individual/consultancy firm for monitoring
and evaluation of RP implementation.
II. Scope of work - Generic
To review and verify the progress in resettlement implementation as
outlined in the RP;
To monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of PMU, DSC and NGO in RP
implementation.
To assess whether resettlement objectives, particularly livelihoods and
living standards of the Affected Persons (APs) have been restored or
enhanced;
To assess the efforts of PMU & NGO in implementation of the
‘Community Participation strategy’ with particular attention on
participation of vulnerable groups namely (a) those who are below the
poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC),
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
43
scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d)
elderly and (e) disabled persons.
To assess resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and
sustainability, drawing both on policies and practices and to suggest
any corrective measures, if necessary.
To review the project impacts on Indigenous People and groups and
assess the effectiveness of the mitigative actions taken;
III. Scope of work- Specific
4. An Independent monitoring agency will be involved in ongoing monitoring
of the resettlement efforts by the EA/IA. The major tasks expected from the
external monitor are:
a) To develop specific monitoring indicators for undertaking monitoring
for Resettlement, Indigenous People Development Plan and the
Community Participation Strategy;
b) Review results of internal monitoring and verify claims through random
checking at the field level to assess whether land
acquisition/resettlement objectives have been generally met. Involve
the affected people and community groups in assessing the impact of
land acquisition for monitoring and evaluation purposes.
c) Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the land
acquisition/resettlement objectives and approaches, implementation
strategies.
d) To review and verify the progress in land acquisition/resettlement
implementation of subproject on a sample basis and prepare bi-annual
reports for the EA/IA and ADB.
e) Evaluate and assess the adequacy of compensation given to the APs
and the livelihood opportunities and incomes as well as the quality of
life of APs of project-induced changes.
f) To evaluate and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the
consultative process with affected APs, particularly those vulnerable,
including the adequacy and effectiveness of grievance procedures and
legal redress available to the affected parties, and dissemination of
information about these.
IV. Time Frame and Reporting
5. The independent monitoring agency will be responsible for overall
monitoring of the Executing Agency (EA) and will submit biannual review reports
to ADB through PMU and determine whether resettlement goals have been
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
44
achieved, more importantly whether livelihoods and living standards have been
restored/ enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement.
V. Qualifications
6. The monitoring agency will have significant experience in resettlement
policy analysis and RP implementation. Further, work experience and familiarity
with all aspects of resettlement operations would be desirable. Candidates with
degrees in anthropology, sociology, and development studies will be preferred.
7. Interested agencies/consultants should submit proposal for the work with
a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information
concerning previous experience on Monitoring of resettlement implementation
and preparation of reports.
8. The profile of agency along with full CV of monitors to be engaged must be
submitted along with the proposal. The agency must be an established
organization registered with the Government of India.
VI. Budget and Logistics
9. The proposal - both technical and financial - should be submitted and the
budget should include all cost and any other logistics details necessary for
resettlement monitoring. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the
budget will not be entertained.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
45
Appendix V
LIVELIHOODS A. Damage
1. The extent of damage to livelihoods9 either directly or indirectly10 extends much beyond
damage to physical infrastructure. Loss of lives; injuries; destruction of houses and productive assets;
and damage to social, physical, and transport infrastructure compounded damage to livelihoods. The
tsunami hit the livelihoods of those who were already poor11 the hardest and accentuated their deep-
seated vulnerability due to the socioeconomic structure of the affected areas, land-holding patterns,
ownership of economic assets, and lack of skills to benefit from economic opportunities. Seasonal
income patterns; climatic variations; and low coverage and quality of water, sanitation, health, and
education worsened the adverse impact.
2. The damage suffered by fisherfolks affected a broad range of microenterprises12 due to
marked interdependency in coastal economies (Table 1). The vulnerability of microenterprises to
disruptions in sources of supplies and markets led to loss of employment, especially for women.
Microenterprises cater to local markets and the lower income segments of the population both for
inputs and outputs. The damage to agriculture and livestock, though not significant, has also affected
the livelihoods of vulnerable coastal communities, including scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and
women. In addition, salinity of land and groundwater will have long-term impacts on productivity and
profitability of microenterprises especially those relating to agriculture and horticulture. Landless and
other casual laborers engaged in seasonal employment and other intermittent activities for
subsistence have suffered loss of employment opportunities and consequently wages.
