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-
BRAC's Contribution to
Gross Domestic Product of Bangladesh
Debdulal Mallick Economist
Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC
August 2000
Research Monograph Series No. 17 Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Fax: 880-2-8823542, 8823614. E-mail: [email protected] Phones: 9881265, 8824180, 8824051 (PABX)
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1
ABSTRACT
This paper estimates the contribution of BRAC programmes to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Bangladesh. BRAC's contribution to GDP of Bangladesh has been divided into four components. These are 1) Value added in BRAC as an organization in a given year, 2) Incremental value added in linked sectors due to input supply to BRAC in a given year, 3) Incremental value added in linked sectors attributed to loans disbursed by BRAC in a given year, and 4) Incremental value added in linked sectors attributed to non-financial development inputs (skill training, non-formal primary education, and health services) in a given year. BRAC contributed Tk. 8,215.3 million, Tk. 10,479.1 million, Tk. 13,558 million and Tk. 17,770.3 million to GDP of Bangladesh in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively. In 1995 BRAC's share to GDP was 0.7%, which increased to 1.15% in 1998. This shows that output of BRAC increased faster than GDP of Bangladesh. During the period output of BRAC increased, on average, at 29.1% annually. But estimating the contribution of education intervention was not possible due to lack of information on the sectoral wage differential of the BRAC graduates and those without any education. Therefore, the total output of BRAC is not fully captured in the present study.
INTRODUCTION BRAC works for poverty alleviation and empowerment of the poor with special emphasis on women. BRAC views poverty in a holistic sense and regards it as a complex syndrome that requires extensive and innovative efforts to overcome. It tries to attain its objective through three major programmes, viz., Rural Development Programme (RDP), Health, Nutrition and Population Programme (HNPP) and Non-Formal Primary Education (NFPE). RDP covers all the 64 districts of Bangladesh with nearly 3.4 million borrower-households. BRAC is operating more than 34 thousand non-formal primary schools where children of poor households attend free of cost. Currently BRAC's health and population programme covers about 35 million people throughout the country. BRAC has several other programmes aimed to create income and employment opportunities for the poor and to support the vulnerable group. BRAC also has a number of income generating projects, profit of which is channelled to finance development works.
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2
It has become a concern that whether such development interventions have impact on the macro economy of the country i.e., whether the standard macro variables like national income, savings, investment, employment are affected by NGO intervention. Contribution of some of the development interventions viz., credit and savings programme is observable while contribution of some other programmes viz., training, education, and health interventions is unobservable and difficult to estimate. Research on the above issues is almost non-existent and also difficult to conduct mainly due to lack of an established methodology. Dr. Mohiuddin Alamgir pioneered such a study on the contribution of Grameen Bank to GDP1 of Bangladesh. The study found that Grameen Bank contributed 1.1% of Bangladesh's GDP in 1996 (1). The present study which follows the same methodology employed by Dr. Alamgir, attempts to estimate the contribution of BRAC to GDP of Bangladesh.
METHODOLOGY BRAC's contribution to GDP of Bangladesh, Vb can be divided into four components. These are: First component (Direct): Value added in BRAC as an organization in a given year (Vbi); Second component (Indirect): Incremental value added in linked sectors due to input supply to BRAC in a given year (Vb2); Third component (Indirect): Incremental value added in linked sectors attributed to loans disbursed by BRAC in a given year (Vb3); and Fourth component (Indirect): Incremental value added in linked sectors attributed to non-financial development inputs (skill training, non-formal primary education, and health services) in a given year (Vb4). Therefore,
∑=
=4
1ibiVbV
1 GDP is the value of final goods and services produced within the country (in a year).
-
3
First component Value added in BRAC in a given year is the sum of 1) wages and salaries paid by BRAC (Ybi), 2) net interest earned by BRAC (Yb2), 3) net profit earned by BRAC (Yb3) on non-loan activities, and 4) provision for depreciation (Yb4) during the period. Thus,
∑=
=4
1ibib1 YV
Second component Incremental value added in linked sectors due to input supply to BRAC in a given year is estimated by:
( )[ ]∑=i
viaiIbb2V
Where, Ib = Input supply to BRAC in a given year. ai = Input coefficient of sector (i). vi = Value added coefficient of sector (i). Third component Incremental value added in linked sectors attributed to loans disbursed by BRAC in a given year consists of four elements. Of these, three elements are from different uses of loan proceeds viz., i) capital investment of different types (K), ii) intermediate inputs purchase (I), and iii) wage payments (W). The fourth element is net profit of loan-financed activities less income from alternative activities in the absence of BRAC loan (II). Vb3 = V (K )+V ( I ) +W+Π Where, V(-) = Incremental value added in supplying sectors due to loan proceeds in a given year. Therefore, total loan disbursed to sector (j), (Cj) is the sum of 1) amount of investment in items supplied by different capital goods sectors out of loan disbursed to sector (j) in a given year (Kj), 2) amount of intermediate input purchase out of loan disbursed to sector (j) in a given
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4
year (Ij), and 3) amount of wage payments out of loan disbursed to sector (j) in a given year (Wj). Cj=Kj+Ij +Wj ∀ j = 1, ------ , 9 The sectors are 1) Agriculture, 2) Fisheries, 3) Poultry and livestock, 4) Sericulture, 5) Cottage industry, 6) Rural transport, 7) Rural trading, 8) Food process, and 9) Housing. It is assumed that loan-use in sectors are distributed by a given coefficient c. This is given as follows: Kj = ckj Cj, Ij = cIj Cj, and Wj = cwj Cj Or
jp
pjCc∑=jC ∀ p = k , I and w
Where, cpj = Share of loan disbursed to sector ( j ) used for pth item. a) A number of steps have been followed to calculate total incremental value added due to increase in capital investment financed by loan proceeds to a receiving sector in a given year. First, the amount of purchase from each capital supplying sector has been estimated. Amount of capital purchased from sector (i) for sector ( j ) financed by loans (Kij) is estimated by Kij = kijckj Cj Where, kij = Share of capital supplying sector (i) in the amount of capital investment in sector (j) out of loan proceeds. Second, each type of capital purchased by loan receiving sectors is added to estimate the total investment demand (Di) from each sector.
Di = jCj
ij kjck∑
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5
Third, direct and indirect increases in output of all linked sectors due to increase in final demand of capital supplying sectors has been estimated through input-output inverse matrix. Q = [I-A]-1F Where, Q = output vector, [I-A]-1 = Leontiff inverse matrix, and F = final demand vector. For sector (i), the estimated total output increase is given by
Xi = ∑m
imiDA
Where, Ami = the element of the inverse matrix showing output increase in linked sector (m) due to unit demand increase in Di. Xi = total output increase due to increase in K in all sectors. To get value added in linked sector (i), Xi has been multiplied by vector of sectoral value added coefficients (vi). Total value added V(K) is the sum of value added in all sectors.
