1

PERCEPTION OF THE RESIDENTS OF QUINTINA SAN PASCUALMASBATE REGARDING THE INTEGRATED COASTAL

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECTOF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Ligao Community College

Ligao City

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Economics

ARNIE N. OGATESLEA E. PITAS

October 2015

Chapter I

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THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

Nowadays protection of the environment is very important as the

world is moving into a new era without considering any of the major

problems of pollution with rapid industrialization. The best way to

protect the environment is conservation. Conservation is the

philosophy and policy of managing the environment to assure there is

an adequate supply of natural resources for future as well as present

generation. The environment provides both a direct value as well as

raw material intended for economic activity, thus making the

environment and economy interdependent. For that reason, the way in

which the economy was managed has an impact on the environment

which in turn, affects both welfare and performance of the economy.

Coastal resources are important components of natural resources

and they are also the important material fortunes of national economy

and society development. However, a series of problems emerged

from exploiting and utilizing coastal resources forced people to scan

their own management and utilization styles in a new way.1

Considering its vastness of fishing grounds and abundance in natural

resources found within or along the coastal areas, still the struggle to

sustain the daily existence is hard enough to believe. It is ironic that

3

the richness of our coastal and upland resources had not improved the

quality of life of rural communities particularly of our municipal fisher

folk, who remained the poorest of the poor.

The economic potentials of this natural wealth remain

underutilized because of poor resource management. The need to face

the great challenge is a real and genuine response towards proper

resource management and sustainable development through good

governance. Local Governments Units (LGUs) had been given the

mandate of stewardship of our resources. Many Local Officials had

responded to this challenge, but there is a need to mobilize more of

them to become champions and advocates of resource management.2

The Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project (ICRMP) is

the right answer to this challenge in order to address the problem by

uplifting the living condition of the coastal communities as primary

beneficiaries. Being aware of the depletion and deterioration of coastal

and upland resources, conflict programs of government, vested

personal interest of political leaders, weak law enforcement and

economic disparity were some of the causes of the rural poverty.3

The Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project (ICRMP)

is the real response to these most prevalent causes. President Gloria

M. Arroyo issued an Executive Order No. 0533 otherwise known as

4

“Adopting Integrated Coastal Management on the Natural Strategy to

Ensure the Sustainable Development of the Country’s Coastal and

Marine Environment and Resources, hence, effective approach to

sustainable coastal and marine development with demonstrated

benefits in enhancing economic growth, ecosystem protection,

proportion of social equity and the quality of life of the people”.4

The Local Government Code of 1991 and the Philippine Fisheries

Code of 1998 granted local government units (LGUs) more powers to

manage municipal fisheries and coastal resources. Furthermore, they

provided for the greater participation of fishermen, other stakeholders,

and the community in general in coastal resources management. As a

result, the development of approaches for the management of

municipal fisheries and coastal resources were multi-sectorial in nature

which had been enhanced. This was particularly reflected by the

phenomenal growth of Integrated Coastal Resources Management

(ICRM) programs and projects in the past decade (Pomeroy and Carlos

1996).5

The Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project (ICRMP)

promotes the '' ridge -to- reef'' approach in managing coastal

resources. This management approach, addressing threats in the

upland, lowlands and coastal areas. It was expected that the result in

5

the development of coastal resources that was sustainable, allowing

these resources to continue providing environmental service, to

support livelihood, eco-tourism, industrial and other socio-economic

activities. The process was designed to overcome the fragmentation

inherent in single-sector management approaches (fishing operations,

oil and gas development, etc.), in the splits in jurisdiction among

different levels of government, and in the land-water interface. It is a

broad and dynamic process that required the active and sustained

involvement of the interested public and many stakeholders with

interests how coastal resources were allocated and conflicts were

mediated. The ICM process provided a means by which concerns at

local, regional and national levels were discussed and future directions

were negotiated.6

Today we live in global consumer society. People across the world

purchase, use, and dispose of a huge variety of product which made

our lives easier and more comfortable. However, the result of this was

massive damage to our environment.

Thus, this study aimed to encourage the residents to cooperate

and to protect the coastal resources for the economic development

and for their own sake. The local community is of great help to the

ICRMP committee, specially the senior one who have been living in the

6

place for more than decades. Their knowledge plays an important role.

Hence, one can designate a local leader which not only share

knowledge to the government but act as an intermediary to the local

too. It is important that locals participate in key decision and at its

earliest stage. When structuring some approaches to the ICRMP, social

and cultural factors should be taken into consideration.7

Setting of the Study

The focus of this study was the Brgy. Quintina, San Pascual,

Masbate. It has a population of 2135 with 383 households. Quintina is

a quiet place meaning there are no social activities like in cities.

Considering its geographical location, the residents mostly are

dependent on living on what they can get from the available coastal

and mostly from the marine resources, however, it become one of the

reasons why they are beset with the situation where the resources

are diminishing. The barangay of Quintina has long been on the

threshold of coastal resources affluence where coastal community

have savored the good scene view of environment and enjoyed the

fresh air to breathe, a clean seawater for recreation and navigation, a

white beach for tranquil rest and most of all, the abundant foods than

can be sourced out from coastal-marine resources.

7

Undeniably, its richness and bio-diverse coastal ecosystem of

Quintina are now '' exhausted'' and ''diminishing'' due to overuse of

the common property known as the tragedy of the common. The

uncontrolled issues of improper waste management, continuous

deforestation, siltation, illegal quarrying and illegal fishing have caused

damages on our marine habitats.

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to determine the perceptions of the residents in

Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal

Resources Management Project of Local Government Unit.

Specifically, the study sought to answers the following sub-

problems:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of?

a. age;

b. Sex;

c. civil status;

d. educational attainment;

e. Occupation, and

f. Monthly Income?

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2. What are the activities under the Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project of Local Government Unit in Quintina San

Pascual Masbate?

3. What are the perceptions of the residents of Quintina San Pascual

Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources Management

Project of Local Government Unit in terms of:

a. management procedure

b. development of the community

4. What are the advantages of the Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project to the residents of Quintina San Pasccual

Masbate?

Assumptions of the Study

This study entitled ''Perceptions of the Residents of Quintina,

BARANGAY QUINTINA MUNICIPALITY OF SAN PASCUAL

PROVINCE OF MASBATE

9

REGION V

Figure 1

MAP OF THE STUDY

San Pascual, Masbate Regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project of Local Government Unit’’ will be premised on

the following assumptions.

1. That there are varied demographic profile.

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2. That there are some activities of Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project.

3. That there are different perceptions of the residents of Quintina San

Pascual Masbate regarding the integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project of Local Government Unit.

4. That there are advantages of the Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project to the residents of Quintina San Pascual

Masbate.

Significance of the Study

Specifically, this study will benefit the following:

Residents of Quintina. This study will serve as an additional

source of information to the residents of Quintina, San Pascual,

Masbate on how to conserve and protect their coastal resource, not

just coastal area but all of the natural resources.

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. This study will

help the BFAR in implementing and giving information on Integrated

Coastal Resources Management Project to the residents of Quintina

San Pascual Masbate in conserving and protecting the marine and

coastal resources.

11

Local Government Unit. This will help the local government

unit to determine the perceptions of every resident towards the

importance of Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project. Also,

with this present study local government units could make some more

ideas in implementing the Integrated Coastal Resources Management

Project.

Community. The community will be enlightened by their role in

establishing and providing disciplines and initiative which will preserve,

protect and promote the natural resources, life, property and dignity of

all.

Researchers. This will serve as a guide and reference materials

for those who would like to conduct some studies relevant to the

present one. This study will be also significant to the future

researchers since this will serve as useful reference for their future

studies.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The overall respondents of the study were composed of the

selected residents of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate near the coastal

area, they answered the survey questionnaire and interview guide

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questions that was subjected to this research investigation. The focus

of this study was to determine the perceptions of the residents of

Quintina, San Pascual Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal

Resources Management Project of Local Government Unit. In

gathering the primary data, the researchers distributed questionnaires

and conducted some sort of interview to determine the level of

perceptions of the residents towards the Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project. Moreover, the demographic profile of the

respondents were taken into consideration, thus the age, sex, civil

status, educational attainment, occupation and monthly income were

noted.

