repubulika y'u rwanda...minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by’umuryango w’afurika...
TRANSCRIPT
MINISITERI ISHINZWE IBIKORWA BY’UMURYANGO W’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA
EAC
JUMUIYA YA AFRIKA MASHARIKI
REPUBULIKA Y'U RWANDA
Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba
Agatabo k’Amahugurwa
Gashyantare 2011
ISOKO RUSANGE RY’UMURYANGOW’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA
AGATABO K’AMAHUGURWA
Gashyantare 2011
Aka Gatabo k’Amahugurwa gakubiyemo incamake y’ ibintu by’ingenzi bigize isoko rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ibyiza ndetse
n’ingorane biri muri iri soko rusange. Iyi ngigisho isobanura kandi aho guhuza imikorere mu byerekeranye n’ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu bikiri imbogamizi mu
mikorere myiza y’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba
Aho tubarizwa:
MINEACKimihurura, Inyubako ya MINAFFET, Etaje ya 4
B.P 267 Kigali - RwandaPhone: +250-252-580513
E-mail: [email protected]: www.mineac.gov.rw
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URUTONDE RW’AMAGAMBO AHINNYEAGOA : Amasezerano Agamije Iterambere ry’AfurikaAIDS : Uburwayi bwa sidaCET : Urutonde rw’amahoro ku bicuruzwa biva hanze y’Umuryango COMESA : Isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’AmajyepfoCU : Ubufatanye mu bya za GasutamoEAC : Umuryango w’Afurika y’IburasirazubaEPA : Amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu by’UbukunguEsp : cyane cyane GDP : Umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihuguHIV : Agakoko kamunga abasirikari b’umubiri ILO : Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku murimoIPOs : Ishyirwa ku isoko ry’imigabane y’isosiyete IPR : Uburenganzira bw’Umutungo bwite mu by’ubwengeISCO : Urutonde mpuzamahanga rw’imyugaNTBs : Inzititizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoroSADC : Umuryango w’Iterambere ry’Afurika y’AmajyepfoTIFA : Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ishoramariWTO : Umuryango w’Ubucuruzi ku Isi
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Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) ni umuryango w’akarere k’ubukungu ugizwe n’ibihugu bitanu aribyo Rwanda, u Burundi, Uganda, Kenya na Repuburika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya. Umuryango wa EAC ugamije iterambere rirambye kandi ku buryo bungana rishingiye ku bufatanye mu by’ubukungu, imibereho myiza y’abaturage ndetse n’ubufatanye mu bya politiki. Leta y’u Rwanda yinjiye mu muryango ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2007, mu gihe Umuryango wari utangiye gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano y’Ubufatanye mu bya za Gasutamo. Imishyikirano yerekeye Amasezerano y’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yatangiye mu kwezi kwa Mata 2008, irangira mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 2009. Nyuma, amazezerano y’Isoko Rusange yashyizweho umukono n’Abakuru b’Ibihugu ku itariki ya 20 Ugushyingo 2009, yatangiye gukurikizwa uhereye ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2010 amaze kwemezwa n’ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango uko ari bitanu.
Isoko rusange ni iki ?
Isoko Rusange bisobanura amasoko y’ibihugu bigize umuryango yashyizwe hamwe akabyara isoko rimwe rikubiyemo urujya n’uruza ry’imari shingiro, urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi, urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa na za serivise. Ariko na none , Isoko rusange ry’Umuryango wa EAC rigizwe n’uburenganzira bwo gutura ahantu no kuhabarizwa.
Ibintu by’ingenzi bigize isoko rusange ry’umuryango wa EAC ni ibi bikurikira:• Urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa;• Urujya n’uruza rw’abantu, abakozi, serivise, n’uburenganzirabwo gutura ahantu no kuhabarizwa • Urujya n’uruza rw’imari shingiro.
Intego z’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni izihe ?
Intego nkuru y’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni ukwagura no gushimangira ubufatanye bw’ibihugu bigize Umuryango mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage bigamije inyungu
UMUTWE WA I : IRIBURIRO
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z’ibihugu bigize Umuryango.
Intego Zihariye z’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni izi zikurikira:
•Kwihutisha izamuka ry’ubukungu n’iterambere ry’ibihugu bigize Umuryango rishingiye ku rujya n’uruza rw’ibintu abantu n’abakozi, uburengazira bwo gutura ahantu no kuhabarizwa, urujya n’uruza rwa za servise ndetse n’imari shingiro;•Gushimangira, guhuza no kugenzura ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigize Umuryango hagamijwe guteza imbere no kwihutisha amajyambere nyakuri ahuriweho kandi asaranganijwe mu bihugu bigize umuryango;•Gushyigikira ubufatanye ndetse n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa by’ubukungu mu Muryango, kandi inyungu zabyo zigasaranganywa ku buryo bungana mu bihugu bigize Umuryango; •Guteza imbere imyumvire imwe n’ubufatanye mu baturage b’ibihugu bigize Umuryango hagamijwe iterambere ryabo mu by’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza yabo; •Guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hagamijwe kwihutisha iterambere mu by’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Amahame y’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni ayahe ?
•Amahame shingiro n’amahame ngenderwaho nk’uko ateganijwe mu ngingo ya 6 n’iya 7 z’amasezerano ashinga umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;• Ihame ryo kutavangura abaturage b’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango hashingiwe ku bwenegihugu;•Ihame ryo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu riha abaturage b’ibindi bihugu bigize umuryango amahirwe atari munsi y’ayo waha ikindi gihugu kitari mu muryango;•Guharanira gukorera mu mucyo mu bintu byose byerekeye ibindi bihugu bigize umuryango; no• Guhana amakuru yerekeye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano y’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
Ni izihe nyungu n’amahirwe by’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba?
–Igabanuka ry’ikiguzi cyo gukora ubucuruzi (urugero nko gutinda kw’amadosiye mu biro, ihindagurika ry’igiciro cyo kuvunjaho amafaranga );–Isoko ryagutse, n’iyaguka ry’ubukungu;
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–Ipiganwa rizarushaho gutera imbere, ikiguzi kigabanuke, umusaruro utubutse;–Ibicuruzwa na serivise bihendutse kandi ukaba ushobora kwihitiramo muri byinshi, udushya, n’ibiciro bibereye umuguzi;–Hazabaho izamuka ry’ibyacurujwe n’inyungu ku banyenganda n’abandi bantu bafite ibicuruzwa; – Igabanuka ry’amafaranga umuntu akoresha mu guhaha;–Izamuka ry’umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu n’iboneka ry’akazi;–Igihugu kidakora ku nyanja kizaba igihugu gihuriye ku bukungu bumwe n’ibindi bihugu bikora ku Nyanja;–Ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi kizagabanuka ;–Isoko ryagutse rikurura abashoramari;–Imikorere myiza mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi;–Ubushobozi buhagije mu karere;–Iterambere ry’ishoramari kubera kwishyira hamwe ;–Iterambere ry’ubuhanga mu kintu runaka, rituma hashakishwa amasoko hanze y’imbibi z’umuryango;–Hazabaho imbaraga nyinshi mu ipiganwa ;–Uburenganzira bw’Umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge buzarindwa;
–Kugira ijwi ryumvikana mu mishyikirano mpuzamahanga nko muri WTO, EPAS, TIFA’s, AGOA, etc.;–Ivanwaho ry’amahoro hagati y’ibihugu n’imbogamizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro nka: • Amafaranga y’ingeri nyinshi yakwa ku mipaka yo mu muryango • Imikorere n’ibisabwa byinshi muri za gasutamo bitesha igihe kandi bitagira umumaro; • Itangwa ry’impushya rigira abo ribangamira; • Za bariyeri, • Iminzani, n’ • Ishyirwaho ry’nzitizi nshya zidashingiye ku mahoro hagamijwe kugaruzwa imisoro yavuyeho kubera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubufatanye mu bya gasutamo.
Ni izihe mbogamizi dusanga mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Isoko rusange?
–Imyumvire mike ku bafatan-yabikorwa bamwe na bamwe;–Ubufatanye bw’inzego zimwe na zimwe budashimishije (ntibabigira ibyabo); –Ubushobozi bucye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ashyira-ho umuryango ndetse n’andi mat-egeko;–Urwego rw’abikorera nka moteri
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y’ubufanye ntirwiyumva ku buryo bushimishije mu isoko rusange;–Inzitizi mu guhuza ingamba z’ibigamijwe n’amategeko;–Ingamba z’inzibacyuho no gushy-igikira urwego rw’abikorera kugira ngo rukure inyungu nyinshi mu bufatanye ntibirajyaho mu buryo bufatika;
– Itakaza ry’imisoro ry’igihe gito rikomoka ku ivanwaho ry’amahoro hagati y’ibihugu bigize umuryangon’ikoreshwa ry’amahoro rusange yakwa ku bicuruzwa bivuye hanze y’umuryango;– Kubarizwa mu miryango myinshi
UMUTWE WA II: IBIGIZE ISOKO RUSANGE RY’UMURYANGO W’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA-
UBWISANZURE N’UBURENGANZIRA
Nk’uko biteganijwe mu ngingo ya 76 n’iya 104 z’Amasezerano ashy-iraho Umuryango, Amasezerano y’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, hari ibi bikurikira biteganijwe kuzashyirwa mubikorwa buhoro buhoro:1. Urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa;2. Urujya n’uruza rw’abantu;3. Urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi;4. Uburenganzira bwo gutura ahantu5. Uburenganzira bwo kubarizwa ahantu;6. Urujya n’uruza rwa za serivise ndetse n’7. Urujya n’uruza rw’imari shin-giro.
Ikindi kandi, ayo masezerano at-eganya ubufatanye mu bindi bintu byose bya ngombwa kugira ngo isoko rusange rigende neza kandi
habeho gukura inyungu nyinshi zishoboka muri ubwo bufatanye.
