repulsive gravitational force field

8/13/2019 Repulsive Gravitational Force Field

1/6

Repulsive Gravitational Force FieldFran De Aquino

Copyright 2013 by Fran De Aquino. All Rights Reserved.

A method is proposed in this paper to generate a repulsive gravitational force field, which can strongly repel material particles, while creating a gravitational shielding that can nullify the momentum of incident particles (including

photons). By nullifying the momentum of the particles and photons , including in the infrared range, this force fieldcan work as a perfect thermal insulation . This means that, a spacecraft with this force field around it, cannot beaffected by any external temperature and, in this way, it can even penetrate (and to exit) the Sun without be damagedor to cause the death of the crew. The repulsive force field can also work as a friction reducer with the atmosphere (between an aeronave and the atmosphere), which allows traveling with very high velocities through the atmospherewithout overheating the aeronave. The generation of this force field is based on the reversion and intensification ofgravity by electromagnetic means.

Key words: Quantum Gravity, Gravitation, Gravity Control, Repulsive Force Field.

1. Introduction

The Higgs field equations are [ 1]:

( ) ( )1022021 =+ abba f m Assuming that mass is the gravitational mass

, then we can say that in Higgs field the term

arises from a product of positive and

negative gravitational masses

0m

gm

02


2/6

2 gm

gg mm =

(a)

gm

(b)Fig. 1 Plane and Spherical Gravitational

Shieldings. When the radius of the gravitationalshielding (b) is very small, any particle inside thespherical crust will have its gravitational mass given

by gg mm = , where gm is its gravitational mass outof the crust.

gg mm =

gg =

g

(a)

g

gg =

(b)Fig. 2 The gravity acceleration in both sides of the

gravitational shielding.

gr

gr

gr

gr

Fig. 3 Gravitational Shielding (GS). If the gravit yat a side of the GS is g

r

( gr

perpendicular to thelamina) then the gravity at the other side of the GS is

gr

. Thus, in the case of gr

and gr (see figure

above) the resultant gravity at each side isgg

rr + and gg rr + , respectively.

G S

The extension of the shielding effec t, i.e.,

the distance at which the gravitational shieldingeffect reach, beyond the gravitational shielding,depends basically of the magnitude of theshielding's surface. Experiments show that, whenthe shielding's surface is large (a disk with radius

) the action of the gravitational shieldingextends up to a distance [a

ad 20 6]. When theshielding's surface is very small the extension ofthe shielding effect becomes experimentallyundetectable .

d 20a

d

a a (A) (B)

Fig. 4 - When the shielding's surface is large theaction of the gravitational shielding extends up to adistance ad 20 (A).When the shielding's surfaceis very small the extension of the shielding effect

becomes experimentally undetectable (B).

G S G S

The quantization of gravity shows that thegravitational mass mg and inertial mass mi arecorrelated by means of the following factor [ 3]:


3/6

3

( )311212

00

+==cm

pm

m

ii

g

where is the rest inertial mass of the particle

and is the variation in the particles kineticmomentum ; is the speed of light.

0im

pc

In general, the momentum variation p isexpressed by t F p = where is theapplied force during a time interval

F t . Note that

there is no restriction concerning the nature ofthe force , i.e., it can be mechanical,electromagnetic, etc.

F

For example, we can look on themomentum variation p as due to absorption or

emission of electromagnetic energy . In this case,substitution of ( )( ) c Envvccv E v E p r === into Eq. (1), gives

( )411212

200

+==r

ii

g ncm

E m

m

By dividing E and in Eq. (4) by thevolume of the particle, and rememberingthat,

0imV

W V E = , we obtain

( )511212

20

+==

r i

g nc

W mm

where is the matter density ( )3mkg .Based on this possibility, we have developed

a method to generate a repulsive gravitational force field that can strongly repel material particles.

In order to describe this method we startconsidering figure 5, which shows a set ofspherical gravitational shieldings, with

n

n ...,,2,1 , respectively. When thesegravitational shielding are deactivated , thegravity generated is 20

2 r Gmr Gmg sigs = ,where is the total inertial mass of the

spherical gravitational shieldings. When thesystem is actived , the gravitational mass becomes

sim 0 n

( ) sings mm 021 ... = , and the gravity is given by

( ) ( ) ( )6...... 202121 r Gmgg sinn ==

Fig. 5 Repulsive Gravitational Field Force produced bythe Spherical Gravitational Shieldings ( 1, 2,, n).

r

x

1, 2 ,..., n

g' = 1, 2 ... n g = = 1, 2 ... n Gm i0s /r 2

mi0s

Gravitational Shieldings

Repulsive Gravitational Force Field

r s

If we make ( )n ...21 negative ( n odd) thegravity g becomes repulsive , producing a

pressure upon the matter around the sphere.This pressure can be expressed by means of thefollowing equation

p

( ) ( )

( ) ( )7

0

g x

S

g xS

S

gm

S F

p

matter i

matter imatter i

=

=

=

==

Substitution of Eq. (6) into Eq. (7), gives

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )8... 2021 r Gm x p simatter in =

If the matter around the sphere is only theatmospheric air ( ), then,in order to expel all the atmospheric air fromthe inside the belt with - thickness (SeeFig. 5), we must have . This requiresthat

25 .10013.1 = m N pa

xa p p >

( )( )

( )9...0

2

21simatter i

an xGm

r p

>

Satisfied this condition, all the matter isexpelled from this region, except the


4/6

4Continuous Universal Fluid (CUF), whichdensity is [327 .10 mkgCUF 7].

