research article coconut products marketing problems in ... · pdf filethis study is conducted...

39

ISSN 2321-0516 (Online)

International Journal of Current Research and Development

Available Online at httpwwwjournalcrdcom

Research Article 2016 January Vol4 (1) 39 - 50 copy Copy Right 2016

Coconut Products Marketing Problems in Coimbatore District Venugopal P and P Sangeetha

PG amp Research department of Commerce Chikkanna Government Arts College

Tirupur - 641 602 Tamil Nadu India

Author E-mail vkvvidyalayagmailcom

Abstract

Coconut is important role play in human life It improves verity of eatable medical valuable and usable

products Coconut treersquos all parts are used for manufacturing products It increases employment developing

of cottage tiny and Taine sectors small scale industries and national and International economy Due to poor

rain fall and real estate business increases its productivity and coconut products productions are gradually

decreasing day by day These products are having sizable demand in home and export markets Even though

farmers coconut products manufacturers and exporters are facing some problems This study is conducted

based on these problems

Keywords Coconut tree product cottage export market farmer

Introduction

The coconut is a versatile fruit It is not only an integral part of cuisines from around the

world but also contains water that is consumed for its medicinal properties The history of the

coconut tree is as interesting as the fruit itself The coconut tree is a large and tall palm that exhibits

a height of approximately 30 m The tree has pinnate leaves each growing to a size of around 6 m

with pinnate approximately 90 cm long The palm bears polygamomonoecious flowers where both

male and female flowers blossom within the same inflorescence The palm displays both cross-

pollination as well as self-pollination The fruit borne is edible and the water within the kernel-

encasing is sweet The coconut palm can be found as far as Norway in the north where the

people have for centuries ensured that the seed germinates under the right created conditions It is

believed that the fruit and palm made their way into Hawaii on account of the deliberate efforts

made by Polynesian voyagers The name coconut it is believed was awarded to the palm and fruit

by Spanish and Portuguese explorers The name was derived from the Iberian El Coco which

referred to a mythical hairy monster The kernel and hair around the fruit probably generated the

connection The suffix nut was added to refer to the seed-bearing palm as most other tree seeds are

referred to in the English language The name stuck and today the whole world benefits from the

presence of the palm and fruit

History of Coconut

The coconut fruit and palm are believed to have their roots on South Asian soil Research

reveals that the palm is native to the Ganges Delta in Asia There are a number of studies that also

claim that the fruit has its origin in the northwestern region of South America There are a number

Venugopal and Sangeetha IJCRD 2016Vol 4 (1) 39 - 50

40

of fossil records that are being researched upon Some of the fossils found in New Zealand are

indicative of the fact that the palm thrived along the New Zealand coast as far back as 15 million

years ago In Asia research reveals that the fossils unearthed in Kerala the Land of Coconut Palm

are much older However the fossils found in Khulna Bangladesh are recognized as the oldest

The fruit has a special mention in the Mahawamsa texts of Sri Lanka too dating back to the 1st

century

Coconut Potentials

a) Coconut - production amp trade

Coconut palms have been called the tree of life because of the huge variety of uses They

are cultivated throughout the tropics for fiber and fuel but are best known as a food They are also

the seventh most important vegetable oil crop in the world

b) Role in National Economy

The annual contribution of the crop to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country is

estimated at more than Rs7 000 corers It also earns Foreign Exchange to the tune of Rs300 corers

annually from the export of coir and coir products More than 10 million people in the country

depend on coconut culture processing marketing and other trade activities related to this crop

c) Production and productivity in India

Coconut occupies a prominent position as an oil producing crop in our country Coconut

cultivation is on the increase every year in the Southern States though there are no perennial rivers

and the agriculture is dependent mostly on the monsoon rains Coconut is the perennial crop which

helps the farmer even if the monsoon fails There is a good demand for the Tall T x D and D x T

coconut seedlings which are produced with assistance from the Central and State Governments and

the Coconut Development Board to increase the area and production of coconut Area under

coconut in India is 194 million hectares with a production of 10 billion nuts The average

productivity in India is 5615 nutsha while the global productivity is only 5451 nutsha Thus India

leads in coconut productivity at the international level

Figure 1

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

19

95

-96

19

97

-98

19

99

-20

00

20

01

-20

02

20

03

-20

04

20

05

-20

06

20

07

-20

08

20

09

-20

10

20

11

-20

12

20

13

-20

14

Production (Millionnuts)