V(K) = ∑i
iviX
b) Incremental value added in sectors supplying intermediate inputs financed by loan proceeds to sector (j). V(Ij) is as follows:
V(Ij) = ∑i
[(aijciICj)vi]
Where, aij = Input coefficient of sector (j) from sector (i). vi = Value added coefficient of sector (i) Therefore, incremental value added in sectors supplying intermediate inputs is estimated by:
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6
V(I) = )([ ]∑∑i
iiIijj
v ca jC
(Secondary effects working through input-output relationship is ignored) c) Wage payments financed by loan disbursed to sector (j) create value added directly and this is given by the following:
Wj = cwj Cj and W = ∑j
cwjCj
d) Net profit from activities financed by loan proceeds of sector (j) less opportunity cost in a given year is estimated by: Πj = rj Cj-Yj and Π = ∑ −
jjjj YCr )(
Where, rj = Average return on investment in sector (i). Yj = Return from alternative activities. Fourth component a) Contribution of skill development training The potential earnings of the beneficiaries who received training from BRAC in year t- 1 estimate the contribution of BRAC training to GDP in year t. Therefore, the contribution of BRAC's skill training, vt (s) is given by the excess of yt (s) over yo(s) less cost per trainee, Ct (capital and recurrent incurred by BRAC plus cost borne by the trainee). Thus, vt (s) = [yt (s) – y0 (s)] - Ct where, yt (s) = annual income in sectors of the beneficiary who received training from BRAC y0(s) = annual income in sectors without any training A beneficiary can receive training for more than one sector and can be involved in the sectors in which she received training. A weighted
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7
average of vt (s) has been taken as the unit value added of a beneficiary receiving training. vt = ∑
sasvt (s)
For a total number of N beneficiaries who received training and got themselves engaged in income earning activities, the contribution of BRAC training is estimated by V(T) = ∑
Nvt
b) Contribution of education intervention The potential wage earnings of the graduates of year t-1 can estimate the contribution of education intervention of BRAC to GDP in year t. For example, if the BRAC school system produced only one graduate of level L (say primary) in year t- 1 who joined the labour force in year t to earn an annual wage of wL(s) in sector s, then the contribution to GDP of BRAC's education intervention, vl(s) is given by excess of wL(s) over wo(s), wage in sectors without education less per student cost of education (capital and recurrent incurred by BRAC plus cost borne by the student), i.e., V1(s) = [wL(s) – W0 (s)] - cL In calculating, wL(s) and wo(s), weighted average of male and female wage has been taken. Each level of graduate may be employed in more than one sector. A weighted average of vl(s) gives the unit value added of an L level graduate as shown below: v1 = Σsαs v1(s) For a total number of graduates of level L, NL, with labour force participation rate of 1p and employment ratio of le, total contribution of education intervention of BRAC, V (E), is estimated by V (E) = ΣL NL v11P le
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8
c) Contribution of health intervention The contribution of BRAC's health intervention to GDP, V (H), is given by (a) value of the annual number of days saved (d1) of working adults which would otherwise have been lost due to illness (V1 = v1 d1), (b) value of the annual number of days saved (d2) of working adults which would otherwise have been lost due to care of the sick (V2 = v2 d2), and (c) incremental value added by health care beneficiaries due to improved health care (V3), less total health care costs incurred by BRAC (Ch). V3 has been omitted since empirical work on the relationship between health and productivity is not firmly established in the Bangladesh context. Thus, V (H) = (V1 + V2) – Ch Where, V1 = v1d1 and V2 = v2 d2 Sources of data Data on components of BRAC’s direct contribution and input supply to BRAC have been collected from BRAC audit reports (2-4). Information on the amount of loan disbursed to different sectors and number of persons received skill training were collected from RDP-MIS. Sectoral value added coefficients were taken from An Input-Output Table for Bangladesh Economy prepared by BIDS (5). The coefficients a, c, k, and vt (unit value added of a person receiving skill training) have been estimated based on Microenterprise Profiles contained in the ADB (7) and discussion with BRAC’s RDP personnel. Income from alternative sources in the absence of BRAC loan was taken from a Grameen Bank study (1). Data on number of patients treated in the BRAC heath centres and cost per patient have been collected from BRAC’s HNPP office. Value of the annual number of days saved of working adults which would otherwise have been lost due to illness was taken from a recent BRAC study (6).
FINDINGS GDP is equal to total income earned domestically and is also equal to total spending. In this study some components of BRAC’s contribution to GDP (net profit or net interest, for example) have been estimated based on income method while some others (value added in linked sectors due to input supply to BRAC or that due to loan disbursed by BRAC, for example) based on expenditure method. Findings on BRAC’s contribution to GDP is presented in Table 1.
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9
1998
3,14
4,04
3,42
8
671,
717,
244
1,92
6,55
0,05
6
2,53
8,67
8,41
3
910,
341,
625
4,00
3,94
5,39
0
4,24
8,24
8,76
0
326,
803,
562
17,7
70,3
28,4
78
1,54
8,33
4
1.14
8
1997
2,31
3,09
0,98
6
516,
309,
411
1,55
1,57
1,05
3
2,13
2,24
3,23
0
724,
901,
682
3,30
6,72
2,04
8
2,72
0,99
7,30
0
292,
131,
137
13,5
57,9
66,8
47
1,40
3,04
5
0.96
6
1996
1,94
8,72
6,21
9
405,
306,
268
1,15
9,44
6,86
7
1,57
0,85
5,52
5
565,
761,
252
2,45
0,52
8,76
3
2,25
2,03
7,34
0
126,
419,
458
10,4
79,0
81,6
92
1,30
1,60
0
0.80
5
1995
1,49
2,50
4,03
0
464,
840,
679
909,
885,
386
1,09
3,34
8,00
9
443,
307,
937
1,77
0,69
2,50
9
2,04
0,69
2,78
0
NA
8,21
5,27
1,33
0
1,17
0,26
1
0.70
2
Tabl
e 1.
Con
trib
utio
n of
BR
AC
to
GD
P of
Ban
glad
esh
Item
s
Val
ue
adde
d in
BR
AC
V
alu
e ad
ded
in li
nke
d se
ctor
s du
e to
inpu
t su
pply
to
BR
AC
V
alu
e ad
ded
in li
nke
d se
ctor
s du
e to
BR
AC
loan
1. C
apit
al s
upp
lyin
g se
ctor
2. I
npu
t su
pply
ing
sect
or
Wag
e pa
ymen
t fr
om lo
an
Ret
urn
on
loan
-fin
ance
d ac
tivi
ties
at
48%
V
alu
e ad
ded
due
to s
kill
deve
lopm
ent
trai
nin
g V
alu
e ad
ded
due
to h
ealt
h
inte
rven
tion
Tota
l con
trib
uti
on o
f BR
AC
to
GD
P of
Ban
glad
esh
Tota
l GD
P of
Ban
glad
esh
(In
mill
ion
Tk.
)
% c
ontr
ibu
tion
of B
RA
C t
o G
DP
of B
angl
ades
h
-
10
BRAC contributed Tk. 8,215.3 million, Tk. 10,479.1 million, Tk. 13,558 million and Tk. 17,770.3 million to GDP of Bangladesh in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively. In 1995 BRAC’s share to GDP was 0.7%, while it increased to 1.15% in 1998. This shows that output of BRAC increased faster than GDP of Bangladesh. During the period output of BRAC increased, on average, at 29.1% annually. It may be mentioned that the share of Grameen Bank to GDP of Bangladesh was estimated at 1.1% in 1996 (1) which increased at a slower rate than the GDP of the country. BRAC’s direct contribution to the GDP was Tk. 1,492.5 million, Tk. 1,948.7 million, Tk. 2,313.1 million and Tk. 3,144 million in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively (Annex Table 1). Capital supplying sectors contributed Tk. 909.9 million, Tk. 1,159.4 million, Tk. 1,551.6 million and Tk. 1,926.6 million in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively (Annex Table 3 to 8). The contribution from input supplying sector was Tk. 1,093.3 million, Tk. 1,570.9 million, Tk. 2,132.2 million and Tk. 2,538.7 million respectively (Annex Table 3,4, and 9 through 11). Value added in linked sectors due to input supply to BRAC were Tk. 464.8 million, Tk. 405.3 million, Tk. 516.3 million and Tk. 671.7 million in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively (Annex Table 2). The annual weighted average return on loan financed activities is estimated to be 72%. One-third of the above has been deducted to account for income from alternative sources in the absence of BRAC loan. Thus, the net rate of return was calculated at 48%. At this rate the return from loan-financed activities is estimated at Tk. 1,770.7 million, Tk. 2,450.5 million, Tk. 3,306.7 million, and Tk. 4,003.9 million in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively (Annex Table 12). Weighted average of the difference in monthly income of those with and without BRAC’s skill training is estimated to be Tk. 1,010. Average cost of training per person is Tk. 500. At this rate annual contribution of skill training is estimated at Tk. 2,040.7 million, Tk. 2,252 million, Tk. 2,721 million, and Tk. 4,248.2 million in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively (Number of persons received skill training and got themselves involved in income generating activities were 175,619, 193,807, 234,165 and 365,598 in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively). Value of the annual number of days (8 hours a day) saved of working adults which would otherwise have been lost due to illness is estimated to be Tk. 1990. Value of the annual number of days saved of
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11
working adults which would otherwise have been lost due to care of the sick is estimated to be Tk. 497.5 (2 hours a day). At this rate value added due to BRAC’s health intervention is estimated at Tk. 126.4 million, Tk. 292.1 million, and Tk. 326.8 million in 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively (Annex Table 13). Estimating the contribution of BRAC’s education programme was not possible since data on the sectoral wage differential of the BRAC graduate and those without any education was not available.
