research chatedrals and chastles berindeanu daniel ionut

7/29/2019 RESEARCH CHATEDRALS AND CHASTLES BERINDEANU DANIEL IONUT

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RESEARCH Berindeanu Daniel Ionu 21B

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GLOUCHESTER

CATHEDRAL

1.ethereal

adjective, heavenly, characterized by

lightness and insubstantiality, intangible

e.g. "combination of massive grandeur and

ethereal grace"

romanian translation:

2.derelictionnoun, the act ob abandoning,

abandonmnent, willful neglect;

e.g."saved from dereliction by Henry..."

romanian translation:dezintegrare,

3.episcopal seenoun, the official seat of a bishop, contextualsense reffers to the town in wich are the seat of

the bishop

e.g."we have decreed that the site of the said

monastery be an episcopal see"

romanian translation: resedinta eparhial,episcopal

4.abbey church

noun,abbey, monastic house, especially amongBenedictines and Cistercians, consisting of notless than 12 monks or nuns ruled by an abbotor abbess.

e.g."Ethelfleda was burried in the abbey

church"

romanian translation: aprox. biserica de

schit

5.stone vaultnoun, a vault made from blocks of stone, soshaped or cut that when assembled they forma tightly wedged and stable construction

whose weight can be concentrated upon theproper supports

e.g."the nave was given a new stone vault

..."

romanian translation:bolta de piatra(arta

prin care se construieste se numeste

stereotomie)

6.lierne vault

noun, A vault in which lierne ribs are used

lierne: an arch of hewn v-shaped stones thatstrengthens the ribs of a cross vaulting madeof small stones. The use of the lierne in Gothicarchitecture was one of the first examples ofthe division of a construction into a strongframework and a light filler.

e.g."Here we can see soaring columns, a

great lierne vault ninety-two feet above the

floor..."

romanian translation: bolta cu nervuri

7.cloistersnoun, unroofed space forming part of areligious establishment and surrounded by thevarious buildings or by enclosing walls.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/vaulthttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/vault


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Generally, it is provided on all sides with avaulted passageway consisting of continuouscolonnades or arcades opening onto a court

e.g."and the north transept remodelled,

work began on the cloisters"

romanian translation:schituri,

8.fan vaultingnoun, a series or system of fan vaults

e.g."with the first signifiant fan vaulting in the

country"

romanian translation:bolt n evantai

9.triforia

noun, a gallery of arches above the side-

aisle vaulting in the nave of a church

e.g." ..the bridge which links the north and

south triforia whispering gallery"

romanian translation:triforium

10. shrinenoun, a place of religious devotion or

commemoration

e.g."There was no shrine here to despoil"

romanian translation:memorial, cenotaf,mormant

11. pulpitumnoun, the tribune of an orator.

e.g."..though the medieval pulpitum wasdestroyed and replaced..."

romanian translation:zon nnlat din faa

altarului de unde se predic n bisericilecatolice

12. mistericords

noun, carvings in Gothic churches that adornchoir stalls provided for the use of the clergyduring services

e.g."Among other features are a series of

mistericords and, in the south transept..."

romanian translation: sculpturi care

impodobesc traveele corului, in bisericile

gotice

13. apprenticenoun,apprenticeship, system of learning a craft ortrade from one who is engaged in it and of payingfor the instruction by a given number of years ofworkThe apprentice would bind himself to work for themaster for a given time. After that time he wouldbecome a journeyman, working for a master forwages, or he set up as a master himself.

e.g."and is reckoned to commemorate aapprentice who fell to his death while working

on the vault above"

romanian translation: ucenic, novice,

nceptor.

