republic of yemen · 1/14/2000 · 5. asser substation 5a. sana'a 33 kv configuration (golder...

E-270VOL. 3

Republic of Yemen

Public Electricity CorporationSana'a Emergency Power Project

Environmental Assessment

Annex Volume

September 1998

Carl Bro International als (

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Republic of Yemen

Public Electricity CorporationSana'a Emergency Power Project

Environmental Assessment

Annex Volume

September 1998

Carl Bro International aisEnerov Water and Environrnent Division

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPENDIXES

1. Map project area (1:50.000)2. Map project area- for EA (1:5.000)3. Map project area - site map (1:5.000)4. Dhahban Power Plant - draft drawing - site map/existing oil spillway system4A. Dhahban Power Plant - site plan prepared by Ansaldo5. Asser substation5A. Sana'a 33 kV Configuration (Golder Associates Inc.)6. Selected photographs from site visit7. List of References

ANNEXES

A. List of persons responsible for EA preparationB. List of Persons metC. List of meetings and public consultationsD. Minutes from meeting concerning public consultationE. Fuel oil specifications (Aden Refinery/Ma'rib Refinery)F. Risk assessment of groundwater contaminationG. TOR - Study for final disposal of waste oil and other oily wasteH. TOR - Mitigation of potential groundwater pollution at site of Dhahban Power PlantI. Outline - Management training programJ. TOR - Environmental consultancy assistance for PECK. Sana'a Emergency Power Project. Environmental Assessment. Supplemental

Environmental Studies. Golder Associates Inc., September 1998.

Appendix 1Map Project Area (1:50,000)

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Appendix 4Draft Drawing - Site Map/

Existing Oil Spillway System

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Site Plan Prepared by Ansaldo

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Appendix 5ASana'a 33 kV Configuration

SANA'A 33KV SYSTEM - CONFIGURATIONl

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Appendix 6Selected Photographs from Site Visit

Environmental Assessment - Dhaban Power Project April 1998Appendix 6

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Photo No 1 Dhahban Power Plant. Proposed site for new power plant within theestablished compound of the existing power plant.

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Photo No 2 Dhahban Power Plant - existing plant.

Environmental Assessment - Dhabaln Power Project April 1998Appendix 6

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Photo No 3 Dhlaban Power Plant seen from the Sana'a-Amran Road (direction southleast).

Photo No 4 Dhaban Power Plant at the middle left site of the photograph (directionnortheast).

I Appendix 7List of References

SANA'A EMERGENCY POWER PROJECT - EA

List of References

Ref 1. UNDP. Programme Support Document. YEM/97/100/A/01/99. SustainableEnvironmental Management.

Ref. 2 Yemeni NGO's & Quasi-NGO's. Analysis and Directory. Part I + II. May 1996.

Ref. 3 Offer for Rehabilitation of Dahaban (Sana'a) and El Hali (Hodeidah Power Stations.The Republic of Yemen. Ansalso Energia s.p.a. November 28, 1997.

Ref. 4. Dhaban (Sana'a) and El-Hali (Hodeidah) Power Plants. Technical-Economic Offer forExtraordinary Maintenance and Rewamping. Not dated. Grand Motori Trieste S.p.a.

Ref. 5 Technical Specification "A". Dhaban (Sana'a) Power Plant. Technical Specification forExtraordinary Maintenance and Rewamping. Not dated. Grand Motori Trieste S.p.a.

Ref. 6 Sana'a Emergency Generation. Tender Document. Solution 1. Diesel. July 4, 1997.Ansaldo.

Ref. 7 Dhaban and El-Hali Power Stations. Technical report of visit. Not dated. Grand MotoriTrieste S.p.a.

Ref. 8 Various design drawings:Dhahban Diesel Power Station. Cables and Pipes Trenches. Drainage Channel andGround Slab Details. DNC 6-027. 29/03/79.Dhahban Diesel Power Station. Cables and Pipes Trenches. Drainage Channel andGround Slab Details. Auxiliary Transformer Cells. DNC 6-026a. 16/05/79.Dhahban Diesel Power Station. Drainage System Scheme. DNC 6-024A. 29/03/79.Dhahban Diesel Power Station. General Layout. DNC 6.001/C. 29/10/78.Dhahban Diesel Power Station. Spillway Sewerage. DNC 6-024.Dhahban Diesel Power Station. Spillways Severe Scheme. DNC 6-025.

Ref. 9 60 MW Emergency Gas Turbine Power Generation Plant. Single-line and impedancediagram for Sana'a power distribution system. Bechtel. 1993.

Ref. 10 The Law for Work (published in The Gazette, Issue No. 5 published on 15th of March1995) (un-official translation into english).

Ref. 11 Foppen J.W.A, et. al. Sources for Water Supply. Evaluation of the effects ofgroundwater use on the groundwater availability in the Sana'a Basin. SAWASTechnical Report No. 5. Vol I: Main report. October 1996.

Ref. 12 SAWAS, Inventory of observation and Production Wells of the Sana'a Branch ofNWSA. Technical Note No. 11. 1995.

List of references Page: 1


Ref. 13 Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook - Part III. Engine-Driven Power Plants.The World Bank Group. September 1997.

Ref. 14 CONCAWE, 1968, Measures for the prevention of soil and groundwater pollution.CONCAWE Rep. No. 2522, The Hague

Ref. 15 BIOSCREEN, National Atttenuation Decision Support System, User's Manual,Version 1.3, 1996.

Ref. 16 Foppen J.W.A, et. al. Sources for Water Supply. Hydrochemistry of the Sana'a Basinand microbiology of the groundwater below Sana'a 1996. SAWAS Technical reportNo. 13. October 1996.

Ref. 17 Foppen J.W.A, et. al. Sources for Water Supply. Evaluation of the effects ofgroundwater use on the groundwater availability in the Sana'a Basin. SAWASTechnical Report No. 5, Vol II: Data Availability. October 1996.

Ref. 18 Italconsult. Water Supply for Sana'a and Hodeida. Sana'a Basin Groundwater Studies.Vol. I, Report. May 1973.

Ref. 19 Quotation of environmental mitigation measures for Dhaban Power Station New 30MW (5 x 6 MW) and Existing 20 MW (4 x 5 MW) from Ansalso Energia s.p.a dated 2March 1998 and a technical revised version for noise component and oil/watertreatment component) received 8. April 1998.

Ref. 20 Draft site lay-out drawing for new and existing power plant including siting of the newpower plant and draft design of oil spillway system. Ansaldo Energia. February 1998.

Ref. 21 8. Sana'a - Asser 132/33 Substation Upgradation Works. Project Status Report.Kennedy & Donkin Middle East Limited. Received 8. April 1998.

Ref. 22 The World Bank draft project documents. Sana'a Emergency Power Project, Annex 2:Rehabilitation of 20 MW Dhahban Diesel Plant; Annex 3: Expansion of 132/33 kVAsser Substation.

Ref. 23 Sana'a 33 kV System. Reinforcement Project. Prepared by General ProjectsDepartment, PEC. March 1998.

Other references applied

Air Pollution Loads, Saana'a (document obtained from EPC)



Ali Jabr Alawi and Nickolay V. Mezhelovsky. Groundwater Resources. GroundwaterResources Available for Development. ROY, Sana'a - Moscow 1995.

Dirk C. van Enk and Jac A.M. van der Gun. Hydrology and Hydrogeology of The Yemen ArabRepublic, a summary of available information. Yemen Oil and Mineral Resources Corporation(YOMINCO), Yemen Arab Republic and TNO-DGV Institute of Applied Geoscience Delft,The Netherlands. Report WRAY-1, August 1984.

Draft. Yemen. Proposed Dhaban Power Rehabilitation Project. Environmental Assessment.Terms of Reference. Faxed and received by CBI 03. November 1997.

Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. Vol. I-Er. World Bank Technical Paper.

Environment Protection Law No. (26) of 1995. Republic of Yemen. Council of Ministers.Environment Protection Council. English translation of origional Arabic text.

Foppen J.W.A, et. al. Sources for Water Supply. Evaluation of the effects of groundwater useon the groundwater availability in the Sana'a Basin. SAWAS Technical Report No. 5, VolumeV: Data book; well inventory Sana'a South and Shibam; Summary of well inventory by JICA.October 1996.

Fuel oil specification. Light diesel grade 2. Aden Refinery

Gideon P. Kruseman. Sources for Water Supply. SAWAS Final Technical Report andexecutive summary. December 1996.

Introduction of goals and principles. Yemen Water Protection Society

Law No. 8 of 1997 pertaining revision of some articles of Law No. 21 of 1994 regardingAntiques(un-official translation into english).

Meteorological Data 1986-93 on floppy disc. Civil Aviation & Meteorological AuthorityNational Action Plan for Environment and Development (NAPED). Programme for NAPED.FAO. ROME, September 1993.

National Environmental Action Plan. Environment Protection Council. Sana'a, 1996. TheRepublic of Yemen.

NWSA, National Water and Sewerage Authority, Ground Water Department. Sana'a WaterSupply Emergency Well Drilling Program. Completion Report. Volume I-II. June 1989.

Proceedings of the Seminar on the Status of the Environment in the Republic of Yemen.Sana'a, June 1-5, 1991. Environmental Protection Council, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.



Report on Analysis of Samples of Water. National Water and Sanitation Authority. Sana'a -Branch Laboratory.

The Economist Intelligence Unit Country Report. Oman and Yemen. 3rd quater 1995.

Orthophoto maps 1:5.000Topographic maps 1:5.000Topographic maps 1:50.000

World Bank Operational Directive 4.01, Environmental Assessment

World Bank, Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update No. 8, Cultural Heritage inEnvironmental Assessment

World Bank, Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update No. 11, Environmental Auditing

World Health Organization, WHO. Guidelines for drinking-Water Quality, Second Edition.Volume 1: Recommendations. 1993.