Kugira ngo habeho ishyirwa mu bikorwa nyakuri ry’ubufatanye nde-tse n’ubwisanzure n’uburenganzira byavuzwe haruguru, Amasezerano afite imigereka ikurikira iteganya gahunda y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa n’uko ibintu bizajya bikorwa:1. Umugereka werekeye urujya n’uruza rw’abantu;2. Umugereka werekeye urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi;3. Umugereka werekeye uburen-ganzira bwo kubarizwa ahantu;4. Umugereka werekeye uburen-ganzira bwo gutura ahantu;5. Umugereka werekeye urujya n’uruza rw’imari shingiro n’6. Umugereka werekeye ishiman-girwa ry’ubucuruzi mu Muryango
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2.1. URUJYA N’URUZA RW’IBICURUZWA
Urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bigize Umuryango ru-gengwa n’amasezerano yo guhuza za Gasutamo hamwe n’imigereka yayo akubiyemo ibi bikurikira:- Ikurwaho ry’amahoro yo mu bi-hugu bigize umuryango;- Ikoreshwa ry’ Urutonde rumwe rw’amahoro ku bicuruzwa biva hanze yumuryango; - Gukoresha itegeko rimwe rigenga inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa;- Ikurwaho ry’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro;- Gukoresha Politiki y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu imwe; - Gukurikiza ingamba zimwe mu rwego rw’ubuzima.
2.2. URUJYA N’URUZA RW’ABANTU
Ni bande bifitiye akamaro ?
•Abaturage b’ibihugu bigize Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
Urujya n’uruza rw’abantu bi-saba iki?
• Kwinjira kw’abaturage b’igihugu kigize umuryango ku butaka bw’ikindi gihugu kigize umury-ango atagombye gusaba uruhushya
visa;• Urujya n’uruza rw’abaturage b’Igihugu kigize Umuryango ku butaka bw’ikindi gihugu kigize Umuryango atagombye gusaba uruhushya rwo kwinjira mukindi gihugu bita visa;•Kuba mu gihe runaka kw’abaturage b’Igihugu kigize Umuryango ku butaka bw’Ikindi gihugu kiri mu muryango;•Uburenganzira bw’abaturage b’Igihugu kigize Umuryango bwo gusohoka ku butaka bw’ikindi gi-hugu kigize Umuryango;• Kwita ku mutekano w’abaturage b’Igihugu kigize Umuryango mu gihe bari ku butaka bw’Ikindi gi-hugu kigize Umuryango.
Ni bande bemerewe kugenda mu muryango?
(a) Abashyitsi;(b) Abantu bashaka kwinjira mu gi-hugu kigize Umuryango ku mpam-vu zo kwivuza;(c) Abantu bajya mu bindi bihugu ariko bagaca ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize Umuryango; (d) Abanyeshuri bari mu mahugur-wa mu gihugu kigize Umuryango; ndetse n’(e) abantu binjiye mu gihugu kigize Umuryango kubera impamvu izo ari zo zose zemewe n’amategeko uretse impamvu yo gukora akazi
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cyangwa se yo kwikorera ku giti cy’umuntu.
Ni izihe nyandiko umuntu agom-ba kwitwaza?
• Urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira , ubwo ni ukuvuga: - Urwandiko rw’inzira; - Urwandiko urwo ari rwo rwose rw’umugenzi ; - Uruhushya rwemerera aban-tu gutembera mu bihugu bigize Umuryango;• Ikarita isomwa n’ibyuma n’ikarita iranga umuntu ikozwe ku buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ku bihugu bi-gize Umuryango byagiranye ama-sezerano yo gukoresha iyo karita iranga umuntu nk’urwandiko rw’inzira.
Ni ibiki bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yinjire, ature cyang-wa asohoke mu gihugu kigize Umuryango?
• Kwerekana urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira cyangwa ikarita iranga umuntu;• Gutanga amakuru yose ya ngomb-wa ku mupaka umuntu yinjiriyemo cyangwa asohokeyemo.
Uruhushya bisobanura iki?
Bisobanura uruhushya rwemer-
era umuntu kwinjira mu gihugu cyangwa kuhaguma mu gihe gito cyangwa se kongera kwinjira ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize Umury-ango, rutanzwe n’Igihugu kigize Umuryango cyakiriye umuntu. Bi-sobanura kandi uruhushya urwo ari rwo rwose rutanzwe muri ubwo buryo.
Hari amoko atatu ya bene izo mpushya:
(i) Uruhushya ruha uburenganzira umuturage bwo kwinjira mu gihu-gu kigize Umuryango akahaguma igihe kigera ku mezi atandatu ruk-aba rushobora kwongerwa mu gihe nyirarwo abisabye;(ii) Uruhushya rw’abanyura mu gihugu ruhabwa umugenzi unyura ku butaka bw’ikindi Igihugu kigize Umuryango;(iii) Uruhushya rw’abanyeshuri ruhabwa abantu bagiye kwiga mu kindi gihugu kigize Umuryango uretse umuntu ugiye mu mahugur-wa mu gihugu kigize umuryango mu gihe kitarengeje amezi abiri.
Ikiguzi cy’izi mpushya:
Ubu bwoko bw’izi mpushya buza-tangirwa ubuntu.
Ibibujijwe ku Bantu bahawe bene izi mpushya:
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Umuntu wese uhawe bene uru ruhushya ntabwo ashobora gusaba akazi mu gihugu cyamwakiriye, keretse gusa abanyeshuri bari kwi-menyereza akazi cyangwa se aba-kora amahugurwa mu byerekeye inganda.
Ivanwaho ry’Uruhushya :
Ibiro by’abinjira n’abasohoka bish-obora kuvanaho uruhushya igihe nyirarwo yakoze ibikorwa binyura-nije n’ibiteganijwe mu ruhushya.
Imicungire y’imipaka:
Imicungire myiza y’imipaka izatu-ruka ku mushyikirano y’ ibihugu bigize Umuryango hagatangwa inana mu Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri kuri ibi bikurikira:• Korohereza abaturage kwambuka imipaka y’Ibihugu bigize Umury-ango; •Gukingura imipaka ku mpande zombi;• Amasaha y’akazi ku mipaka; • Gukora amasaha 24 ku mipaka; •Inyubako za ngombwa kandi ziberenye n’imicungire myiza y’imipaka; •Guhuza ibisabwa ku binjira n’abasohoka ; ndetse n’ •Igenzura ry’ishyirwa mu bikor-wa ry’ibyemezo na gahunda ku
bijyanye n’imicungire myiza y’imipaka.
Ibibujijwe :
• Urujya n’uruza rw’abantu nti-bivanaho gukurikirana cyangwa se kwohereza umuturage w’Igihugu kigize Umuryango wakoreye icy-aha mu kindi gihugu kigize Umury-ango.
• Buri gihugu kigize Umuryango gishobora gushyiraho ingam-ba zibangamira urujya n’uruza rw’abantu zishingiye kuri gahunda za Leta, umutekano rusange, ndetse na gahunda zirebana n’ubuzima.
2.3. URUJYA N’URUZA RW’ABAKOZI
Abakozi ni kimwe mu by’ingenzu bituma habaho umusaruro kandi bi-gize isoko rusange. Urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi ruzatuma abaturage b’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bashobora gushaka mu muryan-go, uburyo bwiza bwo kubaho n’uburyo bwiza kandi bubanogeye bwo gukora akazi kandi bizanabaha amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere mu byerekeye ubuzobere mu kazi.
Umukozi bisobanura iki?
Ni umuntu ukora akazi, akagakore-
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ra undi muntu, kandi akagakora akurikije amabwiriza uwo akorera yamuhaye, umukoresha na we aka-genera umukozi igihembo.
Ni nde wemerewe kwimuka nk’umukozi?
• Ni abakozi basanwe ari abaturage b’ibihugu bigize Umuryango
Urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi bi-vuze iki?
(a) Gusaba akazi no kwemera akazi uhawe nk’uko wagapiganiye; (b) Kujya nta nkomyi ku butaka bw’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango ku-bera impamvu zo gushaka akazi;(c) Kugirana amasezerano y’akazi no gukora akazi hakurikijwe ama-sezerano y’akazi, amategeko y’Igihugu, ndetse n’uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza inzego z’Ubutegetsi; (d) Kuguma ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize Umuryango ku mpamvu z’akazi hakurikijwe amategeko y’icyo gihugu n’amabwiriza y’inzego z’ubuyobozi agenga umurimo muri icyo gihugu;(e) Kugira uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe no gusaba bikore-we mu mahuriro ko habaho uburyo bwiza kandi bunoze bwo gukora umurimo hakurikijwe amategeko y’igihugu umuntu akoreramo;
(f) Kugira uburenganzira n’ inyungu bikomoka ku kigega cy’Ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi nk’ibyo abakozi b’Igihugu umuntu yagiye gukoreramo bahabwa.(g) Kugira uburenganzira bwo ku-jyana n’uwo mwashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi bantu bawe. Icy-akora kwemerera abandi bantu b’umukozi bizakurikiza amategeko y’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango.
Uko kwimuka kw’abakozi kuza-korwa hakurikije iyihe gahun-da?
•Uhereye igihe Amasezerano azatangira gukurikizwa, ntabwo abakozi bo mu byiciro byose by’umurimo bazaba bemerewe kwimuka. • Buri gihugu kigize Umuryango cyashyizeho ibyiciro by’abakozi kinagena itariki buri cyiciro kiza-tangira gukurikiza ibiteganijwe mu masezerano.
Hashingiwe kuki mu kugena iby-iciro by’abakozi?
