reserves and national parks

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Reserves and National Parks

Textbook chapter-

Conservation of Biodiversity



� Nature reserve, area set aside for the purpose of preserving certain animals, plants, or both.

� A nature reserve differs from a national park usually in

being smaller and having as its sole purpose theprotection of nature.

� Endangered species are often kept in reserves, awayfrom the hunters who brought them close toextinction. In the United States, numerous wildliferefuges have served this purpose, especially withrespect to birds. Nature reserves are also numerous inEurope, India, Indonesia, and some African countries.



Komodo dragon



� National park, an area set aside by a nationalgovernment for the preservation of the naturalenvironment.

� A national park may be set aside for purposes of public recreation and enjoyment or because of itshistorical or scientific interest. Most of thelandscapes and their accompanying plants and

animals in a national park are kept in their naturalstate.

� .



Yosemite National Park

� The national parks in

the United States and

Canada tend to focus onthe protection of both

land and wildlife

� Case study page 132



AMBOSELI NATIONAL PARK OF KENYA

SAFARI

� Africa national parks

primarily exist to

conserve animals



Yukon national Park



� A wildlife corridor is a protected passageway

where it is known that fauna migrate. The

Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative is

an excellent example of this type of

conservation effort.



Yukon- Home to 105 species of birds



� According to Conservation International, the termbiodiversity hotspot refers to "the richest and mostthreatened reservoirs of plant and animal life onEarth... To qualify as a hotspot, a region must meet two

strict criteria: it must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (> 0.5 percent of the worlds total) asendemics, and it has to have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat." [5] These hotspots are rapidlydisappearing due to human activities, but they still

have a chance of being saved if conservation measuresare enacted. Biodiversity hotspots could be consideredthe most important places to put reserves.



� biodiversity hotspot refers to "the richest andmost threatened reservoirs of plant and animallife on Earth...

� To qualify as a hotspot, a region must meet twostrict criteria:

� it must contain at least 1,500 species of vascularplants (> 0.5 percent of the worlds total) as

endemics,

� and it has to have lost at least 70 percent of itsoriginal habitat."



� endangered

species, any species of

plant, animal, or other

organism that is at riskof extinction because of

a sudden rapid

decrease in its

population or a loss of its critical habitat.



CITES

� Convention on the International Trade inEndangered Species (of Wild Fauna and Flora)

� an international agreement

�treaty aimed at preventing trade in endangeredspecies of plants and animals

� thereby reducing demand;and contributing to organisms conservation

�

e.g. ivory/rhino horn/many marine turtlespecies/many species of parrots;



W eakness

� some countries are still outside the Convention;

� provisions difficult to implement/enforce,

particularly in LEDC

� Lengthy procedures for making changes to theConvention;

� a number of exceptions exist e.g. import/export

of organisms for scientific purposes (Article IIIpart 3 of the Convention);



http://www.iucnredlist.org/



� The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is

committed to providing the most objective,

scientifically-based information on the current

status of globally threatened biodiversity.



� The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species iscommitted to providing the most objective,scientifically-based information on the currentstatus of globally threatened biodiversity. Theplants and animals assessed for the IUCN Red Listare the bearers of genetic diversity and thebuilding blocks of ecosystems, and informationon their conservation status and distribution

provides the foundation for making informeddecisions about conserving biodiversity from localto global levels



Protecting Biodiversity

24 March 2009 Biodiversity.ppt 23

� Island Biogeography

± Everyplace is an island

± Habitat fragmentation

� Smaller fragments holdfewer species



� http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_design

� http://morriscourse.com/elements_of_ecolog

y/chapter_28.htm

reserves and national parks

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