LIMITATIONS The estimation of BRAC’s contribution to GDP in the present study is not beyond criticism since the methodology is still in its preliminary stage. It is expected that further studies will improve both the methodology and the authenticity of the estimate. For more accurate estimation data quality needs to be improved. For example, all the sectors which supply input to BRAC and where BRAC disburses loan, need to be specified as much as possible. That will help calculate weighted average of the sectoral value added coefficient more accurately. An MIS system with all the programme information in detail is required. Some data such as the potential earnings of a beneficiary who received training from BRAC, was collected from BRAC programme. Such information would be more acceptable to the researchers and other people outside BRAC if that could be known from past research.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is grateful to Dr. Mohiuddin Alamgir, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy for his suggestions on the methodology and comments on the earlier drafts. Sincere thanks are also due to Mr. Bazle Mustafa Razee of FIVDB for valuable suggestions on the methodology. Dr. AMR Chowdhury, Director Research deserves special thanks for encouraging me to conduct the study. Mr. Hasan Shareef Ahmed is also acknowledged for editing the report.
REFERENCE
1. Alamgir M. Contribution of Grameen Bank to gross domestic product of Bangladesh: preliminary estimates, Dhaka: Grameen Trust, 1996. 31p.
2. BRAC financial statements—December 31, 1998 together with independent auditors'
report. Dubai: Arthur Anderson & Co. and Dhaka: ACNABIN & Co. 1999. 15p.
-
12
3. BRAC financial statements—December 31, 1997 together with independent auditors' report. Dubai: Arthur Anderson & Co. and Dhaka: ACNABIN & Co. 1998. 20p.
4. BRAC auditors' report and financial statements for the year ended December 31,
1996. Dubai: Arthur Anderson & Co. and Dhaka: ACNABIN & Co. 1997. 90p. 5. GoB & BIDS. An input-output table for Bangladesh economy 1993-94. May 1998. 6. Tudor MJ, Mallick D. NGOs and village impacts: a case study in Badhair union,
Dhaka: BRAC, 2000. 23p. 7. Uniconsult International Limited. Preparation report for the rural livelihood project in
Bangladesh (Technical assistance number 2293-BAN), Dhaka: 1996.
-
13
1998
1,40
9,78
4,18
8 1,
184,
840,
133
395,
252,
453
154,
166,
654
3,14
4,04
3,42
8
1998
1,23
7,91
9,30
5
131,
231,
348
--
1,36
9,15
0,65
3
100,
803,
842
55,2
03,6
79
28,3
02,9
99
184,
310,
520
1,18
4,84
0,13
3
1997
1,15
8,40
7,01
3 88
8,09
4,10
0 16
4,96
4,94
3
101,
624,
930
2,31
3,09
0,98
6
1997
888,
359,
541
103,
107,
047
--
991,
466,
588
71,8
53,2
36
24,4
15,7
04
7,10
3,54
8
103,
372,
488
888,
094,
100
1996
942,
338,
409
703,
590,
640
223,
920,
934
78,8
76,2
36
1,94
8,72
6,21
9
1996
694,
708,
869
59,4
70,8
31
20,4
61,0
67
774,
640,
767
48,5
31,6
02
35,7
02,6
35
6,81
5,89
0
71,0
50,1
27
703,
590,
640
1995
835,
216,
777
408,
933,
648
199,
259,
305
49,0
94,3
00
1,49
2,50
4,03
0
1995
390,
418,
578
52,7
63,1
10
39,1
78,9
24
482,
360,
612
28,1
23,9
36
41,5
73,3
09
3,72
9,71
9
73,4
26,9
64
408,
933,
648
Ann
ex
Tab
le 1
. Dir
ect
Con
trib
utio
n of
BR
AC
to
GD
P of
Ban
glad
esh
1995
-199
8 (T
aka)
Item
W
ages
an
d sa
lari
es
Net
inte
rest
N
et p
rofit
Prov
isio
n fo
r de
prec
iati
on
Tota
l
Tabl
e 1a
. Cal
cula
tion
of
net
inte
rest
Item
Inte
rest
inco
me
Loan
to
VO
mem
bers
Ban
k ac
cou
nts
, fix
ed d
epos
its
and
PSPs
Proj
ect/
com
pan
ies
Su
b-to
tal (
a)
Inte
rest
exp
ense
s
Dep
osit
of V
O m
embe
rs
Lon
g te
rm lo
ans
Ban
k ov
erdr
aft
inte
rest
an
d ch
arge
s
Su
b-to
tal (
b)
Net
inte
rest
(a-b
)
-
14
Val
ue
adde
d
(199
6)
71,6
34,2
27
84,5
32,3
82
37,7
57,4
29
51,6
18,3
30
34,5
59,9
22
120,
735,
482
---
4,46
8,49
7
405,
306,
268
1998
84
7,40
3,53
8
652,
340,
412
11,5
39,7
98
171,
821,
797
10,1
72,2
68
395,
252,
453
Val
ue
adde
d
(199
5)
65,5
45,4
04
112,
604,
995
35,1
62,0
67
36,6
83,9
18
31,5
44,5
90
180,
854,
501
---
2,44
5,20
4
464,
840,
679
1997
64
3,30
3,80
9
474,
786,
704
3,24
9,98
7
109,
912,
412
116,
714,
561
164,
964,
943
Val
ue
adde
d co
effic
ien
t 0.
6625
0.57
29
0.57
14
0.42
96
0.82
22
0.42
96
0.57
29
0.65
56
1996
557,
918,
171
404,
577,
212
3,75
0,00
0
66,8
29,9
75
- 22
3,92
0,93
4
Inpu
t su
pply
(1
996)
10
8,12
7,13
5
147,
551,
723
66,0
78,8
04
120,
154,
399
42,0
33,4
73
281,
041,
624
--
6,81
5,89
0
Inpu
t su
pply
(1
995)
98
,936
,459
196,
552,
619
61,5
36,6
94
85,3
90,8
70
38,3
66,0
79
420,
983,
476
--
3,72
9,71
9
1995
52
6,12
4,97
1
390,
934,
340
6,87
5,00
0
57,1
93,6
74
- 19
9,25
9,30
5
Sec
tor
Tran
spor
t se
rvic
e
Prof
essi
onal
ser
vice
Ru
ral b
uild
ing
Prin
tin
g an
d pu
blis
hin
g
Com
mu
nic
atio
n
Prin
tin
g an
d pu
blis
hin
g
Prof
essi
onal
ser
vice
Ban
kin
g an
d in
sura
nce
Tabl
e 1b
. C
alcu
lati
on o
f ne
t pr
ofit
Ite
m
a) R
even
ue
from
sal
es o
f com
mer
cial
ven
ture
s
b) C
ost
of s
ales
of c
omm
erci
al v
entu
res
c) I
nco
me
from
inve
stm
ent
in r
elat
ed c
ompa
nie
s
d) O
ther
inco
me*
e) L
oss
on in
vest
men
t N
et p
rofit
(a-b
+c+d
-e)
* In
clu
de s
ervi
ce c
har
ges,
sec
tora
l in
com
e, r
enta
l in
com
e, g
ain
on
sal
e of
ass
ets
and
oth
ers.
Ta
ble
2.1.