• Ibihugu bigize Umuryango byas-hingiye ku Rutonde Mpuzamahan-ga rw’Imyuga (ISCO) kugira ngo hagenwe ibyiciro by’abakozi. •Urutonde Mpuzamahanga rw’Imyuga (ISCO) ni rumwe mu ntonde mpuzamahanga z’ingenzi
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zemewe n’Umuryango Mpuzama-hangsa Wita ku Murimo (ILO).
Urutonde Mpuzamahanga rw’Imyuga (ISCO) rugabanya imirimo mo ibyiciro icumi (10) by’ingenzi, buri cyiciro kikaga-banywamo ibindi byiciro nabyo by’ingenzi, ibitari iby’ingenzi, nde-tse n’uduce duto dukubiye hamwe.
Urutonde rw’ibyiciro by’ingenzi nk’uko rwateganijwe n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku murimo (ILO) :
1) Abashingamategeko, abakozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru n’abayobozi; 2) Inzobere mu mwunga ; 3) Abatekinisiye n’inzobere mu mwuga ziciriritse ;4) Abakozi basanzwe ;5) Abakozi batanga za serivisi , abakora muri za butiki n’abakora mu masoko; 6) Abahinzi n’abarobyi babifitiye ubumenyi; 7) Abanyamyuga n’abacuruza ibikomoka kuri iyo myuga; 8) Abakora cyagwa bateranya in-ganda n’amamashini; 9) Abakora imirimo yoroheje ;10)Imirimo ijyanye no gukoresha ingufu.
Kuri ibi byiciro icumi, ibihugu bigize Umuryango byigabanije isoko ry’umurimo mu buryo bu-kurikira:
1. Repuburika y’u Burundi • Inzobere mu mwunga
2. Repuburika ya Kenya: • Abategetsi n’abayobozi ; • Inzobere mu mwunga • Abatekinisiye n’inzobere mu mwuga ziciriritse ; • Abanyamyuga n’abacuruza ibikomoka kuri iyo myuga;
3. Repuburika y’u Rwanda: • Inzobere mu mwunga ; • Abatekinisiye n’inzobere mu mwuga ziciriritse.
4. Repuburika ya Uganda: • Abategetsi n’abayobozi ; • Inzobere mu mwunga ; • Abanyamyuga n’abacuruza ibikomoka kuri iyo myuga;
5. Repuburika yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya: • Inzobere mu mwunga ; • Abatekinisiye n’inzobere mu mwuga ziciriritse .
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Uburenganzira bw’uwashakanye n’umukozi n’ubw’abana b’umukozi:
Uwashakanye n’umukozi nde-tse n’abana be mu gihe bajyanye n’umukozi bazagira uburenganzira bwo gukora akazi cyangwa bwo gukora imirimo ibyara inyungu. Ibibujijwe:
•Amategeko yerekeye urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi ntareba imirimo yo muri serivise za Leta keretse iyo amategeko n’amabwiriza y’Igihugu Kigize Umuryango abyemera;• Buri gihugu kigize Umuryango gishobora gushyiraho ingam-ba zibangamira urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi zishingiye kuri gahunda za Leta, umutekano rusange, ndetse na gahunda zirebana n’ubuzima.
Ihuzwa n’iyemerwa ry’ibikorerwa mu bihugu bigize Umuryango:
Kugirango habeho urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi Ibihugu bigize Umury-ango byemeye:
• Guha agaciro ibyemezo by’amashuri ya kaminuza n’Ibyemezo n’ibyamashuri y’imyuga byatanzwe, ibyemezo bigaragaza uburambe ku kazi
umunta yabonye, ibisabwa ko umuntu agaragazo afite, impushya n’ibyemezo byatanzwe n’ikindi gihugu kigize Umuryango;• Guhuza gahunda z’amasomo n’imfashanyigisho, ibizamini n’ibisabwa muri rusange byerek-eye kwemera Ibigo by’uburezi n’amahugurwa.
Ni ibiki bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yinjire, ature cyang-wa asohoke mu gihugu kigize Umuryango?
• Kwerekana urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira cyangwa ikarita iranga umuntu;• Gutanga amakuru yose ya ngomb-wa ku mupaka umuntu yinjiriyemo cyangwa asohokeyemo no• Kwerekana amasezerano y’akazi ku mukozi ushinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka.
Impusya:
Hari impushya z’ubwoko bubiri :• Urihushya ruha umuturage ubu-renganzira bwo kwinjira ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize Umuryango agiyemo akahaguma mu gihe kig-era ku mezi atandatu kugira ngo yuzuze ibyangombwa byose bisab-wa kugira ngo ahabwe uruhushya rw’akazi; •Uruhushya rw’igihe kita-
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rengeje amezi atandatu ruhabwa uwashakanye n’umukozi cyangwa umwana we.
Impushya zidasanzwe:
Hari amoko abiri y’impushya zi-dasanzwe:• Uruhushya rudasanzwe ruhabwa umukozi wabonye akazi mu gihe kitarengeje iminsi mirongo cyenda ( 90). Uru ruhushya ruha urufite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira kugu-ma no gukora ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize umuryango mu gihe kingana n’icyateganijwe mu ruhushya.• Uruhushya rudasanzwe ruhabwa umukozi ufite akazi k’igihe ki-rengeje iminsi mirongo cyenda mu gihe agitegereje guhabwa uruhush-ya rw’akazi.
Ni ibiki bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe uruhushya rw’akazi?
• Umukozi ufite amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kirengeje im-insi mirongo cyenga ku butaka bw’ikindi gihugu kigize Umury-ango asaba uruhushya rw’akazi mu gihe cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu y’akazi uhereye ku itariki yinjiriye ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu ari mo;• Kwerekana urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira cyangwa ikarita iranga umuntu;
• Kwerekana amasezerano y’akazi cyangwa ikindi cyangonbwa cyose umukozi ubishinzwe asaba;• Umukozi ubishinzwe, mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu uhereye igihe uruhushya rwasabiwe, aza-tanga uruhushya rw’akazi rw’igihe cy’ibanze kigera ku myaka ibiri gishobora kongerwa umukozi abisabye.
Izindi nshingano :
Umukozi uretse cyangwa se uhin-duye akazi, afite inshingano yo kumenyesha umukozi ubishinzwe, mu gihe cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu, ko yaretse cyangwa se ko yahinduye akazi yari yaherewe uruhushya.
Kwimwa uruhushya rw’akazi:
• Umukozi ubishinzwe ashobora kudaha uruhushya rw’akazi uwa-rusabye. Mu gihe urwo ruhushya rudatanzwe umukozi ubishinzwe agomba kumenyesha mu nyan-diko uwasabye impamvu atahawe uruhushya. • Uwasabye afite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra icyemezo kimwima uruhushya hakurikijwe amategeko y’icyo gihugu arimo. • Mu gihe hafashwe icyemezo cya burundu cyimana uruhush-ya rw’akazi, uwarusabye, uwo bashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi
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bantu be bazahabwa igihe gihagije cyo kuva muri icyo gihugu.
Ni ryari uruhushya rw’akazi rushobora guteshwa agaciro?
Uruhushya rw’akazi rushobora guteshwa agaciro igihe umukozi: (a) yirukanwe cyangwa avanwe ku ngufu ku butaka bw’igihugu kigize Umuryango cyari cyamwakiriye; (b) aretse cyangwa se atagikora akazi yari yaraherewe uruhushya; cyangwa (c) yabonye uruhushya mu buryo bw’uburiganya.
Nyuma yo gutesha agaaciro uruhushya rw’akazi, umukozi agomba mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu uhereye igihe uruhushya rwa-tesherejwe agaciro, (a) kuzuza ibis-abwa byose n’amategeko cyangwa (b) kuva ku butaka bw’Igihugu cy-amwakiriye.
Ni ryari umukozi ashobora kwiru-kanwa ku butaka bw’igihugu cy-amwakiriye?
• Icyemezo cyo kwirukana umu-kozi ku butaka gishobora kumufat-irwa iyo uruhushya rwe rw’akazi rwateshejwe agaciro kandi ntasho-bore kuzuza ibisabwa n’amategeko cyangw se wananiwe kuva ku bu-taka bw’igihugu cyari cyaramwa-
kiriye. • Mugihe habayeho kwirukanwa ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize Umury-ango, umukozi, uwo bashakanye n’bandi bantu be bazahabwa igi-he gihagije cyo kuva ku butaka bw’igihugu cyari cyarabakiriye.
Ni ryari umukozi ashobora ku-vanwa ku ngufu ku butaka bw’igihugu cyamwakiriye?
Igihe umukozi wafatiwe icye-mezo cyo kwirukanwa ku butaka bw’igihugu cyamwakiriye atavuye kuri ubwo butaka mu gihe cyagen-we, umukozi ubishinzwe ashobora kuvana ku ngufu uwo mukozi uwo bashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi bantu be.
2.4. UBURENGANZIRA BWO GUTURA AHANTU
Amasezerano ashyiraho Isoko Ru-sange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ateganya ubu-renganzira bwo gutura ahantu ku baturage b’Ibihugu bigize Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Nk’uko bisobanurwa mu Masezer-ano, “Umuturage w’Igihugu kigize Umuryango”, bivuga umuturage kavukire cyangwa umuturage kubw’amategeko akaba ari umutur-age w’Igihugu kigize Umuryango hakurikijwe amategeko y’icyo gi-
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hugu. Abafite uburengazi bwo gu-tura ahantu ni abantu ku giti cyabo, ibigo n’ amasosiyete.
Ni ibiki bikubiye mu burengan-zira bwo gutura ahantu?