Furthermore, the respondents were the selected heads of the

family who were coastal residents of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate,

who were subjected to answer the questionnaire and interview guide

questions. As the researchers continued to seek the total population

of the residents in the coastal area of Quintina San Pascual Masbate

from year 2014-2015, the research investigations found out that there

were 150 residents. Therefore, Sloven’s formula was utilized to

determine the proportional distribution of the respondents which was

97. This was to make sure that while narrowing the respondents, fair

distribution was conducted.

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Notes

1Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources: Government of the Philippines. http://www.gov.ph/Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project. (2014)

2Official Gazette of the Philippines: (Government of the Philippines. http://www.gov.ph/2013/05/15/Republic-Act-No.8550. (2014)

3Republic of the Philippines National Urban Assessment. Www. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK. (2014)

4Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project. Republic of the Philippines. http://www.denr.gov.ph. (2014)

14

5Executive Order No. (2015).//.www.pemsea.org/sites/default/files/eo-0533-2006

6Conserving Mangrove Ecosystems in the Philippines:Transcending Disciplinary and Institutional Borders:www.bfar.gov.ph/denr.com

7International Conference on Estuaries and Coasts/: Coastal resources;Capitalization/management/;Resource/evaluation.//www. ChinesAcademy//Sciences.Beijing.China

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contained the review of related literature and

studies. It also included the synthesis of the state-of-the-art, the gap

bridged by the study, the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the

study and definition of terms. Literature and studies were collected

from the internet, unpublished undergraduate thesis, articles on

newspapers, and case study.

15

Related Literature

Foreign

Cicin-Sain and Knect (2008), stated on their book entitled

“Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Concept and Practices”

that the presence of large and growing population in the worlds coastal

areas creates a major problem. In developing countries with less

infrastructure in place more people in the coastal zone means more

pollution of coastal water, more pressure on nearby natural resources,

like mangrove forest for firewood and beach sand for constructions,

and more pressure on fishing resources. Clearly, the tendency for

greater number of people to migrate to the world’s coasts is exerting

serious pressure on these areas that could put the value and

productivity of many of them at risk. Unless effective steps to manage

these area are taken soon, losses of considerable consequence will

occur.1

Chanoitis and Stead (2007) stated on their article entitled “A large

marine governance framework”, that coastal zone management was a

dynamic process that includes coordinated strategy that was

developed and implemented to provide a sustainable environment,

socio- cultural and conserve the resources. Many studies suggested

that ICRM can greatly improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of

16

the coastal zone who depend on the resources and at the same time,

sustained the biodiversity and the productivity of the coastal

ecosystem. ICRM help to find solutions for long term and short term

problems.2

Walters and Jin (2003) stated on their article entitled “Geospatial

assessment of Coral and Mangrove Environs of the Andaman Islands”

that Coastal resources refer to the natural resources found in coastal

areas, which was useful for human today or in the coming future,

including land, forests, coastal waters and wetlands, sand minerals,

hydrocarbons, and living coastal organisms. Living coastal resources

include fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds and other marine

organisms (seaweed, coral reefs). Coastal resources also generally

include other important resources such as those with archaeological,

historic, sacred, or gender-specific significance. Coastal resources are

crucial and important to support life on our planet. The benefits that

can be derived from coastal resources were well known and widely

recognized. Coastal resources were sources of primary and secondary

production, and biodiversity.3

Jean (2002) stated on her article entitled “conserving the coastal

areas” that Coastal zones throughout the world are attractive and

important areas for socio-economic development. However, the coastal

17

zone’s increasingly becoming the favorite site of human activities had

disastrous consequences on coastal resources.4

White (2005) stated on his article entitled, “The development of

industrial and tourism” that the increased in the urban population has

generally been highly concentrated in the coastal zone. That the rich

coastal resources were under severe stress form the combined impacts

of human over exploitation, physical disturbance, pollution,

sedimentation and so on. Their common property nature makes it

impossible to exclude those who do not pay for enjoying or using them.

As a result, there was no incentive to conserve such resources and

overuse and even exhaustion can occur when utilization or harvest

rates exceed the population growth rates of species.

If we don’t change these situation and utilizations styles, in the

future, we had much less resource left and its net natural productivity

will be significantly reduced or there will be nothing left and ultimately

deprive future generation of their rightful heritage. If we can portray

the economic values of coastal resources, we may place more

importance on their management and long-term protection and control

our abuse of coastal resources.5

Local

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Aguilar (2002) on his article entitled “Fisheries and coastal

resources management”, stated that the term coastal resource

management is used to refer to “the participatory process of planning,

implementing, and monitoring sustainable use of coastal resources

through collective action and sound decision making.” A majority of the

country’s municipalities were coastal (832 out of 1 541), most major

cities developed as seaports and 62 percent of Filipinos reside in the

coastal areas of the country. Human activities combined with the

demands of an increasing population threaten the different ecological

systems of the coastal zone, including crucial habitats and the very

resources that provide food and livelihood. The proximity of human

populations to the coastal areas invariably result in resource use

conflicts such as siltation from deforestation, commercial and

municipal fisheries territorial disputes and development of extractive

as well as processing industries with significant pollution potential.

With the devolution of decision making of the LGU, inadequate policies

and regulations were usually the norm.6

Farley, Batker, Dela torre and Hudspet (2009) on their book

entitle “Conserving mangrove ecosystems in the Philippines :

transcending disciplinary and institutional borders”, stated that

humans were rapidly depleting critical ecosystems and the life support

functions they provided, increased the urgency of developing effective

19

conservation tools. Ecosystems contribute to human welfare in two

fundamental ways. First, the structural building blocks of ecosystems

plants, animals, minerals, soils, land, and water and so on provide the

raw materials for all economic production. Second, ecosystems provide

life support functions as well as other valuable services, many of which

are essential to human welfare and for all practical purposes, non-

substitutable. Unfortunately, there was a clash between these two

roles, as removal of structure and the return of waste into the

ecosystem degrade function, including the ability of ecosystems to

renew themselves and to recover from exogenous shocks. Human

society must, therefore strike an appropriate balance between

conversion and conservation of ecosystems.7

Related Studies

Foreign

Moksness, Dahl and Stottrup (2012) stated on their study entitled

“Integrated Coastal Zone Management” that sustainable utilization of

coastal resources was a major challenge facing us is to manage human

activities, including conserving significant coastal resources such as

tropical reefs, mangroves, and sea grass. Internationally, (e.g.

Convention on Biodiversity) and within the EU (e.g. EC Habitat

20

Directive), there were agreements and new legislation that address the

issues related to habitat degradation and the sustainability of coastal

resources. An important tool to apply to this spatial planning that drew

upon the new tools provided by geographic information system (GIS).

In particular, the ability to capture information on human activities, the

protection provided for resources and the abundance and occurrence

of unique resources. Spatial planning helped to address the scramble

that occurs for space in the coastal zone.8

Gupta and Fletcher (2012) in their study entitled “The Application

of a Proposed Generic Institutional Framework for Integrated Coastal

Management to India” revealed that, the complex and dynamic nature

of the coastal and marine area was prompting many nations to

consider the internalization of integrated coastal management (ICM)

policy as part of a deliberate strategy for sustainable development.

Agenda 21 identified the sustainable management of coastal and

marine areas as one of the essential components of the global life-

support system.