14. reredos

noun, ornamented wall or screen that rises

behind the high altar of a church, forming abackground for it
http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=bolt%C4%83http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=bolt%C4%83http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=%C3%AEnhttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=evantaihttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=evantaihttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/tribunehttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/tribunehttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=evantaihttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=%C3%AEnhttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=bolt%C4%83


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e.g."including Scott's reredos behind the high

altar"

romanian translation: catapeteasm,iconostas

YORK CATHEDRAL

1.scaffold

noun,a temporary structure for holding workers a

nd materials duringthe erection, repair, or decorati

on of a building.

e.g." I first saw it without scaffolding in its full glory"

romanian translation:schel

2.clerestorynoun,a portion of an interior rising above adjacentroofto

ps and having windows admitting daylight to the i

nterior.

e.g. " Norman cathedral and which are incorpored in

windows in the north of the nave and in the south

clerestory "

noun, pluralclerestories.

romanian translation: lucarna, vitraj aflat la

nivel superior

3.piere.g."with their soaring piers, clusterred..."

noun1.a support of masonry, steel, or the like for sustai

ning verticalpressure.

2..a long passageway or corridor that extends from

a central areaof a building, especially one at an ai

rport that leads to boardinggates.

romanian translation: pil,stvilar.

4.shaft

noun1.a.that part of a column or pier between the base

and capital.See diag. under column.

b.any distinct, slender, vertical masonry feature engaged in awall or pier and usually supporting or fe

igning to support anarch or vault.
http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=catapeteazm%C4%83http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=catapeteazm%C4%83http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=catapeteazm%C4%83http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/columnhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/columnhttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=catapeteazm%C4%83


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.

2.any well-

like passage or vertical enclosed space, as in a

building: an elevator shaft.

.

e.g."clustered rounded shafts, and collumns of

Purbeck marble"

romanian translation: sgeat, bolta intersectat,

fus

5.chapter house

e.g."At the end of the thirtenth century York

aquired its chapter-house"

nouna building attached to or a hall forming part of aca

thedral or monastery, used as a meeting place for t

hechapter.

romanian translation:consistoriu; incapere unde

se iau hotarari bisericesti, de sinod

6.intricately carved canopy

stalls

e.g. "This has no central column, but all around are

marvellous and intricately carved canopy stalls "

stall

noun1.a compartment in a stable or shed

romanian translation: travee

intricate

adjective1.having many interrelated parts or facets; entangl

ed or involved:an intricate maze.

Synonyms1. knotty, tangled, labyrinthine.

romanian translation:nclcit, complex

canopy

noun,an ornamental, rooflike projection or coveri

ng.

romanian translation: baldachin

carve

verb (used with object)1.to cut (a solid material) so as to form something:

to carve a pieceof pine.

2.to form from a solid material by cutting: to carv

e a statue out ofstone.

romanian translation: a sculpta

7.tracery

e.g. "It is known as the 'Heart of York' because the

tracery at the top suggests the shape of a heart"

noun, plural1.ornamental work consisting of ramified ribs, bar

s, or the like, asin the upper part of a Gothic wind

ow, in panels, screens, etc.

romanian translation:ornamenttraforat

8.grisaille

noun,a work ofart, as a painting or stained-

glass window, executed ingrisaille.

e.g.".. it is the best example in England of that

gently coloured glass known as grissaile"

romanian translation: vitraliu colorat cu tente

pale

9.diocese

noun, ancient Rome, originally (beginning in the first

century B.C.) a municipal district; during the principate,
http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=s%C4%83geat%C4%83http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=s%C4%83geat%C4%83http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=ornamenthttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=ornamenthttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=traforathttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=traforathttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=traforathttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arthttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arthttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=traforathttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=ornamenthttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=s%C4%83geat%C4%83


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part of a province. From the period of Diocletian, at the

end of the third century A.D., the diocese was a large

administrative unit including several (up to 16)

provinces. A total of 12 dioceses (later 15) were

formed. The vicarius, who was subordinate to

the praefectus praetorio, headed the diocese

e.g. "..the cathedral church not only of the diocese of

York, but also...."

romanian translation: eparhie ,dioceza

CASTLES

noun,

large fortified place; a fort or group of

forts, often including a town; citadel

e.g. "Edward it's a great chain of fortress in North

Wales..."

romanian translation: "lan de cetate"

