research collaboration_ a chain reaction - paperhive magazine
TRANSCRIPT
22/7/2016 Research Collaboration: a Chain Reaction PaperHive Magazine
https://magazine.paperhive.org/researchcollaborations/ 1/6
Research Collaboration: a ChainReactionTOPICS: Aristotelian Method Babylonians Collaboration
Galileo Galilei Mathematics: The Loss Of Certainty
Morris Kline Research Scienti c Method
Thales Of Miletus
Universum - C. Flammarion, Holzschnitt, Paris 1988
POSTED BY: MANUEL BLÁUAB MAY 7, 2016
Collaboration in research has been an essential elementin developing new technologies throughout theentire human history. Passing on knowledge fromgeneration to generation, each of which learningand improving it, is a never ending chain reaction ofcollaboration.
In the 17th century, John Donne, (one of the rstmetaphysical poets), published Devotions Upon EmergentOccasions, containing one of the most famous passages inEnglish literature: “No man is an island entire of itself;
SEE ALSO ON PAPERHIVE.ORG
LATEST PAPERHIVE MAGAZINECONVERSATIONS
POSTED BY: LISA MATTHIAS MAY19, 2016
PaperHiveConversations:Molly WallaceMolly Wallace is an AssociateProfessor at Queen’sUniversity, Canada. In thepast, she has been publishedin ISLE: InterdisciplinaryStudies in Literature andEnvironment, ContemporaryLiterature, Cultural Critique,and symplokē. Her mostrecent work, Risk Criticism,…
IN THE MARGIN FOOTNOTES PAPERHIVE CONVERSATIONS PAPERHIVE.ORG
SEARCH …
22/7/2016 Research Collaboration: a Chain Reaction PaperHive Magazine
https://magazine.paperhive.org/researchcollaborations/ 2/6
every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main[…]”.
Around the same century, Italian visionary GalileoGalilei fashioned its own scienti c method and,according to Morris Kline in Mathematics: The Loss ofCertainty, laid the groundwork for modern science byabandoning the Aristotelian method of seeking a physicaland not mathematical explanation and proof of events.
Modern science received an important push by Galileo’swork. While his breakthroughs were indeed the result ofhis genius, they were also supported by the work of otherphilosophers, mathematicians, and even alchemists fromthe past.
The Chain Reaction of Research | Before and After Aristotle
Methods of understanding nature before and afterAristoteles were different (400BC). The Edwin SmithPapyrus, for example, is the oldest medical documentknown. It describes several types of traumas and tumorsand it is believed to be a copy from a previousdocument possibly written by Imhotep, during the theOld Kingdom era in Egypt, 3000–2500 BC.
The Edwin Smith Papyrus explains in detail every knownwound and trauma. Every aspect isdescribed and analysed with precisio. In addition, athorough guidance for the identi cation andtreatments of wounds is offered. Thanks to the New YorkHistorical Society, the Brooklyn Museum and thetranslation of James Henry Breasted, we have a betterunderstanding of the Ancient Egypt medical caremethods.
The oldest evidence of developments in mathematicscomes from around 20,000 years ago on the riversides ofthe Nile River. It is a bone, the Ishango Bone, with a seriesof marks carved alongside resembling what can beinterpreted as calculations with numbers or some sort ofa lunar calendar.
Share this:
READ MORE
ALSO ON PAPERHIVE MAGAZINE
MAY 15,2016
PaperHiveConversations: Maryna Viazovska
MAY 11,2016
PaperHiveConversations: Professor JamesTully
MAY 9, 2016
Comunes:SharingEconomy
And Free Culture
MAY 7, 2016
Research
Collaboration: a Chain Reaction
MAY 3, 2016
PaperHive
Conversations: Ines Hasselberg
1
22/7/2016 Research Collaboration: a Chain Reaction PaperHive Magazine
https://magazine.paperhive.org/researchcollaborations/ 3/6
The evidence supported by the Plimpton 322, a clay tabletwith 15 rows and 4 columns in cuneiform script,reveals that Babylonians knew about the Pythagoreantriple almost a thousand years before the Greek. Studiessuggest that the table is from 1800 BC and belonged to anancient Babylonian mathematician.
The Ancient Greeks improved mathematics up to a pointthat some of their theorems are still in use today. ThePythagorean triple has been in use for more than 2500years now: by builders, sailors, ballistic experts, and evencrime investigators.