The geographic focus of sustainable coastal and marine area

management was where human activities were interlinked with both

the land and sea environments. Integrated coastal management (ICM)

was a mechanism which seeks to combine the management of the

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land and the adjoining water within a unified framework. The need for

some form of ICM in India was great, despite signs of greater priority

being given to coastal and marine issues in recent decades. These

initial national endeavors demonstrate an emergent recognition of the

importance of coastal and marine areas in India. The Indian approach,

however, remains reliant upon a single sector, with little apparent

interagency co-ordination, and limited prioritization of the cumulative

impacts of multiple uses. The challenge for India is to create an

effective coastal and marine area management program and to

encourage government interest in the ICM concept. In such situation,

the first priority should be to create a framework that has the

mandate, human and financial resources, and the political will to put

the concept of ICM into practice.9

Local

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P.Christie (2013) stated on his study entitled “Economic valuation

and policy priorities for sustainable management of coral reef”, that,

Integrated Coastal Management was dependent on trust between

individuals and cooperation between institutions. But it was also

dependent on upward and downward accountability. Several

researchers and practitioners of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM)

highlight the importance of multi-party commitment by formal and

informal institutions. Common pool regime theory provided helpful

design principles such as the need for nested institutions providing

support for locally led initiatives. Institutions can play a variety of roles

within ICM. They provided funding, education, technical assistance,

community outreach, and legal support. The internal capabilities and

weaknesses of each institution necessitate that institutions collaborate

to provide a complementary array of support. Comparative studies

suggest that external institutions played the role of ‘‘honest broker’’

providing technical assistance on demand and supporting existing

institutions and processes. ICM was a dynamic process requiring

adaptive planning and flexibility within institutions—processes that are

not always supported when funding was tied to predetermined

deliverables.10

Dr. Antonio G.M. La Viña (2013), on his study entitled “Re-

Thinking Philippine Environmental institutions” a study undertaken to

23

ascertain the elements and trends at the local and national levels,

which define the rights and roles that provided the management

framework for the implementation of different types of locally based

resources management systems in marine and coastal areas.

Competition among resource users was a significant issue in the

coastal zone. Industrial and real estate developments, which required

extensive lands in the most scenic or productive areas of the coastal

zone, compete with other uses, particularly agriculture and

conservation. Tourism and recreation activities, which require high

environmental amenities and access to infrastructure (roads, water

and waste disposal), have adversely affected amenities that should

have been allocated to coastal communities.

There was also degradation of the landscape as a result of

infrastructure developments. The urbanization of the coast has been

disastrous to small-scale municipal fishers because of the devastation

of wetlands and the pollution of waterways that threatened important

cultural, historic and anthropological sites in the coastal zone. The

Philippines was situated in the center of marine biodiversity brought

about by various geological and evolutionary processes. Rich and

diverse natural ecosystems like coral reefs, mangrove swamps,

estuaries, sea grasses, sandy beaches, embayment and sheltered

coves abound. These areas contained natural resources of

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socioeconomic, cultural and aesthetic value. The importance of marine

and coastal zones to the Philippines is readily apparent. Sixty percent

of the country’s 73 provinces and municipalities were located in the

coastal zone. In 1997, the Coastal Environment Program (CEP)

reported that more than 60% of the 60 million populations reside in

some 10,000 coastal barangays (smallest political unit) and major

urban centers. The Philippines was situated in the center of marine

biodiversity brought about by various geological and evolutionary

processes. Rich and diverse natural ecosystems like coral reefs,

mangrove swamps, estuaries, sea grasses, sandy beaches,

embayment and sheltered coves abound. These areas contained

natural resources of socioeconomic, cultural and aesthetic value.11

Larsen, Acebes and Belen (2012), stated on their study entitled

“Philippines Integrated Coastal Management: Diverging Stakeholder

Agendas and Elite Co-option in the Babuyan Islands” the dominant

national level response in the Philippines to concerns regarding

ecosystem declined and degradation had been the institutionalization

of the Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) paradigm. Building on

former Coastal Resource Management (CRM) programs, ICM aimed to

reverse ecological degradation, for instance through re-habilitation, re-

forestation and re–stocking in coastal zones. The ICM regime promoted

a procedural shift towards increased stakeholder participation and

25

balanced employment by coercive and non-coercive policy

instruments. This ambition mirrored the global trend in environmental

governance and management towards exploring a more diverse set of

policy instruments, comprising a mixture of regulation, voluntary

measures and economic instruments. The 2006 Millennium Ecosystem

Assessment, in the chapter on marine and coastal ecosystems,

recommends both ICM and stakeholder participation in decision

making as one of the response options to current resource

degradation.12

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

The literature and related studies that were discussed were all

related to the present study, because they all pertained to the

importance of Integrated Coastal Resource Management and the

different strategies in proper utilization of our coastal resources.

The foreign related literature are: “Integrated Coastal and

Management: Concept and Practices” (2008), “A large marine

governance framework” (2007), “Geospatial assessment of Coral and

Mangrove Environs of the Andaman Islands” (2003), conserving the

coastal areas” (2002) and “The development of industrial and

tourism” (2005). The local literatures are: Fisheries and Coastal

Resources Management (2002), Farley, Batker, Dela torre and

26

Hudspet “Conserving mangrove ecosystems in the Philippines,

transcending disciplinary and institutional borders” (2009).

These articles had similarities to the present study with regards

to the conservation and protection of coastal and marine life and the

participatory process of planning, implementing and monitoring

through collective action and sound decision making of the local

government unit and the ICRMP officials.

The difference of these articles to the present study was that, it

gave much emphasis on the importance of mangroves and other

marine life to the purpose of coastal development.

These articles pertained on the significance on value of

environment or coastal resources which helped them to be more

productive and had higher standard of living from the given resources.

But this study only aimed to determine the perceptions of residents in

Quintina that can be derived from the coastal resources. It will

help them how to protect the marine resources or to be conscious on

their environment.

The related studies for foreign are; “Integrated Coastal Zone

Management” and “The application of a proposed generic

institutional framework for integrated coastal management to India”

27

and for local studies are; P.Christie “Economic valuation and policy

priorities for sustainable management of coral reef (2013), Dr.

Antonio G.M. La Viña “Re-Thinking Philippines Environmental

Institutions’’ (2013) and Larsen, Acebes and Belen, on their

study entitled “Philippines Integrated Coastal Management: Diverging

Stakeholder Agendas and Elite Co-option in the Babuyan Islands”

(2012).

The relevance of these related studies from the present study

was that they gave much value on coastal ecosystem. They gave

importance on every component of natural resources wherein they got

the source of their daily living and contributes significantly to the

economic well-being of the country through tourism. Even though this

study had similarities to the present study, it also has a difference in

terms of its purpose and function. Some of the studies focused on how

the stakeholder plays a great role in the implementation of Integrated

Coastal Resources Management project and provide the information

necessary for sound environmental management for the purpose of

conservation of coastal resources.

Gap Bridged by the Study

After reading the related literature and studies, it showed that

there are several findings and conclusions about Integrated Coastal

28

Resources Management Project and its importance to the community

of Quintina San Pascual Masbate and the Perceptions of the residents

towards the project, which had bearing on the research undertaken.

Furthermore, it also showed that no research as of the moment has

been undertaken about this study. This study has been decided in

order to bridge the gap.

Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored on the three theories namely: ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT THEORY (Adam Smith), CONSERVATION THEORY

(Hilton-Taylor) and PERCEPTIONS THEORY (Daryl Bem). These theories

were used in presenting the theoretical paradigm. The theories were

developed out of many policies and concept on the perception of the

residents towards the Integrated Coastal Resources Management.

The first theory adopted by this study was the “Economic

Development Theory” of Adam Smith which stated that as a rational

living creature, man actively responds to opportunities in the

environment, because he saw all the advantages that he will

personally gain in doing so.13 This theory has been related to this

study in many ways in which the residents in Quintina experienced

what so called the economic development if they take good care the

natural resources surrounded them. If every individual member of

29

society is left to peruse his economic activity, he will maximize the

output to the best of his ability. Freedom of action brings out the best

of an individual which increases society wealth and progress.

The second theory adopted by this study was the “conservation

theory” of Hilton-Taylor, which is defined as an improvement,

and protection of human and natural resources in a wise manner,

ensuring derivation of their highest economic and social benefits on

a continuing or long-term basis. It was achieved through alternative

technologies, recycling, and reduction in waste and spoilage, and it

implied consumption of the conserved resources.14

This theory had been related to the study in which that the

conservation of the coastal and marine resources through

implementation of Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project

in order to protect the coastal resources and its coastal life. This will

give equal opportunity to all to use the resources for the benefits of all.

The residents of Quintina may realize that natural resources are non-

renewable resources, without conservation of it can’t sustain the needs

of the people that live within. Sustainable development and

management of global and regional resources is not an ecological

problem, nor an economic one, nor a social one. It is a combination of

30

all three. And yet actions to integrate all three typically have short-

changed one or more.