Table 1: Estimated Breakup of Affected Livelihoods, Damages, and Wage Losses
Livelihoods Kerala Tamil Nadu
Item Number ($ million) % Number ($ million) % Total
I. Affected Livelihoods
Fisherfolk Microenterprises Agriculture & Livestock Others13
Total
42,723 15,000 6,500
20,777 85,000
50 18 8
24
120,000 90,000 29,000
161,000 400,000
34 22 7
37
162,723 105,000 35,500
181,777 485,000
II. Damage (assets)
Fisherfolk Microenterprises Agriculture & Livestock
Total
18.60 2.09 3.40
24.09
64 7
12
259.07 12.56 9.30
280.93
85 4 4
277.67 14.65 12.70
305.02
III. Wage Loss (per month)
Fisherfolk Microenterprises Agriculture & Livestock Others
Total
3.46 0.48 0.21 0.66 4.81
12 2 1 2
8.15 2.86 0.92 5.11
17.04
3.6 1
0.4 2
11.61 3.34 1.13 5.77
21.85 Source: Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) Report.
9 Reference is to activities undertaken by poor and low-income households including fisheries, agriculture, livestock, microenterprises, and wage employment. Large enterprises and tourism sectors are excluded. 10 For every person who goes out to the sea, approximately up to four people are estimated to be employed in allied land-based activities. International Fund for Agricultural Development. 2003. India: Rural Poverty among Coastal Fisheries: Profile and Possible Interventions, Report No.1447, October, p.39. 11 While poverty incidence in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, at 21% and 13% respectively, are below the national average of 26%, poverty among the coastal communities varies. 12 Group or individual enterprises requiring investments in the range of Rs5,000 to Rs250,000. Microenterprise encompasses all small income-generating activities. The JAM report segregated fisherfolks, agriculture, and livestock to facilitate separate sector discussions. 13 Wage laborers having seasonal employment or engaged in intermittent subsistence activities during lean periods.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
46
B. Livelihood Restoration Strategy and Initiatives
3. Livelihoods are in the private domain with a broad range of activities14 including fishing
spread over a large number of poor and low-income households. Considering the lessons learned in
emergency rehabilitation interventions, the strategy for restoration of livelihoods15 include (i) priority
for the poor and low-income families because of their inability to regain their livelihoods without
targeted interventions; (ii) empowering the poor by enabling them to reflect their priorities through
group-based mechanisms, primarily self-help groups (SHGs), which are well represented in the
affected areas; (iii) building and strengthening SHGs for sustained impact, cost-effective service
delivery, and adequate gender representation; and (iv) special interventions for vulnerable groups
that cannot immediately engage in economic activities.
4. Pooling of development efforts of the government, private sector, and nongovernment
organizations (NGOs) will be required to restore and develop livelihoods. In addition, the active
participation of affected people (including scheduled castes and scheduled tribes) to ensure effective
utilization of funds, timely delivery, effective targeting, and transparency are essential. Expeditious
service delivery, outreach, and continuity will be essential for convergence with ongoing initiatives
with established implementation mechanisms. Both Tamil Nadu, with the most damage, and Kerala16
are promoting social and economic empowerment of the poor and low-income households through
organization of SHGs and supporting them through revolving funds, part financing of group or
individual economic enterprises, linkages to institutional credit, skills development, and insurance.17
While Tamil Nadu and Kerala are in the forefront of the SHG movement in India, the coverage of
coastal communities and microenterprises development through SHGs remains limited.18
C. Scope and Components
5. The magnitude of the poverty impact of damaged livelihoods requires a substantial response
to restore income flows, reduce dependence on relief, and revive local economies. Accordingly, in
consultation with state governments this component19 includes (i) restoring livelihoods of the affected
poor and low-income households already organized into SHGs and other similar groups recognized by
state governments as affected by the tsunami through microenterprise training and establishment
support; (ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from affected households not yet
organized in community-based groups for restoring livelihoods through microenterprise training and
establishment support; (iii) replacement of productive assets (i.e., excluding housing) of tsunami-
14 State governments identified 23 microenterprises other than fisherfolk affected by tsunami. 15 Restoring livelihoods covers support for economic enterprises, upgrading skills and technology, and community based microinfrastructure to enable the poor to actively engage in economic activities. 16 Mahalir Thittam (Tamil Nadu) with 80,000 and Kudumbashree (Kerala) with 150,000 SHGs are flagship programs. 17 Implementation of this framework is financed under the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) in the ratio of 75:25 by the state governments and Government of India. In addition to back-ended subsidies, linkages are established with financing institutions. Generally, the rural development departments implement SGSY. So far 24,000 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and 15,000 SHGs in Kerala are under various stages of support under SGSY. 18 Only 7,500 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and approximately 1,500 in Kerala are in coastal communities. 19 The scope excludes fisheries and agriculture sectors, including associated asset replacement expected to be funded from other sources. However, livelihood restoration relating to these segments (SHG formation, skills development, and microenterprise development support) are part of the scope in view of the inextricable linkages in local economies and the need for coordinated implementation for cost-efficient service delivery.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
47
affected households; (iv) skills upgrading;20 (v) risk mitigation through insurance of all affected
households that receive assistance under this component, through available life and property
insurance schemes; (vi) restoring community-based infrastructure affected by the tsunami; and (vii)
technical support for implementation, monitoring, and impact assessment of this component.
D. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan
6. The total cost of this component is $60.16 million equivalent. Of the total cost, $51.15 million
equivalent is for Tamil Nadu and $9.02 million equivalent is for Kerala. The Asian Development Bank
(ADB) will finance the entire foreign exchange cost of $0.19 million equivalent and $58.84 million
equivalent of local currency cost or about 98% of the total cost. The Government will finance the
remaining local currency cost of $1.32 million equivalent, which includes taxes and duties. Cost
estimates and the financing plan are provided along with the Report and Recommendation of the
President to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Loan and Asian Tsunami Fund Grant to India for the
Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project (April 2005).