Productivity (Nutsper ha)


41

Area under coconut as well as production has been showing a steady increase during the last

five decades Area under coconut was 063 million ha during 1950-51 and increased to 191 million

ha during 1998-99 In 2005-06 it reached a record high of 1947 million ha But it came down to

1903 million ha in 2010-11 During the same period production increased from 3282 million nuts

to 14925 million nuts and productivity from 5238 nutsha to 7821 nutsha Growth over the period

1950-51 to 1998-99 was 20458 in area 35489 in production and 4931 in productivity In

2008-09 production and productivity also reached a record high of 158404 million nuts and 8179

kg ha respectively and in 2010-11 it declined to 1474356 million nuts and 7747 kgha2 The

tremendous increase in area production and productivity during the period can be attributed to

remunerative price availability of improved inputs including quality planting materials and the

results of developmental work initiated by the Coconut Development Board Then in 2010-11 the

reduced area under cultivation is due to coconut oil prices on the fall The rise in the price will lead

to an increasing trend again

d) Coconut production rising in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu accounted for 14 per cent of the coconut production in 1950-51 and this had

now risen to 28 per cent with a production of 2374 million nuts from about 407000 hectares

Water scarcity and labour shortage were the main factors that hindered further increase in the

cultivated area With coconut trees remaining largely unaffected by the tsunami there was a great

demand for coconut seedlings for large scale planting He said that scientists ought to carry out

resistance breeding work in collaboration with other coconut research stations in view of the entry

of eriophyid mite and wilt pests from Kerala into Tamil Nadu Labour-saving machinery and tools

especially coconut harvesters could overcome shortage of workers Production of coconut is

steadily increasing year by year in Tamil Nadu C Ramasamy Vice Chancellor Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University (TNAU) said here recently About 100 scientists of the University

participated in a two-day `Palm Scientists Meet organized to take stock of research projects

undertaken during the last two years and also to plan research strategies for the forthcoming years

Prof Ramasamy said that coconut occupied a special place in the economy of the State much

similar to rice The area under coconut cultivation and the number of nuts produced had been going

up

e) Coconut production in Coimbatore

At a seminar `Coconut for Health here recently experts and officials called for a change in

the mindset among doctors especially cardiologists and dialectologists on coconut oil They called

for eliminating the myth that the oil was bad for heart The meet was organized by the Coconut

Development Board and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to popularize coconuts and various

products made from it Experts and Government officials involved in coconut promotion spoke so

much in support of the crop that State Minister for Food Cooperation Pollachi V Jayaraman even

remarked that hereafter he would be tempted to use the oil even in dishes that actually did not need

it Inaugurating the meet Mr Jayaraman called upon the board to establish its office in Pollachi as

it was a big coconut region Former Minister for Backward Classes SM Velusamy called for

measures to help coconut growers avoid crisis and get good price for the product In his keynote

address former Vice-Chancellor of Manipal University BM Hegde blamed the medical campaign


42

against the oil on the myth created by the West decades ago Unfortunately the Government does

not seem to do much to do away with the myth Chairperson of Coconut Development Board

Minnie Mathew pointed out that coconut oil continued to be the largest used product despite the

odds faced by the growers such as mite attacks and fluctuating prices

f) Coconut producers in Coimbatore district

When compare to other district of Tamil Nadu huge number of coconut producer are there

in Coimbatore district at the same time 2 29 249 coconuts producers are there in the year of 2001

ndash 2002 it is gradually increased as 2 54364 producer in the following table shows that numbers of

coconut producer are there in district of Coimbatore

Figure 2

g) Cheaper substitutes

Prices come under pressure when cheaper substitutes are available and other oil prices fall