Sustainable designs driven by conservation interests often ignore

the needs for an adaptive form of economic development that

emphasizes human economic enterprise and institutional flexibility.

Those driven by economic and industrial interests often act as if the

uncertainty of nature can be replaced with human engineering and

management controls, or ignored all together. Those driven by social

interests can act as if community development and empowerment of

individuals encounter no limits to the imagination and initiative of local

groups. Each view captures its prescriptions in code words: regulation

and control; get the prices right; empowerment; stakeholder

ownership. These are not wrong, just too partial. Investments fail

because they are partial. As a consequence, the policies of

governments, private foundations, international agencies, and NGOs

flop from emphasizing one kind of myopic solution to another. 

The third theory used by the study was the “perceptions theory”

of Daryl Bem which is defined as our recognition and interpretation of

sensory information. Perception also included how we respond to the

information. We can think of perception as a process where we take in

sensory information from our environment and use that information in

31

order to interact with our environment. Perception allows us to take

the sensory information in and make it into something meaningful.15

This theory had been related to the study in which the perceptions of

the residents of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate in regards with the

management procedure of the local government unit in the

implementation of Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project.

This been related to the study in which it had been analyzed and

understand by the residents. The situation that confronts them before

they react on what the management procedure of the local

government unit is all about.

With these three theories, the researchers come up with the idea

“protection and conservation of the environment was the concern of

all''. It meant that the more people who were trained to help solved

arising problem, the faster obstacles were removed and the greater

economic condition for current and future generation. Because the

coastal and marine resources of the Philippines are under severe

threat due to human actions and climate change. Owing to their

biodiversity and economic value, these resources were of national and

global importance. The stresses on coral reefs, mangroves, sea grass,

and other important coastal habitats had resulted in a decrease.

32

Figure 2

THEORETICAL PARADIGM

Conceptual Framework

This research dealt primarily on the perceptions of the residents

of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal

Resources Management Project. The study was conceptualized based

on input, process and output approach. The input in the study was the

PROTECTION ANDCONSERVATION OF THE

ENVIRONMENT ISTHE CONCERN OF ALL

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THEORY

(ADAM SMITH,

1997)

CONSERVATION THEORY

(Hilton-Taylor,

2000)

PERCEPTION THEORY

(Daryl Bem,

1995)

33

perceptions of the residents of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate

regarding

the integrated coastal resources management project of local

government unit, and the selected residents who answered the

questionnaire and subjected to a direct interview.

The second frame contained the process which indicated the

method used, research instrument and the statistical tools used. The

process includes the descriptive method of the study, qualitative and

quantitative, questionnaire, percentage techniques, frequency count

and ranking method in order that the researchers got the needed data

of the study.

The last frame contained the output of the study, which was the

result of the input and the process when analyzed and interpreted.

A feedback mechanism was provided to inform the respondents

regarding the output of the study.

INPUT

PROCESS

OUTPUT

Perceptions of the

Residents of Quintina, San

Pascual, Masbate

regarding the integrated

coastal resources

management project

DescriptiveQualitative Quantitative

QuestionnaireI Interview Respond

ents Statistical

ToolsFrequencyPercentageWeightedMean

The implementation

of integrated coastal

resources management

project had been perceived by the

selected residents as

effective way to improve their coastal and marine life.

34

FEEDBACK

Figure 3

CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

Definition of Terms

In order for the readers to understand this study, the following

terms were operationally and conceptually defined to give better

understanding of the research study.

35

Conceptual Definitions

BFAR.  Means the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. An

agency of the Philippine government under the Department of

Agriculture responsible for the development, improvement,

management and conservation of the Philippine fisheries and aquatic

resources .16

Coastline. A line that forms the boundary between the land and

the ocean or a lake.17

Coastal Resources. Means the coastal waters of the state, their

natural resources, related marine and wildlife habitat and adjacent

shore lands, both developed and undeveloped, form an integrated

terrestrial and estuarine ecosystem.18

ICRMP. Means the Integrated Coastal Resources Management.

In which it is a process by which rational decisions are made

concerning the conservation and sustainable used of coastal and ocean

resources and policy and an Institutional Strengthening and

Development, which will develop an institutional framework for

national and local government coordination. 19

36

Innovative. Introducing or using new ideas or methods.

being or producing something like nothing done or experinced or creat

ed before.20

Implementation. Refers to the carrying out, execution, or

practice of a plan, method, or any design for doing something

important. The action followed any preliminary thinking for something

to actually happen.21

Operational Definition

Quintina. The place where the study was conducted.

Quintina is found in the Island of Burias. It is one of the twenty-two

barangays in the municipality of San Pascual.

Coastline. It is the area where land meets the sea or ocean.

The coastline area in San pascual start in barangay Boca-chica, next

to Bolod, Busing Cueva, Dancalan, Halabangbaybay, Iniwaran, Ki-

Romero, Ki-buaya, Laurente, Mabini, Mabauhay, Malaking Ilog,

Nazareno, Pinamasingan, Quintina, San Jose, San Rafael, Sta Cruz, end

up to Terraplin.

Promote. To help something happened, develop, or increase.

To encourage the growth and development of something.

37

Mangroves. Are various large and extensive types of trees up

to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment

habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N

and 25° S.

Residents. Are the respondents of the study specifically,

the selected heads of the family.

Notes

1Cicin-Sain and Knect. (2008), “Integrated Coastal and Occean Management: Concept and Practices”: Literature. http://www.Google books. (2015)

2Chaniotis and Stead (2007), “A large marine governance framework” http://www.Literature.com/2010/10/importance-of-coastal resources.html. (2015)

38

3Walters and Jim (2003),” Geospatial assessment of Coral and Mangrove Environments of the Andaman Islands” www.books.google.com › Nature › Ecosystems & Habitats › Oceans & Seas. . (2015)

4Jean (2002), “conserving the coastal areas”, Literature.// International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering.//http. www.google books

5White (2005), “The development of industrial and tourism” http. //.www.essay.com. (2015)

6Aguilar(2002). Fisheries and coastal resources management”, Studies.http://www.portals.iucn.org./elibrary/efiles/documents/EPLP. (2015)

7Farley, Batker, Dela torre and Hudspet (2009), “Conserving mangrove ecosystems in the Philippines : transcending disciplinary and institutionalborders”.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830480

8Moksness, Dahl, Stottrup (2012).”Sustainable utilization of coastal resources”http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830480.// (2015)

9Gupta and Fletcher (2012) in their study entitled “The application of a proposed generic institutional framework for integrated coastal management to India”.http://www.apmforum.com/strategy/ICM-India. (2015)

10P.Christie, (2013), “Economic valuation and policy priorities for sustainable management of coral reef” http://www.depts.washington.education. ELibrary. (2015)

11Dr. Antonio G.M. La Viña (2013). “Re-Thinking PHILIPPINE Environmentalinstitutions:”http.//www.worldfishcenter.org/Pubs/institutional_sea/pub_insea5.

12Larsen, Acebes and Belen, on their study entitled “Philippines Integrated Coastal Management: Diverging Stakeholder Agendas and Elite Co-option in the Babuyan Islands” (2012). http://www.seiinternational.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-WorkingPaper-Larsen./(2015)

39

13Adam.Smith.Economic.development.theory//..https://erikkrantz.wordpress.com/.../theories-of-economic-development/(Archieve 2015)

14Hilton/Taylor/Conservation/Theory//.https://books.google.com.ph/books.com

15Perception.theory/Daryl.Bem//www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/daryl-bem.html

16searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/implementation17www.madisonct.org/PZ/docs/CoastalResourceDefinitions.pdf

18www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coastline

19www.http://bmb.gov.ph/index.phpcomponent/content/article/ICRMP

20 www.dictionary.reference.com/browse/innovative

21www.http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/implementation

Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the research design used by the

researchers. It also included the discussion of the respondents of the

40

study, sources of data, instrumentation, validation of the

questionnaire, data gathering procedures and statistical tools that

were used in the statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This research design made use of descriptive qualitative and

quantitative type of research. In this type of research, the usual

methodology was the survey. This was when the researchers

summarized or described the characteristics of individuals or groups

who are under the study. A structured set of questionnaire was utilized

in determining the Perceptions of the residents of Quintina San Pascual

Masbate towards the Integrated Coastal Resources Management

Project. Moreover, the descriptive method of research was used to its

appropriateness and complementary nature of data that were

gathered.

