research opportunities: swop · 1. swop data: atal, satellite validation, ttl structure,...
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Research Opportunities: SWOP
—— Sounding Water vapor, Ozone, and Particle
during the Asian summer monsoon (2009 ~ 2016 ~ ……)
Jianchun Bian (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Contributions from: Z. Bai, J. Zhang, Y. Xuan, H. Chen, D. Li, Q. Li, Y. Duan (IAP/CAS);
H. Vömel, L. L. Pan (NCAR); F. Weinhold (ETH);
D. Hurst, R.-S. Gao, S. Liu, E. Hall, A. Jordan, S. Oltmans (ESRL/NOAA)
2009
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ASM is a pollutant pathway to stratosphere!
Park et al, JGR, 2009
TTL: Gate to the stratosphere. It’s clean.
ASM: Another gate? But it’s a gate for pollutants!
Randel et al. Science 2010
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Satellite data and models often do not provide sufficiently
resolved details for describing the transport process.
Satellite product lacks of validation over the ASM region. In
situ measurements inside the anticyclone are scarce.
We are planning to conduct coincident in situ measurements
of water vapor, ozone and particle (cirrus and aerosol) in the
UTLS within the ASM anticyclone.
These observations will be significant for quantifying the
moisture and pollutant transport associated with the ASM,
for identifying the transport pathway, and for understanding
microphysical and chemical process in the UTLS. ——
Scientific goals
Scientific Motivation
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LS
KM
2010 Aug 22-2812 CFH/ECC3 Cobald
2013 Aug 3-2622 CFH/ECC18 Cobald
2016 Jul 25-Aug 228 CFH/Cobald6 CFH/POPS
Sounding Locations
2009, Aug 7-1311 CFH/ECC
2011, Sep 12-154 CFH/ECC
2012, Aug 11-Sep 618 CFH/FPH38 ECC , 12 Cobald
2014, Aug 13-2210 CFH/ECC/Cobald
2015, Aug 3-1812 CFH/ECC/Cobald
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Balloon-borne sondes
Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector (ETH) - particle
NOAA Frost Point Hygrometer (NOAA GMD) – H2O
Cryogenic Frost Point Hygrometer (Vömel-DMT) – H2O
Electrochemical Concentration Cell ozonesonde (DMT) – O3
Radiosonde: P, T, U, winds (u,v) (InterMet)
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CFH measures H2O with high accuracy.,
which is used to understand the
microphysics combined with COBALD
measurements.
Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer
(CFH)
Principle
schematic
Super-
saturation
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COBALD
Principle schematic455 nm
870 nm
1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20BSR_blue
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Altitude (
km
)
KM039
0 40 80 120 16012
13
14
15
16
17
181 10 100 1000
-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45
KM
21_
dsc
COBALD detects cloud and
aerosol particles by emitting light
at two wavelengths (455nm,
870/940nm), and receiving the
back-scattered signal.
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ECC Ozonesonde
Deep convection signals can be found in ozone profiles.
30 60 90 120 150Ozone mixing ratio (ppbv)
9
12
15
18
Altitud
e (
km
)
2009080814
2009081014
2009081019
2009081114
2009081119
2009081314
2009081319
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POPS – a newcomer in 2015 & 2016
Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS): a lightweight,
low-cost detector -- Ru-shan Gao (NOAA)
Measure profiles of aerosol size spectrum
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Sounding information
Period: 2009-2016 (11+12+4+38+22+10+12+14 = 123)
Totally, we have
• ozone: ECC (123)
• water vapor: CFH/FPH (103)
• cloud and aerosol: COBALD (63)
• aerosol size distribution: POPS (9)
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Junge layer
ATAL
Vernier et al. JGR 2015
CALIOP
COBALD
1. COBALD data confirms the ATAL finding from CALIOP
Obs. highlights – ATAL issues
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1. Enhance 14-
19km
2. Extend 2km
above CPT
3. Interstitial
aerosol
2. POPSs see size distribution profile in the ATAL
Ci.
Obs. highlights – ATAL issues
Detect by
COBALD
Yu et al. PNAS AcceptedRu-Shan Gao, talk
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H2O rel. diff. (MLS CFH)
<5% above 68mb
+7% @83mb
7% @100mb
larger bias & dev.
Similar plot Can be found in
Yan et al. AMTD, 2016
316
261
215
178
147
121
100
83
68
56
46
38
Obs. highlights – MLS Validation
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O3 rel. diff. (MLS ECC)
Yan et al. AMTD, 2016
bias abrupt jump
Obs. highlights – MLS Validation
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1. TTL boundaries: bottom top
RESULTS -- Statistics
KMH: 17.300.43
T: 193.71.7
Θ: 384.2 8.4
LHH: 17.540.53 +0.24km
T: 195.2 1.7 +1.5K
Θ: 390.4 10.3 + 6K
TC4
H: 16.6 0.7 km
Θ: 375.1 13 K
Pan et al. JGR, 2014
Level of minimum stability
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2. Interannual variation
of H2O in the UTLS
Decoupled with lower levels
Interannual variation tuned by T?
RESULTS -- Statistics
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ATAL
3. RHi, super-saturation, cirrus
Supersaturation fraction
Cirrus fraction
2-layer
RESULTS -- Statistics
KM
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For Lhasa
KM
LH
Supersaturation fraction Cirrus fraction
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1 10 100 1000Backscatter Ratio; Color Index
4
8
12
16
20
GP
S A
ltitude (
km
)
2010-05-27 0 50 100 150RHi (%)
4
8
12
16
20
-80 -60 -40 -20 0Temperature (deg)
870 nm
455 nm
CI
Tair
TfrostRHi
CPT
Case 1:
A deep layer of
supersaturated
air & cloud –
thickness 10km
Some cases
2010-08-27, Lhasa
Cloud
layer
aerosol
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2020
Kunming,
20 Aug’12
Supersaturation @
light cirrus;
Low RHi @ dense
cirrus,
Extra H2O taken
by dense cirrus.
Case 2:
Anti-correlation
between cirrus layer
and supersaturation
Some cases
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2121
0 2 4 6 8 10Water vapor mixing ratio (ppmv)
14
16
18
20
22
Altitude (
km
)
1 2 3 4BSR
0 20 40 60 80 100RHi (%)
H2O mixing ratioRHiBSR_RedBSR_Blue
Case 3:
Aerosol-cirrus
oupling:
Hygroscopic swollen,
or evaporation?
Some cases
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Case 4:
• Typhoon transport
• Stratospheric intrusion
Some cases
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International collaboration:
Match sounding in 2016 summer
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Summary
1. SWOP data: ATAL, satellite validation, TTL
structure, supersaturation-cirrus, cirrus-aerosol
coupling, dynamical transport, …; Trend and case
study
2. SWOP collaboration: match sounding campaign
(StratoClim); balloon-borne sensors (COBALD,
POPS, …)
Jianchun Bian (IAP/CAS): [email protected]
Thanks for your attention!