research 101 education - university of tennessee · 2019. 9. 11. · asking her to do stereotypical...
TRANSCRIPT
Education Research 101
for mathematiciansDr. Anne M. Ho
UTK AWM
Today...
▣ An overview of education research□ Comparison to math research□ Examples of the process
▣ Who we are affects what we do□ Reflection on identity□ My experiences
▣ Ways to support women in math & education
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Make sure you have 10 sticky notes and a pen!
Math & Education Research
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Math Education
(Axioms)
Literature
Conjecture
Proof
Framework
Literature
Hypothesis
Data Analysis
Theorem Theory/Practice
An overview of education research
Frameworks
▣ Behaviorism (1910s-1950s): learning is a process of forming connections between stimuli and responses.□ Reinforcement of behavior□ Repetition and rote learning□ Rewards and punishments
▣ Constructivism (1950s-): learning is a process of using existing knowledge to build new knowledge□ Incorporates learning with understanding (instead
of just memorization)□ Assimilation of knowledge and accommodation
National Research Council. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school: Expanded edition. National Academies Press.
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Frameworks
▣ Gagné’s Hierarchical Learning (1968): learning higher levels of knowledge require a mastery of prerequisite skills and concepts□ Sequential math courses
▣ Bruner’s Spiral Learning (1960): learning is best with a cyclical model where topics are visited multiple times and in more depth or detail each time□ Integrated math content
Sadler, P., & Sonnert, G. (2018). The Path to College Calculus: The Impact of High School Mathematics Coursework. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 49(3), 292-329.
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Frameworks
▣ Andragogy or Adult Learning Theory: adults learn differently than children/teenagers do (e.g. more secure self-concept, practical reasons to learn)
▣ ...and many more!
Example in Practice:Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1977)Collaboration with Dr. Mary Pilgrim(SDSU) on GTA perceptions/identities
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Literature in Math Education
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Education
Math
PsychologySociology
Gender Studies
Other STEM
BiologyGov’t
Reports
Examples: Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), 8410-8415.
Handelsman, J., Miller, S., & Pfund, C. (2007). Scientific teaching. Macmillan.
Olson, S., & Riordan, D. G. (2012). Engage to Excel: Producing One Million Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Report to the President. Executive Office of the President.
Literature in Math Education
Example in Practice: Looking into collaboration with sociologists for extension on “Prejudiced Polygons” projectwith Dr. Tara T. Craig (CCU)
A. Ho, T. Craig (2017). "Polygons and Prejudice: Using a mathematical frame to guide a conversation about social issues." MTCircular, Summer/Autumn 2017, 8-9. http://www.mathteacherscircle.org/news/mtc-magazine/sa2017/polygons-and-prejudice/.
Based on V. Hart, N. Case (2014). “Parable of the Polygons.” https://ncase.me/polygons/ 9
Recall: The Scientific Method
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From Khan Academy: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-biology-foundations/hs-biology-and-the-scientific-method/a/the-science-of-biology
Forming a Hypothesis
General Example in Practice: Incorporating metacognitive practices (thinking about thinking) into the daily routine of a math classroom will improve student performance.Zimmerman, B. J., Moylan, A., Hudesman, J., White, N., & Flugman, B. (2011). Enhancing self-reflection and mathematics achievement of at-risk urban technical college students. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 53(1), 141-160.
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Collecting Data
▣ Quantitative data: survey questions involving rankings or numbers, numerical scores, etc.
▣ Qualitative data: open-ended survey questions, focus groups, interviews, etc.
It’s difficult to correctly and ethically set up and collect data on a human subjects experiment! 12
Ethical Considerations
Examples: What is the control? Are subjects vulnerable? Is there a power dynamic to consider? Which state or federal laws might be relevant?
Institutional Review Board (IRB): https://irb.utk.edu/
Example in Practice:Collaboration with Dr. Sarah Ann Fleming (Belmont), Dr. Joan Lind, and Dr. Allison Wolf is in the middle of IRB
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Data Analysis
▣ Quantitative data will use statistics (e.g. regression analysis)
▣ Qualitative data might use something like grounded theory
▣ Technology and software will likely vary based on the collaboration
Example in Practice:Learning to use NVivo right now for qualitative data regarding GTA project with Dr. Mary Pilgrimhttps://oit.utk.edu/research/research-software/nvivo/
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Theory and Practice
Products from education research:▣ More theory about teaching/learning▣ More evidence that certain practices work or
don’t work
Good experiments are reproducible.
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Who we areaffects what we do
Your Identity
Write down 10 different words/phrases that are part of your personal or professional
identity.
Modified from teacher identity activity from UC Berkeley, EQUALS, NCTM (2007). This is a component
to the lesson study collaboration with Dr. Frances Harper (in TPTE) and Dr. Luis Leyva (Vanderbilt)
[funded by SEC Faculty Travel grant].
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Some of my identities at work
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GTA at CSU
PhD in MathEducator
Researcher
Assistant Professor at CCU
Feminist
MS in Math
BAS in Math and English
Lecturer at UTKTarget of Sexual Harassment
Target of Workplace Bullying
Woman
Asian American
Ally
Millennial
Mentor
“Leave it at the door” isn’t what really happens.
Mathematician
Some of my identities at work
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GTA at CSU
PhD in Math
EducatorResearcher
Assistant Professor at CCU
Feminist
MS in Math
BAS in Math and English
Lecturer at UTKTarget of Sexual Harassment
Target of Workplace Bullying
Woman
Asian American
Ally
Millennial
MentorMathematician
‘’“There's probably been more than one thing that I should have reported to someone. But it's also, I've got to work with these people. . . I don't know if that's what I would do. Or just try to say it's easier to just forget about it and not do anything...”-(Associate professor in geosciences)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2018). Sexual harassment of women: climate, culture, and consequences in academic sciences, engineering, and medicine. National Academies Press.
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2018). Sexual harassment of women: climate, culture, and consequences in academic sciences, engineering, and medicine. National Academies Press.
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‘’“Most of them are demeaning the woman, shutting her up in the workplace, demeaning her in front of other colleagues, telling her that she's not as capable as others are . . I think more stress should be on that…”-(Assistant professor of engineering)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2018). Sexual harassment of women: climate, culture, and consequences in academic sciences, engineering, and medicine. National Academies Press.
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Supporting women
“The AWM’s mission is to promote equal opportunity and the equal
treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences, supporting individuals and institutions as we all
work to make a more just and equitable community.”
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Ways to Support Women
Learn and listen.Be aware of what the common issues are for women. They might or might not apply to her. Listen to her about her individual concerns and interests.
Know your position.Think twice before asking her to do stereotypical womanly tasks, including emotional labor. If you’re a woman with more experience, consider mentoring.
Be an advocate.Sometimes, she isn’t always in the room or in a good position to speak for herself. If it’s clear that is the case, do something on her behalf when it’s needed.
Think of a woman you know, respect, or care about.
Resources
1. AWM’s “On Women in Math” https://awm-math.org/resources/womeninmath/
2. Women in Math Project: https://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~wmnmath/
3. Women and Math Education:http://www.wme-usa.org/
4. World Meeting for Women in Math: https://www.worldwomeninmaths.org/
https://may12.womeninmaths.org/ 28
Questions? Email me!
Dr. Anne M. Ho: [email protected]
Special thanks to the AWM chapter for the invitation, NIMBioS for the space, as well as my mentors, supporters,
and collaborators (especially my women role models)!
Template from SlidesCarnival and stock photos from Unsplash.