In this study, the demographic profile of the respondents in terms

of their age, sex, civil status, educational attainment,

occupation, monthly income was determined.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the residents of Quintina San Pascual Masbate.

41

This study utilized the respondents as sources of data to be

gathered. There were 97 coastal residents that were respondents of

this study in Quintina San Pascual Masbate.

The results were all in the data given below (see Table 1).

Table 1RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

Quintina San Pascual Masbate

Population Size Sample Size

Purok 1 25 16Purok 2 27 17Purok 3 46 30Purok 4 52 34TOTAL 150 97

Sources of Data

This study made use of two sources of data. These were the

primary sources and secondary sources. The primary sources of data

were taken from the responses of the respondent who were the

residents of Quintina, San Pascual Masbate. Descriptive questionnaires

were used to gather data. The secondary sources of data were derived

from the existing documents, statistical data and other public records.

Other sources included books, journals, magazines, articles, internet,

questionnaire and interview guide.

42

Research Instrument

A fully revised structured set of research instrument were used

to extract the necessary data from the respondents. Part I was the

survey questionnaire which included the quantitative data on the

demographic profile of the respondents. Part II was concerned with the

activities of integrated coastal resources management project of local

government unit in Quintina San Pascual Masbate. This was composed

of a qualitative type of questions that were given to the respondents.

The part III was concerned itself to the perceptions of the residents of

Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding to the Integrated Coastal

Resources Management Project. The last part, which was the part IV

that concerned with the advantages of integrated coastal resources

management project of local government unit.

Validation of Questionnaire

To determine the validity of the instrument on the questionnaire

a pre-test was conducted in Brgy. Maunon, Ligao City, that was

subjected to the study investigation using survey questionnaire and

interview guide. After the necessary requirements were done, the

questionnaires were retrieved once all of the items in the questionnaire

had been answered. To those respondents who couldn’t answer the

43

questionnaire due to lack of knowledge, were guided to answer the

questions.

Suggestions and comments were given, and then revision was

made with the help of the research adviser. After it had been cleared

and polished the instrument was submitted for finalization.

Distribution and Retrieval of the Questionnaires

Distribution and retrieval of the questionnaires was conducted

among the selected residents of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate who

lived near the coastal area.

Table 2

DISTRIBUTION AND RETRIEVAL OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

Quintina San Pascual Masbate

Number of Distributed Questionnaire

Number of Retrieval Questionnaire

Percentage (%)

Purok 1 16 16 100Purok 2 17 17 100Purok 3 30 30 100Purok 4 34 34 100

TOTAL 97 97 100Data Gathering Procedure

The questionnaires prior to its formal distribution to the

respondents of the study were distributed to the selected residents of

Brgy. Maunon, Ligao City for validation process. Indeed, it was

44

constructed accurately and reliably delivered the necessary data

needed in the study.

The formal data gathering process started right upon the

personal administration of the fully revised questionnaire to each of

the respondents. They were fully oriented as to its content and

sufficient time was given for them to answer the questionnaires. Some

follow – ups were done by the researchers.

After having been assured that all of them answered the

questionnaires, the researchers personally retrieved from them, order

to have 100% retrieval of the distributed questionnaires.

Statistical Tools

The statistical tools that were used in the statistical treatment of

all the data were Sloven’s Formula to minimize the number of

respondents, Frequency Count to organize the data of the number of

respondent’s responses, Percentage Technique to determine the class

frequency of the respondents, and Weighted Mean to know the

perceptions of the residents in Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate

regarding to the Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project

that were used for statistical analysis and interpretation of data, as

they were suitable to be utilized considering the nature of the research

45

variables. The tools were used in the part of interpreting and analyzing

the collected data.

Sloven’s formula. It was a random sampling technique formula

to estimate sampling size. This was used to find the sample size of the

respondents. To use this formula, a margin of error of ten (10%) was

used in this research.1

Formula. Nn=──────1+ N(e)2

Where:

1= constant

n= sample size of the respondents

N= total number of respondents

e= marginal error

Frequency count. This was used in organizing the change of

data which facilitated statistical results for analyzing them. This was a

method by which the number of respondent’s responses was

determined. It was used to interpret the demographic of the

respondents.2

Percentage technique. These were used in dividing each class

of frequency by the total number of items group and multiply by 100.

This was used to all the tabulated responses.3

46

FORMULA:

Where:

N = total number of respondents

P = percentage

F = number of respondents

X100 = constant multiplier

Weighted mean. The weighted mean was similar to an

arithmetic mean (the most common type of average); where instead of

each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some

data points contributed more than others. This was used to find the

extent of the responses of the respondents.4

FORMULA:

Wx= ∑fx

N

Where:

47

Wx = weighted mean value

∑ = summation

f = number of respondent’s responses

x = scale

N = total number of respondents

Notes1Kulkol, S. (1843). Slovene’s Formula Sample Technique: http:

//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Mathematics/Archive/2013/Apr. (Archieve. 2014)

2Ehrlic,R.(1980). The Frequency Distribution: jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/content/50/2/475.full.pdf. (2014)

3Le, S. Using Percentage Technique: http. /// www.statcan.gc.ca. (2014)4Wolfram Math World (1994).The Weighted mean http:

//mathworld.wolfram.com/WeightedMean.html. (2014)

48

Chapter IV

PERCEPTIONS OF THE RESIDENTS OF QUINTINA SAN PASCUAL, MASBATE REGARDING THE INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

This chapter concerned itself with the presentation analysis and

the corresponding interpretation of all the gathered data that were

presented in both tabular and textual forms.

Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Following tables deal with the interpretation and analysis on the

demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil

status, educational attainment, occupation and monthly income.

Table 3

49

AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Age Frequency (f) Percentage

72-77 2 366-71 4 460-65 6 654-59 5 648-53 6 642-47 12 1236-41 13 1330-35 10 1024-29 13 1318-23 26 27

TOTAL 97 100The data in the Table 3 showed the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of age. The data findings showed that the

youngest got the highest frequency score is 26, with age bracket of

(18-23) years old with the percentage of 27. It was deduced that the

respondent who belonged to the age group of (18-23) years old were

matured enough and capable enough to be a conscious on their

environment and to take good care of it. They were already more

aware to their duties and responsibilities to their work, studies and to

their surroundings. It also revealed that two (2) out of 97 respondents

obtained the lowest frequency and it belonged to the (72-77) years old

with the percentage of 3. It can be deduced that out of the findings

those who at the aged bracket (72-77) years old were old enough to

50

know the importance of conserving and preserving the coastal

resources.

This implied that the respondents were already at their legal age

to participate to the programs and activities undertaken by the local

government. It indicated that the respondents were at their most

active age and responsible enough to know the importance of marine

and coastal resources to the community development. They already

know the importance of preserving the coastal and marine life. The

residents already had the capability to take good care of the coastal

resources. This project of the local government unit gave the residents

the opportunity to serve and give their physical capabilities to protect

the environment in order for them to be a good model for the next

generation.

Table 4SEX OF THE RESPONDENTS

Sex Frequency(f)

Percentage(%)

Female 63 65Male 34 35

TOTAL 97 100

The data in the table 4 clearly indicated that most of the

respondents are female and it had a total frequency score of 63 or 65

percent. It shows that female are more active in participating the

51

programs and projects of the local government unit. While the lowest

frequency score were 34 with a percentage of 35 which was earned by

male. Though males got the lowest frequency score, still they was

doing their best to cooperate and participate in project implemented

by the local government unit.

It implied that the females were more active or conscious in the

participation in the preservation of coastal resources. It indicated that

majority are females with regards to cooperation to the government

projects and management regardless of their sex; they had the goal

that they had good attitude towards cooperating and participating

some programs. It only proved that being a dominant in terms of being

aware on what was happening on their environment; it would lead

them to be more responsible and conscious individual in order for it not

to be wasted. Female were the most active in the cooperation and

they’re willing to learn and know more about on how to protect our

environment. Female respondents are more participative than male

respondents in such a way that only few males participated and served

their strength to plant mangroves.