Val
ue a
dded
in
linke
d se
ctor
s du
e to
Inp
ut S
uppl
y to
BR
AC
(Tak
a) 1
995-
1996
Exp
ense
s
Trav
ellin
g an
d tr
ansp
ort
Trai
nin
g
Sch
ool r
ent
and
mai
nte
nan
ce
Sta
tion
ary,
ren
t an
d u
tilit
ies
Mai
nte
nan
ce a
nd
gen
eral
ex
pen
ses
Prog
ram
me
supp
lies
Publ
icit
y, a
dver
tise
men
t an
d sa
les
com
mis
sion
B
ank
char
ges
Tota
l
-
15
Val
ue
adde
d
(199
8)
127,
433,
774
127,
963,
181
47,1
57,2
69
69,2
47,1
37
64,9
50,7
24
207,
594,
922
8,81
4,79
1
18,5
55,4
46
671,
717,
244
Val
ue
adde
d
(199
7)
98,8
83,4
59
106,
005,
653
44,0
05,3
63
61,4
25,5
10
42,5
22,2
67
156,
528,
979
2,28
1,09
4
4,65
7,08
6
516,
309,
411
Val
ue
adde
d co
effic
ien
t
0.66
25
0.57
29
0.57
14
0.42
96
0.82
22
0.42
96
0.57
29
0.65
56
Inpu
t su
pply
(1
998)
192,
352,
866
223,
360,
413
82,5
29,3
47
161,
189,
798
78,9
96,2
59
483,
228,
404
15,3
86,2
65
28,3
02,9
99
Inpu
t su
pply
(1
997)
108,
127,
135
147,
551,
723
66,0
78,8
04
120,
154,
399
42,0
33,4
73
281,
041,
624
---
6,81
5,89
0
Labo
ur
19
26
10
22
19
23
5 17
10
Sec
tor
Tran
spor
t se
rvic
e
Prof
essi
onal
ser
vice
R
ura
l bu
ildin
g
Prin
tin
g an
d pu
blis
hin
g
Com
mu
nic
atio
n
Prin
tin
g an
d pu
blis
hin
g Pr
ofes
sion
al s
ervi
ce
Ban
kin
g an
d in
sura
nce
In
term
edia
te in
puts
51
36
65
24
66
14
79
65
00
% a
lloca
tion
C
apit
al
30
38
25
54
15
63
16
18
90
Tabl
e 2.
2. V
alue
add
ed in
link
ed s
ecto
rs d
ue t
o In
put
Supp
ly t
o B
RA
C (T
aka)
199
7-19
98
Exp
ense
s
Tr
avel
ling
and
tran
spor
t
Trai
nin
g S
choo
l ren
t an
d m
ain
ten
ance
Sta
tion
ary,
ren
t an
d u
tilit
ies
Mai
nte
nan
ce a
nd
gen
eral
ex
pen
ses
Prog
ram
me
supp
lies
Publ
icit
y, a
dver
tise
men
t an
d sa
les
com
mis
sion
B
ank
char
ges
Tota
l
Tabl
e 3.
Per
cent
age
allo
cati
on o
f lo
an t
o va
riou
s se
ctor
s by
use
(c
apit
al, i
nter
med
iate
inp
uts
and
labo
ur)
Sec
tor
Agr
icu
ltu
re
Fish
erie
s Po
ult
ry a
nd
lives
tock
S
eric
ult
ure
C
otta
ge in
dust
ry
Ru
ral t
ran
spor
t
Ru
ral t
radi
ng
Food
pro
cess
ing
Hou
sin
g
-
16
Labo
ur
109,
562,
010
56,0
42,3
76
100,
248,
165
2,75
3,37
7 11
,216
,758
38
,649
,514
11
3,47
6,90
4
130,
330,
497
3,48
1,65
0
Labo
ur
226,
125,
641
135,
033,
340
170,
870,
540
3,44
7,84
0
8,65
3,45
5
33,4
84,4
35
192,
774,
595
130,
768,
165
9,18
3,61
5
Inte
rmed
iate
in
puts
29
4,08
7,50
2 77
,597
,136
65
1,61
3,07
3 3,
003,
684
38,9
63,4
76
23,5
25,7
91
1,79
2,93
5,08
0
498,
322,
490
-
Inte
rmed
iate
in
puts
60
6,96
8,82
5
186,
969,
240
1,11
0,65
8,51
0
3,76
1,28
0
30,0
59,3
70
20,3
81,8
30
3,04
5,83
8,59
7
499,
995,
925 -
1996
Cap
ital
172,
992,
648
81,9
08,0
88
250,
620,
413
6,75
8,28
9 8,
855,
336
105,
866,
059
363,
126,
092
137,
996,
997
31,3
34,8
50
1998
Cap
ital
357,
040,
485
197,
356,
420
427,
176,
350
8,46
2,88
0
6,83
1,67
5
91,7
18,2
35
616,
878,
703
138,
460,
410
82,6
52,5
35
Labo
ur
85,8
47,8
11
36,9
19,6
32
87,4
48,4
27
11,8
75,3
32
10,8
52,7
78
30,1
37,5
90
63,0
00,8
19
110,
202,
313
7,02
3,23
5
Labo
ur
122,
267,
472
81,4
18,7
40
156,
130,
114
2,98
6,06
0
11,8
29,3
05
42,5
87,6
05
161,
282,
785
140,
761,
601
5,63
8,00
0
Inte
rmed
iate
in
puts
23
0,43
3,59
8 51
,119
,491
56
8,41
4,77
3 12
,954
,908
37
,699
,123
18
,344
,620
99
5,41
2,93
5
421,
361,
785
-
Inte
rmed
iate
in
puts
32
8,19
1,63
4
112,
733,
640
1,01
4,84
5,74
0
3,25
7,52
0
41,0
91,2
70
25,9
22,8
90
2,54
8,26
8,00
3
538,
206,
123 -
1995
Cap
ital
135,
549,
175
53,9
59,4
63
218,
621,
067
29,1
48,5
43
8,56
7,98
2 82
,550
,790
20
1,60
2,62
0
116,
684,
802
63,2
09,1
15
1997
Cap
ital
193,
053,
902
118,
996,
620
390,
325,
285
7,32
9,42
0
9,33
8,92
5
116 ,
653,
005
516,
104,
912
149,
041,
696
50,7
42,0
00
Tab
le 4
.1. A
lloca
tion
of l
oan
to v
ario
us s
ecto
rs b
y us
e (T
aka)
199
5-19
96
Sec
tor
Agr
icu
lture
F
ishe
ries
P
oultr
y an
d liv
esto
ck
Ser
icu
lture
C
otta
ge in
dust
ry
Ru
ral t
rans
port
R
ura
l tra
ding
Foo
d pr
oces
sing
H
ousi
ng
Tab
le 4
.2. A
lloca
tion
of l
oan
to v
ario
us s
ecto
rs b
y us
e (T
aka)
199
7-19
98
Sec
tor
Agr
icu
lture
Fis
heri
es
Pou
ltry
and
lives
tock
Ser
icu
lture
Cot
tage
indu
stry
Ru
ral t
rans
port
Ru
ral t
radi
ng
Foo
d pr
oces
sing
Hou
sing
-
17
Tota
l
92,8
15,2
92
175,
943,
511
102,
797,
827
1,61
8,78
4
373,
220,
090
163,
498,
053
Hou
sing
56
44
- - - -
Hou
sing
35,3
97,1
04
27,8
12,0
11
- - - -
Food
pr
oces
sing
12
8 - - 80
-
Food
pr
oces
sing
14,0
02,1
76
9,33
4,78
4
- -
93,3
47,8
42
-
Ru
ral
trad
ing
12
38
- - 50
-
Ru
ral t
radi
ng
24,1
92,3
14
76,6
08,9
96
- -
100,
801,
310
-
Ru
ral
tran
spor
t 15
52
33
- - -
Ru
ral
tran
spor
t
12,3
82,6
19
42,9
26,4
11
27,2
41,7
61
- - -
Cot
tage
in
dust
ry
5 7 75
- 13
-
Seri
-cu
lture
22
- - - 48
30
Cot
tage
in
dust
ry
428,
399
599,
759
6,42
5,98
7
-
1,11
3,83
8
-
Seri
cult
ure
6,41
2,67
9
- - -
13,9
91,3
01
8,74
4,56
3
Pou
ltry
and
lives
tock
- - - - 75
25
Pou
ltry
and
lives
tock
- - - -
163,
965,
800
54,6
55,2
67
Fish
erie
s
- 17