Uburenganzira bwo gutura ahantu biha umuturage w’igihugu kigize umuryango uburenganzira bwo: (a) Gutangiza no gukomeza guku-rikirana ibikorwa by’ubukungu nk’umuntu w’ikorera ku giti cye; (b) Gushyiraho no gucunga ibikor-wa bye by’ubukungu ku butaka bw’ikindi Gihugu kigize Umury-ango; (c) Kugana, ku muntu wikorera ku giti cye, uburyo bwateganijwe bwo kwiteganyiriza hakurikijwe amat-egeko y’igihugu cyamwakiriye;(d) Kujyana n’uwo bashakanye , abana ndetse n’abandi bantu be.
Uburenganzira bw’uwashakanye n’umukozi n’ubw’abana b’umukozi:
Uwashakanye n’umukozi nde-tse n’abana be mu gihe bajyanye n’umukozi bazagira uburenganzira bwo gukora akazi cyangwa bwo gukora imirimo ibyara inyungu.
Ihuzwa n’iyemerwa ry’ibikorerwa mu bihugu bigize Umuryango:
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bizem-era ibyemezo bigaragaza uburam-be bw’amasosiyete n’ibigo, ibis-abwa ko isosiyeti cyangwa ikigo bigomba kuba byujuje , impushya n’ibyemezo by’ayo masosiyete n’ibigo, byatanzwe n’ikindi gihugu kigize Umuryango;
Ibibujijwe:
• Buri gihugu kigize Umuryango gishobora gushyiraho ingamba zibangamira uburenganzira bwo gutura ahantu zishingiye kuri gahunda za Leta, umutekano ru-sange, ndetse na gahunda zirebana n’ubuzima.
Usanzwe ari umukozi ashobora kwikorera ku giti cye?
Yego. Abakozi basanzwe ari abaturage b’Igihugu kigize Umury-ango bakorera ku butaka bw’ikindi gihugu kigize Umuryango bafite uburenganzira bwo kuguma kuri ubwo butaka bagatangira gukora ibikorwa by’ubukungu bibateza imbere nk’abikorera ku giti cyabo mu gihe bujuje ibisabwa bagomba-ga kuba bujuje iyo baza kuba bin-jiye ku butaka bw’Igihugu barimo baje gukora iyo bikorwa bikorera ku giti cyabo.
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Ni ibiki bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yinjire, ature cyang-wa asohoke mu gihugu kigize Umuryango?
• Kwerekana urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira cyangwa ikarita iranga umuntu;• Gutanga amakuru yose ya ngomb-wa ku mupaka umuntu yinjiriyemo cyangwa asohokeyemo
Impusya:
Hari impushya z’ubwoko bubiri :• Uruhushya ruha uwikorera ku giti cye uburenganzira bwo kwinjira ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize Umury-ango agiyemo akahaguma mu gihe kigera ku mezi atandatu kugira ngo yuzuze ibyangombwa byose bisab-wa kugira ngo ature ahantu; •Uruhushya rw’igihe kita-rengeje amezi atandatu ruhabwa uwashakanye n’umukozi wikorera ku giti cye cyangwa umwana we.
Ikiguzi cy’izi mpushya: Ubu bwoko bw’izi mpushya buza-tangirwa ubuntu.
Impushya zidasanzwe:
Uruhushya rudasanzwe ruzahabwa umukozi wikorera ku giti cye mbere y’uko yuzuza ibisabwa byose ngo (mbere y’uko ahabwa uruhusya
rw’akazi). Uru ruhushya ruha uru-fite uburenganzira bwo gukora ibikorwa by’ubukungu bimuteza imbere, ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize umuryango mu gihe kingana n’icyateganijwe mu ruhushya.
Ni ibiki bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe uruhushya rw’akazi?
•Gusaba uruhushya rw’akazi bikor-wa mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu y’akazi uhereye ku itariki yinjiriye ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu ari mo;• Gusaba uruhusya rw’akazi biher-ekezwa n’ibindi byangombwa bi-kurikira: -Urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira cyangwa ikarita iranga umuntu; -Icyemezo cy’uko umukozi wikorera ku giti cye yahawe ubu-renganzira, yiyandikishije, cy-angwa se ikindi cyemezo yahawe n’ubuyobozi gishobora kuba gi-hagije kugira ngo ature ahantu; -Icyemezo cy’uko umukozi wikorera ku giti cye afite imari shingiro ihagije n’indi mitungo ku-gira ngo ature ahantu; -Icyemezo cy’uko umukozi wikorera ku giti cye akora ibikor-wa yaherewe uburenganzira n’umukozi ubishinzwe muri icyo gihugu arimo; - Umukozi ubishinzwe, mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu uhereye
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igihe uruhushya rwasabiwe, aza-tanga uruhushya rw’akazi rw’igihe cy’ibanze kigera ku myaka ibiri gishobora kwongerwa umukozi abisabye.
Umukozi wikorera ku giti cye ashobora kwimwa uruhusya rw’akazi?
•Umukozi ubishinzwe ashobora kudaha uruhushya rw’akazi uwa-rusabye.• Umukozi ubishinzwe agomba ku-menyesha mu nyandiko uwasabye impamvu atahawe uruhushya. •Uwasabye afite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra icyemezo kimwima uruhushya hakurikijwe amategeko y’icyo gihugu arimo. •Mu gihe hafashwe icyemezo cya burundu cyimana uruhush-ya rw’akazi, uwarusabye, uwo bashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi bantu be bazahabwa igihe gihagije cyo kuva muri icyo gihugu.
Uruhushya rw’akazi rushobora guteshwa agaciro?
Uruhushya rw’akazi rushobora guteshwa agaciro igihe umukozi wikorera ku giti cye: (a) yirukanwe cyangwa avanwe ku ngufu ku butaka bw’Igihugu kigize Umuryango cyari cyamwakiriye; (b) aretse cyangwa se atagikora
ibikorwa yari yaraherewe uruhush-ya; cyangwa (c) yabonye uruhushya mu buryo bw’uburiganya.
Nyuma yo gutesha agaciro uruhushya rw’akazi, umukozi wikorera ku giti cye agomba mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu uher-eye igihe uruhushya rwatesherejwe agaciro, (a) kuzuza ibisabwa byose n’amategeko cyangwa (b) kuva ku butaka bw’Igihugu cyamwakiriye.
Ni ibihe bisabwa by’ikubitiro ?
Umuturage w’igihugu kigize Umuryango ushaka gukora igikor-wa cy’ubucuruzi mu kindi gihugu kigize Umuryango agomba:• Kwiyandikisha kandi akemer-erwa;• Kugaragaza ba nyir’ isosiyeti, abo bakorana, abayobozi no kugaraga-za uko umutungo uhagaze mu gihe atangiza ibikorwa byo gutura ahan-tu ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwe.
Ivanwaho ry’inzitizi
• Inzitizi zo mu rwego rw’Ubutegetsi zijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gu-tura ahantu zigomba kubarurwa zi-kamenyekana hanyuma zikazahita zivanwaho nyuma y’uko aya Ma-sezerano atangira gukurikizwa. • Inzitizi ziteganijwe mu mategeko
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y’ibihugu bigize Umuryango zigomba kubarurwa zikamenyeka-na, urutonde rwazo rugashyikiriz-wa Ihuriro (Inama y’Abaminisitiri y’Umuryango) mu gihe cy’umwaka uhereye igihe aya Masezerano azatangira gukurikizwa. Ihuriro rizatanga amabwiriza yerekeranye n’ikurwaho ry’izo nzitizi. • Mu gihe Igihugu kigize Umury-ango kimenye inzitizi yo mu kindi gihugu kigize Umuryango, ikaba itarigeze igaragazwa cyangwa indi nzitizi iyo ari yo yose, icyo gihugu kizabimenyesha ihuriro kibinyu-jije ku Munyamabanga Mukuru n’Igihugu iyo nzitizi irimo. • Igihugu kigize Umuryango kizaba cyamenyeshejwe inzitizi kigomba kuyikuraho mu gihe cyategetswe n’Ihuriro.
Iyemerwa ku mpande zombi ry’ibyemezo byatangiwe mu kin-di gihugu kigize Umuryango:
Mu gihe Igihugu kigize Umuryan-go, gisaba abaturage bacyo basha-ka gutangira ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kugira ibyangombwa buzuza nko kuba ari indakemwa cyangwa icy-emeza ko ibyo basabwa babyu-juje, umukozi ubifitiye ububasha wo mu Gihugu kigize Umuryan-go, azemera icyemezo cyatanzwe n’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha wo mu kindi gihugu kigize Umury-
ango nk’ikimenyetso gihagije ku baturage b’ikindi gihugu kigize Umuryango, kigaragaza ko ibisab-wa babyujuje.
Mu gihe Igihugu kigize Umuryan-go gisaba umuturage wacyo ushaka gutangira igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi, icyemezo cy’umutungo afite mu mabanki, icyo gihugu kizemera ibyemezo byatanzwe n’amabanki yo mu kindi gihugu kigize Umury-ango ku baturage bacyo, nk’aho bihwanye n’ibyemezo byatangiwe muri icyo Gihugu.
2.5. UBURENGANZIRA BWO KUBARIZWA AHANTU
Uburanganzira bwo kubarizwa ah-antu buzahabwa:• Umukozi ; • Umukozi wikorera ku giti cye; • Uwashakanye n’umukozi, uwashakanye n’umukozi wikorera ku giti cye, abana babo ndetse n’ abandi bantu babo. Kubarizwa ahantu bishingiye kuki?
• Uruhushya rw’akazi; • Uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ah-antu cyangwa uruhushya rw’abari kumwe n’umuntu.
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Isabwa ry’uruhushya rwo kuba-rizwa ahantu:
Umukozi cyangwa uwikorera ku giti cye ushaka kubarizwa ku bu-taka bw’Igihugu kigize Umury-ango cyamwakiriye, azasaba umu-kozi ubifitiye ububasha, uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu uhereye igihe yinjiriye muri icyo Gihugu cyamwakiriye.
