Requirements for the MOB Mars Habitat

Keith MorrisJeff FehringTom White

Christie SauersDax Matthews

Heather Chluda

Overall Project Goals

• Establish a Martian Habitat capable of supporting humans

Earth

Opportunity 1 (2011): 3 flights

Opportunity 2 (2014): 1 flight

Return

Mars

Cargo-1

Return Habitat,chemical TEI Stage

(to Mars orbit)

ERV-1

Crew of 6 Aerocaptures and Lands in Outbound HabSurface rendezvous with pre-deployed assets

Crew Ascends to Return Hab in capsule

Crew Direct Enters in capsule, Apollo-style.

Outbound Hab delivered to LEO on Large Launch Vehicle.Crew of 6 delivered to LEO in Shuttle or other.

Both rendezvous with NTR.

Cargo delivered to LEO on Large LaunchVehicle, rendezvous with NTR.

Ascent Vehicle,Prop Production,

Surface Exploration Gear,(to surface)

Crew Hab/Lab(to surface) Hab-1

Hab-2

MAV/EEVCrew of returns to Earthin Return Hab (ERV-1)

Overall - Level 1 Requirements

• Support crew of 6

• Support 600 day stay without re-supply

• Maintain health and safety

• Minimize dependency on Earth

Launch and Deployment Requirements

• 80 metric ton launch vehicle• Recommended Total Habitat Mass < 34,000

kg (includes payload)• Deploys 2 years before first crew• Land, deploy, operate, maintain all systems• Setup and check-out before crew arrives• Standby mode for 10 months between crews• Operational lifetime of greater than 15 years

Redundancy Requirements

• Mission critical – 2 levels of redundancy• Life critical – 3 levels of redundancy• Auto fault detection and correction• Modular• Easily repairable• Electronic and mechanical equipment

– Highly autonomous– Self-maintained or crew maintained– Possibly self-repairing

• All systems in Habitat must have low failure rates

Crew Activities on Mars

• Gather information about Mars

• Ease of learning– System similarity

– Common software and hardware

• Real time science activity planning

• Integrate In-Situ Resource Utilization System

Mission Architecture

• Systems Engineering and Integration• Structures• Command, Control, and Communications (CCC)• Power• Environment Control and Life Support• Mission Operations and Human Factors• Robotics and Automation• EVA and Planetary Surface Vehicle Interfaces• Thermal• ISRU and Mars Environment

Organizational Chart

Project ManagerKeith Morris

Support:Juniper Jairala

Tim Lloyd

Systems Engineeringand IntegrationJuniper Jairala

Tim LloydTiffany Finley

StructuresJeff Fehring

Eric SchliecherSupport:

Jen UchidaSam Baker

CCCHeather Howard

Keric HillSupport:

Tom WhiteConsultant:

Tim Lloyd

ECLSSMeridee Silbaugh

Nancy KungsakawinChristie Sauers

Teresa EllisSupport:

Bronson DuenasJuniper Jairala

EVAS and PSVInterfaces

Dax MatthewsBronson Duenas

Support:Teresa EllisConsultant:Keith Morris

Robotics andAutomationEric DekruifSupport:

Dax MatthewsEric Schleicher

Consultant:Tiffany Finley

PowerTom WhiteJen UchidaSupport:

Nancy KungsakawinEric DekruifConsultant:

Tyman Stephens

ThermalKeagan Rowley

Sam BakerSupport:

Heather ChludaHeather Howard

Mission OpsTyman Stephens

Support:Tim Lloyd

Christie Sauers

Mars EnvironmentAnd ISRU

Heather ChludaSupport:

Keagan RowleyKeric Hill

Consultant:Juniper Jairala

Support:Meridee Silbaugh

Jeff FehringTyman Stephens

Systems Engineering and Integration Team

• Primary:– Juniper Jairala– Tim Lloyd– Tiffany Finley

• Support:– Meridee Silbaugh– Jeff Fehring– Tyman Stephens

Systems Engineering and Integration Responsibilities

• Establish habitat system requirements

• Delegate top-level subsystem requirements

• Review and reconcile all subsystem design specifications

• Ensure that all habitat subsystem requirements are met

• Ensure proper subsystem interfaces

Structures Subsystem Team

• Primary:– Jeff Fehring– Eric Schleicher

• Support:– Jen Uchida– Sam Baker

Structures Subsystem Responsibilities

• Pressurized volume

• Incorporate all subsystems

• Radiation shielding

• Micro-meteoroid shielding

• Withstand all loading environments

Structures - Level 2 Requirements

• Fit within the dynamic envelope of the launch vehicle– Launch Shroud Diameter = 7.5 m– Length = 27.7 m

• Ensure crew health• Structurally sound in all load environments

– Acceleration– Vibration– Pressure

• Easily repairable• Stably support all other systems• Interface with other systems• Structures Mass < 20744 kg

CCC Subsystem Team

• Primary:– Heather Howard– Keric Hill

• Support:– Tom White

CCC Subsystem Responsibilities

• Monitoring and control of all internal and external habitat subsystems (Mars/Earth).