So we are not able to generate demand for coconut oil It had unique properties beneficial for

health State Commissioner for Agriculture Jagmohan Singh Raju attributed the West campaign

against coconut to their marketing strategy The US is a marketing society They made gold out of

dust and we made nothing out of the panacea (coconut oil) on hand

h) Coconut products

Primarily early stage coconuts are harvested from coconut trees for the purpose of coconut

water It is called Tender coconut The dried coconuts are harvested and stored until the fibrous

husks are completely dry Then they are dehusked by striking and twisting on to a steel spike that is

placed firmly in the ground This fiber is used to make coir For desiccated coconut coconut cream

oils and other processed forms shells of coconuts are split with a hatchet of knife and the white

meat is removed Oil is made from copra which is the dried meat of the coconut and can be milled

to produce cake or oil used in cosmetic industrial and medicinal products It is a source of lauric

acid used to make common detergents like soaps though its facing increasing competition from

other oils on the world market The shells are used for all manner of utensils vessels carvings and

even charcoal

210000

220000

230000

240000

250000

260000

No of coconuts Producers in Coimbatore

2005-06 to 2014-15 No of Producers


43

The following main products are produced from the coconut trees Tender Coconut Water

Copra Coconut Oil Raw Kernel Coconut Cake Coconut Toddy Coconut Shell based Products

Coconut Wood based Products Coconut Leaves and Coir Pith Other then these Coconut

Product are manufactured from the coconut like Activated carbon Ball copra Coconut Coconut

biscuit Coconut chips Coconut chutney powder Coconut honey Coconut husk Coconut husk

handicrafts Coconut jaggery Coconut jam Coconut milk and cream Coconut milk powder spray

dried Coconut oil Coconut oil - Medicated Coconut shell handicrafts Coconut shell ice cream

cups Coconut shell powder Coconut squash Coconut sweets Coconut vinegar Coconut water

concentrate Coconut water soda Coconut wood handicrafts Coir pith briquette Coir products

Copra Desiccated coconut Nata de cocoa Technology Source Tender coconut Tender coconut

Minimal processed Tender coconut snowball Tender coconut water ndash packed Theyal mix These

products manufacturers are availed required support from the local area Even though they are

facing many problems in production and marketing The researcher has conducted few coconut

products manufactures in Coimbatore city They expressed many problems in finance labour raw

material non-availability insufficient technology and training poor marketing etc So he concluded

that required study to give solution for their problems

Scope of the Study

It was observed that the studied under review were based on large samples at the macro level

with a limited scope of enquiry and had certain major deficiencies During the evaluation it was

found that these studies did not go into the aspects of performance of the coconut products

marketing a few traders (Sellers) on actual problems faced by coconut products marketing and

inland marketers and exporters Hence the purpose of the present work is assessing the problems in

coconut products marketing This study attempts to throw light on problems faced in coconut

products marketing Other wards the coconut products marketing are facing so many problems

relating to coconut product marketing A study in this regard is not done earlier Hence the

researcher attempted to undertake this present study

Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are given below

To study the growth of coconut products marketing in Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu

State

To study the marketing profile of coconut products in the Coimbatore city

To review the coconut products marketing problems of sample coconut products seller in

Coimbatore city

To offer suggestions for improving coconut products marketing and overcoming the

problems faced by coconut products seller in Coimbatore city

Statement of Problems

The coconut products sellers are facing innumerable problems and some observed by the

researcher as follows

Huge maintenance expenses are incurred by the sellers


44

The coconut products sellers are facing problems in getting good quality of coconut

products at cheaper rate in throughout the year

Central and state governments are not providing necessary assistance to all coconut

product sellers

Frequently coconut products prices are fluctuating without any reason

Perishable and unsold coconut products are not taken by distributor manufacturers

These problems need to be identified and addressed for suitable solution So that the coconut

product manufacturers may increase their productivity and they may produce different types of

coconut products If give solution for above said problems the coconut product manufacturers

small and big traders artisans and exporters may be benefited

Hypotheses

Hypothesis is a supposition of a proposition assumed for the sake of argument or a theory to

be proved or disproved by reference to fact and framing and testing hypothesis is a basic

requirement for a research work

Limitation of the Study

A study having a bearing on personal policies and practices are likely to subject to certain

constraints because of the nature of the subject itself A study which is based on the information

form records documents research files is further subject to limitation of the record information

Though an attempt has been made to the growth of coconut Products production customers

consumers salesmen suppliers tradershopkeepers and government officialsrsquo problems

tradershopkeepers financial problems and its prospects in Coimbatore city in depth the study

suffers from following limitations

The study is based upon the survey of opinion of traders and shopkeepers By using

appropriate sampling technique and hence subject to the limitations of any sample survey