Yemen Development Cooperation Report. 1995.


m1. Annex AList of persons responsible

for EA preparation

SANA'A EMERGENCY POWER PROJECT * EA

List of Persons Responsible for EA Preparation

Team Leader Mr. S0ren Ponsbach Petersen. Environment Department, Carl Bro Internationala/s

Air Pollution Specialist Mr. Claus Primdahl S0rensen - Energy and Environment Division/CarlBro a/s

Hydrogeologist Mr. Brian Ingholt Pedersen - Carl Bro Civil & Transportation a/s

Power Plant Specialist Mr. Mogens Straarup - Energy and Environment Division/Carl Bro a/s

Local Consultant Director Ms Jamila Awadh, DANMILA TRADING, Sana'a, Yemen

Hydrogeologist Mr. Arnin Ibrahim Mahyoub, NWRA

Page: I

i Annex BList of Persons Met


List of Persons Met

Institutions Position/Name

Public Electricity Corporation Managing Director Mr. Yahia Al AbiadDeputy Managing Director Mr. Abdel Moati JonaidTechnical Deputy Director Mr. Salam BahakimProject Manager of Dhaban Power Project Mr. Yahya SalamHead of Technical Unit Mr. Asaad S.AI-AshwalTraining Manager Mr. Mohammed SabrahPurchasing & Storage General Manager Mr. Ibrahim A. Al-WareethProject Director Mr. Ali Mahmood Abdul-HamidEng. in Planning Department Mr. Abdullah Mere'e

General Manager Dhaban Power Plant Mr. Mohammed AlsayaniDeputy Manager Dhaban Power Plant Mr. Abdul Salam Sabrah

Environmental Protection Council Chairman of EPC Dr. Mohsen Ali Al-HamdaniSecretary General Mr. Hussein Al GuniedDirector of Environment Protection Mr. Anwar Abdul-Aziz NoamanEIA Unit Manager Mr. Faisal Ahmed Naser

Ministry of Electricity & Water. Chairman of the Technical Secretariat Mr. Anwer SahoolyTechnical Secretariat for Water Supply andSanitation Sector Reform

Ministry of Municipalities Deputy Governor Mr. Mohammed Mohammed Al-AmriGovernorate of Sana'a

National Water & Sanitation Authority General Manager Mr. Abdulla Ismail Al-MotwakelNWSA - Sana'a Branch Deputy Manager Mr. Abdullah Al-Muta'a

Laboratory Manager Mr. Ali Al-YadumiManager Sanitary Department Mr. Munir Al-Jahafi

National Water Resource Authority Chairman Mr. Jamal Mohamed AbdoNWRA Head of Studies Sector Mr. Mohammed Danild

Manager Adul Aziz AhmedHydrogeologist Mr. Amin Ibrahim Mahyoub

Sources for Sana'a Water Supply Project Manager Water Resource Department Mr. Hassan Al-SheikhSAWAS Hydrogeologist Jon W. Foppen (TNO - Institute of Applied Science,

The Netherlands.

Sana'a University PhD fellow - Sanity Engineering Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Al-HamdiFaculty of Engineering

Civil Aviation & Meteorolegical Authorithy Assistant Deputy Chairman for Meteorology Dr. Abdo A. Al-MakalehEng. Ahmed M. AL-Sirri

Ministry of Labour General Director Mr. Mohammed SalahDepartment of Public Health and Safety Manager of Safety Mr. Jarmal Abdulaziz

List of Persons Met PaLe: I


Ministry of Interior General Director Mr. Fadhj Mohsen Ai Al-AnshaliCivil Defence Head Office Director for Planning Mr. Omer Ali BadwiyanSana'a Hasaba Nearby Manager of General Directors Office Mr. Abdullah Al-Hamdi

General Organization for Antiquites, Museums Vice Precident Dr. Ahmed M. Shuga a AL - Dyeenand Manuscripts General Advocate Mr. Ali Abdul Razzak

UNDP, Sana'a Sustainable Development Advisor Dr. Abdulmajeid Haddad

World Bank Mission, Sana'a WB Manager for Infrastructure Projects in Yemen Mr. Urul Kirmani

EU Mission, Sana'a Office Manager Mr. Rainer Freund (telephone conversation)

Kennedy & Dunkin Office Manager Mr. John LambertLocal Office, Sana'a Quality Assurance Manager Mr. Ron Heyes

Ansaldo Energia Managing Director Mr. Loris BeccheroniResident Office, Sana'a

Wartsila NSD Corporation Director, Power Plants. Mr. Claudio PatarinoGrandi Motori Trieste S.p.A. Area Sales Manager (asst.), Power Plants. Mr. Stefano Fonda

Survey Authorithy Department for Maps

Royal Netherlands Embassy First Secretary Ms. Djoeke KoekkoekSana'a, Yemen Second secretary Mr. Ronald Goldberg

Friend for Nature Responsible for Information Mr. Hamoud Saleh Al-ouloufiMr. Hafedh. F. MohmedMr. Abdallah JaberMr. Abdallah Al Jabree

Yemen Water Protection Society Vice President Mr. Ali Gabr AlawiCommitte member Dr. Mohamed FaraSecretaire YWPS Mr. Noori GamalCommitte member Mr. Ali Al WazirCommitte member Mr. Mohammed Danild

Sana'a Sewage Treatment Plant under National Plant ManagerWater and Sanitation Authority

Public Consultation Farmer Mr. Abdulrahman Al-DailamiAlgabel villageFarmer Mr. Mohammed SaierJader villageFarmer Mr. Abdullah WaselDhaban village

Local Constructor (expansion of outlet system) Mr. Ali MajedDhaban Power Plant

List of Persons Met Pa2e: 2


Al Mukallah Power Project Project Manager Mr. Ids Klomp (telephone conversation)

Atlanta. Trading & Engineering Services Co. Partner Mr. Alan Pashkevich

Danmila Trading & Services Director Ms. Jamila Abed Awadh

List of Persons Met Page: 3

I

Annex CList of Meetings and Public Consultations


Brief Overview of Conducted Meetings

30.11.97Arrival Sana'a, Yemen late sonday evening.

01.12.97Meeting Public Electricity Corporation (PEC) with Deputy Director, Project Manager forpower project and Head of Technical Unit. A brief introduction to the project and the existingpower plant was made. Discussion of various components. Arrangement for site visit thefollowing day was agreed.

Meeting Environmental Protection Council (EPC) with General Secretary and Director.Project and project background was discussed. The role and functions of EPC were presented.

02.12.97Site visit - Dhaban Power Plant. Meeting with Vice Manager for the Power Plant.Extensivevisit to the plant in order to familiarize with the plant and the surroundings. Collection ofbackground data and photographs. Meeting agreed concerning additional data.

03. 12.97Meeting PEC concerning additional material.

Meeting Faculty of Engineering with PhD student, which have performed studies of watersupply and ground water pollution in the Sana'a area.

Meeting National Sewage and Water Authority, Sana'a branch with General Manager,Deputy Manager, Manager for Laboratory and Manager for Sewage Treatment. Receivedgeneral information concerning drinking water extraction, sewage water treatment andmonitoring set-up.

04.12.97Meeting PEC with Head of Technical Unit, Project Manager and PEC Training Managerconcerning various project components and follow-up.

Meeting Civil Aviation Metereological Authority with Deputy Chairman in order to identifymetereological data for the air pollution component.

Site visit to power plant. The plant was visited during start-up and operation of unit 1.

05.12.97Non-working day.

06.12.97Meeting Department for Public Health and Safety with General Manager and SafetyManager.

Meetings - 1. site visit Page: I


Meeting with Suvey Authority in order to identify suitable maps.

Meeting PEC.

07. 12.97Short meeting PEC for collection of various letters of introductions.

UNDP Library. Visit to library in order to collect various background information.Meeting General Organization of Antiquites, Museums and Scripts with Vice Presidentand General Advocat concerning rules and regulations with respect to protection of historicalsites and antiquites.

08.12.97Meeting PEC for delivery and discussion of status for remaining issues.

Meeting WB Manager for Infrastructure Projects in Yemen for a brief presentation ofpresent findings and problems.

Meeting UNDP Sustainable Advisor. General discussion of the environmental issues andpriorities.

Meeting Civil Defence Head Office Sana'a with General Director and other managersconcerning emergency set-up and fire fighting services in relation to Dhaban Power Plant.

09.12.97Meeting PEC concerning agreement for public consultation and misc. questions.

Public consultation at Dhaban Power Plant. Specific minutes elaborated.

Site visit to power plant and meeting with Plant Manager for clarification of of outstandingissues.

Meeting with PEC for a meeting with Deputy Manager.

Site visit to power plant in order to clarify set-up in relation to extension of oil spillwaysystem.

10.12.97Meeting Governorate of Sana'a with the Vice Governor concerning planning issues for theDhaban area, general environmental policy in the Governorate and other related issues. ct theenvironment.

Meeting EPC with the General Secretary in order to discuss project status and clarify the roleof EPC in the decision process.

Short meeting PEC.

Meetings - 1. site visit Page: 2


The Yemen Water Protection Society is participating in a joint co-operation with other NGO's calledSupporters of the Environment Society (SES).

Meeting with the NGO Friends of Nature. The meeting was arranged to inform about the Sana'aEmergency Power Project, the draft results of the EA and to achieve comments for the draft report.Finally the objective was to achieve information about the NGO and information about the influence ofNGO's on the environmental policy on national and local levels. A copy of the draft Report including asummary translated into Arabic was given to the NGO.

The meeting was attended by 4 members of the organisation, Ms. J. Awadh 'and Mr. S. Petersen. Namesof participants are given in the List of Persons Met. The Consultant gave a brief overview of thebackground for the project, the results of the assessment and an outline for the further activities.Specific questions for the presentation were answered. It was agreed that further comments orquestions, if any should be given to Danmila Trading or directly to the Consultant within the next 2weeks.

The representatives for Friend of Nature appreciated the possibility to achieve information about theproject. They informed that the Dhahban area was of specific interest for environmental protection dueto protection interests of the large underground water resources in the area. Specific research work forhuman health effects from polluted ground water has also been carried out in the area.

The Friends for Nature is a private NGO started in 1994 and has today approximately 500 members allover Yemen. The organisation has approval and is authorised by the Ministry of Labour and SocialWelfare. The organisation is stated as a non-political organisation with main tasks to develop publicawareness for environmental protection and to support research and other means within the overallenvironmental field. The work is financed by membership contribution and other fundings includingIUCN. The work is closely co-ordinated with the EPC. Friends for Nature is also working fordevelopment for a legal basis for support of implementation of environmental means and measures.

The Friends for Nature is participating in a joint co-operation with other NGO's called Supporters ofthe Environment Society (SES).

12.02.98Meeting at Technical Secretariat for Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Reform withChairman of the Technical Secretariat Mr. Anwer Sahooly in order to obtain comments for earliersubmitted draft EA report.

Meeting at Governorate of Sana'a with Deputy Governor Mr. Mohammed Mohammed Al-Amriin order to obtain comments for earlier submitted draft EA report.

Meeting at PEC with representatives from PEC, Ansaldo and Kennedy & Donkin in order todiscuss specification and cost estimating of proposed environmental mitigation measures.

Meeting with representatives from Ansaldo in order to discuss environmental mitigation measuresrelated to the responsibility of the Contractor.

14.02.98Meeting at National Water & Sanitation Authority, NWSA - Sana'a Branch with GeneralManager, Manager for Sanitary Department and Laboratory Manager in order to obtain comments forearlier submitted draft EA report.

Meeting notes - 2. site visit Page: 2


Meeting Dutch Embassy with First and Second Secretary concerning Dutch developmentassistance within the environment field.

11.12.97Visit to Sana'a Sewage Treatment Plant in order to investigate possibilities for combinationof sewage treatment and cleaning of oil polluted soil.

Short visit to National Authority of Sewage and Water.

Visit to PEC in order to discuss status for project.