The density of the Universal QuantumFluid is clearly not uniform along theUniverse. At supercompressed state, it givesorigin to the known matter (quarks, electrons,

protons, neutrons, etc). Thus, thegravitational mass arises with thesupercompression state. At the normal state(free space, far from matter ), the local inertialmass of Universal Quantum Fluid does notgenerate gravitational mass, i.e., 0= .However, if some bodies are placed in theneighborhoods, then this value will becomegreater than zero, due to proximity effect, and

the gravitational mass will have a non-nullvalue. This is the case of the region with x -thickness, i.e., in spite of all the matter beexpelled from the region, remaining in place

just the Universal Quantum Fluid, the proximity of neighboring matter makes non-null the gravitational mass of this region, butextremely close to zero, in such way that, thevalue of 0ig mm= is also extremely close tozero ( is the inertial mass of the Universal

Quantum Fluid in the mentioned region).

0im

Another important equations obtainedin the quantization theory of gravity is thenew expression for the momentum andgravitational energy of a particle withgravitational mass and velocity v , which

is given by [

q

g M

3]( )10v M q g

rr =

( )112c M E gg =

where 221 cvm M gg = ; is given by

Eq.(1), i.e., . Thus, we can writeg

m

ig mm =

( )121 22

ii

g M cv

m M

=

=

Substitution of Eq. (12) into Eq. (11) and Eq.(10) gives

( )132c M E ig =

( )14

h

c

vv M q i

r

rr ==

For , the momentum and the energy of the particle become infinite. This means that a

particle with non-null mass cannot travel withthe light speed. However, in RelativisticMechanics there are particles with null mass thattravel with the light speed. For these particles,Eq. (14) gives

cv =

( )15 hq = Note that only for 1= the Eq. (15) is reducedto the well=known expressions of DeBroglie( ) hq = .

Since the factor can be stronglyreduced under certain circumstances (SeeEq.(1)), then according to the Eqs. (13) and(14), the gravitational energy and themomentum of a particle can also be stronglyreduced . In the case of the region with x -thickness, where is extremely close to zero ,the gravitational energy and the momentum of the material particles and photons become

practically null .By nullifying the gravitationa l energy and

the momentum of the particles and photons ,including in the infrared range, this force fieldcan work as a perfect thermal insulation . Thismeans that, a spacecraft with this force fieldaround it, cannot be affected by any externaltemperature and, in this way, it can even

penetrate (and to exit) the Sun without bedamaged or to cause the death of the crew. Therepulsive force field can also work as a frictionreducer with the atmosphere (between anaeronave and the atmosphere), which allowstraveling with very high velocities through theatmosphere without overheating the aeronave. Considering Eq. (8), for ata p p = mr 6= ,we can write that

( )( )

( )1636...0

21simatter i

an GM x

p

=

The gravitational shieldings can bemade very thin, in such way that the total inertialmass of them, for example in the case of

( n,..,2,1 )

mr s 9.4 , can be assumed as .

Thus, for

kg M si 50000

m x 1= and ,Eq. (16) gives

( )3.2.1 = mkgmatter i

( ) ( )17101.9... 1221 mn = By making n === ...21 , then, for 7=n ,we obtain the following value

( )2200.71... 721 ====


5/6

5 It is relatively easy to build the set ofspherical gravitational shieldings with thesevalues. First we must choose a convenientmaterial, with density and refraction index

, in such way that, by applying an

electromagnetic fieldr n

E sufficient intense( )20 E W = , we can obtain, according to Eq.(5), the values given by Eq. (22).

Since in the region with - thickness,the value of

x is extremely close to zero, we

can conclude that the gravitational mass of thespacecraft, which is given by

( ) sings mm 021 ... = , becomes very small .This makes possible to the spacecraft acquirestrong accelerations, even when subjected tosmall thrusts gsmF a = [3]. On the otherhand, with a small gravitational mass, theweight of the spacecraft will be also small.

Note that the Gravitational RepulsiveForce Field aggregates new possibilities to theGravitational Spacecraft , previously

proposed [ 8], while showing that the performance of this spacecraft goes much beyondthe conventional spacecrafts.


6/6

6References

[1] Higgs, P. W. (1966) Phys. Rev. 145, 1156.

[2] CERN (2012) Observation of a new boson at a massof 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC ,Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 30.

[3] De Aquino, F. (2010) Mathematical Foundations ofthe Relativistic Theory of Quantum Gravity , PacificJournal of Science and Technology, 11 (1), pp. 173-232.

[4] De Aquino, F. (2008) Process and Device for

Controlling the Locally the Gravitational Mass and theGravity Acceleration , BR Patent Number: PI0805046-5,July 31, 2008.

[5] De Aquino, F. (2010) Gravity Control by means of Electromagnetic Field through Gas at Ultra-LowPressure , Pacific Journal of Science and Technology,

11 (2) November 2010, pp.178-247, Physics/0701091.

[6] Modanese, G., (1996), Updating the Theoretical Analysis of the Weak Gravitational Shielding Experiment, supr-con/9601001v2 .

[7] De Aquino, F. (2011) The Universal Quantum Fluid ,http://vixra.org/abs/1202.0041

[8] De Aquino, F. (1998) The Gravitational Spacecraft ,Electric Spacecraft Journal (USA) Volume 27,December 1998 (First Version), pp. 6-13.http://arXiv.org/abs/physics/9904018

repulsive gravitational force field

Documents