The survey essentially relates to opinion on problems of traders and shopkeepers on

marketing coconut products

Hence other aspects of coconut marketersrsquo problems ie coconut producer coconut

product manufactures and coconut seller does not fall within the purview of this study

Methodology and Tools

a) Types of data

This research study is based on secondary and primary data

b) Secondary data

The researcher accessed the data available with Tamil Nadu Agriculture University

(TNAU) Azhiyar coconut research center Coimbatore District agriculture office Primary

agriculture centers (PAC) Coconut products production co-operative centers offices of the apex

bodies of foreign trade in India such as Export Promotion Councils a renowned research institute

under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Ministry of Agriculture Government of

India Coconut Development BoardThe researcher approached the embassies of the various

countries to collect the data regarding export of coconut and coconut products by them Bharathiar

University Coimbatore DrGRDamothiran College of Science Coimbatore PSG College of Arts


45

and Science Coimbatore and various websites were accessed by the researcher for collecting

secondary data

c) Primary data

The researcher designed a questionnaire for collecting primary data with the assistance of

selected coconut Products marketers Questions related to various aspects of source of coconut

products Items of products nature of the shop infrastructure facilities marketing methods

insurance marketing development assistance source of export and other facilities were

incorporated in the questionnaire The questionnaire was duly pre-tested and pilot studies were

undertaken The researcher collected the primary data through a questionnaire in person and met

150 sample coconut product marketers

d) Period of Study

India has been producing coconut product or 5 years from 2010-11 to 2014-15 Coconut

products during the5 year period are analyzed in this study

e) Preparation and Contents of the Questionnaire

The questionnaire consists of the following five parts

Part-I It is concerned with the personal data of the coconut product marketersrsquo place of purchase

identification of buyer method of delivery of goods and other relevant information Part-II It is

concerned with the profile of the coconut products marketers such as the size of the shop sources of

products and sources of sales persons main buyer and source of products knowledge terms of

credit and other related problems The coconut products - respondents are requested to give their

opinions related to the products availability modern infrastructure facilities for storage Part III It

contains questions related to coconut products availability suppliersrsquo credit terms mode delivery of

the goods and terms and conditions of goods return Part-IV It consists of questions related to

problems in maintaining coconut products marketers suppliers related problems customer related

problems sales men related problems etc They are requested to give their opinions related to the

problems they face in their shopstores

Part ndashV It consists of questions related to sources of both Home and export marketing and

procedural aspects of export documentation export credit schemes sources of export finance

Government marketing assistance and other marketing related questions

f) Pre-testing and Pilot study

The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the selected 15 respondents at random for the

purpose of the pilot study The coconut productsrsquo marketers suggestions related to the construction

of the questionnaire were carefully assessed and incorporated suitably to make the questionnaire a

comprehensive data collection tool

g) Sampling Scheme

The survey was conducted by applying the single stage sampling technique in the

case of coconut product marketers Considering the size of the population and availability of time

and cost of collecting the data the following sample design was used

h) Field Work Data Collection and Processing of Data

Of the Coimbatore city in Tamil Nadu data were collected from Coimbatore district traders

association In this center entire Coimbatore district traders and shopkeepers is member in this


46

association The investigator issued 175 questionnaires but received only 157 questionnaires but 7

questionnaires were rejected due to insufficient information So 150 questionnaires were taken for

analysis

The researcher himself approached the shopkeeper salesmen and sales managers in person

in getting the questionnaires filled in entire Coimbatore city These shops are small and big and few

shops are having own coconut products manufacturing units within the Coimbatore district In

addition to the survey conducted the researcher has applied the observation technique and the

interview technique extensively for this study

i)Tools of Analysis

The following statistical tools were employed to analyze and interpret the data

(i) Compound Growth Rate

By taking year as independent variable and coconut production productivity as dependent

variable the function

Yt = ABte

u is fitted where

Yt = coconut production productivity

t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term

By taking log on both sides the following form was arrived

Ln Yt = ln A + t ln B + e

Putting ln A = a ln B = b ln Yt = yt then

yt = a + b t + e

The linear function is fitted by the method of least square Then the compound growth rate was