E. Implementation Arrangements
1. Project Management
7. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD) in
Tamil Nadu and the Department of Disaster Management (DDM) in Kerala will be the executing
agencies (EAs). The EAs will establish project management units (PMUs) with representation of line
agencies. The PMUs will work closely with the ADB extended missions to facilitate implementation and
exercise monitoring and control.
8. Within this framework, the Rural Development Department in Tamil Nadu and Kerala
Fisheries Department21 will be implementing agencies (IAs). For state coordination, both IAs will be
represented in the PMUs. Project implementation units (PIUs) will be established within the Rural
Development Department and Kerala Fisheries Department. Project implementation will be undertaken
by field functionaries with emphasis on participation of local bodies, communities, and NGOs similar to
the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana framework with adaptations required for expediting
outreach without compromising core principles. Key activities will be outsourced to specialized
agencies such as Kudumbashree in Kerala, Tamil Nadu Corporation for Women Development Limited,
Enterprise Development Institute in Ahmedabad, and other accredited training establishments and
NGO service providers. Successful SHGs will be encouraged as service providers to mainstream good
governance in community-based development interventions.
2. Implementation Schedule
9. The Project will be implemented over 3 years, commencing in the second quarter of 2005.
The concerned state governments will establish the PMUs and PIUs. The following startup activities will
be completed within the first 3 months (i) service provider eligibility criteria and (ii) processing of
retroactive financing, if any.
20 Skills development intervention is kept generic to ensure participation of SHGs, and other affected community groups and individuals. The scope includes fisheries and allied activities of poor and low income households. 21 The Government of Kerala prefers livelihood restoration to be implemented by the Fisheries Department to realize the unexplored synergies between fisheries and other livelihood sources. Implementation in close coordination with Kudambashree (responsible for SGSY implementation) will ensure realization of the project objective.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
48
3. Procurement
10. Procurement, wherever required will be in accordance with ADB Guidelines for Procurement.
4. Consulting Services
11. Domestic consultants (community microenterprise development specialists) will be required
in Kerala and in Tamil Nadu to provide technical support to equip the line departments to restore
livelihoods in the aftermath of the disaster, mainstream best practices in communitybased
microenterprise development, emphasize outreach to women and other vulnerable groups, pool the
development efforts of stakeholders, monitor progress, and measure impact.
5. Monitoring
12. The PIUs will maintain a project performance monitoring system that will generate
semiannual and annual reports. The information system will include (i) the number of SHGs formed
and assisted, including membership by poverty classification, vulnerability, and gender; (ii) capacity
and skills training imparted; (iii) the number of enterprises supported and their financial and efficiency
ratios; (iv) repayment performance; (v) asset replacement and risk mitigation; and (vi) quantitative
and qualitative progress of community-based microinfrastructure projects.22 Specific monitoring
indicators will be applied to monitor whether the affected scheduled castes and scheduled tribe
community members receive the above assistance. The IAs will periodically commission independent
impact assessment to measure poverty outreach and poverty reduction through changes in income,
asset holding, and employment status. The IAs will maintain proper records and identification of SHGs
and individual beneficiaries receiving assistance including cash assistance under the Project. Likewise
proper accounts and reports will be maintained by the IAs and provided periodically to the EAs.
F. Benefits and Risks
13. The Project represents a focused approach to restoring livelihoods of affected households
through extension of ongoing interventions with appropriate adaptations for income expansion,
employment generation, and poverty reduction. The Project is expected to support 12,000 SHGs with
nearly 130,000 members including their capacity building and skills development. At least 50% of
those assisted will be women and at least 3% will be from among the disabled. About 130,00023
livelihoods will either be restored or started. In total, 350,000 livelihoods are likely to receive asset
replacement and risk reduction support. Simultaneous interventions especially for infrastructure
restoration through National Calamity Contingency Fund, state governments, private sector, and
multilateral and bilateral agencies will facilitate forward and backward linkages, which will help
enhance the rate of return on investments in microenterprises.
14. Major risks relate to ambitious targets inducing compromise on core principles of
sustainability and community participation. This has been mitigated by setting goals that can be
realistically achieved within the context of a limited duration Project.24 In addition, due caution will be
taken in selecting and promoting enterprises. The covariance risk of establishing a large number of
similar microenterprises in limited geographic areas has been reduced through a demand-driven
approach where communities realistically assess their skill and abilities. A community-based approach
will enhance effective targeting.
22 Operation and maintenance costs will be borne by local bodies. 23 Assuming group-based economic enterprises. 24 The size of this component factors implementation capacity and the time required to achieve expected outputs.
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
49
Appendix – VI
List of Participants in Consultation
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
50
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
51
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
52
Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge
53
Information for Posting revised SRP on ADB Website
SRP for
Start Date of Public Consultation /
dissemination of information
Start Date of revised SRP disclosure to the
entitled APs
Close Date of Public consultation / dissemination of information
Kodiyampalayam Bridge 21.09.2007 Mar-07 18.01.2008 Prepared By: Highways Department Project Title: Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project