12.12.97Preparation of de-briefing notes

13.12.97Meeting Chairman of the Technical Secretariat of Ministry of Electricity and Water inorder to identify information about general sector planning and organisation in the Ministry.

Meeting in the Technical Department of PEC with Project Director in order to clarifyspecific issues in relation to Dhaban Power Plant.

Site visit and inspection of right-of-way.

Meeting with former Power Plant Manager in order to clarify specific issues in relation tothe Dhaban Power Plant.

Meeting PEC with Deputy Director and Project Director. Discussion of conclusions.

14.12.97Debriefing meeting with Managing Director PEC. Debriefing notes and draft time tablesubmitted and accepted.

Debriefing meeting with Director EPC. Debriefing notes and draft time table submitted andaccepted.

Departure to Denmark

Meetings - 1. site visit Page: 3


Brief Overview of Conducted Meetings - Interactive Review

08.02.98Arrival Sana'a, Yemen late Sunday evening.

09.02.98Meeting Public Electricity Corporation (PEC) for comments to the draft EA report with DeputyDirector, Project Manager for the power project and Head of Technical Unit. Further participatedconsultants from Kennedy & Dunkin and Ansaldo Energie.

10.02.98Meeting Environmental Protection Council (EPC) for comments for the draft EA report withChairman of the Council, the Secretary General and the EIA Unit Manager. From PEC participatedHead of Technical Unit and the Project Manager for power project.

Meeting with Project Manager from PEC for specific report comments.

Submission of draft EA report to General Organization for Antiquites, Museums andManuscripts

Review of first part of comments from the World Bank.

11.02.98Meeting with the NGO Yemen Water Protection Society. The meeting was arranged to informabout the Sana'a Emergency Power Project, the draft results of the EA and to achieve comments for thedraft report. Finally the objective was to achieve information about the NGO and information about theinfluence of NGO's on the environmental policy on national and local-levels. A copy of the draftReport including a summary translated into Arabic was given to the NGO. A copy of introduction togoals and principles for the work of the Society was received.

The meeting was attended by 5 member of the steering committee including the Vice President, Ms. J.Awadh and Mr. S. Petersen. Names of participants are given in the List of Persons Met. The Consultantgave a brief overview of the background for the project, the results of the assessment and an outline forthe further activities. Specific questions for the presentation were answered. It was agreed that furthercomments or questions, if any should be given to Danmila Trading or directly to the Consultant withinthe next 2 weeks. The representatives for Yemen Water Protection Society appreciated the possibilityto achieve information about the project.

The general conditions for the water resource situation in the project area in specific and in Yemen ingeneral, were discussed. Main threats to the ground water resources besides over exploitation of theresources were infiltration into the ground water of sewage water, drainage water from land fills andhazardous compounds as oily compounds.

The Yemen Water Protection Society is a private NGO started in 1996 and has today approximately100 members all over Yemen. The organisation has approval and is authorised by the Ministry ofLabour and Social Welfare. The Society is stated as a non-political organisation with main tasks todevelop public awareness for water protection and to support research and other means within the field.The work is financed by membership contribution, other funding and is presently applying for meansfrom a public fund for support of NGO activities.

Meeting notes -2. site visit Page: I


Meeting at National Water Resource Authority, NWRA with Chairman of NWRA and Head ofStudies Sector in order to obtain comments for earlier submitted draft EA report.

Meeting at PEC with Deputy Director and Manager of Technical Department in order to discussremaining issues listed in a previous submitted fax.

15.02.98Meeting at PEC with Deputy Director, Project Manager and Head of Technical Department in order tofinalise discussions of proposed environmental mitigation measures.

Meeting at PEC with PEC, Ansaldo and Kennedy & Donkin. The meeting discussed the projectcomponent for rehabilitation of the existing power plant as basis for further contract negotiations.

Meeting at World Bank, Sana'a Office with task manager for infrastructure projects.

The Arabic version of the Executive Summary has been submitted to the World Bank for qualityassurance.

Return to Denmark.

Meeting notes - 2. site visit Page: 3

Annex DMinutes from Meeting

Concerning Public Consultation


Public Consultations - Proposal for Approach

According to the World Banks procedures for Environmental Assessment (EA), views ofaffected groups and local NGO's (nongovernmental organisations) have to be taking fully intoaccount in the project design and implementation and in particular in the preparation of the EA.The purpose of taking the views of the affected people into account is to improve projectviability.

With respect to the said project, it is proposed to perform public consultations on two levels: onlocal community level and on NGO level. The local community level and contact persons haveto be defined in coorporation with PEC. CBI has further developed a list of relevant localNGO's, which should be included in the consultations

It is further proposed to present the following issues and questions on public consultationmeetings:

1. Presentation of the project concept: rehabilitation of existing plant and expansion withan additional plant of 30 MW. Advantages will be improved power supply includingimproved supply stability and potential possibilities for local employment. Potentialdisadvantages could be increased impact from air pollution (exhaust gasses) andproblems with increased noise levels in case environmental mitigation measures arenot considered.

2. Clarifying questions for the project, if any.

3. Questions for public consultations: Which impact has been experienced during theprevious periods of plant operations. Positive and negative.

4. Which potential impact are expected caused by the present project?

Public consultations Page: 1


Public Consultation Meeting - Meeting with local village leaders

Date: Tuesday 09. December 1997Place: Dhahban Power Plant

Participants:

Mr. Abdulrahman AldailamiOccupation: FarmerAlgabel village (approximately 6.000 inhabitants - 5 kilometers from Dhaban Power Plant)

Mr. Mohanmmed SaierOccupation: FarmerJader village (approximately 1.500 inhabitants - 3 kilometers from Dhaban Power Plant)

Mr. Abdullah WaselOccupation: FarmerDhahban village (approximately 1.500 inhabitants - 1.5 kilometers from Dhaban Power Plant)

Claus Primdahl S0rensen (Carl Bro International als)S0ren P. Petersen (Carl Bro International als)General Manager Ms. Jamila Abed Awadh (Danmila Trading & Services) - acting asinterpretator.

Meeting minutes:

1 . Mr. Petersen presented the background for the meeting and explained that the meetingwas a part of the World Bank procedures to secure that views of affected groups haveto be taking fully into account in the project design. The project for rehabilitation of theexisting power plant and construction of the new 30 MW diesel power plant wasbriefly described.

2. No clarifying questions were stated.

3. Mr. Petersen asked about the position of the three local participants and their positionswere described as local community leaders.

4. Concerning impact from the previous operational praxis on the power plant, nonegative impacts have been registrated in either of the areas. The area just around thepower plant was described as a low-density populated area, mainly used for industrialpurposes. The only mentioned (potentially) sensitive institution nearby (3.5 km) was aprimary school. The nearest hospital is located in Sana'a 15 km away.



As positive effects of the power plant operation, local employment was mentioned.Approximately 20 local persons were employed by the plant, mainly as guards orordinary workers.

5. Concerning impacts from the construction and operation of the new 30 MW powerplant, only positive effects were expected concerning increased stability of powersupply and the positive potential for employment.

6. Mr. Petersen closed the meeting with thanks to the participants for their appearance.

9. December 1997

S0ren P. PetersenCarl Bro International a/s


Annex EFuel Oil Specifications

i3 115 P E C SANA'A

FUELOILSPECIFICATION bU L.

PR>flDCTW O-DrM TL .

LIGHT DIESEL - GRADE 2ADEN REFINERY

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-7 ---- 4l er. sF 46/1OO1^ 3 534

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ri' h°::s%t 5.5= g

FUEL OIL SPECIFICATION

LIGHT DIESEL - GRADE 2MA'RIB REFINERY

FUEL OIL ANALYSIS

Net heating value, MJ/KG 43.15API gravity 32.2*Cloud point, OC -8*Sulfur, % max. (by weight) 0.20color less than 1.0sour point, OC -25Flash point, 66*Cetane 50.1*Nitrogen. %max (by weighr) 0.03Vanadium, 0.5Sodium end potassium,ppm less than 1.0Calicium, ppm' less than 2.0Lead, ppm' less than 1.0Ash, ppm' max 50Water content, vo1. %max. 0.10Filterabie dirr. mg/ OOmi. max 4

*These values are assumed values and may change receiptof final distillate oil corpoSiti.on.

-ppm by weight

Tec7l1/Ar~

Annex FRisk assessment of groundwater contamination


ASSESSMENT

Impacts on water quality at Dhahban Power Plant

The following sections provides an assessment of environmental impact related to downwardsinfiltration of reject water from the demineralisation process and oil polluted waste water fromthe identified non-lined underground reservoir.

The rejected water from the demineralisation process contains the following chemical products

Na 2 S 2 0 5

NaOHH 2 SO4

Calciumhypoclorite 68%

NaOH and H2SO4 are very strong basic and acidic chemicals and should not be dischargedbefore the pH value has been neutralised. The practise of discharging without neutralising willkill vegetation and potential bacteria existing in the subsurface.

Only sparse detailed and contradicting information has been available, especially regarding thegeology/hydrogeology very close to the discharge area, the amount of waste oil discharged andthe period of discharging polluted water. These parameters have therefore been estimated toobtain a conservative evaluation of the groundwater contamination risk.

The relevant borehole profiles describing the geology in the area are listed in table 2 (section4.3 of this report). From the 1:5,000 maps obtained, the ground level of the undergroundreservoir is approximately 2,225 m.a.s.l. A conservative estimate of the geological sequencebelow the seepage hole is believed to be basalt tuff from 2,160-2,225 m.a.s.l., and Tawilahsandstone from <1,960-2,160 m.a.s.l..

As shown in table 2, the static water level in the area is situated in approximately 2,100 m.a.s.l.,which means that the groundwater level below the reservoir is situated approx. 125 m belowthe ground surface.

Transport in the unsaturated zoneThe following example is based on a number of preconditions which had to be made in order tobe able to prepare rough calculations on the identified problem.

The contaminated water is expected to enter the unsaturated zone at a depth of 25 m below thesurface, believed to be the bottom of the reservoir hole. Quantities of oil and water dischargedhave been estimated to Qwater _ 1,500 m3/year, Qlubicating oil = 10 m3 /year and Qdiesel fuel= 1,2 m3 /year, for the last two years. As the oil discharge period is not known exactly, a fourand seven year period of discharging oil has also been taken into account.

The transport of contaminated water from the reservoir to the saturated Tawilah sandstoneaquifer is conservatively estimated, i.e. oil degradation, retardation and dispersion processes are

Impacts on water quality at Dhahban Power Plant Page: I


not included. Furthermore, impermeable and semi-impermeable geological layers are not takeninto account, allowing the oil contaminated water to seep directly and only verticallydownwards. This approximation is very conservative, but is used due to the lack of detailedinformation, and to assess if a conservative approximation will exceed the WHO standardguidelines.