Inyandiko agaragaza:
• Urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira cyangwa ikarita iranga umuntu;• Kopi y’uruhushya rw’akazi rw’umukozi cyangwa rw’umuntu wikorera ku giti cye;• Ikindi cyangombwa cyose ibiro by’abinjira n’abasohoka byasaba.
Itangwa ry’uruhushya rwo kuba-rizwa ahantu
Uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu ruzatangwa mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu uhereye igihe rwas-abiwe.
Gukererwa gutanga uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu
Gukererwa gutanga uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu ntibigomba ku-bangamira uburenganzira bwo kuba
mu gihugu cyacyiriye umuntu, mu gihe afite uruhushya rw’akazi, cy-angwa uruhushya rw’abari kumwe n’umuntu.
Igihe uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu rumara
Uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahan-tu rw’umukozi cyangwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye Uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahan-tu rw’umukozi cyangwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye kizangana n’igihe cy’uruhushya rw’akazi kan-di ntikigomba kurenga igihe kiri ku rwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira.
Uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu rw’uwo bashakanye abana cyang-wa abandi Bantu be Igihe cy’Uruhushya rwo kuba-rizwa ahantu rw’uwo bashakanye abana cyangwa abandi Bantu be kizangana n’igihe cy’uruhushya rw’abari kumwe n’umuntu, kan-di ntigishobora kurenga igihe cy’urwandiko rusanzwe rw’inzira rw’uwo bashakanye abana cyang-wa abandi Bantu be cyangwa igi-he cy’uruhushya rw’abari kumwe n’umuntu.
Kongererwa igihe uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu
Mu gihe uruhushya rw’umukozi
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cyangwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye rwarangiye, nibura mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu mbere y’uko rurangira, ashobora gusaba umukozi ubishinzwe w’Igihugu kigize Umuryango kurwongerera igihe.
Mu gihe umukozi cyangwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye adasabye ko uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu rwongererwa igihe, azahita ataka-za uburenganzira bwo kubarizwa ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu kigize Umuryango nyuma y’uko uruhush-ya yari asanganywe rurangira.
Umukozi ubishinzwe azongera igihe cy’uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu mu gihe urusaba agaragaje impamvu ashaka yahabwa ikindi gihe cyo kuba muri icyo gihugu.
Kongera igihe cy’uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu bizakorwa ari uko n’uruhushya rw’akazi rwon-gerewe.
Kutemererwa uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu
Umukozi ubishinzwe ashobora kutemerera uruhushya rwo kuba-rizwa ahantu uwarusabye. Umukozi ubishinzwe azamenyesha uwasabye mu nyandiko amumenyesha im-pamvu y’uko kutemererwa. Uwas-
abye afite uburenganzira bwo ku-juririra icyo cyemezo hakurikijwe amategeko y’icyo gihugu abamo.
Mu gihe hafashwe icyemezo cya burundu cyimana uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu, uwarusabye, uwo bashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi bantu be bazahabwa igihe gihagije cyo kuva muri icyo gihugu.
Kwirukana umuntu ufite uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ah-antu
Impamvu zo kwirukana • Gahunda za Leta, umutekano w’abantu n’impanvu z’ubuzima bw’abantu; cyangwa• Iyo hari ibisabwa utujuje cyangwa utubahirije bijyanye n’uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu. Mu gihe umukkozi ubishinzwe yirukanye umukozi cyangwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye, umu-kozi cyangwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye, uwo bashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi bantu be bazahab-wa igihe gihagije cyo kuva muri icyo gihugu.
Kuvanwa ku ngufu ku butaka bw’igihugu?
Igihe umukozi cyangwa umuntu
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wikorera ku giti cye, uwo bashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi bantu be bafatiwe icyemezo cyo kutemererwa uruhushya rwo kuba-rizwa ahantu cyangwa kwirukanwa ku butaka bw’igihugu cyamwaki-riye atavuye kuri ubwo butaka mu gihe cyagenwe, umukozi ubishinz-we ashobora kuvana ku ngufu uwo mukozi cyangwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye, uwo bashakanye, abana ndetse n’abandi bantu be.
Ihuzwa ry’amoko y’impushya zo kubarizwa ahantu
Uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ahantu ruzatangwa hakurikijwe ihuzwa ry’amoko y’impushya zo kuba-rizwa ahantu, imiterere, yazo, ama-faranga zigura, n’ibisabwa nk’uko bizemezwa n’ihuriro.
Uruhushya rwo kubarizwa ah-antu ruhoraho
Ibyerekeranye n’uruhushya rwo kubaraizwa ahantu ruhoraho bi-zagengwa na gahunda ndetse n’amategeko by’ibihugu bigize umuryango.
2.6. URUJYA N’URUZA RWA ZA SERIVISE /FREE MOVE-MENT OF SERVICES
Hari uburyo bune bwo gutanga za
serivise :• Uburyo bwa 1: Gutanga serivise zirenga umupaka – Muri ubu buryo serivise iren-ga gusa umupaka; Urugero: gutanga serivice bishob-ora kuba hakoreshejwe itumanaho.
• Uburyo bwa 2: servise itangiwe hanze y’umupaka : – Aha, uhawe serivise yambuka umupaka kugira ngo ahabwe ubwe serivise. Urugero: Gusura ingoro z’amateka ndetse no kwivuza mu kindi gihu-gu, ni ingero zifatika.
• Uburyo bwa 3: ubucuruzi, ubu-kora ahibereye : – Utanga serivise ashyiraho aho agomba kuyitangira mu kindi gihu-gu akoresheje amashami cyangwa abandi akoresha.Urugero: Serivise ya banki itanzwe n’umunyamahanga ufite banki.
• Uburyo bwa 4: umuntu ku giti cye uhibereye : – Abantu bimukira mu gihe gito ku butaka bw’ukeneye serivise ku-gira ngo bayimuhe baba bikorera ku giti cyabo cyangwa ari abakozi basanzwe.
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1. Servise z’ubucuruzi A. Servise zikorwa n’ababigize umwuga/Professional Services B. Servise za mudasobwa n’izindi zisa nkazo/Computer and Related Services C. Serivise z’ubushakashatsi n’amajyambere/ Research and De-velopment Services D. Servise z’amazu E. Servise zo gukodesha n’izo kugurisha zidafite abazikora F. Izindi serivise z’ubucuruzi
2. Serivise z’itumanaho A. Serivise z’amaposita B. Servise zo gutwara inzandiko C. Serivse z’itumanaho D. Serivise z’amashusho n’amajwi
3. Serivse z’ubwubatsi no gu-kora amapula (ibishushanyo by’amazu) A. Ubwubatsi bw’amazu muri ru-sange B. Servise z’ubwubatsi bw’ibindi bintu muri rusange C. Gushyira umuriro mu mazu no guteranya ibyuma D. Serivise zo kunogereza no kurangiza amazu E. Izindi
4. Serivise zo gukwirakwiza A. Serivise zo guhuza abantu (ubukomisiyoneri) B. Serivise zo kuranguza ( Whole-sale) C. Serivise zo kugurisha kimwe kimwe (Retailing )
ILISITI Y’URUTONDE RW’IBYICIRO BYA ZA SERIVISE
Ibihugu bigize umuryango by-iyemeje gufata ingamba zijy-anye n’amoko ya za serivise arindwi, kugira ngo ibisabwa byose mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi n’Umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO) bigerweho. Hongewemo ingingo ivugururamu masezer-ano, kugira ngo ibihugu bigize umuryango bishobore kugira im-ishyikirano ijyanye n’amoko 5 ya za serivise zikenewe cyane.
Ibihugu bigize umuryango harimo u Rwanda byatanze amoko aku-jurikira ya za serivise:(1)Serivise z’ubucuruzi,(2)serivise zi gukwirakwiza,(3)ubukerarugengo na serivise zisa na byo. (4) serivise z’imali, (5 )serivise z’itumanaho, (6) serivize zo gutwara abantu, (7) serivise z’uburezi.
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D. Guhagararira (Franchising) E. izindi
5. Serivise z’uburezi A. Serivise z’uburezi bw’amashuri abanza B. Serivise z’uburezi bw’amashuri yisumbuye C. Serivise z’uburezi bw’amashuri makuru D. Kwigisha abakuze (Adults) E. Izindi serivise z’uburezi
6. Serivise zo kwita ku bidukikije A. Serivise zo kuyungurura no kuyobora amazi yanduye B. Serivise zo gutwara imyanda n’amazi mabi C. Serivise z’isuku n’ibindi bisa nabyo D. Izindi
7. Serivise z’imari A. Serivise zose z’ubwishingizi n’izindi zisa nazo B. Serivise z’amabanki n’ibindi bigo by’imari C. Izindi
8. Serivise z’ubuzima n’iz’imibereho myiza y’abaturage A. Serivise z’ibitaro B. Izindi serivise z’ubuzima bw’abantu C. Serivise z’imibereho myiza y’abaturage D. Izindi9. Serivise z’ubukerarugendo
n’izindi zishamikiyeho A. Amahoteri n’aho kurira B. Ibigo bitwara abantu n’ibitwara abakerarugendo C. Serivise zo kuyobora abakera-rugendo D. Izindi
10. Serivise z’imyidagaduro, umuco na siporo A. Serivise z’imyidagaduro (harimo amakinamico amakonseri n’imikino y’imyamaswa) B. Serivise z’ibigo by’itangazamakuru C. Amaguriro y’ibitabo, kubika ibitabo, amazu ndangamurage n’izindi serivise ndangamuco D. Imikino n’izindi serivise z’imyidagaduro E. Izindi
11. Servise z’ubwikorezi A. Serivise z’ubwikorezi ku nyanja B. ubwikorezi ku nzuzi nini n’ibiyaga C. Serivise z’ubwikorezi mu kirere D. Ubwikorezi mu kirere cya kure (Space Transport) E. Ubwikorezi hakoreshejwe gariyamoshi F. Ubwikorezi hakoreshejwe imihanda G. Ubwikkorezi hakoreshijwe ibitembo ( Pipeline ) H. Serivise zunganira iz’ubwo
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bwoko bw’ubwikorezi
12. Izindi serivise zitagira aho zigaragara 2.7. URUJYA N’URUZA RW’IMARI SHINGIRO (CAPI-TAL)
• Gukuraho inzitizi no kudashy-iraho izindi shya zirebana n’urujya n’uruza rw’imari shingiro;• Nta vangura rishingiye ku bwenegihugu ku byerekeye uru-jya n’uruza rw’imari shingiro y’abaturage b’Umuryango;• Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’urujya n’uruza rw’imari shingiro rizagenda rigerwaho buhoro buhoro hakurikijwe inyandiko y’umugereka;• Inzitizi zishobora kubaho kubera impamvu zumvikana nk’igenzura gahunda za keta, amafaranga yabonetse mu nzira zitemewe n’amategeko, n’ibihano byemejwe n’ibihugu bigize Ururyango; • Ibihugu bigize Umuryango biza-fata ingamba zigamije gukumira ibintu byose byakwangiza urujya n’uruza rw’imari shingiro;• Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bigomba kumenyesha Ubunyama-banga ndetse n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango ibijyanye n’ingamba zigomba gufatwa.