But it was Aristotle, (384–322 BC) who created FormalLogic and thus the rst to use a structured scienti cmethod described in his studies in logic, Analytica Priora.This method remained unsurpassed until 19th
century. Modern science is based upon two conceptsintroduced in the AristotelianMethod: observation and measurement. Inductionis than used to obtain knowledge.
Aristotle’s work set the beginning of a new erafor science in Greece that continued in the Roman Empire.Though, after the fall of Rome in the 5th century manydocuments were either lost, or stored in monasteriesaway from society.
It was the Muslim scholars who translated Aristotle’sworks in Arabic after their expansion between 7 – 8th
century throughout North Africa and Europe. Because theQ’uran encourages the accumulation of knowledge,Muslims created the House of Wisdom in Baghdad in thebegining of 9th century and stored there as many AncientGreek works in mathematics and astronomy as bepossible. Mathematician, Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi(780-850 A.D.) adapted and popularized the DecimalPositional Number System.
In 11th century almost every available document from theGreeks was already translated and preserved in Arabic.Europeans started to open the frontiers with theirneighbors, the beginning of the end of the Dark Ages. The
PAPERHIVE ON FACEBOOK
PAPERHIVE ON TWITTER
You and 2 other friends like this
PaperHive
Migrants and Refugees in the Past and Nowand our Recommended read for today onPaperHive "Making Refuge" by CatherineBesteman | Manuel Bláuab
1 hr
Nomad Neighbors | Refugees Actual circumstances compel new meanings
MAGAZINE.PAPERHIVE.ORG
PaperHive355 likes
Liked
22/7/2016 Research Collaboration: a Chain Reaction PaperHive Magazine
https://magazine.paperhive.org/researchcollaborations/ 4/6
legacy of Ptolemy, Aristotle and Euclid was soon toreturn to Europe thanks to Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187 A.D.), the Italian translator who found severaldocuments by Greek thinkers in Toledo, Spain andtranslated them into Latin.
Probably less than a century later, Roger Bacon, (1220-1290 A.D.), studied Aristotle in Latin and became one ofthe nest lecturers of his doctrine in Oxford University.Subsequently, Aristotle’s ideas spread and lead to anoutburst of new possibilities in science, art and politics.The Renaissance didn’t start in the 14th century butlong before.
What we call Modern Science is the speci c result of directand indirect collaboration among researchers andthinkers throughout centuries. Without Aristotle thework of Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, AlbertEinstein and Stephen Hawking may have never existed.
Just as in the Butter y Effect Theory any movement, nomatter how little it is, might alter the rest of the worldin an irreversible manner.
No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main;
if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as
well as any manner of thy friends or of thine own were; any man’s death diminishes me,
because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom
the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.
John Donne – Meditation 17 Devotions upon EmergentOccasions
Embed View on Twitter
Tweets by @paperhive
PaperHiveRetweeted
Want to #RecognizeReview? Be part of #PeerRevWk16.and join @Publons at the event! ow.ly/hZh4302uQmB
Digital Science @digitalsci
22/7/2016 Research Collaboration: a Chain Reaction PaperHive Magazine
https://magazine.paperhive.org/researchcollaborations/ 5/6
Share this:
Previous post Next post
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Comunes:SharingEconomy AndFree Culture
PaperHiveConversations:MeredithMorovati
PaperHiveConversations:Andrew Preston
PaperHiveConversations:Jyoti Puri
PaperHiveConversations:Ines Hasselberg
PaperHiveConversations:Professor JamesTully
Edit Related Posts
6
Related
PaperHiveConversations:Meredith Morovati
Maryna Viazovskaand the nalsolution for theSphere PackingProblem inDimension 8 and 24
PaperHiveConversations:Maryna Viazovska
July 6, 2016In "PaperHiveConversations"
May 1, 2016In "Footnotes"
May 15, 2016In "PaperHiveConversations"
22/7/2016 Research Collaboration: a Chain Reaction PaperHive Magazine
https://magazine.paperhive.org/researchcollaborations/ 6/6
Manuel BláuabEditor-in-Chief Manuel Bláuab is a
journalist and writer from Argentina. Has
worked in radio, newspapers, theater and
online publications since early 2000's.
PAPERHIVE MAGAZINE © | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | CONTACT US |