Although oil compounds are virtually insoluble in water, they contain constituents that aresufficiently soluble to impact flavour, odour and healthiness of water. The solubility depend onthe compound and Danish research has determined that fuel oil has a solubility of 5-12 mg/land gasoline 180-320 mg/L. The maximum depth of penetration of the heavier oil compoundscan be estimated from the following equation (ref. 14):

D= IOOOV/(AxRxk)

where D is the maximum depth of penetration of the less soluble oil, mV is volume of infiltration oil, m3

A is the area of infiltration, m2

R is the retention capacity of the soil, l/m3

k is an approximate correction factor for various oil viscosities.

Yemeni authorities are not certain how long waste oil has been discharged into the reservoirand do not have the information on the amounts of lubricating/diesel oil which have beendischarged into the spillway system. The area of infiltration was stated to be 2 m x 2 m = 4 m2

by the company who constructed the reservoir. From the site visit, it was not possible toobserve the surface area of the pit, as it was covered by gravel/garbage. In table 6, themaximum depth of penetration has been calculated using equations for a period of 2, 4 and 7years of discharging oil and the parameters R = 25 1/ m3 , k = 1 and A =4 i 2 .

2 Years 4 Years 7 YearsEstimated oil discharged (mIn) 22 X 60 100Max. depth of penetration (m) 220 600 1000Oil reaching the groundwater (mi) 12 50 90

Table 1. Maximum penetration, amount and spread after 2, 4 and 7 years of waste oildischarged to the reservoir.

The results in table 6 show that with only 2 years of discharging oil the penetration depthexceeds the depth to the groundwater (as oil is lighter than water the real max. depth ofpenetration will be approximately above the watertable). The amount of oil to reach thesaturated water table has been calculated as the estimated oil discharge subtracted the amountretained in the unsaturated zone. The applied equation does not take into consideration that theupper volcanic tuff layer may very well be stratified with layers of high and low permeabilities(as it is observed to be in the surface, see photograph no.: 36). This will reduce the maximumpenetration depth, as the oil will tend to spread more horizontally in the high permeable zones.The penetration depth and amounts of heavy oil compounds reaching the water table maytherefore be very conservatively estimated but can not be rejected with the present data

Impacts on water quality at Dhahban Power Plant Page: 2

SANA'A EMERGENCY POWER PROJECT -EA

available. In case vertical fractures exist, the transport is faster and the retention lower thanotherwise assumed.

The most mobile and health hazardous compounds are the lightest components contained in thelubricate/diesel oil, such as benzene, toluene and m/p/o-xylene. The highest concentrations ofthese light components are contained in the diesel fuel. Typical concentrations in diesel oil are(in weight percent); benzene 0,02-0,1%, toluene 0,07% and m/p-xylene 0,07%. Concentrationsof these compounds in lubricating oils are normally much lower and may be ignored.

Estimating 100 I/month discharged diesel fuel (from cleaning filters, loading/unloading fuel-tanks etc.), this amount will contain approx. 1200 1/year x 0,925 kg/l x 0,1 % = 1,11 kgbenzene pr. year.

The potential amount of dissolved benzene in the discharged water would then be1,1 1kg benzen/1500 m3 water = 740 jg benzene/l, which is below the potential solubility of820-1,780 mg/l.

Transport in the saturated zoneThe results presented in table 6 show that the less volatile compounds of the present oil spillmay penetrate the unsaturated zone and reach the surface of the groundwater. If the oil reachesthe surface of the saturated zone, and if its volume is large enough, it will migrate laterally inthe same direction as the groundwater and may eventually reach and pollute the abstractionwells. Table 6 shows the potential amounts of oil available to migrate on top of the water table.Some of the oil will be retained in the sandstone, but with the expected fractured nature of thesandstone and the normally high water saturation of the sandstone matrix above the water table,this amount may be rather low.

A very conservative estimate is to assume that all the oil penetrating to the saturated aquifer istransported to the nearest domestic well. Assuming the yearly discharged amount of oil to be 15m3/year (averaged over 4 years) and the yearly abstracted water of one well to be 438,000m3/year, the maximum oil contamination of the abstracted water may be calculated as

15 m3/year (oil)/ 438,000 m3/year (water) = 34 ppm

This value is extremely conservative as especially the oil retention capacity of the sandstoneand the biodegradation is not taken into account and the real value may be much lower. It hasnot been possible to obtain WHO guideline values on oil products in drinking water, butDanish guidelines are maximum 10 ppb, i.e. the potential concentrations in the abstraction welldownstream would be up to 3,400 times higher than max. recommended concentrations.

The total amount of benzene to enter the saturated zone dissolved in water is conservativelyestimated to be 1.lkg/year. Estimating the porosity of the aquifer at 20%, the groundwatergradient at 0,18 mn/m, and the permeability at 1,85 m/d, the benzene may reach the wells ST6and ST 12 within one year. Assuming that all the benzene will reach one well and averaging theannual abstraction of one well to 1,200 m3/day - 4.4E+05 m3/year, the benzene concentrationin the abstracted water would be l.lE+09 jig / 4.4E+05 m3/year = 2.5 jg/l benzene. This



estimation is extremely conservative and does not take biodegradation, retardation anddispersion into account, but it still does not exceed the WHO guideline values of max. 10 jg/lbenzene in drinking water.

The cooling water well however is situated only 60m from the underground reservoir and isonly abstracting a limited amount of water, which makes the potential benzene concentrationmuch higher. Considering the amount of abstracted water to be of the magnitude 5,000 m3/yearincluding water for cooling water, domestic purposes, irrigation etc., the water may, as a veryconservative approximation, contain benzene concentrations of up to 220j±g/l which exceedsthe WHO guidelines. A less conservative estimation has in this case been made taking intoaccount the known content of sulphate in the groundwater, using the BIOSCREEN program(ref. 15) to simulate chemical reaction. Assuming that 2% of the S04 content (initial SO4 : 225mg/l SO4 in water sample in ST12 (ref. 16)) is contributing to reduce the benzene,BIOSCREEN shows that no benzene will reach the cooling water well. This approach may beapplied as it is still very conservative, not taking into account retardation, and microbiologicaldecay in the saturated zone, and no retention, microbiological decay and chemical reactions inthe unsaturated aquifer.


Annex GTOR - Study for final disposal of

waste oil and other oily waste


TOR - Project Proposal

Country: Yemen

Proposed Title: Waste oil handling on power plants in Yemen, presentamountlroutines and existing/future options for final disposal

1. Background

The Public Electricity Corporation of Yemen (PEC) is a state owned enterprise with an overallresponsibility for all issues related electrical power production in Yemen.

An integrated part of the electricity power production is the production of various waste products,including used lubricating oil and oily waste from various sources i.e. oily waste water. In the pastand at present, various options have been used for handling waste oil products, includingtemporary storage, local combustion in saunas and small-scale industry or direct disposal orstorage in the ground. A large part of the waste oil products are also disposed into theenvironment by the uncontrolled outlet of oil polluted waste water.

This lack of environmentally sound options for proper final disposal of waste oil has proved toconstitute a significant risk of causing environmental impacts on natural resources in Yemen. Oneof the consequences is that toxic chemical compounds in the waste oil seriously threaten thequality of the vulnerable and limited drinking water resources.

These serious environmental problems are by no means restricted to the power production sector,but constitute a general problem on a national level. Due to the overall lack of options for properfinal waste oil disposal, all industries and other enterprises producing these types of wasteproducts have to identify their own ways and means to solve the problems for final disposal.Many of these local "solutions" have later tumed out to entail serious environmental risks anddamages.

The present project aims to identify proper solutions for handling waste oil problems within theelectricity sector of Yemen. By using one sector as a pilot project, the main problems can beidentified and solved, thereby serving as a national example and guideline for establishment ofsustainable national solutions for this problem. As a second phase of the project, implementationof proposed measures will be considered.

2. Project Objectives

The overall development objective of the project is to protect vulnerable environmental resourcesincluding ground water resources, by improving methods and means for handling and finaldisposal of waste oil in Yemen.

TOR - Waste Oil Handling Page: I

SANA 'A EMERGENCY POWER PROJECT - EA

The immediate project objective is to identify sustainable methods for handling and treatment ofwaste oil products within the power production sector of Yemen based on evaluation andassessment of present produced amount of waste oil, present handling routines and existingoptions/alternative options for final disposal and treatment.

3. Project Approach

The project is proposed to be carried out as a basic fact-finding and feasibility study. Based on afield visit for identification of baseline data and discussions with involved authorities and otherinstitutions, draft proposals will be given for implementation of new strategies for handling anddisposal of waste oil within the operational section of PEC. The data and information obtainedduring the project for environmental assessment of the Sana'a Emergency Power Project will beutilised in widest possible extent.

The ultimate target group will be the general management of PEC. National environmentalauthorities within Yemen will be kept informed about findings and conclusions of the study.

4. Proposed Project Outputs

The following output will be produced by the project:

- a summary of findings and conclusions:- deternination of sources, quantities and types of waste oil and oily waste at existing

power plants in Yemen.- description and assessment of present management setup and routines for handling oily

waste at existing power plants.- description and assessment of existing options in Yemen for final disposal of oily waste

and waste oil.- a specific proposal for final disposal of waste oil and oily waste describing project objectives,

outputs, detailed description of project activities including a draft time schedule and costestimates.

- a specific proposal in a project format for how to provide a management set-up for collection,distribution and storage of waste at local and central level.

5. Proposed Project ActivitiesThe following activities will be carried out through the project in order to achieve the plannedproject outputs:

1. Problem identification1.1 Interviews with the Public Electricity Corporation central management concerning:

- identification of existing management routines and problems for handling and disposalof waste oil and other oily waste.

- identification of existing general management set-up for operations of power plants.

TOR - Waste Oil Handling Page: 2


- general information for management training.- baseline information for quantification of fuel and lubricant oil consumption for power

production.

1.2 Interviews with the Environmental Protection Council of Yemen concerning:- information about policy, existing regulations and general rules for management and

disposal of waste oil in Yemen- existing environmental problems related to management and disposal of waste oil in

Yemen.- existing environmental management setup for monitoring and control of impact from oil

pollution.

1.3 Sites visits for fact-finding at selected power plants as a part of the problem identification- proposed power plants for site visits: Al Hudaydah, Aden, Al Mukalla- Issues for considerations: fuel and lubricant oil consumption; present routines and

practices for waste oil and oily waste handling; draft environmental assessment ofpresent routines and practices.

1.4 Site visits to identified areas with extensive problems with oil polluted soil.

2. Existing options forfinal disposal of oily waste2.1 Site visits to possible end-receivers of waste oil and oily waste

- Port of Aden - reception facilities for ship-generated oily waste- Aden Refinery- Cement factory of Amran

3. Assessment of existing situation3.1 Comprehensive description and assessment of baseline data, management setup, rules and

regulations with respect to handling and temporary disposal of waste oil and oily wastewithin PEC.

3.2 Comprehensive description and assessment of baseline data for existing options related tofinal disposal/processing of waste oil and oily waste.