Urujya n’uruza rw’imari shin-
giro mu Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ruzagengwa n’ibi bikurikira:
• Imari shingiro n’imigabane y’ ishoramari(Equity and Portfolio investments):(i) Imigabane cyangwa izindi nyandiko z’imigabane mu masosi-yete: • Igurwa rw’inyandiko z’imigabane z’abanyamahanga zigurwa n’ababarizwa mu gihugu kigize Umuryango ; • Igurwa rw’inyandiko z’imigabane z’abanyamahanga zig-urwa mu gihugu n’abadatuye mu gihugu kigize Umuryango ; • Igurwa rikozwe n’ababarizwa mu Gihugu (residents) kigize umuryango mu isoko ry’imigabane ryo mu mahanga (Participation of residents in foreign capital markets (Initial Public Offers (IPOs)); • Kugurisha cyangwa gushyira ku isoko inyandiko z’imigabane z’abanyamahanga bikozwe n’ababarizwa mu muryango kandi bikorewe mu gihugu kigize umury-ango; • Kugurisha cyangwa gushyira ku isoko imyandiko z’imigabane hanze y’umuryango bikozwe n’ababarizwa mu muryango
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(ii) Inyandiko z’ubwishingire n’izindi nyandiko zigaragaza umwenda(Bonds and other debt instruments): • Kugura mu gihugu kigize Umuryango, Inyandiko z’ubwishingire n’izindi nyandiko zigaragaza umwenda ziguzwe n’abatabarizwa mu muri icyo gihugu; • Kugurisha cyangwa gushyira ku isoko, mu gihugu kigize Umury-ango, Inyandiko zigaragaza um-wenda zigurishijwe n’abatabarizwa mu gihugu kigize umuryango; • Kugurisha cyangwa gushy-ira ku isoko, hanze y’Igihugu kigize Umuryango, Inyandiko zigaragaza umwenda zigurishijwe n’ababarizwa mu gihugu kigize umuryango;
(iii) Inyandiko z’amafaranga zigurishwa (Money market instru-ments) • Kugura cyangwa kugurisha mu gihugu kigize Umuryango, inyandiko z’amafaranga zigurishwa bikozwe n’abatabarizwa muri icyo gihugu; • Kugura cyangwa kugurisha hanze y’Igihugu kigize Umury-ango, inyandiko z’amafaranga zigurishwa bikozwe n’ababarizwa muri icyo gihugu.
(iv) Uburyo bw’Ishoramari rikore-we hamwe (Collective investment schemes): • Igurwa ry’ishoramari rikore-we hamwe mu Muryango bikozwe n’abatabarizwa mu Muryango (Purchase of collective investment schemes locally by non-residents) • Kugurisha cyangwa gutanga ishoramari rikorewe hamwe mu muryango n’abatabarizwa mu muryango (Sale or issue of collec-tive investment schemes locally by non-residents).
(v) Ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bindi(Derivative products): • Kugura cyangwa gutanga ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bindi mu muryango bikozwe n’abatabarizwa mu muryango (Sale or issue of derivative products locally by non-residents); • Kugura cyangwa gutanga ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bindi hanze y’umuryango bikozwe n’ababarizwa mu muryango (Sale or issue of derivative products abroad by residents).
• Ibikorwa bya za banki (inguza-nyo, ukuzigama inyungu itangwa ku nguzanyo, ubwicungure (amortization)
(i) Kwaka inguzanyo hanze y’igihugu kigize Umuryango bikozwe n’ababarizwa mu mury-
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ango;(ii)Gutanga inguzanyo hanze y’igihugu kigize umuryango bikozwe n’ababarizwa mu mury-ango( Lending abroad by resi-dents).
• Ishoramari ritaziguye/Direct Investments
(i) Ishoramari ritaziguye ryo mu gihugu(Inward direct invest-ments);(ii) Ishoramari ritaziguye ryo hanze y’igihugu(Outward direct investments).
• Kwimurira mu gihugu cyawe amafaranga avuye mu igurishwa ry’umutungo
• Irindi hererekanya ry’amafaranga cyangwa iyishy-ura ryerekeye ishoramari (Other transfers and payments relating to investment flows):
(i) Igurishwa ry’imigabane y’umuntu (Personal capital trans-actions).
UMUTWE WA III: IBINDI BYICIROBY’UBUFATANYE MU ISOKO RUSANGE
Kwizera imikorere myiza y’isoko rusange, ibihugu bigize umury-ango byiyemeje gufatanya mu byiciro bikurikira:
• Kurengera ishoramari ryambuki-ranya imipaka;• Ihuzwa rya politiki y’ubukungu n’imali;• Ipiganwa n’ubuzima bwiza bw’umuguzi;• Politiki y’ubucuruzi;• Ihuzwa rya politiki y’ubwikorezi;• Ihuzwa rya politiki y’imibereho myiza y’abaturage;• Gucunga neza ibidukikije;
• Ibarurishamibare;• Iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga;• Uburenganzira bw’Umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge;• Iterambere ry’inganda; • Ubuhinzi no Kwihaza mu biri-bwa.
3.1. KURINDA ISHORAMARI RYAMBUKA IMIPAKA
• Kurengera umutekano w’ ishora-mari ryambukiranya imipaka rikozwe n’abashoramari b’ibindi
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bihugu bigize umuryango;• Kutarobanura abashoramari b’ibindi bihugu bigize umuryango, bafatwa kimwe n’abashoramari b’igihugu kigize umuryango cyangwa ibindi bihugu byo hanze y’umuryango; • Mu gihe cyo kwimura abantu mu byabo, ingamba izo arizo zose za-fatwa zaba ari iz’inyungu rusange, nta vangura kandi hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko kandi nyir’umutungo agahita yishyurwa ikiguzi gihwanye n’umutungo wimuwe.
3.2. IHUZWA RYA POLITIKI Y’UBUKUNGU N’IFARANGA
• Guhuza no gushyira hamwe za politiki z’ubukungu n’ifaranga z’ibihugu, hagamijwe kugera ku bukungu budahungabana, izamuka rirambye ry’ubukungu n’amajyambere asaranganijwe; • Gushyira umukono cg kwem-era ibishingirwaho by’ubukungu nk’uko byashyizweho n’ihuriro. Urugerro: ijanisha ry’ihindagurika ry’ifaranga, ijanisha ry’umusaruro- mbumbe, uburyo bw’ivunja, ijanisha ry’unguko, ijanisha ry’ubwizigame, n’ibindi.
3.3. IHUZWA RY’INGAMBA MU URWEGO RW’IMALI
• Guhuza no gushyira hamwe
politiki y’inzego z’imali z’ibihugu n’amabwiriza shingiro ngender-waho bigamije imikorere myiza y’inzego z’imari z’ibyo bihugu n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishy-ura. • Kugira uburyo busobanu-tse bw’ihindurwa ry’ifaranga ry’ibihugu bigize Umuryango no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rya buri gihugu mu bikorwa byose byo kwishyura mu muryango.
3.4. IHUZWA RYA POLITIKI Z’IMISORO N’AMATEGEKO
Guhuza buhoro buhoro politiki z’imisoro z’ibihugu n’amategeko y’imisoro y’imbere mu gihugu no gukuraho ibitameze neza, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa, serivisi, imari shin-giro no guteza imbere ishoramari mu muryango.
3.5. IPIGANWAN’IMIBEREHO MYIZA Y’UMUGUZI
Ibihugu bigize umuryango biza-shyiraho amabwiriza akumira imikorere iyo ariyo yose iban-gamira ubucuruzi bwisanzuye.
(a) Amasezerano hagati y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, ibyemezo bya-fatiwe mu mashyirahamwe yabo n’imikorere bo ubwabo biyumvi-
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kaniyeho, bishobora kugira ingaru-ka ku bucururuzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize umuryango kuko biba bifite intego yo gutuma hatabaho, iyo kubuza n’iyo gushyira imbogamizi ku ipiganwa mu muryango; (b) Ibitekerezo byumvikanyweho biha ingufu igitekerezo nyamukuru gihuriweho na bamwe kandi kubera uko kumvikana ipiganwa rikaba ryaburizwamo mu muryango cy-angwa mu gace kawo;(c) Ukurengera uko ari ko kose gukozwe na kimwe cyangwa by-inshi mu bigo by’ubucuruzi bifite ibitekerezo bisumbye iby’ibindi bigo mu muryango cyangwa mu gace kawo.