Table 5CIVIL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS

Civil Status Frequency(f)

Percentage(%)

Single 23 24

52

Widow 6 6Married 67 69

Separated 1 1TOTAL 97 100

Table 5 shows that it was the married that got the highest

frequency score of 67 or 69 percent out of 97 respondents. This

indicated that most of the respondents had their own families. While

the lowest frequency score was the separated with a total frequency

score of 1 or 1 percent.

This directly implied that most of the respondents had a family of

their own. In this situation, it implied that, they needed to work hard in

order to sustain their daily needs of their family even with the limited

resources. For having a family or a large family they needed to sustain

their needs and because of that, they had to allocate their resources.

Table 6EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS

Educational Attainment Frequency(f)

Percentage(%)

Elementary level 13 13Elementary graduate 20 21

High school level 21 22High school graduate 35 36

College level 3 3College graduate 5 5

TOTAL 97 100

53

The table 6 shows that out of 97 respondents 35 were high

school graduates they got a highest frequency score of 35 or 36

percent. It meant that the respondents had poor educational

background and attainment in life. While the lowest frequency score

was the college level with a total frequency score of 3 or 3 percent.

This implied that their lack of education can be seen in their

livelihood. Thus, with low educational attainment, they found it hard to

look for gainful employment to support their growing family. Some

people took advantage on the free and available coastal resources

because of lack of job opportunities, poverty, ignorance of law and lack

of discipline.

Table 7OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Occupation Frequency(f)

Percentage(%)

Housewife/housekeeper 50 52Farmer 12 12Fisherman 20 21Teacher 2 2Government employee 6 6Construction worker 5 5Entrepreneur 2 2

Total 97 100

The data in table 7 shows that most of the respondents were

housekeeper. It had a total frequency score of 50 or 52 percent. It

indicated that most of the respondents are housewives because of

54

their lack of educational attainment and they’re afraid to take a risk to

find a stable job. While the lowest frequency were the teachers and

entrepreneur with a total frequency score of 2 or 2 percent.

It implied in the previous table that because of lack of

educational attainment, most of the respondents were housewives. It

implied in table 7 that most of the respondents were housewife

because the men work hard in order to sustain the basic needs of their

family and the women were left at home to take good care of their

children. Most the respondents are housewife because they were busy

on their obligation as a mother they are busy on taking good care of

their children that’s why they don’t have enough time to find a stable

job that gave them a good income.

Table 8MONTHLY INCOME OF THE RESPONDENTS

Monthly Income Frequency (f) Percentage (%)

Php. 6001-above 8 8

Php. 5501-6000 2 2Php .5001-5500 4 4Php. 4501-5000 13 13Php. 4001-4500 2 2Php. 3501-4000 5 6Php. 3001-3500 11 11Php. 2501-3000 19 20

55

Php. 2001-2500 11 11Php. 1501-2000 10 10

Php. 1000-1500 12 13Total 97 100

The data in table 8 shows that the respondents had a very low

monthly income, with the rate of Php.2501-3000 pesos a month. It had

a total frequency score of 19 or 20 percent. While the lowest frequency

score were with the rate of Php.5501-6000 and Php.4001-4500, which

both earned a total score of 2 or 2 percent.

It implied that majority of the respondents had a very low income

that’s because they don’t have a good source of living as shown in

table 7. It deduced from the data that most of the respondents had a

very low income because some of them had no stable jobs; they’re

depending on the income of their husband.

Perceptions of the residents of Quintina San pascual Masbate regarding the integrated coastal resources management project of the local government unit

Table 9MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE OF THE INTEGRATED COASTAL

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

Management procedureYES NO TOTAL

f % f % f %1. Does barangay official monitor these

activities in your community?96 99 1 1 97 100

56

2. Do the DENR and other concerned agencies/ sectors and stock holders give financial support and guidance to these activities?

96 99 1 1 97 100

3. Is there a proper coordination between the local government unit and the residents of your community?

97 100 0 0 97 100

4. Does this project add more roles and responsibility to the management of local government unit?

92 95 5 5 97 100

5. Does the residents properly informed by the local government unit in maintaining the proper allocation and conservation of coastal resources?

89 92 8 8 97 100

Mean Frequency 94 97 3 3 97 100

The data in the Table 9 shows the perceptions of the residents of

Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding the integrated coastal

resources management project of local government unit on

management procedure. The data finding showed on the affirmative

response frequency of with the highest 97 or 100 percent for “is there

a proper coordination between the local government unit and the

residents of your community?” The lowest frequency was 89 or 92

percent for “Does the residents properly informed by the local

government unit in maintaining the proper allocation and conservation

of coastal resources?”. Whereas on the negative responses the highest

frequency was 8 or 8% for “Does the residents properly informed by

the local government unit in maintaining the proper allocation and

conservation of coastal resources?” And the lowest frequency was 1 or

1 percent for indicators one (1) and two (2). For the over-all evaluation

of indicators one (1) to five (5) the mean frequency for the affirmative

57

responses of the residents was 94 or 97 percent and the negative

responses had a frequency of 3 or 3 percent.

Majority of the residents responded positively, this implied that

the government agency, the local government unit, barangay officials

and the residents were working together to make the integrated

coastal resources management project in the area of success

Table 10DEVELOPMENT TO THE COMMUNITY BROUGHT BY THE

INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

Development to the communityYES NO TOTAL

f % F % f %

1. Does the integrated coastal resources management project manifest signs of being sustainable to your community?

90 93 7 7 97 100

2. Does integrated coastal resources management project enhance human skills and enforcement mechanism?

95 98 2 2 97 100

3. Does integrated coastal resources management project provides alternatives means of livelihood to the residents of your community?

89 92 8 8 97 100

4. Does it give a sense of assurance in preventing the degradation of coastal resources?

90 93 7 7 97 100

5. Does it aid in promoting the aesthetic essence of your community and greener environment?

91 94 6 6 97 100

Mean Frequency 91 94 6 6 97 100

The data in the Table 10 showed the perceptions of the residents

of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding the integrated coastal

resources management project of local government unit on

58

development to the community. On the positive side, the highest

frequency was 95 or 98 percent for the indicator number two (2) “Does

integrated coastal resources management project enhanced human

skills and enforcement mechanism?” And the lowest frequency was 89

or 92 percent for the indicator number three (3). “Does integrated

coastal resources management project provides alternatives means of

livelihood to the residents of your community?”.Whereas for the

negative answers, the lowest frequency was 8 or 8 percent for

indicator number three (3) and the lowest frequency was 2 or 2

percent for indicator number two (2). The mean frequency for positive

responses was 91 or 94 percent and for negative responses were 6 or

6 percent.

From these data findings, it could be deduced that majority of

the respondents affirmed to the integrated coastal resources

management project of the local government. They were hopeful that

to enhance human skills that generated jobs to uplift the standard of

living of the people.

Table 11

ACTIVITIES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

What are the activities of integrated coastal resources management project of local government unit?

59

Respondents

Responses

1 Mangrove reforestation, pagbabawal ng paggamit ng dinamita, atbp.

2 Pagtatanim ng mga bakawan.

3 Mangroves widening, paglilinis ng baybayin buwan-buwan, pagbabawal ng paggamit ng dinamita.

4 Pagtatanim ng bakawan, paglilinis ng baybayin.5 Pagbabawal ng paggamit ng dinamita.

In question number one (1) majority of the total respondents said

that, planting mangroves was the activity that the local government

units implemented through integrated coastal resources management

project. So, by mangroves reforestation, it protected the residence and

could be a sanctuary of the fishes.

This implied that having these activities really helped the

community and the residents to have a healthful and cleaner

environment to avoid the risk of environmental degradation. From

these data findings, it could be deduced that most of the residents

were aware on the activities of integrated coastal resources

management, such as they were cooperating on these activities.

Table 12THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVITIES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

60

Why is it important for these activities to be undertaken in your barangay?