3.3 Presentation of altemative options for final treatment of waste oil and oily waste andassessment of sustainability in Yemen.

3.4 Summary of assessment.

4. Proposals for future handling and treatment of waste oil and oily waste.

4.1 Elaboration of a specific proposal for final disposal of waste oil and oily waste describingproject objectives, outputs, detailed description of project activities including a draft timeschedule and cost estimates.



4.2 Elaboration of a specific proposal in a project format for how to provide a management set-up for collection, distribution and storage of waste at local and central level.

6. Proposed Project Staffimg

The project is proposed staffed with two senior international consultants and a local consultant.The general qualifications should include:

A project manager and senior environmental advisor with extensive project experience withinoverall project management, environmental impact arising from oil pollution and potentialmitigation measures related to those issues. The consultant should be able to provide highlyqualified consultancy assistance within the field of final disposal methods for waste oil and oilywaste.

A senior engineering consultant experienced within power production (light diesel/steam) andenvironmental problems related hereto.

7. Proposed Project Budget

Project financing remains to be identified. The following draft budget has been established:

Project Manager Power Plant Rate per unit TotalSpecialist (US$)

Fee inputMobilization (days) 2 2 800 3.200Field study (days) 25 25 800 40.000Draft Reporting 14 7 800 16.800(days)Report discussion 7 800 5.600(days)Final reporting (days) 7 800 5.600

Fee total (US$) 71.200

ReimbursableInternational flights 2 1 1.000 3.000DA 32 25 150 8.550Other transport 1.000Report printing 1.000Local consultant 6.000Misc. 1.000

Grand total (US$) 91.750



8. Project Reporting

Debriefing notes will be submitted to the PEC and the funding agency before departure, based onfindings, discussions and conclusions identified during the field visit.

A draft report and draft proposals will be submitted for discussion and commenting. A 1-dayworkshop will be arranged as a part of the interactive review of the presented material. All partiesconcerned, will receive a copy of the prepared project material.

A final report and project proposals will be submitted based on discussions and conclusion duringthe interactive review.

9. Draft time table

Task____Name ____ Duration___W I W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 Wil W12 W13 W14

Task Name . Duration _ __Mobilisation 2d

Field study 25d

Draft Reporting 14d

Report discussion 7d

Final reporting 7d


Annex HTOR - Mitigation of potential groundwater

pollution at site of Dhahban Power Plant



Country: Yemen

Proposed Title: Sana'a Emergency Power Project - Remediation of OilContamination

1 Project Justification

The proposed project addresses a serious risk of oil contamination in the groundwater resourcesupplying Sana'a City - the capital of Yemen - with drinking water.

The risk to the groundwater resource was identified during the environmental assessment of theSana'a Emergency Power Project funded by the World Bank.

The Dhahban Power Plant is located in the Sana'a Basin approximately 10 km north-west ofSana'a city centre. The Tawilah sandstone aquifer underlying the Dhahban area is an importantgroundwater resource and the main source of drinking water to Sana' a city. According to theEnvironmental Assessment Report waste oil has been discharged into an underground reservoirat the site of the Dhahban Power Plant. This malpractice has been conducted for minimum twoyears, and this has led to a serious threat of oil contamination migrating to the underlyinggroundwater resource.

At present there is no knowledge about the actual extent of the oil contamination includingwhether the oil has already reached the groundwater table.

It is the aim of the proposed project first of all to investigate and delineate the possiblecontamination at the underground reservoir for oil waste, and to assess the risk to thegroundwater resource. If according to the risk assessment the contamination poses a risk to thegroundwater resource the necessary remedial measures will be undertaken.

Thus the proposed project will serve to clarify the situation and ensure that the risk of oilcontamination is eliminated. This will primarily benefit the population of Sana'a. As asecondary benefit it should be mentioned that the project includes a certain degree of transfer ofknow how with respect to soil investigations, soil remediation and groundwater monitoring.

2 Development Objective

The development objective of the proposed project is to ensure good water quality in thedomestic water supply of Sana'a - the capital of Yemen

TOR - Remediation of Oil Contamination Page: 1


3 Immediate Objectives

The proposed project is divided into four phases. Phase I consists of initial site investigationsand a detailed risk assessment of the oil contamination with respect to the groundwaterresource. Phase II encompasses additional investigations, pilot tests and identification andevaluation of potential clean-up methods. Phase m contains selection of clean-up method, anddesign and implementation of the clean-up. Phase IV is a monitoring period. The initiation ofPhase II and III depend on the results of the risk assessment in Phase I. In case the risk to thegroundwater resource is minimal the project will continue directly with Phase IV, monitoring.

The immediate objectives are:

Phase ITo delineate the oil contamination and to assess the risk to the groundwater resource.

Phase IITo determine and select the most appropriate clean-up method.

Phase IIITo eliminate that oil contaminated percolate generated at the site of the Dhahban Power Plantwill reach the deep groundwater aquifer and contaminate the groundwater above the targetlevels.

Phase IVTo ensure that proper actions can be taken in due time in case of incomplete clean-up orunforeseen migration of oil contamination at the Dhahban Power Plant leading to oilconcentrations in the groundwater above the target levels.

4 Outputs

Phase I

1-1Overall determination and documentation of the lateral and vertical extent of the oilcontamination at the underground oil waste reservoir at the Dhahban Power Plant.

I-2Determrination of the present groundwater quality in the aquifer underlying the Dhahban PowerPlant.



1-3An assessment of whether the oil contamination poses any risk to the groundwater resource.Proposal for target levels with respect to oil concentrations in the soil.

Phase II

II1Detailed delineation of the oil contamination.

Il-2Report containing results of in situ remediation tests including design parameters for a fullscale operation.

II-3Environmental, technical and economic evaluation and ranking of alternative remediationmethods.

Phase Im

III- 1Design of the remediation project.

lII-2Removal of the oil contamination in the unsaturated zone down to the target level.

III-3Report containing description and documentation of the completed remediation.

Phase IV

IV-1Documentation of the development of oil concentrations in the groundwater resourceunderlying the Dhahban Power Plant.

5 Activities

Phase I

The activities in Phase I include design and execution of investigations of the oil contaminationat the Dhahban Power Plant. The investigations will consist of 3 drillings to a depth ofminimum 35 metres. During drilling soil samples will be taken and analysed for content of oilcomponents using a portable GC-PID and a PID. These measurements will be supplemented bythe use of test kits. All soil samples will be described geologically and selected samples will betested with respect to permeability, content of organic matter and water.



In selected drillings screens will be installed and through these screens soil vapours will beexhaled and tested for content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane and volatile oil components.

From the existing well located between the main road and the Dhahban Power plant, and fromthe municipal abstraction well located in the near proximity of the power plant, series of watersamples will be taken and analysed for content of oil components. The samples will be takenbefore and during a low yield pumping period.

The results of the investigations will be evaluated and a risk assessment will be prepared.

Phase I is expected to have a duration of 3-4 months.

The activities in Phase I is proposed under the assumption that the necessary equipment can beimported to Yemen and re-exported without problems or delay.

Phase II

Phase II consists of-further investigations in order to delineate the contamination moreprecisely. These investigations will only be carried out in case the investigations in Phase I didnot provide a sufficient picture of the contamination for designing the clean-up.

Providing that the soil conditions favour in situ remediation an in situ remediation test will beexecuted.

Finally the potential remediation methods will be evaluated and ranked.

Phase II is expected to have a duration of 3-4 months.

Phase III

The remediation project proposed in Phase II will be designed and implemented.

The exact activities cannot be detailed at this point, but the alternative remediation methods tobe evaluated include the following:

In Situ Soil Vapour ExtractionExtraction of oil contaminated soil vapours from the contaminated soil in the unsaturated zone.

In Situ Steam VentilationInjection of steam in the contaminated zone combined with extraction of oil contaminated soilvapours.

Application of Organic Release Compound®Injection or in well installation of ORC. ORC is a product which when in contact with moisturereleases oxygen.



The design and clean-up activities in Phase III may last from less than one year to three years.

Phase IV

Phase IV will commence by preparation of a monitoring programme.

The exact activities in the monitoring programme cannot be detailed at present as they willdepend on the outcome of the risk assessment in Phase I and the optional remediation project inPhase Ill.

It is anticipated that the activities will include regular collection and analyses of water samplesfrom the existing well at the site over a period of minimum 2 years.

6 Strategy

For this project a phased approach is proposed. Thus the entire project is divided into fourphases:

Phase I Soil investigations and risk assessment.Phase II Supplementary Investigations and in situ remediation tests.Phase m Design and implementation of remedial measures.Phase IV Monitoring.

Phase I

Phase I will be commenced by a pre-visit to the power plant, in order to prepare theinvestigations and to make the necessary arrangements with local contractors and localconsultants.

The points to be addressed by the investigations in phase I include (1) the types and quantitiesof oil products released; (2) the extent of the contamination and pathways for furthermovement; (3) is the oil sorbed to the soil, present as NAPL (Non Aquarius Phase Liquid), invapour phase or dissolved in perched groundwater.

The proposed design of the investigations in Phase I includes execution of 3 drillings. Theinvestigations will commence with a drilling in the close proximity of the undergroundreservoir used for discharging waste oil. It is expected that the maximum penetration depth ofthe oil can be determined through this drilling. Thus the drilling will be extended untiluncontaminated soil layers are reached, and the results will show the vertical extent of thecontamination. The subsequent drillings will be located in the circumference of theunderground waste oil reservoir. The precise location of each of these drillings will bedetermined on the basis of the progressive investigation results in order to delineate the lateralextent of the contamination.



The drillings will be screened. The well design will depend on e.g. presence of perchedgroundwater, presence of NAPL and the geological layers encountered in the bore hole.

During the drilling work selected soil samples will be analysed or screened for oil componentsby the use of a portable Gas Chromatograph (GC-PID) and/or a Photo Ionisation Detector(PID). To supplement these measurements some 20 samples will be analysed for total contentof oil by the use of enzyme based test kits. This will provide the necessary information for thedetermination of the further steps in the investigations.

All soil samples will be kept for further measurements or analyses important for the riskassessment and for the evaluation of alternative remediation methods. This could includemeasurement of permeability, water saturation, organic matter, nutrients or oil degradingbacteria.

From the screened drillings soil vapours will be extracted and analysed for volatile oilcomponents (by GC-PID), oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane (by the Bio surveyor).

Parallel with the drilling work water samples will be collected from the existing well at the site.The samples will be taken before and during a prolonged low yield pumping period designed soas to determine the water quality in the groundwater underlying the Dhahban Power Plant. Thewater samples will be analysed by the portable GC-PID.

Phase I is completed by a risk assessment. The outcome of the risk assessment will determinewhether to proceed with Phase II and HI or to go directly to Phase IV.

Phase II

In phase II uncertainties about the extent of the contamination will be investigated further, andif the soil conditions favour it, an in situ remediation test will be conducted. Additionalmeasurements on previously or newly collected soil samples may also prove necessary for theevaluation of potential remediation techniques.