- 3 - 80
Fish
erie
s
-
9,17
3,10
9
-
1,61
8,78
4
-
43,1
67,5
70
% a
lloca
tion
of c
apita
l
Agr
icu
lture
- 7 51
- - 42
Cap
ital e
xpen
ses
(Tak
a)
Agr
icu
lture
- 9,48
8,44
2
69,1
30,0
79
- -
56,9
30,6
54
Tab
le 5
. Per
cent
age
allo
cati
on o
f loa
n fi
nanc
ed c
apit
al e
xpen
ses
by s
uppl
ying
sec
tor
Cap
ital s
upp
lyin
g se
ctor
Woo
den
furn
iture
M
etal
pro
duct
s M
achi
nery
T
rans
port
equ
ipm
ent
Ru
ral b
uild
ing
Oth
er c
onst
ruct
ion
Tab
le 6
.1. A
lloca
tion
of l
oan-
fina
nced
cap
ital
exp
ense
s by
sup
plyi
ng s
ecto
r (T
aka)
199
5
Cap
ital
su
pply
ing
sec
tor
Woo
den
fu
rnitu
re
Met
al
pro
duct
s
Mac
hine
ry
Tra
nspo
rt
equ
ipm
ent
Ru
ral
Bu
ildin
g
Oth
er
con
stru
ctio
n
-
18
Tota
l
95,4
91,7
86
244,
519,
093
129,
803,
552
2,45
7,24
3
484,
321,
126
202,
865,
972
Tota
l
127,
810,
482
325,
426,
168
143,
957,
176
3,56
9,89
9
674,
761,
958
276,
060,
082
Hou
sing
17,5
47,5
16
13,7
87,3
34
- - - -
Hou
sing
28,4
15,5
20
22,3
26,4
80
- - - -
Food
pr
oces
sing
16,5
59,6
40
11,0
39,7
60
- -
110,
397,
598
-
Food
pr
oces
sing
1,78
8,50
04
11,9
23,3
36
- -
11,9
23,3
357
-
Ru
ral t
radi
ng
43,5
75,1
31
137,
987,
915
- -
181,
563,
046
-
Ru
ral t
radi
ng
61,9
32,5
89
19,6
11,9
867
- -
25,8
05,2
456
-
Ru
ral
tran
spor
t
15,8
79,9
09
55,0
50,3
51
34,9
35,8
00
- - -
Ru
ral
tran
spor
t
17,4
97,9
51
60,6
59,5
63
38,4
95,4
92
- - -
Cot
tage
in
dust
ry
442,
767
619,
874
6,64
1,50
2
-
1,15
1,19
4
-
Cot
tage
in
dust
ry
466,
946
653,
725
7,00
4,19
4
-
1,21
4,06
0
-
Seri
cult
ure
1,48
6,82
4
- - -
3,24
3,97
9
2,02
7,48
7
Seri
cult
ure
1,61
2,47
2
- - -
3,51
8,12
2
2,19
8,82
6
Pou
ltry
and
lives
tock
- - - -
187,
965,
310
62,6
55,1
03
Pou
ltry
and
lives
tock
- - - -
292,
743,
963
97,5
81,3
21
Fish
erie
s
-
13,9
24,3
75
-
2,45
7,24
3
-
6,55
2,64
70
Fish
erie
s
-
20,2
29,4
25
-
3,56
9,89
9
-
95,1
97,2
96
Cap
ital e
xpen
ses
(Tak
a)
Agr
icu
lture
-
12,1
09,4
85
88,2
26,2
50
- -
72,6
56,9
12
Cap
ital e
xpen
ses
(Tak
a)
Agr
icu
lture
-
13,5
13,7
73
98,4
57,4
90
- -
81,0
82,6
39
Tab
le 6
.2. A
lloca
tion
of l
oan-
fina
nced
cap
ital
exp
ense
s by
sup
plyi
ng s
ecto
r (T
aka)
199
6
Cap
ital
su
pply
ing
sec
tor
Woo
den
fu
rnitu
re
Met
al
pro
duct
s
Mac
hine
ry
Tra
nspo
rt
equ
ipm
ent
Ru
ral
Bu
ildin
g
Oth
er
con
stru
ctio
n
Tab
le 6
.3. A
lloca
tion
of l
oan-
fina
nced
cap
ital
exp
ense
s by
sup
plyi
ng s
ecto
r (T
aka)
199
7 C
apita
l s
upp
lyin
g s
ecto
r
Woo
den
fu
rnitu
re
Met
al
pro
duct
s
Mac
hine
ry
Tra
nspo
rt
equ
ipm
ent
Ru
ral
Bu
ildin
g
Oth
er
con
stru
ctio
n
-
19
Tota
l
152,
887,
266
388,
572,
980
217,
481,
421
5,92
0,69
3
744,
540,
242
417,
175,
091
Hou
sing
46,2
85,4
20
36,3
67,1
15
- - - -
Food
pr
oces
sing
16,6
15,2
49
11,0
76,8
33
- -
110,
768,
328
-
Ru
ral t
radi
ng
74,0
25,4
44
234,
413,
907
- -
308,
439,
352
-
Ru
ral
tran
spor
t
13,7
57,7
35
47,6
93,4
82
30,2
67,0
18
- - -
Cot
tage
in
dust
ry
341,
584
478,
217
5,12
3,75
6
- 888,
118
-
Seri
cult
ure
1,86
1,83
4
- - -
4,06
2,18
2
2,53
8,86
4
Pou
ltry
and
lives
tock
- - - -
320,
382,
263
106,
794,
088
Fish
erie
s
-
33,5
50,5
91
-
5,92
0,69
3
-
157,
885,
136
Cap
ital e
xpen
ses
(Tak
a)
Agr
icu
lture
-
24,9
92,8
34
182,
090,
647
- -
149,
957,
004
Tabl
e 6.
4. A
lloca
tion
of l
oan-
fina
nced
cap
ital
exp
ense
s by
sup
plyi
ng s
ecto
r (T
aka)
199
8
Cap
ital
su
pply
ing
sec
tor
Woo
den
fu
rnitu
re
Met
al
pro
duct
s
Mac
hine
ry
Tra
nspo
rt
equ
ipm
ent
Ru
ral
Bu
ildin
g
Oth
er
con
stru
ctio
n
-
20
Oth
er
cons
tru
ctio
n 0.
0002
05
0.00
0898
0.
0000
05
0.00
0381
0.00
0460
0.
0000
18
0.00
0035
0.
0000
64
0.00
0717
0.
0000
13
0.00
1058
0.
0000
06
0.00
0005
0.
0000
99
0.00
0283
0.
0007
57
0.00
0148
0.
0000
13
0.00
0103
0.
0171
57
0.00
0089
0.
0011
55
0.00
0000
0.00
1105
0.
0009
67
Ru
ral
build
ing
0.00
0104
0.
0005
30
0.00
0002
0.00
1005
0.00
0263
0.
0000
05
0.00
0010
0.
0000
25
0.00
0317
0.
0000
04
0.00
0267
0.
0000
01
0.00
0001
0.
0000
44
0.00
0016
0.
0004
26
0.00
0049
0.
0000
03
0.00
0028
0.
1566
60
0.00
0034
0.
0006
70
0.00
0000
0.00
0549
0.
0005
52
Tran
spor
t eq
uip
men
t 0.
0000
96
0.00
0414
0.
0000
03
0.00
0160
0.00
0196
0.
0000
09
0.00
0019
0.
0000
32
0.00
0355
0.
0000
07
0.00
0393
0.
0000
01
0.00
0003
0.
0000
49
0.00
0016
0.
0003
42
0.00
0077
0.
0000
07
0.00
0055
0.
0154
08
0.00
0045
0.
0005
35
0.00
0000
0.00
0537
0.
0004
12
Mac
hine
ry
0.00
0238
0.
0010
30
0.00
0007
0.00
0319
0.00
0434
0.
0000
24
0.00
0048
0.
0000
80
0.00
0980
0.
0000
18
0.00
1096
0.
0000
02
0.00
0007
0.
0001
20
0.00
0040
0.
0008
45
0.00
0196
0.
0000
18
0.00
0141
0.
0261
68
0.00
0113
0.
0013
43
0.00
0000
0.00
1402
0.
0009
12
Fabr
icat
ed
Met
al p
rodu
cts
0.00
0140
0.
0006
11
0.00
0003
0.00
0325
0.00
0308
0.
0000
10
0.00
0020
0.
0000
40
0.00
0487
0.
0000
08
0.00
0553
0.
0000
01
0.00
0003
0.
0000
63
0.00
0024
0.
0004
91
0.00
0091
0.
0000
07
0.00
0060
0.
0123
87
0.00
0054
0.
0007
80
0.00
0000
0.00
0756
0.