Respondents Responces

1 Bilang panangga sa malalakas na alon.

2 Tabang kadi lalo na sa mga para isda.

3 For regeneration of fishing resources.

4 Para turuan ang mga tao na alagaan ang karagatan lalo na ang coastal resources.

5 Para maprotekhan ang mga isda at ang mga tao.

In question number two (2) majority of the total respondents said

that the activities was importance to be under taken because it was

significant to the coastal communities in a way that it teach the people

on how to give important to the coastal resources and to protect the

residents from natural hazards.

This implied that these activities were so important to be under

taken in order to protect the environment and to preserve the coastal

resources. It was significant also to the residents to be aware and to

have a care on the resources that surrounded them. This also

safeguards the coastal resources of the area, thus contributing to the

population and the environment.

Table 13THE COOPERATION OF THE RESIDENTS TO THE ACTIVITIES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF

LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

Are you cooperating with these activities? If yes, what is your participation in the activities of integrated coastal resources management project?

61

Respondents Responses

1 Yes, kasi isa ako sa mga opisyal nag nagmomonitor ng activities na ito.

2 Yes, palagi po akong umaattend ng assembly at isa po.ako sa mga nagtatanim ng mangroves.

3 Tagatanim ng bakawan.

4 Palagi po akong umaattend ng metting at tagahuli ng mga lumalabag sa anti-dynamite fishing.

5 Yes, kasi I work at the BFAR, and kami yong nagmomonitor ng mga activities na ito at we teach and lead the people.

In question number three (3) majority of the total respondents

said that, they were cooperative with these activities through

attending every meeting conducted by the local government unit and

do their individual responsibility like monitoring the activities and

planting mangroves.

This implied that cooperation between the government and the

residents was a key factor and of great help in order to continue the

improvement of the community and to the sustainable development of

the coastal resources as well as the quality of life of the people. It also

likely to be regarded as a major source of livelihood for the coastal

population: they were important source of fooder for animals in

villages closer to the coast; they still needed some education to

understand the link within the ecosystem. Thus making the

environment and economy interdependent. For that reason, the way in

which the economy was managed has an impact on the environment

which in turn, affects both welfare and performance of the economy.

62

Coastal resources are important components of natural resources and

they are also the important material fortunes of national economy and

society development. However, a series of problems emerged from

exploiting and utilizing coastal resources forced people to scan their

own management and utilization styles in a new way.

Table 14THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE

ACTIVITIES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

How the activities improve the environment in your barangay?

Respondents Responses

1 Mas naging malinis at nagging maaliwalas na kasi may coastal clean-up every end of the month.

2 Malalaki na ang mga bakawan kung saan nagbibigay ito ng proteksyon mula sa storm surge.

3 Yong mga bakawan ay naging bahayan ng mga isda.

4 Naimprove yong kapaligiran sa barangay naming sa pamamagitan ng pagiging kooperasyon ng bawat isa sa amin.

5 Itong aktibidad na ito ay nakaimprove ng kapaligiran ng barangay.

In question number four (4) majority of the total respondents

stated that, these activities helped to improve the environment of their

barangay by making the ambiance of the barangay in a good

63

conditions in which it made the surroundings clean and greener

because of reforestation of mangroves.

This implied that these activities make the residents to be

responsible enough on their action for them to take good care of the

given resources. Negligible value was attached to these resources. We

should not forget that the resources being limited, the land’s economic

value depend mostly on the ecology as well as the economic activities

and socio cultural aspects. Awareness of the local community helped in

bringing more importance to the ecology and respect to the

ecosystem.

Table 15THE PROGRESS OF THE COMMUNITY BY THE HELP OF THE

ACTIVITIES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

How do the activities help in the progress of your community?Respondents Responses

1 Regeneration of aquatic/fishery resources and livelihood generator.

2 Sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng livelihood sa mga mamamayan.

3 Nakakadagdag po ito sa kita ng mga tao4 Naging cooperative na so mga tawo sa lahat ng mga proyekto at

activities kan Barangay5 Nakapagbigay ang mga activities na ito sa maaliwalas at malinis

na kapaligiran.In question number five (5) majority of the total respondents

stated that, these activities helped the community in the way that it

give a greater contribution to the development or improvement of the

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environment of their barangay in which these activities promote a

cleaner and greener surroundings.

This implied that these activities improve the state of the

environment into a good and cleaner one that led to the so called

development. It also encouraged them to cooperate more and to

protect the coastal resources for the economic development and for

their own sake. Their knowledge played an important role. Thus, it

showed that it was important that locals participated in key decision

and at its earliest stage. It was a result in the development of coastal

resources that was sustainable, allowing these resources to continue

providing environmental service to support livelihood, eco-tourism,

industrial and other socio-economic activities. Coastal resources are

important components of natural resources and they are also the

important material fortunes of national economy and society

development. However, a series of problems emerged from exploiting

and utilizing coastal resources forced people to scan their own

management and utilization styles in a new way.

The advantages of the integrated coastal resources management project to the residents of Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate.

Table 16THE ADVANTAGES OF COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

PROJECT TO THE RESIDENTS

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What are the advantages of integrated coastal resources management project to the residents of Quintina San Pascual Masbate?

Respondents Responses1 It gives a source of living to them through planting mangroves.

It help them to protect the coastal resources2 Nakadagdag ito sa income ng pamilya namu ta pigabayaran

kami kada tanum ning mangroves3 Livelihood development, environment protection, etc.4 It protect the environment specially the coastal resources.5 Environmental conservation and preservation off coastal

resources.In question number six (6) majority of the total respondents

stated that, most of the advantages given by the integrated coastal

resources management project of local government unit were

conservation of coastal resources and protection and reforestation of

mangrove.

It implied that from the given advantages, the integrated coastal

resources management project of local government unit focused on

the reforestation of mangroves and others. These advantages were

clearly seen by the residents wherein they work hard in order to

maintain these advantages.

Table 17THE IMPROVEMENT TO THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE

RESIDENTS BROUGHT BY THE ICRMP

How do these advantages improve your standard of living?

Respondents Responses1 It improved our standard of living because it gives more a

source of income so it gives us the capability to buy our necessity needs.

2 It augmented our income or our economic standard of living.

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3 Because, for example when our environment is well protected and the resources are abundant and we can get a lot from it.

4 It increases the level of our understanding towards the proper allocation of the coastal resources.

5 Hindi na kami mahihirapan maghanap ng mapagkukunan ng hanapbuhay.

In question number seven (7) majority of the total respondents

stated that, the advantages given by this project made their standard

of living to improve into a productive one, wherein it added as a source

of living and add their knowledge on how to properly allocate the

resources.

This implied that these advantages augmented the source of income of

the residents in such a way that it made them buy or satisfy their basic

needs. It was the right answer to this challenge in order to address the

problem by uplifting the living condition of the coastal communities as

primary beneficiaries, being aware of the depletion and deterioration of

coastal and upland resources. Which define the rights and roles that

provided the management framework for the implementation of

different types of locally based resources management systems in

marine and coastal areas. Judged by the huge strides that people of

Quintina, San Pascual, Masbate have made in overcoming poverty and

want, it is only a slight exaggeration to say that little of economic

consequence happened before the last three centuries. Economic

development occurs which was a process of change that takes place in

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country overtime, affecting its capacity to improve its standard of

living. A measure of standard of living is the amount of output that the

economy produces overtime, and often this translates into improved

incomes for the citizens. Such changes that take place profoundly

affect many aspects of a country’s economic life; they raised health

standards, the quality of life of the people.

Table 18THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ICRMP TO THE COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT

Do you think it can contribute to the development of your community, in what way?

Respondents Responses

1 Amu, kasi once naimprove na yong standard of living ng every family so in return the community well be develop also especially if the coastal resources is well protected.

2 Yes kasi kapag may trabaho na ang lahat ng residente maiiwasan o mababawasan ang kahirpan at malaki ang impact nito sa community.

3 Yes sa pamamagitan ng mga actividad at mga program tulad ng pagtatanim ng mga bakawan kung saan malaki ang kontribusyon nito upang mapaganda ang aming barangay.