• Communication with Earth- transmit experimental data- monitor habitat and crew health- personal communications- mission-related information

exchange• Support crew and science mission

CCC - Level 2 Requirements

• Survive transit to Mars• Fit within the transport spacecraft• Support set-up and checkout of surface infrastructure

pre-crew • Computer based library:

– operational and instruction maintenance– trouble-shooting of systems and hardware failures

• Support a "smart" automated habitat • Facilitate Earth-control capability of some

subsystems (rovers, etc.)

CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued)

• Habitat communication with rovers, telerovers, and EVA crewmembers (from Earth and Mars base)

• “Real-time” downlink/uplink to Earth• Transmit crew health data to Earth• Capabilities for publicity, public affairs,

documentation, reporting and real-time activity planning

• Withstand respective surface and habitat conditions

• Be highly autonomous, self or crew maintained and possibly self-maintaining

CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued)

• Auto fault detection for all life/mission critical and mission discretionary elements

• Handle communication and data processing load for 6 people for the duration of each 600 day mission

• Function autonomously for 10 months• Return to normal function after dormant

periods• Mass: 320kg

Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Team

• Primary:– Tom White– Jen Uchida

• Support:– Nancy Kungsakawin– Eric Dekruif

Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Responsibilities

• Interface with the nuclear power source and other external equipment

• Safely manage and distribute power throughout Martian habitat

Power - Level 2 Requirements

• Provide power throughout 15 yr mission lifetime

• Provide 3 level redundancy (Life-critical system)

• Provide fault protection system, including emergency power cutoff, power dissipation capability

• Distribute power with multi-bus system

Power – Level 2 Requirements

• Supply power while reactors are being put online

• Provide method of power transfer from reactor to habitat

• Regulate voltage to levels required by equipment

• Provide both mobile and stationary sources of power within the habitat

• Store power

Power – Level 2 Requirements

• Power interfaces with rovers, EVA equipment, transit vehicle, etc.

• Flexible system to allow future expansion or changes

• Develop maintenance and safety procedures

• Power mass ~ 3250 kg (includes in-transit power)

• Primary– Teresa Ellis – Nancy Kungsakawin– Christie Sauers– Meridee Silbaugh

• Support– Bronson Duenas– Juniper Jairala

ECLSS Team(Environmental Control & Life Support Subsystem)

ECLSS Responsibilities

• Provide a physiologically and psychologically acceptable environment for humans to survive and maintain health

• Provide and manage the following:• Environmental conditions• Food• Water• Waste

• Provide medical services and supplies

• Supply crew accommodations that encourage a successful mission

ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements

• Supply crew with food for 600-day stay on Mars

• Provide adequate Atmosphere Monitoring and Control, including:– Trace Contaminant Control

– CO2 Removal and Reduction

– Temperature and Humidity Control

– Ventilation

• Must have necessary Gas Storage

• Fire Detection and Suppression

• Provide adequate supplies of hygiene and potable water

ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements continued…

• Collect and store liquid, solid, and concentrated wastes for immediate and/or delayed resource recovery

• Provide adequate crew accommodations

• Provide crew psychological support

• Perform routine and emergency medical services

• Provide crew health Monitoring

• Adequate crew protection from harmful radiation

• Mass must not exceed 4661 kg

Mission Operations Team

• Primary:• Tyman Stephens

• Support:• Tim Lloyd• Christie Sauers

Mission Operations Responsibilities

• Identify, coordinate, and schedulecrew operations

• Create and modify the ops schedule

• Establish clear hardware operationalrequirements and facilitate changes

• Identify and deliver relevant system status data

• Develop procedures for failure scenarios

• Respond to unexpected off-nominal conditions

• Support the mission objectives through crew activities

Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements

• Surface infrastructure must be setup andchecked out before the crew arrives

• Habitat deployed 2 years before first crew

• Habitat must accommodate 10 month standby

• Crew functions must be autonomous from Earth support

• Habitat maintenance must be planned toachieve a 15+ year lifetime

Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued…

• Schedule and facilities must support:

– Mineralogical and chemical analyses of rocks, soil,

and atmospheric samples

– Psychological support for crew and Earth team

– Science activity planning time

– Operation of telerobotic rovers

– 2-person EVAs for 8 hrs/wk

– Crew health monitoring

– Programmatic activities

Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued…

• Real time downlink/uplink to Earth when communication allows

• Support communication between Earth, Mars, and the Martian rovers

• Highly reliable, autonomous, and robust subsystems

• Habitat must be a “smart" habitat incorporating automation

• Earth-controlled capability for some systems (rovers, etc)

• Procedures for landing, deployment, operation, and maintenance of surface systems