0006
48
Woo
den
Furn
iture
0.
0001
30
0.00
0695
0.
0000
02
0.00
0700
0.00
0370
0.
0000
07
0.00
0012
0.
0000
31
0.00
0500
0.
0000
06
0.00
0929
0.
0000
02
0.00
0002
0.
0000
54
0.00
0022
0.
0005
31
0.00
0060
0.
0000
04
0.00
0034
0.
2413
10
0.00
0042
0.
0008
67
0.00
0000
0.00
0791
0.
0007
77
Tabl
e 7.
Leo
ntif
f inv
erse
mat
rix
for
Ban
glad
esh
econ
omy
Sect
ors
Padd
y W
heat
O
ther
gra
ins
Jute
Suga
rcan
e Po
tato
V
eget
able
s Pu
lses
O
ilsee
ds
Fru
its
Cot
ton
Toba
cco
Tea
Maj
or s
peci
es
Oth
er c
rops
Li
vest
ock
Pou
ltry
Shri
mp
Oth
er fi
sh
Fore
stry
R
ice
mill
ing
Ata
and
flou
r m
illin
g Fi
sh a
nd s
ea fo
od
proc
essi
ng
Edi
ble
oil
Suga
r an
d gu
r [T
able
7 c
ontin
ued
...]
-
21
Oth
er
cons
tru
ctio
n 0.
0000
16
0.00
0941
0.
0046
27
0.00
0026
0.
0000
52
0.00
0000
0.
0008
74
0.00
1913
0.
0030
59
0.00
0001
0.
0000
00
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0011
0.
0000
37
0.00
0000
0.
0030
21
0.00
1400
0.
0179
28
0.02
5471
0.00
1403
Ru
ral
build
ing
0.00
0004
0.
0012
90
0.00
3222
0.00
0014
0.
0000
36
0.00
0000
0.
0006
69
0.00
0480
0.
0007
84
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0007
0.
0000
09
0.00
0000
0.
0011
27
0.00
0762
0.
0057
10
0.00
5999
0.00
0242
Tran
spor
t eq
uip
men
t 0.
0000
09
0.00
0592
0.
0020
36
0.00
0012
0.
0000
28
0.00
0000
0.
0003
64
0.00
0710
0.
0012
12
0.00
0001
0.
0000
00
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0005
0.
0000
05
0.00
0000
0.
0114
45
0.00
0398
0.
0152
39
0.04
1836
0.00
0384
Mac
hine
ry
0.00
0023
0.
0011
39
0.00
4633
0.00
0025
0.
0000
62
0.00
0000
0.
0007
35
0.00
1986
0.
0034
31
0.00
0002
0.
0000
00
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0015
0.
0000
12
0.00
0000
0.
0033
84
0.00
0751
0.
0243
83
0.04
0550
0.00
1026
Fabr
icat
ed
Met
al p
rodu
cts
0.00
0010
0.
0008
28
0.00
3364
0.00
0023
0.
0000
63
0.00
0000
0.
0007
74
0.00
0999
0.
0017
07
0.00
0001
0.
0000
00
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0006
0.
0000
07
0.00
0000
0.
0024
16
0.00
0537
0.
0114
31
0.01
8772
0.00
0683
Woo
den
Fu
rnitu
re
0.00
0005
0.
0015
25
0.00
3899
0.00
0018
0.
0000
31
0.00
0000
0.
0008
19
0.00
1395
0.
0023
87
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0000
0.
0000
00
0.00
0006
0.
0000
11
0.00
0000
0.
5353
63
1.00
2802
0.
1600
39
0.03
7469
0.00
0313
[...T
able
7 c
ontin
ued
]
Sect
ors
Tea
(pro
cess
ing
and
blen
ding
) Sa
lt O
ther
food
Tann
ing
and
leat
her
finis
hing
Le
athe
r pr
odu
cts
Jute
bai
ling
Jute
tex
tile
Yarn
M
ill c
loth
H
andl
oom
clo
th
Dye
ing
and
blea
chin
g R
eady
mad
e ga
rmen
ts
Kni
ttin
g an
d ho
sier
y O
ther
tex
tiles
C
igar
ette
s B
idi
Saw
and
pla
nnin
g m
ills
Woo
den
furn
iture
Pu
lp, p
aper
and
boa
rd
Prin
ting
and
publ
ishi
ng
Dru
gs a
nd p
harm
aceu
tical
s
[Tab
le 7
con
tinu
ed...
]
-
22
Oth
er
cons
tru
ctio
n 0.
0003
27
0.16
6033
0.
0272
34
0.00
0008
0.
0000
48
0.02
3193
0.
0100
90
0.01
7904
0.
7812
98
0.04
6713
0.
6296
17
0.02
0071
0.
0429
26
0.37
175
0.00
1525
0.
0000
00
0.00
0002
Ru
ral
build
ing
0.00
0179
0.
0480
00
0.01
4913
0.00
0005
0.
0000
09
0.00
0859
0.
0455
16
0.03
0046
0.
2827
47
0.01
4574
0.
0206
14
0.00
7161
0.
0152
67
0.00
7578
1.
0006
62
0.00
0000
0.
0000
19
Tran
spor
t eq
uip
men
t 0.
0001
48
0.08
6586
0.
0179
08
0.00
0003
0.
0000
32
0.01
0143
0.
0019
32
0.00
3361
0.
3878
24
0.15
1649
0.
2705
88
1.02
0430
0.
0163
49
0.03
4369
0.
0014
46
0.00
0000
0.
0000
02
Mac
hine
ry
0.00
0390
0.
2743
93
0.03
3226
0.00
0008
0.
0000
58
0.04
8150
0.
0028
55
0.00
7563
0.
9121
53
0.07
6822
1.
3146
12
0.02
3475
0.
0314
69
0.05
4346
0.
0016
68
0.00
0000
0.
0000
03
Fabr
icat
ed
Met
al p
rodu
cts
0.00
0212
0.
1108
64
0.02
6641
0.00
0005
0.
0000
28
0.00
3963
0.
0028
45
0.00
3917
1.
0488
69
1.09
2243
0.
0821
99
0.01
2148
0.
0233
47
0.02
7629
0.
0042
95
0.00
0000
0.
0000
01
Woo
den
Fu
rnitu
re
0.00
0253
0.
1090
51
0.03
7420
0.00
0006
0.
0000
25
0.00
2550
0.
0017
72
0.00
2429
0.
0878
34
0.03
1720
0.
0512
87
0.00
7379
0.
0358
62
0.02
9316
0.
0064
67
0.00
0000
0.
0000
29
[...T
able
7 c
ontin
ued
]
Sect
ors
Fert
ilize
r O
ther
che
mic
als
Petr
oleu
m p
rodu
cts
Pott
ery
and
eart
henw
are
Chi
na a
nd c
eram
ic
Gla
ss a
nd g
lass
pro
duct
s B
rick
, tile
s an
d cl
ay p
rodu
cts
Cem
ent
Iron
and
ste
el b
asic
indu
stry
Fa
bric
ated
met
al p
rodu
cts
Mac
hine
ry
Tran
spor
t eq
uip
men
t M
isce
llane
ous
indu
stri
es
Urb
an b
uild
ing
Ru
ral b
uild
ing
Con
stru
ctio
n: E
lect
rici
ty a
nd g
as
Con
stru
ctio
n: R
ura
l roa
d
[Tab
le 7
con
tinu
ed...
]
-
23
Oth
er
cons
tru
ctio
n 0.
0000
24
1.00
0276
0.
0283
89
0.02
1354
0.
0368
32
0.11
5559
0.
0843
57
0.01
0226
0.
0015
19
0.00
1922
0.
0640
36
0.06
8190
0.
0738
07
0.00
1454
0.
0225
90
0.00
4060
3
.425
3
Ru
ral
build
ing
0.00
0018
0.
0001
18
0.00
9231
0.00
6824
0.
0403
00
0.15
9760
0.
0673
33
0.00
7780
0.
0003
79
0.00
0420
0.
0071
46
0.01
6558
0.
0008
15
0.00
0393
0.
0047
07
0.00
2787
1.
9946
Tran
spor
t eq
uip
men
t 0.
0000
14
0.00
0229
0.
0310
70
0.01
5086
0.
