research & reviews journal of ecology (vol3, issue2)
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Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology
Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology
(ISSN: 2278-2230)
?Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems
?Population Ecology, Meta Population Ecology, Community Ecology
?Food Webs, Biome, Relation to Evolution, Social Ecology and Coevolution
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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 3 Issue (2)] of Research &
Reviews: A Journal of Ecology. The intension of RRJE is to create an atmosphere that stimulates
creativeness, research and growth in the area of Ecology.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJE provides an outlet for Research findings and
reviews in areas of Research & Reviews:A Journal of Ecology found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Ecology.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM Journals
STM JOURNALS
1. Analysis of Plants uses in Kalsa Watershed, Western Himalayan Ecoregion, India N. K. Sharma 1
2. Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of BOD Level of Distillery Effluent – A Short CommunicationS. Sujatha Rajasekar, M. Sethu, P. Lalithambigai, P. Gomathi Priya 10
3. Population Growth and Environmental Degradation in IndiaA. Debata, Mita Debata, D. Panda 14
4. BIS Index Numbers for the Turbulence in the Environment & Ecology: Prediction of the Future of the Earth, Galaxies and Universe due to Intense Biological Processes of Infinite C* CharacterTuhin Datta, Ritu, Madan Mohan Bajaj 23
5. Beyond Aesthetics: The Larger Role of Urban Forests in Our Lives: A ReviewNiyati Naudiyal 28
ContentsResearch & Reviews : Journal of Ecology
RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online)
Volume 3, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Analysis of Plants uses in Kalsa Watershed,
Western Himalayan Ecoregion, India
N. K. Sharma* Jharkhand Space Applications Centre, Second Floor, Engineer’s Hostel-1, Dhurwa,
Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Abstract The study was carried out to analyze the different use of plants in the forest areas of Kalsa watershed. Sampling was carried out in different forest types to record the diversity
of plant species. A total of 48 trees, 43 shrubs and 83 herbs species of 72 families were
recorded in different forest types. These species were evaluated for different uses based on the literature survey, interview conducted with local persons using the plants in their
daily life for different purposes and traditional healers. All the plant species were
categorized for different uses viz., medicinal, food, fiber, timber, fodder, fuel, oil, spices, gum and miscellaneous uses. Fifty eight species of 38 families were recorded for different
medicinal uses, of which 45% were herbs. Computation of total plant value exhibited the highest value for degraded forest followed by temperate broadleaf forest, pine forest and
temperate conifer forest. The results may be used by natural resources managers for
decision making, planning and prioritization of areas for conservation.
Keywords: Medicinal plant, Timber, Fodder, Fiber, Plant use
RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online)
Volume 3, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Effect of Artemia on the Reduction of BOD Level of
Distillery Effluent – A Short Communication
S. Sujatha Rajasekar 1
, M. Sethu1, P. Lalithambigai
2, P. Gomathi Priya
1*
1Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
2Presidency College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract Environmental pollution is one of the most important problems in this century and it’s mainly due to the increased industrialization. Industrial wastewater contains heavy
pollutant and it should be treated before it is discharged into the environment. However,
nowadays industries were not carrying out the treatment process properly due to the heavy cost of the treatment process. Nowadays, improperly treated effluent is rich in high
BOD level and it causes the aquatic pollution and it is also responsible for the
eutrophication problem. The present study evaluates the feasibility of using Artemia as a bio accumulator in reducing the BOD level of the distillery effluent. Biological organisms
such as nauplii have been used as bio accumulators to reduce the BOD of the effluent. BOD was reduced from 60454.32 to 10074.08 mg/l using Artemia nauplii. Artemia
nauplii (72 h) was capable of reducing the BOD in the distillery effluent to 75.5%.
Keywords: Artemia, BOD removal, Distillery treatment, Biological treatment
RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online)
Volume 3, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Population Growth and Environmental
Degradation in India
A. Debata1*, Mita Debata
2, D. Panda
3
1DRIEMS Group of Institutes, Cuttack, Odisha, India
2Indira Gandhi Women’s College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
3Department of Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Abstract The review deals with understanding of relationship between population and environment
when population is increased with several issues including poverty, urbanization, etc.
Several studies deal with analysis of evolution happening for over recent fifty years. The study also confirms that the population growth of country is dependent on limited natural
resource of that country. Survival is the major factor which depletes available natural resources. Due to increasing population, degradation of land happens. Increase in
population size always related to increased production of energy and its consumption in
India. When consumption of natural resources is more, it results in environmental issues including contamination of ground water as well as surface water, air and water
pollution, increasing global warming, etc. The review also deals with reflections of certain policies, several efforts in controlling environmental issues including pollution.
Keywords: Population Growth, Consumption, Degradation, Pollution, Urbanization
RRJE (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online)
Volume 3, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
BIS Index Numbers for the Turbulence in the
Environment & Ecology: Prediction of the Future of the
Earth, Galaxies and Universe due to Intense Biological
Processes of Infinite C* Character
Tuhin Datta1, Ritu
2, Madan Mohan Bajaj
3
1Department of Physics, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, University Enclave, Delhi, India
2Department of Mathematics, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodi Road, Lodi Colony, New
Delhi, India 3Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Abstract BIS is the so called breakdown of integrated system. Due to this breakdown BIS effect gets created and causes turbulence in the environment and ecological system. This causes
natural occurrences like earthquakes, sea storms, hurricanes, tsunami, bird flu and
internal changes like changes in genomic pattern. The mathematics of slaughtering living creatures is extremely complex, unpredictable and incomprehensible. However, finding
BIS index numbers can help us in estimating the future of the earth, galaxies and universe. BIS index numbers are space time-dependent. In the present paper, our basic
goal is to discuss these mathematical steps through which the universe along with the
earth and other galaxies move towards debris.
Keywords BIS effect, BIS index number, K- theory, C* algebras
RRJE (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 (online)
Volume 3, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Beyond Aesthetics: The Larger Role of Urban Forests
in Our Lives: A Review
Niyati Naudiyal* Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi- 110070, India
Abstract The aesthetically pleasing parks, gardens and city forests in an urban ecosystem provide
the much needed hint of nature and natural beauty. Standing amidst the ever-expanding
concrete structures, urban greenery is often overlooked in the planning and management of cities. The rampant expansions of urban areas especially in the developing countries is
not only taking a toll on the quality of the life of the urban population but also has a
tremendous ill effect on the flora of the region. Most of the damage to the urban forests stems from the fact that they are only perceived as a source of aesthetic beauty and
therefore are not given due importance. Hence whenever it comes to choosing between a high profit infrastructural development and conservation of nature, the former seems to
win. It is the need of the hour to look beyond just aesthetics and understand the various
ecosystem services that the urban forests provide. The review highlights few of those positive influences like climate regulation, air quality enhancement, biodiversity
conservation and provision of ecosystem goods/products. There are a multitude of services which are provided by urban forests and they should be studied in detail, for
them to be incorporated in planning and management of cities.
Keywords: Urban forest, Urbanization, Cities, Ecosystem services, Climate