Automation and Robotic Interfaces Subsystem Team

• Primary – Eric DeKruif

• Support – Eric Schliecher– Dax Matthews

Robotics & Automation Subsystem Responsibilities

• Determine which habitat functions are to be automated and design all automated systems

• Design interfaces with robotics to deploy habitat infrastructure and support habitat operations

Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements

• Deploy Infrastructure

• Provide for construction and assembly of site and structures

• Provide for infrastructure inspection and maintenance

• Deploy scientific instruments used for initial analysis and monitoring of Mars

Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements

• Provide method for sample acquisition

• Provide for movement of Habitat and other systems

• Support payload operations

• Support EVA activity

Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements

• Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards• Operate through entire mission duration• Self-diagnosis and self-maintenance• Robotics must have a wide range of

operations• Meet all size and weight restrictions• Mass for Robotics and Automation is included

in Structures and CCC

Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Interfaces Subsystem Team

• Primary – Dax Matthews– Bronson Duenas

• Support – Teresa Ellis

EVA Interfaces Subsystem Responsibilities

• Size and design EVA systems to operate in the Martian environment

• Design interfaces between EVA systems and habitat

• Responsible for ensuring EVA capability throughout the entire mission

EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements

• Habitat must have an airlock • Airlock must be separate entity • EVA systems

– Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards– Operate through entire manned portion of mission– Capable of self-diagnosis and self-maintenance– Meet all size and weight restrictions

• Airlock – Area for EVA/Rover/Emergency ingress/egress for

Habitat– Area for ingress/egress into suit– Dock for pressurized rover

EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements

• Habitat must supply consumables for Airlock/EVA/Rover

• Thermal control must be maintained in airlock• Risk of Decompression Sickness (DCS) must

be minimized• Airlock structure must be able to withstand

Rover/Airlock docking maneuver• Hatches must be easily accessible and easy

to use while in suit• EVA system mass must not exceed 1629 kg

Thermal Control Subsystem Team

• Primary– Keagan Rowley– Sam Baker

• Support– Heather Chluda– Heather Howard– Tiffany Finley

Thermal Control Subsystem Responsibilities

• Keep the crew alive

• Maintain equipment in working condition over all mission environmental profiles

Thermal Subsystem - Level 2 Requirements

• Maintain a shirt sleeve environment for crew of 6• Sustain equipment temperatures within operating limits• Provide control over all Martian temperature extremes• Design system with 3-levels of redundancy - life critical• Autonomous Thermal system • Operate for entire mission duration - 15+ year lifetime• Thermal System Mass requirement of 550 kg – stated in DRM• Accommodate the transit to Mars• Auto-deploy and activate if the thermal control system is or

becomes inactive during transit• Report status for communication to Earth during non-occupied

times (for safety concerns)

Mars Environment and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)

Primary

• Heather Chluda

Support

• Keagan Rowley

• Keric Hill

Mars Environment and ISRU Responsibilities

• Design interfaces between the habitat and the ISRU plant

• Work with the other subsystems to ensure that the habitat will operate successfully for the entire mission duration and under all Martian environmental extremes

• Evaluate potential use of any other in-situ resources

Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements

• Allow transportation of nitrogen, water and oxygen from Mars resources• Storage tanks, pipes, and other equipment must survive the transit to

Mars• No leakage in storage tanks and pipes is allowed• Maintain temperature in storage tanks and piping • Storage interfaces must be compatible with habitat• Interfaces to storage tanks and ISRU tanks must be performed using

robots or humans• Byproducts of oxygen, nitrogen and water must be transported from the

ISRU plant to the habitat• Pumping systems shall have adequate head to supply the habitat• Shielding from the Mars environment is necessary for piping and

storage tanks• Emergency cut-off capabilities between the ISRU plant and the habitat

– In case of leakage, rupture, etc.

Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements

• The habitat and all equipment must withstand these characteristics of the Mars environment– Martian atmospheric conditions– Dust accumulation for all surfaces and moving parts– Micrometeoroid impacts– Seismic activity ranges on Mars– Solar radiation accumulation and extreme events– Thermal environment must be taken into account due to the orbital

characteristics of Mars– Gravitational environment must be taken into account for proper

and effective equipment performance • Maintain stability on Martian soil - suitable surface area for the

habitat• The habitat must not chemically react with soil• Accommodate for varying topography at a range of landing sites

Current Status

• Identified top level requirements

• Determined subsystem breakdown

• Derived subsystem level 2 requirements

Next Step

• Identify Level 3 requirements

• Begin search for candidate solutions

• Determine basic layout of habitat

• Volume allocation and power profile

• Reiterate requirements and Mass budget

• Begin Interface Reference Document (IRD)

Critical Deadlines

• 10/20 – Management Briefing (IRD Status)• 10/27 – IRD due• 11/19 – Management Briefing (Subsystems)• 12/3 – Management Briefing (Design Summary)• 12/8, 12/10 – Design Presentations• 12/17 – Final Report due

Any Questions?