research activities in japan and other asian countries 1. ground-based observation - agage...
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Research Activities in Japan and other Asian Countries
1. Ground-based observation
- AGAGE monitoring stations: China, Korea, and Japan
- NDACC stations: Japan
an example: Ozone profiles over Japan have been observed with millimeter-wave radiometers since September 1995 at Tsukuba and March 1999 at Rikubetsu
2. Observation plans from the space
- Space measurements of ozone by China
- JEM/SMILES
Takashi Imamura (NIES)
Semiannual variation were clearly observed at 60 and 76 km.
The phase at 60 km seems to be the inverse of that at 76 km.
The amplitude at 60 km is smaller than that at 76 km.
The variation at 50 km is clearly annual with the peak near winter solstices.
Annual Variation of O3 in the middle atmosphere
(Nagahama et al 2003)
JEM/SMILES
To be launched in 2009 To be launched in 2009 by HTV/H-IIBby HTV/H-IIB
A Superconductive Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) is being designed for installation in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station (ISS).
Mission Objectives of JEM/SMILES:
i) Space demonstration of superconductive mixer and 4-K mechanical cooler for the submillimeter limb-emission sounding,
ii) Global observations of atmospheric minor constituents in the stratosphere, contributing to the atmospheric sciences.
JEM/SMILES will make measurements on ozone and other minor species relevant to ozone loss (normal O3, HCl, HOCl, HNO3, H2O2, and CH3CN).
SMILES will also measure a few radical species crucial to the ozone chemistry (ClO, BrO, and HO2).
The SMILES will also try to observe isotopic composition of ozone.
(courtesy of SMILES team)
3. Japanese Research Project on Stratospheric Ozone supported by MOE
(i) detection of the variation of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the tropics
(ii) determination of the mean age of stratospheric air
(iii) evaluation on reproducibility of chemical and meteorological fields in the stratosphere calculated by CCSR/NIES CCM
(iv) understanding of the impact of solar activity change on ozone distribution using CCSR/NIES CCM and climate models
Studies on the Variability of Stratospheric Processes and Uncertainties in the Future Projection of Stratospheric Ozone (FY: 2007 – 2009)
Investigations conducted in this project are:
already dehydrated air
Water vapor is controlled at the cold point
Temp
Ozone Water vapor
Ice Saturation
Water vapor
Ice saturation
Water vapor measurements in TTL
Tropopause Variation of water vapor in LS
(courtesy of M. Fujiwara)
Mean age = 5.1 ± 0.4 years
mean age = 5.4 ± 0.6 years
.
Determination of the mean age of stratospheric air
CO2
SF6
Whole air is sampled in the stratosphere using a cryogenic sampler on board scientific balloon over Japan.
Stratosphere (20-30km) over Japan
Tropical upper troposphere
Time variation of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
(Sugawara et al. unpublished data)
Projection of Ozone hole area
○ : fixed GHGs and SST
● : future scenario for ODSs, GHG, and SST
Effects of increase of GHGs on ozone recovery
EESC
CCly
Expected recovery of EESC and Cly
(as an example of numerical experiments with CCSR/NIES CCM)
(courtesy of H. Akiyoshi)
Thank you
Normal run
ODSs: future scenario
GHGs and SST: fixed
Ozone above 20hPa
Ozone below 20hPa
Total column ozone
Future change of ozone in the low latitude region
Time variation of water vapor at 19-21 km in the tropics
Gravitational separation of O2 and N2 isotopes in the stratosphere