4 Yes, kasi kapag may hanapbuhay na ang bawat isa sa amin. Mababawasan na o mawawala na ang mga gumagawa ng krimen.

5 Oo, kasi pag may panangga nang mangroves ang barangay namin, mapoprotektahan kami mula sa storm surge or tidal wave.

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In question number eight (8) majority of the total respondents

stated that, these advantages really contribute to the development of

their community in such a way that they had extra income to improved

and sustain their way of living in the community. Decisions were made

for the sustainable use, development, socio-economic improvement

perpetuation of the biodiversity, conservation.

It implied that, these advantages helped the residents as well the

community, on the conservation and sustainable use of coastal and

ocean resources and space. Protection of coastal resources and

security from natural hazards. It provided information and programs in

order to protect, conservation, management and sustainable

development of our marine and coastal resources. It shows, in

ecosystem protection, proportion of social equity and the quality of life

of the people.

Furthermore, they provided for the greater participation of

fishermen, other stakeholders, and the community in general in coastal

resources management.

The economic potentials of this natural wealth remain

underutilized because of poor resource management. The need to face

the great challenge is a real and genuine response towards proper

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resource management and sustainable development through good

governance. Many Local Officials had responded to this challenge, but

there is a need to mobilize. Capacitating them for entrepreneurship-

based economic development must therefore start with barangay

officials having the political will, commitment, and economic sense in

fulfilling the mandate of spending more on economic development.

Table 19THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION TO THE HEALTH OF THE

RESIDENTS

Does this project protect and promote the right to health of the residents of Quintina as well as their right to a healthful and balanced ecology?

Respondents Responses1 Yes2 Oo3 Yes4 Oo5 Amu

In question number nine (9) majority of the total respondents

stated that, these projects were made to protect and promote the right

to health of the residents of Quintina as well as their right to healthful

and balance ecology. Most of them answered yes to the given

question.

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It implied that majority of the respondents positively agreed if

the project really protected and promoted the right to health of the

residents of Quintina as well as their right to a healthful and balanced

ecology. Thus, it was the philosophy and policy of managing the

environment to assure adequate supplies of natural resources for

future as well as present generations. This implied that these projects

really promoted and protected the environment and the residents from

the natural disaster. It was expected that the result in the development

of coastal resources that was sustainable, allowing these resources to

continue providing environmental service, and health service.

Table 20MAINTAINING THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE HEALTH OF THE

RESIDENTS

If yes, do this protection and the right to health of the residents of Quintina have been maintained?

Indicators ResponsesR1 Yes, kasi nagkaconduct ng monthly coastal clean-up, sa

pamamagitan nito napapanatili ang kalainisan sa kapaligiran at maiiwasan ang may magkasakit.

R2 Yes, kasi dahil sa kalinisan hindi na madalas magkasakit ang mga tao lalo na mga bata.

R3 No, kasi para sa akin, minsan hindi lang naman kalinisan ng kapaligiran ang kailangan kundi ang supporta ng government tulad

ng libreng gamut.R4 Oo, kasi ginagawa lahat ng LGU na tugunan ang pangangailangan

na pangkalusuganng mga mamamayan.R5 No, kasi yong iba kinakapos parin sa mga pangangailangan lalo na

yong malaki ang myembro ng pamilya.

In question number ten (10) majority of the total respondents

stated that, this protections and the right to health of the residents of

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Quintina had been maintained through the cleanliness of the coastal

area and letting the residents to be responsible enough on their action.

There were also respondents who didn’t experience the so called

protection and their right to health. They said that it’s not just about

having a clean environment but most important for them was the

support of the government like giving free medicines. It is rational to

decisions to the government to maintain and to promote the health of

the residents concerning the conservation and sustainable use of the

environment.

This implied that having different perceptions when it came to

the protection and their right to health, still most of the residents

thought and believed that through this project healthful environment

and their health was protected. In the way, the economy was will

managed and had an impact on the environment which in turn,

affected both welfare and health of the people. Ecosystems were

interconnected; what happens in one ultimately affected the other.

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Chapter V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presented the summary of the study, its findings

derived from the data gathered; the resulting conclusions arrived from

its findings and the suggested recommendations by the researcher.

Summary

The study was concerned with the Perceptions of the residents of

quintina, San Pascual, Masbate regarding integrated coastal resources

management project of local government unit.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Sex;

c. Civil status;

d. Educational attainment;

e. Occupation, and

f. Monthly income?

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2. What were the activities under the Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project of Local Government Unit in Quintina, San

Pascual, Masbate?

3. What were the perceptions of the residents in Quintina, San Pascual,

Masbate regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources Management

Project of Local Government Unit in terms of:

a. management procedure

b. development of the community

4. What were the advantages of the Integrated Coastal Resources

Management Project to the residents of Quintina, San Pasccual,

Masbate?

The study had utilized descriptive method, as it was found out to

be complementary to the nature of the data researched. A structured

set of questionnaire had been utilized as sole researcher instrument. In

the statistical tools; Sloven’s formula, frequency count, percentage

technique, and arithmetic mean were utilized.

The respondents of the study were the residents of Quintina, San

Pascual, Masbate that lived near at the coastal area. In gathering the

data the researchers distributed questionnaires and conducted of

interview with the residents of Quintina to determine their Perceptions

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regarding the Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project of

local government unit. The study had been considered significant to

the employers, student, and researchers.

Findings

The following were the vital findings of the study.

1. Regarding the demographic profile of the respondents.

a. Age. The 18-23 years old age bracket was earned by the

highest frequency of 26 and a percentage of 27: and the lowest

frequency was obtained by 72-77 years old and above with a score of 2

and a percentage of 3.

b. Sex. The highest frequency score of 63 and a percentage of 65

were obtained by the females and the lowest frequency score of 34

and a percentage of 35 got by males.

c. Civil Status. Married status got the highest frequency of 67

and a percentage of 69. Separated persons got the lowest frequency of

1 and a percentage of 1.

d. Educational attainment. High school graduates got the highest

frequency of 35 and a percentage of 36. College level got the lowest

frequency of 3 and a percentage of 3.

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e. Occupation. Being a housewife/housekeeper got the highest

frequency of 50 and a percentage of 51: Teacher and being an

entrepreneur got the lowest frequency of 2 and a percentage 2.

f. Monthly income. 2501-3000 got the highest frequency of 19

and a percentage of 20: 5501-6000 and 4001-4500 got the lowest

frequency of 2 and a percentage of 2.

2. Based from the perceptions of the residents of Quintina, San

pascual, Masbate regarding the integrated coastal resources

management project of local government unit, in terms of;

a. The management procedure

It revealed that the respondents were much aware and agrees on

the project implemented by the local government unit. They positively

affirmed on the questions. It revealed their positive perceptions with a

mean frequency of 94 or 97% for “YES” and 3 or 3% for “NO”. It

implied that the respondents and government agency concerned, the

local government unit, the barangay officials were working together for

the success of the project in the area.

b. Development to the community

Regarding to the development to the community brought about

by the integrated coastal resources management project of local

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government unit, it revealed that the residents agreed to the

development to the community with a mean frequency for yes was 91

or 94% and for the “NO” was 6 or 6%. This implied that they were very

hopeful that this project enhanced human skills that generated jobs to

uplift the standard of living. This was also safeguarded the coastal

resources of the area, thus contributing to the protection of the

environment.

Conclusions

Based from the significant findings of the study the following

conclusions were drawn:

1. The demographic profiles of the respondents were varied.

2. The respondents were aware and positively agreed to the

integrated coastal resources management project, therefore,

they were knowledgeable of the benefits in the implementation

of it.

3. The implementation of integrated coastal resources

management

project was a big helped to the residents in terms of protection

to the environment and coastal resources.

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4. The implementation of integrated coastal resources

management project had a lot of advantages that helped the

residents and the community to improve their way of living.

Recommendations

Based from the findings and conclusions of the study. The

following recommendations were presented for consideration.

1. The government may provide a program pertaining on how they

can allocate and protect the environment.

2. The residents may be proactive on the program and project of the

government rather than reactive.

3. The local government may sustain environmental consciousness,

programs and projects for the residents to become more

productive individuals.

4. The local government may be firmed and strict on implementing

rules and regulation when it comes to environment protection.

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