estimated as CGR= (Anti-log of B-1) 100 and expressed as rate of change per year

(ii) Trend equation for coconut production productivity

A linear trend equation of the following form was fitted

Yt = B0 t+B1 t +B2 t +B3 t +e Where


B0 = constant

B1 t B2 t amp B3 t = trend coefficients

e = error term

t = time points namely 1234 5 for 2005-2006 TO 2009-2010 and 2010-2011

TO 2014-2015 respectively

e = error term

The analysis statistical packages have been used

3 Percentage analysis diagrams Testing hypothesis bar charts and pie charts are used in this

study

(iii) Framework of Analysis

The collected data were processed with due care and attention and the tabulation done based

on the nature and size of the data gathered Relevant statistical tools were used for


47

analysisStatistical tools such as percentage analysis statistical summary such as mean standard

deviation coefficient of variation compound growth rate trend analysis tests of significance based

on F-statistics and time series forecast model have been used to analyze and interpret the data CGR

has been used to find the export growth during periods

Findings of the Study

The researcher has submitted the following findings from his research work

The coconut production growth is increasing trend in the study area

Most (42) of the sample respondents are marketing coconut products between 41-50 years

of age groups

Majority (80) of the male sample respondents are marketing coconut products

Most (41 ) of the Graduates sample respondents are marketing coconut products

Majority (68) of the sample respondents family members are working in own shop

(coconut products market) up to 2 members

Majority (65) of the sample respondents are staying in own house

Majority (60) of the sample respondents are saying 5-6 members in their family

Majority (53) of the sample respondents family members are studying

Majority (55) of the sample respondents are retailers (shopkeeper)

Majority (53) of the sample respondents are having sole trading shop

Majority (53) of the sample respondents are purchasing coconut products form

commission agent

Majority (63) of the sample respondents are purchasing coconut products on credit basis

Majority (63) of the sample respondents are paid their dues on part by part

Majority (61) of the sample respondents are selling mixed products (ie coconut products

with other products)

Majority (51) of the sample respondents are selling eatable coconut products

Majority (65) of the sample respondents are sold eatable coconut products in time

Majority (65) of the sample respondents are availing profit between 21-30 percent from

MRP rate

Majority (61) of the sample respondents are getting sufficient profit

Most (40) of the sample respondents are expressed that 0-10 persons are working in the

business

Majority (70) of the sample respondents are recruiting workers their familyrsquos members

Majority (93) of the sample respondents are working in shift system

Majority (83) of the sample respondents are working 12 hours per day

Most (46) of the coconut products sellers are drawing between Rs5001-6000 for 12 hours

shift

Majority (83) of the sample respondents are getting more than minimum wage

Majority (91) of the sample respondents are expressed that they are offering monetary and

not monetary benefits for their workers


48

Majority (83) of the sample respondents are getting sales commission with salary and

festival bonus

Majority (100) of sample respondents are expressed that they are availing casual leave one

day per month with salary

Majority (90) of the sample respondents are selling their goods both cash and credit

Majority (81) of the sample respondents are allowed credit sales

Majority (53) of the sample respondents are allowed credit period between 46- 60 days

Majority (92) of the sample respondents are expressed that bad debts are raised

Majority (54) of the sample respondents are expressed that the bad debts are raised

between Rs10 001 -15000

Majority (63) of the sample respondents are earning profit from coconut products selling

Majority (55) of the sample respondents are adjusting their business loss from capital

account

Majority (61) of the sample respondents are invested capital between Rs3 00001-4

00000

Most (33) of the sample respondents are barrowed their capital from moneylenders

Majority (54) of the sample respondents are availing subsidy between Rs10 001 -15000

Majority (55) of the sample respondents are paying interest between 21-25percent

Majority (65) of the sample respondents are feeling about paying abnormal rate of interest

to their borrowed loan

Majority (77) of the sample respondents are needed working capital for run their business

Most (39) of the sample respondents are barrowing their working capital from

moneylenders

Majority (73) of the sample respondents are having regular customers in their business