0147
37
0.07
2882
0.
0414
56
0.00
3913
0.
0007
58
0.00
0898
0.
0058
02
0.04
4394
0.
0015
87
0.00
0773
0.
0095
20
0.00
1496
2.
3405
Mac
hine
ry
0.00
0024
0.
0003
69
0.04
0371
0.02
9911
0.
0335
16
0.13
9955
0.
0852
77
0.00
8211
0.
0022
70
0.00
3025
0.
0139
99
0.11
4340
0.
0040
97
0.00
1988
0.
0360
33
0.00
3120
3.
4154
Fabr
icat
ed
Met
al p
rodu
cts
0.00
0014
0.
0003
90
0.04
1668
0.03
3183
0.
0340
98
0.10
1949
0.
0511
04
0.00
5328
0.
0016
89
0.00
1550
0.
0105
81
0.04
6815
0.
0022
88
0.00
0839
0.
0086
28
0.00
1966
2.8
408
Woo
den
Fu
rnitu
re
0.00
0152
0.
0002
41
0.03
6831
0.01
3444
0.
0091
28
0.18
8780
0.
0646
61
0.00
9250
0.
0001
89
0.00
0205
0.
0099
12
0.02
2423
0.
0013
91
0.00
0491
0.
0072
35
0.00
3119
2.7
948
[...T
able
7 c
ontin
ued
]
Sect
ors
Con
stru
ctio
n: o
ther
tra
nspo
rt
Oth
er c
onst
ruct
ion
Ele
ctri
city
Gas
M
inin
g an
d qu
arry
ing
Trad
e se
rvic
e Tr
ansp
ort
serv
ice
Hou
sing
ser
vice
H
ealth
ser
vice
E
duca
tion
serv
ice
Publ
ic a
dmin
istr
atio
n an
d de
fenc
e B
anki
ng a
nd in
sura
nce
Prof
essi
ng s
ervi
ces
Hot
els
and
rest
aura
nts
Com
mu
nica
tions
O
ther
ser
vice
s To
tal
-
24
1998
15
8,50
456
8,15
74,
125
653,
852
332,
525
11,4
3921
,208
51,2
2447
4,79
810
,929
669,
877
2,00
63,
763
79,1
7876
,894
572,
096
82,2
906,
918
59,5
3974
,954
,713
17
,502
373,
292
-
324,
714
275,
490
7,33
9
1997
12
2,37
044
2,41
73,
119
553,
521
259,
738
8,51
715
,793
38,8
8636
2,89
08,
188
503,
375
1,46
62,
774
60,5
6353
,491
444,
221
61,8
565,
100
44,2
6965
,263
,510
13
,258
290,
254
-
250,
054
215,
174
5,44
1
1996
92
,912
334,
841
2,39
540
6,16
019
5,70
86,
569
12,1
8929
,740
277,
525
6,30
938
4,85
11,
098
2,15
146
,164
39,7
8433
6,29
947
,542
3,95
234
,188
47,6
37,5
13
10,1
50
219,
837
-
190,
392
162,
132
4,21
3
Val
ue
adde
d in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
73
,161
264,
356
1,88
031
9,99
515
4,70
45,
170
9,57
42,
3391
219,
139
4,96
630
8,18
988
01,
693
36,3
3631
,804
265,
319
37,3
453,
106
26,8
3738
,756
,228
7,
985
173,
505
-
150,
271
128,
160
3,30
2
Val
ue
adde
d co
effic
ient
0.54
740.
4242
0.62
630.
5400
0.50
420.
5330
0.50
250.
6158
0.46
730.
6671
0.54
120.
4576
0.64
420.
5945
0.50
770.
5245
0.44
280.
4629
0.48
280.
4376
0.
1526
0.21
81
0.27
17
0.20
390.
1988
0.37
91
1998
28
9,55
81,
339,
361
6,58
71,
210,
838
659,
511
21,4
6142
,204
83,1
831,
016,
046
16,3
831,
237,
763
4,38
35,
842
133,
184
151,
456
1,09
0,74
518
5,84
014
,945
123,
319
171,
285,
907
114,
689
1,71
1,56
5
-
1,59
2,51
41,
385,
766
19,3
58
1997
22
3,54
71,
042,
943
4,98
01,
025,
039
515,
148
15,9
7931
,430
63,1
4777
6,56
812
,274
930,
110
3,20
44,
306
101,
873
105,
359
846,
942
139,
693
11,0
1991
,693
149,
139,
649
86,8
80
1,33
0,82
8
-
1,22
6,35
61,
082,
363
14,3
52
1996
16
9,73
378
9,34
73,
824
752,
148
388,
155
12,3
2424
,257
48,2
9559
3,89
19,
457
711,
107
2,39
93,
339
77,6
5278
,361
641,
180
107,
367
8,53
770
,812
108,
860,
861
66,5
15
1,00
7,96
2
-
933,
754
815,
555
11,1
13
Tota
l ou
tpu
t in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
13
3,65
162
3,18
83,
002
592,
583
306,
830
9,70
019
,052
37,9
8546
8,94
87,
444
569,
455
1,92
32,
629
61,1
2062
,644
505,
851
84,3
386,
710
55,5
8688
,565
,422
52
,329
795,
528
-
736,
985
644,
668
8,71
1
Tab
le 8
. Val
ue a
dded
in li
nked
sec
tors
due
to
incr
ease
in c
apit
al e
xpen
ses
by lo
an r
ecei
ving
sec
tors
(Tak
a)
Sec
tors
Padd
y W
heat
O
ther
gra
ins
Jute
Su
garc
ane
Pota
to
Veg
etab
les
Puls
es
Oils
eeds
Fr
uits
C
otto
n To
bacc
o Te
a M
ajor
spe
cies
O
ther
cro
ps
Live
stoc
k Po
ultr
y Sh
rim
p O
ther
fish
Fo
rest
ry
Ric
e m
illin
g A
ta a
nd fl
our
mill
ing
Fish
and
sea
fo
od p
roce
ssin
g E
dibl
e oi
l Su
gar
and
gur
Tea
(pro
cess
ing
&
blen
ding
) [T
able
8 c
ontin
ued
...]
-
25
1998
1,
919,
464
1,92
1,80
4
4,45
5
27,9
31 0029
3,03
855
6,15
01,
024,
704
250 00
00
00
5,75
713
,897 00
36,1
70,6
27
34,2
66,4
00
12,3
09,2
82
15,9
73,2
84
420,
062
58,2
21
1997
1,
565,
227
1,51
5,45
6
3,48
0
22,0
52 0023
3,58
441
6,87
276
8,87
217
9 00
00
00
4,45
910
,343 00
30,1
09,9
44
28,6
25,9
40
9,77
1,12
1
12,0
13,3
64
309,
843
45,0
98
1996
1,
167,
309
1,13
9,60
9
2,62
5
16,6
50 0017
4,74
631
8,92
158
9,23
514
2 00
00
00
3,39
07,
715 00
22,5
14,6
42
21,3
86,9
16
7,40
2,27
6
9,28
2,39
8
236,
049
34,2
18
Val
ue
adde
d in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
92
5,07
189
8,97
0
2,05
9
12,9
37 0013
7,54
625
4,22
646
9,73
910
9 00
00
00
2,66
86,
146 00
21,6
94,2
07
20,7
49,3
05
6,54
0,26
8
7,48
3,67
0
185,
214
27,0
53
Val
ue
adde
d co
effic
ient
0.88
900.
2650
0.11
58
0.30
570.
1263
0.20
200.
2536
0.28
140.
2020
0.50
82
0.18
72
0.20
01
0.35
230.