Phase II is concluded by an evaluation of different options for cleaning up the contamination. Aclean-up method will be proposed for design and implementation in Phase I-R.

Phase III

Phase mI1 will follow normal procedures for design and implementation of smaller works.

Phase IV

Phase IV consists of a monitoring period.



7 Inputs

The inputs to the project in Phase I and II are listed in the tables below. The inputs to Phase IIIand IV will be detailed by the end of Phase I and II.

Equipment, Facilities Tasks, Function Phase

Office room at the Power Facilitate that chemical IPlant analyses can be carried out at

the Power Plant during theinvestigations.

Drill Rig with crew Execute drillings to a depth of Iminimum 35 m. Soilsampling and well design

Portable GC-PID Chemical analyses for oil Icomponents in soil vapourand water

Portable Photoioniiation Screening of soil samples for Idetector (PID) relative content of volatile oil__________________________ com ponentsSmall pump Extraction of soil vapours IBlower Inducing vacuum at the test Il

wellPressure gauges Measuring vacuum response II

in surrounding observationwells

Bio surveyor Measurements of oxygen, 1+11carbon dioxide, methane

Technical Assistance Main Tasks Phase

Project Manager Project management, 1+11reporting _

Soil Remediation Expert Design, evaluation and I+11supervision of investigationsand remediation

Chemical Engineer Chemical analyses of soil and 1+11water. Evaluation of results.

Hydro-geologist Risk assessment, monitoring Iprogramme

Technical assistant Technical drawings, I+IILocal Consultant Supervision, contact to the I+II

authorities _



8 Organisation and Administration

At present, funding for the project remains to be identified. It is proposed that the entire projectwill be managed and implemented by an expatriate consultant. Drilling work, constructionwork and other contractor works will be carried out by local sub-contractors engaged by theconsultant.

Supervision of the contractor work, contact with the authorities and practical arrangements willbe carried out with the assistance of a local sub-consultant in close co-operation with theconsultant.

All activities at the site e.g. drilling work will be co-ordinated with the Dhahban Power PlantManager. During execution of drilling work or other construction works the consultant willarrange regular site meetings to be attended by the sub-consultant, the subcontractors andrepresentatives of the Power Plant.

Prior to the initiation of the project PEC and involved authorities (EPC, NWSA- Sana'aBranch, NWRA, Governorate of Sana' a) will be contacted and informed about the project. Thecompetent authority will be kept informed about the progress of the work through copies ofminutes of site meetings and copies of progress reports.

9 Project Review, Reporting and Evaluation

Project Phase Document Content ReceiversPhase I Investigation Report Description of the Project Donor

investigations and PECtheir results Dhahban Power Plant

Other involvedauthorities

Phase I Risk Assessment Assessment of the Project Donorrisk to the PECgroundwater Dhahban Power Plantresource. Proposal for Other involvednext phase. authorities

Phase II Progress Report Description and Project Donorresults of PECsupplementary Dhahban Power Plantinvestigations and in Other involvedsitu remediation tests authorities.

Phase II Evaluation Report Evaluation and Project Donorranking of alternative PECremediation Dhahban Power Planttechniques. Other involvedWork plan for the authoritiesnext phase.



Project Phase Document Content ReceiversPhase m Design document Technical Subcontractors

specifications and Project Donordrawings PEC

Dhahban Power PlantOther involvedauthorities

Phase III Status Report Descriptions and Project Donorresults of the PECimplemented Dhahban Power Plantremediation works. Other involvedWork plan for the authoritiesnext phase.

Phase IV Monitoring Description of Project DonorProgrammne monitoring PEC

programme Dhahban Power PlantOther involvedauthorities

Phase IV Final Report Results and Project Donorassessment of the PECmonitoring Dhahban Power Plantprogramme. Other involvedSummery and authoritiesconclusions of thewhole project.

All reports will be issued in a draft version and submitted to the World Bank and PEC for theirreview and cornrnents.

After the completion of each phase a meeting will be held between the consultant and theWorld Bank. At these meetings decisions shall be taken regarding the further steps andactivities.



10 Budget and Financing

Phase I

The draft budget for Phase I appears from the table below. The budget is based on theassumption that the equipment can be imported and re-exported without delay.

Expatriate Consultants Description USD excluding VATProject Manager 20 man-days 17,200Soil remediation expert 20 man-days 14,400Chemical Engineer 20 man-days 14,400Hydro-geologist 6 man-days 4,300Assistant 2 man-days 1,150QA_QC 2 man-days 1,400

Local Consultant 20 man-days 4,000

Accommodation, allowances l 10,500International travel l 6,000Local travel included

Equipment l _l_ _

GC-PID, incl. transportation 15 days, 4,500Denmark - Yemen Minimum 50 analysesPID 15 days 1,000Test Kits 20 analyses for total oil 1,400

content in soil samplesBio surveyor 10 days 1,000

Contractors WorkDrillings 3 drillings, depth 50 m 50,000Other soil test Organic matter, water 1,500

saturation,

Total Phase I 132,750

Phase II

The total budget for phase II is estimated to 40,000 USD excluding VAT.



Phase Im

The total budget for phase m is estimated roughly to be in the range of 1 to 4 mill USDexcluding VAT. The cost estimate is based on costs for similar projects carried out inDenmark.

Phase IV

The total budget for phase IV is estimated to 28,000 USD excluding VAT.


Annex IOutline - Management training program


Outline - Training component

As set forth in chapter 8 in the main report, the following two training components areproposed to be carried out;

A. Operation of power plants in YemenB. Planning and establishing new plants or infra structural projects

In the following some overall headings for the training components are presented.

Component A;

1. Environment:a) Waste storage and handlingb) Storage and handling of chemicalsc) Air pollution

2. Working environment;a) Waste storage and handlingb) Storage and handling of chemicalsc) Noised) Precautions against injuries

3. Emergency managementa) Precautionsb) Emergency exitsc) Emergency actions

In order to provide the students with a broad knowledge about environmental aspects andworking environment issues related to the operation of power plants the following main issuesare to be included in the introduction of the various themes:

- General knowledge about the general environment and the working environment- Specific impacts- Practical prevention measures and precautions- Practical implementation actions

Component B;

1 . What is environmental impact assessment (EIA)?- Introduction to environment- Introduction to working environment- When to carry out an EIA- Qualifications needed for carry out an EIA

Outline - Training component Page: I


2. Planning the assessment- Action plan and time schedule- Whom to meet for consultations- Legal aspects to be considered- Identification of key recipients

3. Execution of the assessment- Preparation of field visit- Demarcations- Field visit (premise and vicinity)- Inspection of key recipients- Documentation

4. Mitigation plan- Aim of mitigation plans- Structure of mitigation plans- Mitigation measures - Sources for information

5. How to present the results of the assessment- Who are your target groups- Interests of target groups- Structure of reporting format

The above outline of themes can be changes or extended to include specific requests from thePEC and EPC.

Outline - Training component Page: 2


Programme

Day 1

Issue Training component Yemeni Foreignspec. spec.

Introduction XEnvironment A. 1, A.3, B. I XWorking environment A.2, A.3, B. 1 XExercises X X

Day 2


Planning of assessment B.2 X XExercises X XExecution of assessment B.3 X XExercises X X

Day 3


Prepare mitigation plans A. 1, A.2, A.3, B.4 XExercises X XReporting of assessment B.5 XExercises X X

The input from the Yemeni specialist will mainly focus on the specific context determining theconditions partly in Yemen, partly within the institution PEC.

The exercises shall be prepared by the foreign specialist(s) and discussed with Yemenispecialist prior to the execution of training in order to focus on main issues of relevanceregarding the everyday situation at the power plants and procedures for planning newconstructions applied within the PEC.

Outline - Training component Page: 3

Annex JTOR - Environmental consultancy

assistance for PEC



Country: Yemen

Proposed Title: Sana'a Emergency Power Project - Environmental consultancyassistance for PEC.

1. Background

The Public Electricity Corporation of Yemen (PEC), a state owned enterprise, is presentlyplanning to undertake preparation and implementation of the proposed Sana'a EmergencyPower Project with financial support of the International Development Association (IDA), anaffiliate of the World Bank Group.

The objective of the proposed project would be to improve the availability and reliability ofelectricity in greater Sana'a, which is currently subject to serious power shortages. Theseshortages of electricity have various adverse social and economic impacts on the Sana'a region.Temporary measures to correct the problems have included development of an interconnectionwith Ta'iz and Aden; however, transfer of electricity from these cities is resulting in furtherdisruption of energy availability at increasing number of locations. The proposed project willinclude the following physical investment components: (a) selected rehabilitation andupgrading activities for the existing 20 MW diesel-fuelled power plant at the Dhahban PowerPlant site; (b) installation of an additional 30 MW of generating capacity at the existing site; (c)expansion and upgrading of Asser 132/33 kV substation also including debottleneckingelements of the transmission network in Sana'a.

An environrnental assessment of the proposed project has concluded that the institutional capacityfor environmental management at PEC at present must be considered as very limited. In order tosupport PEC with the implementation of environmental components and proposed mitigationmeasures for the said project, it has been agreed to provide consultancy assistance for support inrelation to these issues.


The overall development objective of the project is to protect vulnerable environmental resourcesincluding ground water resources in Yemen, by increasing the capacity for environmentalmanagement at management level of Public Electricity Corporation, the Arab Republic ofYemen.

The immediate project objective is to qualify and ensure implementation of proposedenvironmental mitigation measures as an integrated part of Sana'a Emergency Power Project.

TOR - Environmental consultancy assistance for PEC Page: I


3. Project Approach

The assistance project will be carried out as a number of short term assignments for specificrequested assistance, which will be planned according to the final design of the Sana'a EmergencyPower Project.

The ultimate target group will be the general management of PEC and the World Bank. Nationalenvironmental authorities within Yemen will be kept informed about findings and conclusions ofthe project.

4. Proposed Project Outputs

The following output will be produced by the project:

- a quality assurance document ensuring quality of technical proposals for structural mitigationmeasures related to rehabilitation and expansion of Dhahban Power Plant.

- rules, regulations and procedures for management of waste oil and oily waste at DhahbanPower Plant

- rules and regulations for occupational health and safety procedures as Dhahban Power Plant.

- a fire and emergency plan defining responsibilities and duties in case of accidents at thepower plant.

- a simple environmental management plan covering environmental mitigation measures related toexpansion of the Asser Substation and construction of right-of-ways related to the Sana'aEmergency Power Project.

- general support for the Project Implementation Unit conceming project related environmentalissues and problems.

5. Proposed Project Activities

The following activities will be carried out through the project in order to achieve the plannedproject outputs:

- quality assurance of the proposals for structural rnitigation's measures provided by theContractor.

- design of specific and simple oil waste management procedures and routines at therehabilitated and expanded Dhahban Power Plant.