Uretse iyo:•Amasezerano hagati y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi;•Icyemezo gifashwe n’amashyirahamwe y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi cyangwa;•Ibikorwa byumvikanyweho cy-angwa urwego rw’ibikorwa byum-vikanweho
bigamije guteza imbere umusaruro cyangwa ikwirakwizwa ry’ ibicu-ruzwa ku babikeneye , no kongera iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ imi-bereho myiza y’umuguzi kandi bidashyiraho imbogamizi zidaso-banutse zabangamira ukugera ku ntego z’isoko rusange cyangwa zikaba zigamije gukuraraho ipi-
ganwa ku gicuruzwa runaka.
Ibihugu bigize umuryango ntibi-zatanga inkunga iyo ariyo yose inyujijwe mu mitungo y’ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose yahungaban-ya cyangwa yateza ihungabana ry’ipiganwa nyaryo horoherezwa ikigo cy’ubucuruzi ku buryo bya-gira ingaruka ku bucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize Umuryango; ker-etse aho inkunga itanzwe yemewe n’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umury-ango cyangwa amategeko cy-angwa politiki by’Umuryango cyangwa ibyemezo by’ihuriro.
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango nti-bizakora ivangura rishingiye ku batanga ibicuruzwa, ibicuru-zwa ubwabyo cyangwa serivisi biva mu bindi bihugu hagami-jwe kugera ku ipiganwa risesuye mu rwego rw’amasoko ya Leta.
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango biza-teza imbere inyungu z’abaguzi mu muryango hakoreshe-jwe ingamba zikwiye arizo:a) Kwizera ko ubuzima bw’abaguzi bubungabunzwe kandi butekanye; nob) Gushyigikira ipiganwa ry-emewe kandi nyaryo mu rwego rwo guha abaguzi uguhitamo gu-hagije mu bicuruzwa na za serivisi byinshi kandi biri ku giciro gito.
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3.6. GUHUZA IBIKORWA BY’ UBUGENDERANIRE MU BU-CURUZI
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bizahu-za ibikorwa by’ubugenderanire mu bucuruzi bwabyo mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzama-hanga bwabyo n’ubugenderanire mu bucuruzi hagati y’umuryango n’ibindi bihugu hakurikijwe ama-hame rusange ajyanye na:(a) Amahoro;(b) Kwemeza amahoro n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi;(c) Kugera ku ngamba zimwe z’ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi;(d) Ingamba zo guteza imbere ibi-curuzwa bijyamwa hanze; (e) Ibyemezo byo kuzahura ubucu-ruzi.
Ihuriro rizashyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa by’ubugenderanire n’ibindi bihugu kandi:
(a) Rizafata ibyemezo byo kuvuga rumwe mu mishyikirano mu ku-bona inyungu zimwe mu masezera-no y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu; (b) Guharanira kugira uruhare no guhagararirwa ku impande zombi mu mishyikirano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi.
3.7. GUHUZA IBIKORWA BYA POLITIKI Y’UBWIKOREZIIbihugu bigize umuryango by-iyemeje guteza imbere politiki z’ubwikorezi zihujwe mu rwego rwo gutanga ibikorwa remezo by’ubwikorezi na serivisi byiza kandi binoze bishobora gupiganwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga hagami-jwe guteza imbere no gushyigikira ku buryo burambye isoko rusange.
Ubuhuzabikorwa bwerekeranye n’ibikoresho n’ubwikorezi hakore-shejwe inzira y’ubutaka, ya gariya-moshi, y’inzuzi zinyuramo amato, y’inyanjja, inzira z’ibitembo n’izo mu kirere n’ibindi bikorwa remezo nk’ibyambu, ibibuga by’indege, n’ibindi byambu by’imbere mu gihugu bidakora ku nyanja.
3.8. IHUZWA RYA POLI-TIKI Y’IMIBEREHO MYIZA Y’ABATURAGE
Ibihugu bigize umuryango by-iyemeje guhuriza hamwe poli-tiki zabyo z’imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu rwego rwo guteza imbere no kurinda ibikorwa byiza byagezweho no guteza imbere imi-bereho myiza y’ababituye kugiran-go hatezwe imbere isoko rusange.
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Izo politiki zirebana n’ibi bi-kurikira:
(a) Imiyoborere myiza, igi-hugu kigendera ku mategeko n’ubutabera; (b) Iterambere no kubungabunga uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu;(c) Itarambere ry’amahirwe angana n’ubulinganire bw’ibitsina byombi; (d) Iterambere no kurinda uburen-ganzira bw’abashigajwe n’amateka n’abandi badafite ubuzima bwiza; (e) Iterambere ry’indanga-gaciro zishingiye ku kwemera kw’abanyafurika, indanga-gaciro zishingiye ku mibereho n’indangagaciro zishingiye ku kuri n’ubutabera; (f) Iterambere ry’ubumwe n’ubufatanye bw’abatuye umury-ango.
Ibihugu bigize umuryango bi-zashyira mu bikorwa gahunda zikurikira:
(a) Guteza imbere kwihangira imirimo ;(b) Gushyigikira amategeko y’umurimo no guteza imbere uburyo bunoze bw’aho gukorera umurimo;(c) Gukuraho imirimo itegetswe y’agahato;(d) Kwita ku mutekano n’ubuzima by’aho abantu bakorera;(e) Gukuraho imirimo ikoreshwa
abana bato, by’umwihariko imiri-mo mibi cyane ibakoreshwa abana; (f) Guteza imbere uburezi buku-rikiza amategeko mu rwego rwo guteza imbere imibereho myiza;(g) Guteza imbere inyigisho z’umwuga n’iza tekiniki; (h) Kongera no guteza imbere ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi; (i) Guteza imbere ibiganiro hagati y’abafanyabikorwa bita ku mi-bereho myiza y’abaturage n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa; (j) Guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga; (k) Guteza imbere imikino; (l) urinda no kurwanya agakoko kamunga ukwirinda k’umubiri n’uburwayi buterwa n’ako , ma-lariya n’igituntu ; (m) Kurwanya no kurinda indwara z’ibyorezo n’izindi ndwara mu rwego rwo kongera isuku muri ru-sange n’ubuzima bwiza bw’abantu;(n) Kurwanya imyitwarire mibi mu baturage nk’ubusinzi, kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, n’indi myitwarire idakwiye; (o) Kuvanaho burundu magendu n’icuruzwa ry’abantu;(p) Kuvanaho ubujiji, indwara n’ubukene.
3.9. IMICUNGIRE Y’IBIDUKIKIJE
Ibihugu bigize umuryango by-iyemeje kubahiriza amahame
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y’imicungire myiza y’umutungo kamere n’ibidukikije kugira habeho imikorere ikwiye y’isoko rusange harwanywa ibikorwa byonona ibidukikije.
Ibihugu bigize umuryango bizuba-hiriza amahame akubiye mu itegeko mpuzamahanga ku bidukikije kandi byubahirize ibyo byiyemeje bire-bana n’amasezerano mpuzama-hanga yerekeranye n’imicungire y’ibidukikije.
Ibihugu bigize umuryango bizashy-iraho politiki rusange zizaba igi-subizo cy’ibibazo bishya byerekeye ibidukikije.
Icyitonderwa: Ibikubiye muri iyi ngingo ntibibuza ibihugu bigize umuryango guko-meza no kwerekana ingamba ziko-meye zo kwirengera ku byerekeye ibidukikije igihe zihuje n’ibikubiye muri aya masezerano ashyiraho iso-ko rusange.
3.10. UBUFATANYE MU IBARURISHAMIBARE
Ibihugu bigize umuryango bizafatanya kugira ngo imibare nyayo, yizewe yo mu ibarurisha-mibare iboneke mu gihe gikwiye, izafasha mu: a) Gusobanura, gusuzuma no ku-
genzura ingeri zose z’ibigize isoko rusange; b) Gufata ibyemezo nyabyo no gutanga serivisi zinoze mu isoko rusange.
3.11. ITERAMBERE RY’UBUSHAKASHATSI N’IKORANABUHANGA
Ibihugu bigize umuryango byiy-emeje guteza imbere ubushakashat-si n’ikoranabuhanga binyujijwe mu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku bikenewe ku isoko, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ribereye umury-ango, gushyigikira ku buryo buram-bye iyongera ry’ibicuruzwa na za serivisi no kongera ipiganwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga
Hashingiwe ku gika cya 1, ibihugu bigize umuryango bizakora ibi bi-kurikira:
a. Gusakaza ibyavuye mu bikorwa by’ubushakashatsi, gahunda z’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga;b. Koroshya kugera ku byagez-weho n’abashakashatsi n’izindi mpuguke;c. Gukangurira abikorera kujya mu bikorwa birebana n’ubushakashatsi bwo mu karere n’ihererekanya ry’ikoranabuhanga;d. Gufata ingamba zo guteza im-bere abakozi b’umuryango bakora
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ubushakashatsi;e. Gushyiraho no gushy-igikira ibikorwa remezo by’umushakashatsi n’ inzego zikora ubushakashatsi;f. Gufatanya na komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga n’izindi nzego zikora ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga; g. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugen-zura ibikorwa bivugwa muri iki gika.
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango by-iyemeje gushyiraho ikigega cy’ubushakashatssi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa iyi ngingo.