4763
0.56
86
0.42
21
0.22
31
0.26
74
0.42
96
0.32
21
0.12
22
1998
2,
159,
127
7,25
2,09
1
38,4
67
91,3
66 001,
450,
683
2,19
3,01
93,
641,
449
1,24
7 00
00
00
16,3
4129
,177 00
85,6
92,0
80
154,
841,
390
46,0
33,2
18
37,1
81,7
58
1,30
4,13
4
476,
441
1997
1,
760,
660
5,71
8,70
2
30,0
51
72,1
36 001,
156,
357
1,64
3,81
92,
732,
311
983 00
00
00
12,6
5721
,716 00
71,3
33,6
76
129,
353,
546
36,5
41,2
14
27,9
64,0
68
961,
946
369,
052
1996
1,
313,
059
4,30
0,41
1
22,6
72
54,4
66 0086
5,08
11,
257,
577
2,09
3,94
270
9 00
00
00
9,62
116
,197 00
53,3
39,5
94
96,6
42,1
86
27,6
82,4
08
21,6
07,0
71
732,
844
280,
015
Tota
l ou
tpu
t in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
1,
040,
575
3,39
2,34
0
17,7
83
42,3
18 0068
0,92
31,
002,
468
1,66
9,29
254
7 00
00
00
7,57
412
,903 00
51,3
95,8
94
93,7
60,9
79
24,4
58,7
45
17,4
20,0
89
575,
020
221,
383
[...T
able
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ecto
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Salt
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extil
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able
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...]
-
26
1998
43
,345
,992
19,6
18,4
94
4,52
6
16,5
51
9,73
4,74
6
19,3
99,5
36
7,24
3,95
5
222,
706,
083
197,
469,
231
112,
221,
818
16,5
68,9
75
23,9
17,8
09
19,6
56,5
3442
7,80
6,19
9 00
8,62
1
18,8
31
1997
32
,382
,934
15,3
46,0
23
3,54
2
12,2
37
6,65
2,74
2
16,9
62,4
52
6,05
2,02
4
171,
479,
352
162,
966,
286
76,2
43,9
31
12,0
30,6
63
18,3
35,9
48
14,6
47,6
3838
7,46
5,87
2 00
7,51
6
15,1
78
1996
25
,105
,132
11,6
29,9
87
2,66
9
9,44
2
5,38
8,91
6
12,2
52,8
38
4,41
6,89
1
130,
696,
449
122,
891,
420
61,9
26,3
03
9,05
0,54
3
13,8
31,7
93
11,3
35,3
1227
8,17
9,76
9 00
5,48
2
11,3
77
Val
ue
adde
d in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
19
,854
,791
9,24
8,39
1
2,10
8
7,46
8
4,27
9,42
1
9,47
9,95
1
3,43
5,38
4
100,
064,
602
89,5
20,0
79
49,2
11,5
73
6,93
0,54
6
11,0
30,3
23
8,98
9,49
221
4,41
5,68
9 00
4,46
4
9,74
6
Val
ue
adde
d co
effic
ient
0.19
71
0.42
77
0.38
76
0.30
52
0.42
74
0.48
37
0.21
69
0.19
23
0.41
38
0.18
54
0.53
97
0.47
97
0.40
620.
5714
0.21
70
0.42
12
0.32
81
1998
22
4,94
0,28
0
45,8
69,7
55
11,6
78
54,2
31
22,7
76,6
63
40,1
06,5
45
33,3
97,6
74
158,
117,
955
477,
209,
356
605,
295,
676
30,7
00,3
43
50,7
70,1
31
48,3
91,2
7074
8,69
8,28
3 00
20,4
67
57,3
95
1997
16
8,04
8,43
9
35,8
80,3
43
9,13
9
40,0
95
15,5
65,6
10
35,0
68,1
24
27,9
02,3
70
891,
723,
097
393,
828,
628
411,
240,
188
22,2
91,3
90
38,9
21,5
63
36,0
60,1
6267
8,09
9,18
0 00
17,8
44
46,2
59
1996
13
0,28
0,91
1
27,1
91,9
26
6,88
6
30,9
38
12,6
08,6
00
25,3
31,4
83
20,3
63,7
19
679,
648,
723
296,
982,
648
334,
014,
580
16,7
69,5
81
29,3
60,6
30
27,9
05,7
4048
6,83
8,93
8 00
13,0
16
34,6
74
Tota
l ou
tpu
t in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
10
3,03
4,72
1
21,6
23,5
46
5,43
8
24,4
68
10,0
12,6
84
19,5
98,8
24
15,8
38,5
90
520,
356,
745
216,
336,
585
265,
434,
592
12,8
41,4
79
23,4
13,9
74
22,1
30,7
0537
5,24
6,21
8 00
10,5
97
29,7
03
[...T
able
8 c
ontin
ued
] S
ecto
rs
Oth
er c
hem
ical
s Pe
trol
eum
pr
odu
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Pott
ery
and
ea
rthe
nwar
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hina
and
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ram
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Gla
ss a
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lass
pr
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and
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rodu
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Cem
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Iron
and
ste
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basi
c in
dust
ry
Fabr
icat
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etal
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spor
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Urb
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Con
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s C
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R
ura
l roa
d C
onst
ruct
ion:
O
ther
tra
nspo
rt
[...T
able
8 c
ontin
ued
]
-
27
1998
87
,204
,920
33
,225
,731
31
,972
,539
34
,080
,054
202,
141,
687
88,6
81,4
92
11,5
69,2
58
1,09
0,55
3 1,
694,
211
27,4
83,5
36
57,3
80,8
47
19,1
34,5
05
538,
354
20,7
85,3
45
5,07
1,42
8
1,92
6,55
0,05
6
1997
57
,718
,073
25
,677
,195
24
,633
,124
27
,561
,290
164,
908,
398
70,2
51,8
38
9,18
2,43
3 81
9,95
8 1,
252,
929
19,7
29,2
12
42,4
28,1
45
12,8
57,5
46
400,
176
15,1
00,5
10
4,00
0,80
9
1,55
1,57
1,05
3
1996
42
,416
,874
19
,634
,114
18
,854
,679
20
,524
,376
122,
967,
484
52,7
12,1
98
6,86
0,81
6 63
3,41
0 97
4,34
2
14,7
17,6
35
3,30
7,00
7
9,50
7,64
4
309,
061
11,8
09,7
85
2,99
1,66
4
1,15
9,44
6,86
7
Val
ue
adde
d in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
34
,184
,007
15
,46,
288
14,5
97,9
42
15,8
68,1
06
97,4
54,5
82
41,5
70,9
34
5,44
2,46
8 48
7,85
9 75
5,40
2
11,7
15,7
07
25,8
78,1
52
7,63
4,96
5
242,
715
9,33
9,57
7 2,
370,
169
909,
885,
386
Val
ue
adde
d co
effic
ient
0.20
88
0.67
12
0.89
98
0.50
57
0.75
85
0.66
25
0.75
36
0.51
95
0.70
26
0.67
46
0.65
56
0.57
29
0.30
99
0.82
22
0.89
02 -
1998
41
7,64
8,08
3 49
,501
,983
35
,532
,939
67
,391
,842
266,
501,
894
133,
858,
856
15,3
51,9
87
2,09
9,23
6 2,
411,
346
40,7
40,4
92
87,5
24,1
71
33,3
99,3
81
1,73
7,18
7
25,2
80,1
56
5,69
6,95
4
5,19
7,21
4,06
8
1997
27
6,42
7,55
3 38
,255
,655
27
,376
,222
54
,501
,266
217,
413,
841
106,
040,
510
12,1
84,7
57
1,57
8,36
0 1,
783,
275
29,2
45,7
93
64,7
16,5
12
22,4
42,9
15
1,29
1,30
7
18,3
65,9
82
4,49
4,28
1
4,06
9,33
6,56
7
1996
20
3,14
5,94
9 26
,252
,256
20
,954
,300
40
,586
,070
162,
119,
293
79,5
65,5
82
9,10
4,05
5 1,
219,
268
1,38
6,76
6
21,8
16,8
32
50,3
92,0
18
16,5
95,6
44
997,
292
14,3
63,6
40
3,36
0,66
5
3,06
8,63
1,49
0
Tota
l ou
tpu
t in
diff
eren
t ye
ars
1995
16
3,71
6,50
8 23
,06,
782
16,2
23,5
40
31,3
78,4
98
128,
483,
299
62,7
48,5
79
7,22
1,95
9 93
9,09
3 1,
075,
152
17,3
66,8
95
3,94
7,24
71
13,3
26,8
72
783,
204
11,3
59,2
52
2,66
2,51
3
2,41
5,77
5,18
0
[...T
able
8 c
ontin
ued
] S
ecto
rs
Oth
er c
onst
ruct
ions
E
lect
rici
ty
Gas
M
inin
g an
d qu
arry