TOR - Environmental consultancy assistance for PEC Page: 2


- design and implementation of simple improvements in working conditions at therehabilitated and expanded Dhahban Power Plant. This activity should be carried out inco-operation with Department of Public Health and Safety.

- preparation of a specific fire and emergency plan for the rehabilitated and expandedDhahban Power Plant. This activity should be carried out in co-operation with the CivilDefence, Sana'a City.

- advising selected construction company about procedures in case items of archaeologicalinterests are identified.

- consultancy assistance with respect to environmental mitigation measures for expansionof the Asser Substation and the construction of related 33 kV right-of-ways.

- overall environmental consultancy assistance as needed.

6. Proposed Project Staffing

The project is proposed staffed with an international senior consultant. The general qualificationsshould include:

A project manager and senior environmental advisor with extensive project experience withinoverall project and environmental management, emergency planning, environmental impactarising from oil pollution and potential mitigation measures related to those issues.

The PEC should appoint a counterpart for the consultant.



It is estimated that an input of approximately 4 man-months from an environmental consultantshould be sufficient to cover the listed activities. The estimated costs for a 4 man-month inputby an international consultant is 73,000 USD exc. VAT. In addition travel, accommodation, perdiem and other reimbursable have to be included.

The budget should be revised, when the project document for the Sana'a Emergency PowerProject has been finalised.

8. Project Reporting and Tiniing

- has to be determined according to final design of the Sana'a Emergency Power Project.

TOR -Environmental consultancy assistance for PEC Page: 3

Annex MTOR - Air Quality Monitoring



Country: Yemen

Proposed Title: Air Quality Monitoring Programme

1. Background

In the Sana'a region shortage of energy supply is faced eg due to the rapid growth of Sana'a thecapital of Yemen. This has resulted in an increased utility of small scale generators used in theurban area. In order to hamper the shortage of energy supply the Public Electricity Corporationof Yemen (PEC) has been granted a World Bank loan in order to increase the power supplycapacity in Yemen.

Rehabilitation of the 20 MW Dhahban power plant as well as extension with additionally 30MW power plant form part of the above project. During the Environmental Impact Assessmentcarried out obvious lacks of background data of the air quality in the Dhahban area wasidentified.

In order to assess the adverse environmental impacts from the operation of the 50 MWDhahban power plant there is a need for establish satisfactory background data about the airquality.

At present the Environmental Protection Council (EPC) ha drafted an air quality standard.However information on background air quality is very poor.

The areaThe Dhahban power plant is situated outside the city of Sana'a. The area is characterised byspatial housing areas and no service institutions (hospitals, schools etc.) within a distance ofsome 3 to 4 km from the power plant.

Only small scale industries are situated in the area. The industrial activities are mainly withinhandling and storage of construction materials and some small garages.

Future plansFurthermore the overall programme for increasing the power supply capacity in the Sana'aregion might very well comprise construction of new power supply units. This will bring forththe need for data of the background air quality.

TOR - Air quality monitoring programme Page: 1



The overall development objective of the project is to establish air quality data for the Dhahbanarea in order to evaluate the air quality impacts caused by the operation of the rehabilitated 20MW Dhahban power plant as well as the new 30 MW power plant.

The intermediate objective is to provide data of the background air quality in the Dhahban areawhich can serve as baseline information in connection with future extension of the energyproduction in the area.

3. Project approach

The project approach is partly to observe the air quality in the vicinity of the Dhahban powerplant, partly to observe the air quality in strategic points in the Dhahban area. The purpose ofthe latter is to establish background air quality data which can serve as baseline situation inareas potential for location of new power plants.

Furthermore the project approach shall focus on the following methodologies of monitoring:

A. Ozone, 03:

B. Nitrogen Oxides, NO, NO, and NO2:

- Measured by monitors. The time mean values shall be registered in the database.

C. Sulphur dioxide, SO2:

- Measured by monitors. The time mean values shall be registered in the database.

D. Carbon monoxide, CO:

- Measured by monitors. The time mean values shall be registered in the database

E. Particulate matter (< 10 A), PMIo:

- PMIo is collected in a high volume sampler (HVS). The time mean values shall beregistered in the database. The collected volume of PM is sub-sequently measured ina laboratory under controlled conditions



4. Proposed project outputs

The following outputs will be produced by the project:

- Status of the air quality in the Dhahban area regarding the following parameters:- Ozone (03)- Carbon monoxide (CO)- Nitrogen oxides (NOX, NO and NO2)- Sulphur dioxide (SO2 )

- Particulate matters (PM1o)- Identification of areas with low air quality- Definition of specific immission concentration contribution values for NO2 , SO2 and

PM10

5. Proposed project activities

The following activities will be carried out through the project in order to determine thebackground air quality in the Dhahban area:

1. Establishing monitoring programme

1.1 The consultant shall in co-operation with the PEC and the EPC define spots forestablishing monitoring stations.

1.2 Introduction and training of local consultants shall be carried out in order to ensuresatisfactory qualification of operating and maintaining the monitoring programme aswell as interpretation and reporting of the monitoring results.

1.3 Monitoring equipment shall be established at the identified monitoring stationsidentified

1.4 Prepare database for register of all air quality observations

1.5 Final action plan and time schedule shall be developed and agreed upon

2. Monitoring air quality

2.1 Monitoring equipment shall be established at the identified monitoring stationsidentified

2.2 Monitoring of air quality for a 12 months period

2.3 Continuously up-date of air quality database

TOR - Air quality monitoring pTogranune Page: 3


3. Reporting of results

3.1 Reporting of the monitoring results ones every 3 months

3.2 Reporting of the results for the 12 months period

3.3 Complete database with all observations

4. Defining immission concentration contribution limit values

4.1 Based on the results of the air quality monitoring recommendations on immissionconcentration contribution lirmit values will be developed for the above air qualityparameters.

4.2 Negotiate with the EPC about final immission concentration contribution limit values toenforced in connection with operation of new power plants in the Dhahban area.

6. Proposed Project Staffing

The project is proposed staffed with one senior international air quality consultant, onetechnical expert (establishing and operating monitoring stations) and two local consultantsfrom the Environmental Protection Council (EPC). The general qualifications should include:

International consultantsA senior environmental advisor with extensive knowledge about air quality and monitoringthereof who can ensure an adequate monitoring programme to be set up.

The technical experts shall hold comprehensive experience with establishing, operating andmaintaining of air quality monitoring stations in order to supervise the continuously operationof the air quality monitoring stations and interpretation of the monitoring results.

Local consultantsThe local consultant shall have knowledge about air quality at a level which can form anadequate basis for the air quality monitoring training and thereby be qualified for thecontinuously operation of the air quality monitoring stations and handling and filing theobserved air quality data.





Senior Technical Rate per Totalengineer2 Expert unit (US$)

Sen. Tech.

Fee inputEstablishment (days) 6 10 800 700 11,800Monitoring (days) . 10 50 800 700 43,000Reporting (days) 2 8 800 700 7,200Devel. C-values' (days) 1 4 800 700 3,600Completion 3 6 800 700 6,600Fee total (US$) 66,200

Reimbursable Rate perunit

(US$)International flights 4 7 1,000 11,000DA 10 50 150 9,000Other transport 1,000Report printing 1,000Equipment, for 2 stations 185,000Equipment, calibration 31,000Local consultants (150 100 15,000days)Misc. 1,000

Grand total (US$) 326,200

Notes 1: C-value: Imnmission concentration contribution limit value2: Senior engineer will be the project manager

All prices are exclusive of VAT.

8. Project Reporting

The parties agreement on monitoring programme shall be reported in a inception report andwill be submitted to the PEC, the EPC and the funding agency before establishment of themonitoring stations.

A quarterly report of the monitoring results shall be prepared and submitted to the PEC, EPCand the funding agency.

A final report holding the results of the monitoring period as well as recommendations on



immission concentration contribution limit values will be subrritted to the PEC, EPC and thefunding agency.

9. Draft time schedule

Task name Month from 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1start 0 1 2 3 4 5

Duration

Establish 16 days __

Monitoring 60 days _ - _ ___Reporting 10 days ...Devel. C- 5 daysvalues 1

I _ _ _ __ _ _

Completion 9 days

Note: C-value: Inumission concentration contribution limit values

The above working days only cover work carried out by the international consultants.


Annex KSana'a Emergency Power Project. Environmental

Assessment. Supplemental Environmental Studies.Golder Associates Inc., September 1998.

REPORT ON

YEMEN

SANA'A EMERGENCY POWER PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Prepared for:

The Public Electricity Corporation of Yemen (PEC)P.O. Box 178

Sana'a. Yemen

DISTRIBUTION:

10 - World Bank2 - Golder Associates Inc.

September 1998 9837549B/RI

09/26/98 - i- 9837549B/RI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................... i

LIST OF TABLES AND LIST OF FIGURES ................................... ii

LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................... iii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................... 1-1

2.0 AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS ................................... 2-1

2.1 ANALYTICAL APPROACH ................................... 2-12.2 DEVELOPNIENT OF SCENARIOS ................................... 2-4

2.2.1 Meteorolo2ical Data .................................................................. 2-82.2.2 Receptor Locations .................................................................. 2-10

2.3 AIR OUALInT EVALUATION .................................................................. 2-112.4 PREDICTION OF THE MAXINIUM EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL SITE/ WORST CASE SCENARIO ........................ 2-11

3.0 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATION ................................................................. 3-1

3.1 MONITORING EQUIPMENT .1... 3-131.1 Monitoring Shelter and Transporter .3-13.1.2 SO2 Analyzer .3-63.1.3 NO. NO2. NO Analnzer. .- 6,.1.4 PM10 Sampler.3-73.1.5 Multi-Gas Calibrator .3-83.1.6 Zero Air Supplv ........................ 3-93.1.7 Data Acquisition System .3-93.1.8 Sample Manifold .3-103.1.9 Meteorological Parameters .3-10

3 .2 TRA IN ING.3-Il1

4.0 AIR EMISSIONS MONITORING EQUIPMENT ................................................... 4-1

4.1 EMISSIONS MONITORING EQUIPMENT ................................................... 4-1

4.2 TRAINING ................................................... 4-2

5.0 MONITORING PLAN/QUALITY ASSURANCE ................................................... 5-1

5.1 OBJECTIVES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................... 5-15.2 SITE SERVICE LOG ................................................... 5-65.3 STATION LOGBOOK ................................................... 5-11

5.3.1 Station Configuration ................................................... 5-11

5.4 PERFORNIANCE OBJECTIVES ............................................... 5-125.4.1 Equipment Selection ................................................... 5-125.4.2 Instrument and Probe Siting ................................................... 5-135.4.3 Control Limits ................................................... 5-13