3.12. UBUFATANYE MU BURENGANZIRA BW’UMUTUNGO BWITE MU BY’UBWENGE
Ibihugu bigize umuryango by-iyemeje gufatanya mu rwego bw’uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge mu:a) Guteza imbere no kurinda ibihangano no guhanga udu-shya mu iterambere ry’ubukungu, ikoranabuhanga, imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’umuco; b) Gushyira ingufu mu kurinda uburenganzira bw’umumutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge ;
Hakurikijwe igika cya 1, ibihugu bigize umuryango byiyemeje gu-fatanya mu nzego zikurikira: (a) Uburenganzira bwa nyir’igitabo n’ubundi burenganzira bushamiki-yeho;(b) Icyemezo cy’ubuhanzi; (c) Ibimenyetso biranga inzira zinyuranye z’amashanyarazi;(d) Ibirango by’inganda; (e) Ubwoko bushya bw’ibihingwa (new plant varieties; )(f) Ibimenyetso biranga ibyerekezo by’isi(geographical indications);(g) Ibirango by’ubucuruzi na serivisi(trade and service marks);(h) Amabanga y’ubucuruzi(trade secrets);(i) Za moderi z’ingirakamaro (util-ity models); (j) Ubumenyi gakondo;(k) Uruhererekane rw’ibigize ibinyabuzima(genetic resources); (l) Umuco, ibitekerezo n’imbyino gakondo; (m) N’izindi nzego zizashyirwaho n’ibihugu bigize umuryango.
3.13. UBUFATANYE MU ITER-AMBERE RY’INGANDA
Ibihugu bigize umuryango by-iyemeje gufatanya mu rwego rw’iterambere ry’inganda mu mir-imo yerekeranye no gutanga ibicu-ruzwa na serivisi mu isoko rusange,
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kugira ngo hagerwe ku burumbuke burambye n’iterambere mu mury-ango.
Ku byerekeye igika cya 1, ibi-hugu byemeye amahame rusange akurikira:
a) Guteza imbere imikora-nire y’inganda n’izindi nzego z’ubukungu mu muryango;b) Guteza imbere inyongeragaciro n’ibicuruzwa by’amoko menshi hagamijwe imikoreshereze myiza y’umutungo;c) Guteza imbere ubushakashatsi mu nganda no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi, ihererekanya, ku-bona no kujyana n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho no kuriteza imbere;d) Guteza imbere ku buryo buram-bye kandi bungana mu by’inganda kugira ngo hitabweho ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu muryango; e) Gushyigikira iterambere ry’inganda nto n’iziciriritse no guteza imbere ba rwiyemezamir-imo bakomoka mu bihugu bigize umuryango; f) Guteza imbere ishoramari n’amahirwe y’akazi mu muryango;g) Guteza imbere ubumenyi bushingiye ku nganda;h) Guteza imbere umusaruro w’inganda n’ipiganwa ry’inganda ku rwego rw’igihugu, ku rwego
rw’umuryango no ku rwego mpu-zamahanga;i) Gushyigikira iterambere ri-rambye ry’inganda rigamije ibungabungwa ry’ibidukikije, icungwa n’imikoreshereze myiza y’umutungo; j) Gusakaza no guherekanya amak-uru mu by’inganda n’ikoranabunga.
3.14. UBUFATANYE MU BUHINZI NO KWIHAZA MU BIRIBWA
Ibihugu bigize umuryango byiy-emeje:
a) Guteza imbere no gushy-igikira ku buryo burambye ibijy-anye n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa, amatungo, amafi, amashyamba n’ibibikomokaho; b) Kwiyemeza ko ibyo kurya bihagije mu muryango, ni ukuvuga byinshi kandi bifite ubuziranenge.
Intego zo guteza imbere ubuhinzi no kwihaza mu biribwa mu isoko rusange ni izi zikurikira:
a) Kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi;b) Kugera ku mirire no kwihaza mu biribwa; c) Guteza imbere ishoramari mu buhinzi no kwihaza mu biribwa;d) Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushaka amasoko nyayo y’ibikomoka mu buhinzi mu muryango;
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e) Guteza imbere itunganywa n’inyongera gaciro y’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.
Hakurikijwe iyi ngingo, ibihugu bigize umuryango bizakora ibi-kurikira:
a) Gufatanya mu iterambere n’ubushakashatsi mu by’ubuhinzi;b) Gufatanya mu gutubura imbuto z’ibihingwa; c) Guteza imbere umusaruro n’itangwa ry’imbuto zifite ubuzi-ranenge haba ku bihingwa, ama-tungo, amafi n’amashyamba;d) Kongera ubushobozi mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi;e) Gufatanya mu gutubura imbuto , gukwirakwiza iterwa ry’intanga harimo n’amatungo yororerwa mu biraro; f) Guteza imbere, gucunga no ku-bika ibikomoka ku mafi ku buryo burambye mu muryango; g) Gufatanya mu igen-zura ry’udukoko twonona ibihingwa,kuko ari two dukwirak-wiza indwara z’ibihingwa; h) Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubona hakiri kare no kugenzura ukwihaza mu biribwa; i) Guteza imbere no gucunga ibiko-moka ku mashyamba ;j) Guteza imbere no gushyigikira ku buryo burambye ikoreshwa ry’amazi no kuhira imyaka; k) Kudahungabanya amasoko no
kwizera ko ibikoreshwa imbere mu gihugu n’ibyoherezwa hanze yacyo biboneka; l) Gushyiraho uburyo bunoze, ingamba n’amabwiriza rusange mu by’ubuzima;m) Gushyiraho no kongera umusaruro n’iboneka ry’inyongeramusaruro kandi big-ashyirwa mu bikorwa ku bwinshi mu bihugu bigize umuryango; n) Gukangurira abikorera ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’itangwa rya za serivisi zo kubushyigikira.
Ibihugu bigize umuryango byiyemeje gushyiraho ikigega k’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi kiza-fasha:
(a) Guteza imbere ku buryo buram-bye umusaruro w’ubuhinzi;(b) Gushaka amafaranga yo gushora mu buhinzi n’umutungo wo gukoresha; (c) Gushaka amafaranga yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bugez-weho n’inyongeramusaruro zo mu buhinzi ;(d) Koroshya kubona inguzanyo ku ngeri zose z’abahinzi-borozi aliko by’umwihariko abahinzi-borozi baciriritse; (e) Koroshya uburyo bwo kubona amafaranga kugira ngo abahizi bashobore kungera agaciro no kugira ubushobozi bwo gutunganya
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umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi; (f) Gushakisha imali iyo ariyo yose yo guteza imbere urwego cy’ubuhinzi.
UMUTWE WA IV: INGINGO RUSANGE
4.1. IMIKORERE Y’IBIGO
Hakurikijwe ibivugwa mu gika cya 3 cy’ingingo ya 76 y’amasezerano ashyiraho umuryango, Ihuriro rishobora gushyiraho no guha ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo ikigo ryasanga ari ngombwa ko cyiyobora isoko rusange. Inyigo yarakozwe yo kureba ishyirwaho ry’ibigo bibereye imikorere y’isoko rusange.
4.2. IYEGERANYWA N’IHUZWA RY’INGAMBA, AMATEGEKO N’UBURYO BW’IMIKORERE
Ibihugu bigize umuryango byiy-emeza kwegeranya amategeko no guhuza ingamba n’uburyo bw’imikorere byabyo mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa aya ma-sezerano.
4.3. INGAMBA ZO KWI-RENGERA
a) Ibihugu bigize umuryango byemeranyije gukoresha ingamba zo kwirengera mu gihe bigaragaye
ko ubukungu bw’igihugu bwahun-gabanye biturutse ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibiteganywa mu ngingo z’aya masezerano ;b) Mu gihe bigaragaye ko ubukun-gu bw’igihugu bwahungabanye, aho bigaragara ko hari ikigomba gukorwa ku buryo bwihuse, igi-hugu kirebwa n’icyo kibazo gifata ingamba zo kwirengera kimaze ku-bimenyesha ihuriro n’ibindi bihugu bigize umuryango, binyujijwe ku munyamabanga bukuru;c) Iyo bigaragaye ko ubukungu bw’igihugu bwahungabanye, igihugu kirebwa n’icyo kibazo kizagisha inama Ihuriro mbere yo gufata ingamba za ngombwa zo kwirengera.d) Ihuriro risuzuma ishingiro, n’ingaruka zavuka bitewe no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kwirengera zafashwe n’igihugu mu gika cya 2 n’icya 3, rikabifatira imyanzuro ihamye.
4.4. INGAMBA ZO GUSHYIRA MU BURYO IBITARINGANIYE (MEASURES TO ADDRESS IMBALANCES)
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Ihuriro ryemeza ingamba zo gushy-ira mu buryo ibitameze neza bituru-tse mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’aya masezerano ashyiraho isoko ru-sange.
4.5. IGENZURA N’ISUZUMA RY’ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RY’ISOKO RUSANGE
Hazashyirwaho uburyo ngen-gamikorere mu igenzura n’isuzuma ry’ishyirwa mu bikorwa by’aya ma-sezerano kugira ngo habeho:a) Kwizera ko ibikorwa by’isoko rusange bihuje n’intego z’aya ma-sezerano;b) Buri mwaka gusubira mu bye-meranyijweho by’umwihariko na gahunda ziri muri aya masezerano
kandi hagafatwa ingamba zo kwiz-era ko ibyo ibihugu bigize umury-ango byiyemeje na gahunda mu gihe cyemeranyijweho byubahirijwe. c) Gusuzuma ishyirwa mu bikorwa by’aya masezerano;d) Gusesengura impamvu izo arizo zose zitinza ishyirwa mu bikorwa by’aya masezerano kandi hagafatwa ingamba zo kurangiza ikibazo
4.6. IGIHE AMASEZERANO AZATANGIRA GUKURIKIZWA (ENTRY INTO FORCE)
Amasezerano y’Isoko Rusange yashyizweho umukono n’abakuru b’ibihugu ku italiki ya 20 Ugushy-ingo akaba yaratangiye gukurikiz-wa guhera ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2010.