Majority (75) of the sample respondents are not returning goods to sellers

Majority (53) of the sample respondents are displaying in their shop sales returned goods

for resale

Majority (55) of the sample respondents are retailing of coconut products

Majority (55) of the sample respondents are saying high sales volume in first week of the

month

Most (44) of the sample respondents are earning high volume profit in export

Suggestions

The following suggestions are made based on the findings of the present study

1 Graduates are marketing the coconut products So the government of Tamil nadu may

organize innovative coconut products training programme for young graduates It will

increase employment new products and export marketing

2 The coconut products seller are buying credit basis from commission agents This type of

purchasing is reducing retailerrsquos profit Behalf of this they may stat coconut product

manufacturing unit to earn more profit

3 The coconut product sellers may sell goods to right buyer to avoid bad debts


49

4 The coconut product seller may barrow required loan from commercial and co-operative

banks

5 Coconut product sellers may do weekly market sales whole sale and export It will increase

products

6 The central and state governments may provide subsidy schemes loan priority and frequent

training programme They may encourage coconut products export marketing It will

increase foreign money

Conclusion

The present research study analyzed the problems of coconut products marketing in the

Coimbatore city It also analyzed what are the problems faced by coconut products sellers Capital

and working capital sales man coconut product supply in time consumer demand and taste are

major factors affects coconut products and marketing promotional activities It reviewed problems

of coconut cultivation coconut goods manufacturers and exporters in India Tamil Nadu coconut

production from the period 1905-06 to 2014-15 is also analyzed in this study It is main source of

raw material for coconut production It is primary factor of coconut products manufacturing and

marketing Without coconut production there is no coconut products and marketing

Reference

SS Johl and TR Kapur fundamental of form business management Ludhiana Kalyani Publishers

1971 p 95

K Koutsoyiannis modern micro economics London Macmillan publication ltd 1979 p 107

BR Choyal financial management of enterprises Jaipur Prin well publication 1986 P 108

KG Mishra ldquoConcepts of capacity utilization of seed storesrdquo seed and farms 12 (12) P 38 1986

SS Mussadi ldquoCopra crushing industry in the eastern region in retrospect and prospectsrdquo processing and

marketing of coconuts in India Cochin coconut development board 1987 pp 120-121

Achyuthan and P Jayadevan ldquoProject profile for coconut would paralled doorsrdquo processing and

marketing of coconut India Cochin coconut development board 1987

YK Bhusan fundamentals of business organization and management (New York McGraw Hill books

1987 pp 43-45

Harikumar ldquoCoconut marketing in Kerala some issuesrdquo Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing 5(1) p

85 1991

VT Markose ldquoDomestic marketing of coconut products in Indiardquo processing and marketing of coconut

in India (Cochin coconut development board) 1993 p 7

Ernesto P Lozada and Norberto M Boceta ldquoCompetitive through coconut product diversificationrdquo

Indian coconut journal 20(6) P 1995

Davar Modern marketing management (Bombay progressive corporation Pvt Ltd 1975) p 273


50

Yasoda and Padmanaban Selling behaviors of coconut growers in Tamilnadurdquo Indian Journal of

Agricultural Marketing 10(3) p 97 1996

Nagesh A Rajker and HG Shankarmoorthy ldquoProcessing of cashew nuts in Karnatakardquo Agricultural

situation in India 46(3) pp 128-129 1997

Kirit SParikh ldquoIndiarsquos economy To-pay ndash Prospects for the futurerdquo Economic developments in India

Volume30 Academic Foundations New Delhi 2000 pp 19-20

KK Ahuja production management Delhi CBSC publication P 480


R No 152006 survey report an coconut and areca nut in Tamilnadu 2004-2005 special commissioner

and director department of economics and statistics Chennai-6 pp 14-33

Philip Kolter marketing management p 258

Daily thanthi tamil news paper dated 18 th November 2010 p9

Dhinakaren daily news paper dated 23 rd

December 2010 p 18


40

of fossil records that are being researched upon Some of the fossils found in New Zealand are

indicative of the fact that the palm thrived along the New Zealand coast as far back as 15 million

years ago In Asia research reveals that the fossils unearthed in Kerala the Land of Coconut Palm

are much older However the fossils found in Khulna Bangladesh are recognized as the oldest