2. gatehouse

Noun,a building above

or beside an entrance

gate to a city, university,

monastery etc., often

housing a porter or

guard, or (formerly) used

as a fortification

e.g. "the near impregnable gatehouse which

is so characteristic a feature of the

Edwardian fortress..."

romanian translation: poarta aflata la

intrarea intr-o cetate, manastire,

castel fortificata, incorporata intr-un

corp al ansamblului in care se face

accesul

3.moatnoun, a deep wide ditch, usually filled
http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=diocezahttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=diocezahttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=diocezahttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=dioceza


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with water, typically surrounding afortified medieval town, fortress, orcastle as a protection against assault.e.g. "... another stone circuit and moatbeyound it"

romanian

translation:

"an de

aprare"

4.

noun,The space enclosed by the outer wall of acastle.

e.g. "...standing at the south-east corner of tre innerbailey..."

romanian translation: curte interioar ncastele feudale

5.noun,a facing of masonry or the like, es

pecially for protecting an embankment.

e.g."planned concentric castre

...revetted in stone"

romanian translation: finisaj de

protectie din piatra

6. garrison

noun,military personnel, soldiery, troops -

soldiers collectively

e.g. "to promote the fire-power and the

mobility of the garrison"

romanian translation:garnizoan

7. chamber

noun , aroom in a house, especially abedroom.

e.g. "there was good accommodation in manytower chambers"

romanian translation: odaie

other meanings:- chambers A room in which a judge mayconsult privately with attorneys or hear casesnot taken into court.- chambers Chiefly BritishA suite of rooms,especially one used by lawyers.- A hall for the meetings of a legislative orother assembly.- A legislative or judicial body.-. A board or council.-. A place where municipal or state funds arereceived and held; a treasury.

8. mural tower

noun,In a medieval fortification, one of a

number of towers built along a curtain wall,

usualy made from stone

e.g."each of the mural towers along the outer

curtain wall...."

romanian translation:turn de piatra

9.arrow slit

noun,a vertical slit for archers in medievalfortification walls, with jambs deeply splayed

toward the interior.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/military+personnelhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/military+personnelhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/soldieryhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/troopshttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/curtain%20wallhttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/curtain%20wallhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/troopshttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/soldieryhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/military+personnel


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e.g. "the great inner curtain ... is pierced by

arrow slits backing onto embrasures alog its

lenght , with drum towers..."

romanian translation: gauri lasate in

perete pentru a proteja arcaii care tragdin incinta

10.embrasure

noun,the opening in a wall or parapet,especially one through which a gun is fired..The crenels or intervals between the merlonsof a battlement.

embrasure: B

e.g. "the great inner curtain ... is pierced by

arrow slits backing onto embrasures alog its

lenght , with drum towers..."

romanian translation: creneluri,

11. drum towerA round tower whose diameter is greater thanits height.

12.

noun

1.a small tower, usually one forming pa

rt of a larger structure.

2.a small tower at an angle of a buildin

g, as of a castle or fortress,frequently b

eginning some distance above the grou

nd.

e.g. "with central turrets against thewall-walk"


turel,turnule

13.

Noun,a gateway permitting the passage of a large number of troops ata time.

e.g. " a small sally-port in the north-west curtain..."


poarta de acces pentru trupe, pentrumase de oameni

14.banded masonry

noun,stone masonry that have thin and nearly

parallel bands of different textures, colors,

and minerals.

e.g. "parallel to the polygonal towers and

distinctive banded masonry"

romanian translation: zidrie stratificat

15. drawbridge

At the entrance of fortifications, a bridge overthe moat or ditch, hinged and provided with a

raising and lowering mechanism so as tohinder or permit passage.


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e.g. "after the drawbridge, there are no fewerthan five doors and six porticullises..."

romanian translation: punte rabatabila,

( in castelele medievale,se rabate peste

anul de aprare)

16. portcullisnoun, a defensivegrating, of massiveiron or timber,movable vertically inretaining groovescut in the jambs of afortified gateway.

e.g. "after thedrawbridge, thereare no fewer than

five doors and sixporticullises..."

romanian translation:gratii de fier,impiedica accesul in cetate

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