The fruit has a special mention in the Mahawamsa texts of Sri Lanka too dating back to the 1st

century

Coconut Potentials

a) Coconut - production amp trade

Coconut palms have been called the tree of life because of the huge variety of uses They

are cultivated throughout the tropics for fiber and fuel but are best known as a food They are also

the seventh most important vegetable oil crop in the world

b) Role in National Economy

The annual contribution of the crop to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country is

estimated at more than Rs7 000 corers It also earns Foreign Exchange to the tune of Rs300 corers

annually from the export of coir and coir products More than 10 million people in the country

depend on coconut culture processing marketing and other trade activities related to this crop

c) Production and productivity in India

Coconut occupies a prominent position as an oil producing crop in our country Coconut

cultivation is on the increase every year in the Southern States though there are no perennial rivers

and the agriculture is dependent mostly on the monsoon rains Coconut is the perennial crop which

helps the farmer even if the monsoon fails There is a good demand for the Tall T x D and D x T

coconut seedlings which are produced with assistance from the Central and State Governments and

the Coconut Development Board to increase the area and production of coconut Area under

coconut in India is 194 million hectares with a production of 10 billion nuts The average

productivity in India is 5615 nutsha while the global productivity is only 5451 nutsha Thus India

leads in coconut productivity at the international level

Figure 1

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

19

95

-96

19

97

-98

19

99

-20

00

20

01

-20

02

20

03

-20

04

20

05

-20

06

20

07

-20

08

20

09

-20

10

20

11

-20

12

20

13

-20

14

Production (Millionnuts)

Productivity (Nutsper ha)


41





























up














42










Figure 2







h) Coconut products










even charcoal

210000

220000

230000

240000

250000

260000




43

















Scope of the Study













State



Coimbatore city








44




product sellers







Hypotheses



















a) Types of data


b) Secondary data










45


secondary data

c) Primary data








d) Period of Study
























g) Sampling Scheme








46



analysis






i)Tools of Analysis





Yt = ABte

u is fitted where


t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term




yt = a + b t + e







B0 = constant


e = error term



e = error term



study





47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


41





























up














42










Figure 2







h) Coconut products










even charcoal

210000

220000

230000

240000

250000

260000




43

















Scope of the Study













State



Coimbatore city








44




product sellers







Hypotheses



















a) Types of data


b) Secondary data










45


secondary data

c) Primary data








d) Period of Study
























g) Sampling Scheme








46



analysis






i)Tools of Analysis





Yt = ABte

u is fitted where


t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term




yt = a + b t + e







B0 = constant


e = error term



e = error term



study





47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


42










Figure 2







h) Coconut products










even charcoal

210000

220000

230000

240000

250000

260000




43

















Scope of the Study













State



Coimbatore city








44




product sellers







Hypotheses



















a) Types of data


b) Secondary data










45


secondary data

c) Primary data








d) Period of Study
























g) Sampling Scheme








46



analysis






i)Tools of Analysis





Yt = ABte

u is fitted where


t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term




yt = a + b t + e







B0 = constant


e = error term



e = error term



study





47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


43

















Scope of the Study













State



Coimbatore city








44




product sellers







Hypotheses



















a) Types of data


b) Secondary data










45


secondary data

c) Primary data








d) Period of Study
























g) Sampling Scheme








46



analysis






i)Tools of Analysis





Yt = ABte

u is fitted where


t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term




yt = a + b t + e







B0 = constant


e = error term



e = error term



study





47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


44




product sellers







Hypotheses



















a) Types of data


b) Secondary data










45


secondary data

c) Primary data








d) Period of Study
























g) Sampling Scheme








46



analysis






i)Tools of Analysis





Yt = ABte

u is fitted where


t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term




yt = a + b t + e







B0 = constant


e = error term



e = error term



study





47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


45


secondary data

c) Primary data








d) Period of Study
























g) Sampling Scheme








46



analysis






i)Tools of Analysis





Yt = ABte

u is fitted where


t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term




yt = a + b t + e







B0 = constant


e = error term



e = error term



study





47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


46



analysis






i)Tools of Analysis





Yt = ABte

u is fitted where


t = time in years

A = constant

B = coefficient

e = error term




yt = a + b t + e







B0 = constant


e = error term



e = error term



study





47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


47









of age groups











commission agent








MRP rate



business





shift





48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


48


festival bonus








between Rs10 001 -15000



account


00000








moneylenders




for resale



month


Suggestions










49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


49


banks


products




Conclusion









Reference


1971 p 95









1987 pp 43-45


85 1991







50














December 2010 p 18


50














December 2010 p 18

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