6.0 REVIEW OF PROPOSED 33 KV TRANSMISSION LINES ................................................... 6-1

APPENDIX A - Computer print outs - not included in Annex K

09/26/98 -ii- 9837549B!RI

LIST OF TABLES

TITLE ................................................................... PAGE

2-1 Summarv of Stack. Operating. and Pollutant Data from Process SourcesProject: Sana'a Emergency Power Project/Dhahban Power Plant .............................................. 2-5

2-2 Comparison of Pollutant Emissions for the Existing and Proposed Sourcesat the Dhahban Plant to the World Bank Guidelines .2-7

2-3 Summary of Pollutant Emission Factors and Emissions Estimated for Vehicular Traffic . 2-9

2-4 Maximum Ambient Pollutant Concentrations used to Represent Background Concentrations.. 2-12

2-5 Maximum Total Air Quality Sulfur Dioxide. Nitrogen Dioxide, and Particulate Matter(PM 10) Concentrations Predicted for the Sana'a Emergency Power Project/Dhahban Power Plant ......................................................... 2-13

3-1 Individual Technical Specifications ......................................................... 3-2

3-2 Air Quality Monitoring Equipment Costs ......................................................... 3-4

4-1 Specifications for Portable Flue Gas Analyzer ......................................................... 4-3

4-2 Budgetary Costs for Emissions Monitoring Equipment ......................................................... 4-4

5-I SO2. NO,. and PM 10 Equipment Operation and Maintenance Schedule ................................. ............ 5-3

5-2 Meteorological Equipment Operation and Maintenance Schedule .......................... ................... 5-5

5-3 Frequency of Site Operations ......................................................... 5-7

6-1 Transmission Line Route and Description of Physical Conditions Along ROW ............ .............. 6-3

LIST OF FIGURESTITLE ......................................................... PAGE

2-I Project Area Map ......................................................... 2-2

2-2 Recommended Ambient Air Monitorin- Locations ........................................... .............. 2-15

5-1 Site Service Log ......................................................... 5-9

6-1 Proposed 33 kV Transmission Line Routes ......................................................... 6-2

6-2 Example of Existing 33-kV Transmission Line Right-of-Way ..................................................... 6-4

09126/98 9837549B/R1

LIST OF ACRONYMS(Page 1 of 2)

°C degrees CelsiusAAQS ambient air quality standardsBtu British thermal unitcm3/min cubic centimeter per minuteCFR Code of Federal RegulationsCO carbon monoxideCO., carbon dioxideCRT cathode ray terminalCMOS central memory'operating systemDAS data acquisition systemDC direct currentEPC Environmental Protection CouncilOF degrees Fahrenheitft feetGEP good engineering practiceg/Nm3 gram per Normal cubic metersg/s gram per secondHC hydrocarbonHz hertzIDA International Development Associationin inchISCST3 dispersion model Industrial Source Complex - Simple Terrain Version 3K Kelvinkg kilogramkg/s kilogram per secondkg/hr kilogram per hourkm kilometerkm/hr kilometer per hourkW kilowatt1pm liters per minutem metern,/sec meters per secondm 3 cubic metersm3/hr cubic meters per hourm3

1s cubic meters per secondmb millibarsMFC mass flow controllersmg/Nm3 milligram per Normal cubic metersMJ/kg megajoule per kilogramMJ/s megajoule per secondMW megawattN Normal conditions (O °C, 1 atmosphere)NE northeastNIST National Institute of Standards TechnologyNm3/s Normal cubic meters per secondNm3 /kg Normal cubic meters per kilogramNO nitrous oxide

09/26/98 9837549B/Rl

LIST OF ACRONYMS(Page 2 of 2)

NO2 nitrogen dioxideNO) nitrogen oxidesNW northwest°2 oxygen03 ozoneO&M Operations and MaintenancePC personal computerPEC Public Electricity Corporation of YemenPM particulate matterPM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micronsppb parts per billionppm parts per millionPSD Prevention of Significant Deteriorationpsi pounds per square inchpsig pounds per square inch gaugePVC polyvinyl chlorideQA quality assuranceQAPP quality assurance procedure planQC quality controlRAM random access memoryROM read-only memoryROW right-of-waySLIC sample line integrity checkso, sulfur dioxideSOP standard operating procedureSRM standard reference materialstonne/yr metric tons per yearTSP total suspended particulates

pIgim3 micrograms per cubic meterUSEPA US Environmental Protection AgencyLIV ultravioletVAC voltage alternating currentVDC voltage direct current

09/26/98 - 1-1 - 9837549B/R1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Golder Associates Inc. has prepared this Supplemental Environmental Study in order to

assist the Public Electricity Corporation (PEC) of Yemen and the International Development

Association (IDA) of the World Bank to develop a final design and implementation of the

Sana'a Emergency Power Project. This Study complements the Environmental Assessment

prepared by Carl Bro International a/s and includes three elements: (1) air quality analysis;

(2) recommendations for air quality monitoring; and (3) findings of a field-based review of

proposed right-of-ways for the additional Project-supported transmission lines. The

Supplemental Environmental Study has been prepared consistent with provisions of World

Bank Operational Directive 4.01, "Environmental Assessment" and the "World Bank

Environmental Guidelines".

The members of the Golder Associates' team which prepared the Study include:

* Mr. David A. Bare, Associate, who managed the project and performed a site visit to

identify and collect air quality inforrnation needed for the evaluation, reviewed rights-of-

way for the transmission lines, and evaluated air quality monitoring equipment and

locations.

* Mr. Robert C. McCann, Jr., Associate, who was responsible for performing the air quality

impact analysis.

The members of the Golder Associates' team would like to thank the representatives of the

PEC and Environmental Protection Council (EPC) for their assistance in the preparation of

this study.

09/26/98 - -1- 9837549B/Rl

2.0 AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS

2.1 ANALYTICAL APPROACH

An air quality impact analysis was performed for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide

(SO2), and particulate matter (PM10) emissions due to baseline and future operations of

existing and proposed air emission sources at the Dhahban Power Plant. The existing

Dhahban Power Plant has an electrical generating capacity of 20 megawatts (MW) from four

5-MW diesel -fueled engines. Currently, only one unit was in operation when the site visit

was performed by Golder Associates' personnel. The proposed project consists of selected

rehabilitation and upgrading activities for the existing units and installation of an additional

30 MW of generating capacity at the existing site. The map in Figure 2-1 defines the project

area.

For the baseline operations, the air emission sources considered were:

* the existing plant with one unrehabilitated 5-MW unit in operation;

* vehicular emissions due to traffic near the power plant; and

* background sources due to activities at greater distances from the plant (i.e., greater than

5km).

For future operations, the air emission sources considered were:

* the existing four 5-MW diesel units which will be rehabilitated;

* the proposed five 6-MW diesel units.

* vehicular emissions due to traffic near the power plant; and

* background sources due to activities at greater distances from the plant (i.e., greater than

5km).

The air quality impacts for the modeled pollutants were compared to the World Bank air

quality guideline values (1988). The air quality impacts were estimated using air modeling

methods and approaches acceptable to the World Bank and used on previous projects. In

general, these methods and approaches followed those developed and recommended by the

USEPA. The air modeling impacts were developed for air emission sources assumed to be

located in rural and less industrialized areas. In general, except for the power plant, there is

no industrial development within the immediate vicinity of the plant (i.e., within 5 km).

-144"al sia

4 Ik~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ 4YA.N~~(jA t~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ 4

OARYAH ' 4

t.. . ~~~~, / v~~ JTD,~~RA\ % .* -

4- AL

Figure 2-1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Le.

Project Area Map ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r R

Dhaban Power Stationovwe

Souce GodrAsoite n.119.SOFte

09/26/98 - 2-3 - 9837549B/Rl

Since the EPC does not have air quality standards or air quality modeling guidelines, the air

quality modeling approach followed those developed by the USEPA for determining

compliance with AAQS. The USEPA air modeling guidelines have been used by Golder

Associates' personnel and have been accepted by national governmental agencies and

international financial institutions, including the Asian Development Bank, Interamerican

Development Bank, and World Bank, in numerous countries throughout the world,

including those in South America (e.g., Argentina); Africa (e.g., Madagascar, Egypt); Asia

(e.g., Pakistan, Thailand); and Europe (e.g., Poland).

For this analysis, the maximum pollutant concentrations for the operation of the existing and

proposed diesel units at the power plant were calculated following the USEPA guidelines to

determine compliance with the ambient air quality guidelines. The Industrial Source

Complex Short-Term'(ISCST3) dispersion model, Version 97360, was used to evaluate the

potential impacts due to pollutant emissions from the existing and proposed diesel units.

This model is recommended for use by the USEPA for applications addressing the types of

emission sources that are located at the site, such as stack or vent releases. The ISCST model

was used since it is an EPA-approved model, which was a criteria for model selection by

Golder Associates.

The USEPA has defined specific values for certain technical features within the ISCST3

model referred to as regulatory options. The regulatory options set technical values for

numerous model features, including those for wind speed profiles and temperature

gradients for different atmospheric stability classes. These regulatory options were selected

for use to address maximum impacts. The ISCST3 model can predict pollutant impacts in

both rural and urbanized areas. Because the area around the Dhahban Power Plant can be

classified as rural, with minimal residential, industrial, and commercial development within

3 kilometers (km), the rural mode of the model was used for predicting pollutant

concentrations.

In general, air modeling is performed using at least one year of hourly meteorological data

collected onsite or a nearby weather station, such as at an airport. Air impacts are predicted

for each hour and then summed for longer-term averaging periods (e.g., 24-hours) and can

then be compared to ambient air quality standards.

09/26/98 - 2-4 - 9837549B/Rl

Meteorological data for 1996 were available from the Sana'a International Airport, located

about 4 km from the plant. These data were provided in summary format and reported as

daily averages for wind direction, wind speed, temperature, cloud cover, and relative

humidity. These data are valuable in assessing general weather characteristics for the area

(such as prevailing wind direction) and the plant site since the airport is located near the

plant and surrounded by similar land use and terrain features. However, because these

data were not available on a hourly basis, the air modeling was based on using "worst-case"

meteorological conditions in a screening analysis. Air quality impacts are predicted for the 1-

hour averaging time for a range of meteorological conditions that could occur at the power

plant site. These results were then extrapolated to longer averaging periods (e.g., 24-hours)

based on multiplying impacts by a time-scale factor. These time-scale factors are based on

those developed by the USEPA.

Air quality impacts produced using this screening technique are generally higher than those

produced using actual hourly meteorological data for one year or more. As a result, air

quality impacts from this screening analysis are over-estimated than those that would be

produced in a refined analysis and also expected to be higher than concentrations obtained

from a monitoring station if one were located near the plant.

2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF SCENARIOS

Emission inventory

Pollutant emission and operating data for the power plant were determined or developed

for input to the ISCST3 model using data presented in the Environmental Assessment for the

Sana'a Emergency Power Project (Carl Bro Intemational, April 1998) and updated by PEC

(1998). A site plan was provided by PEC which showed locations of stacks as well as

property lines that show the perimeter of the site. A site inspection of the plant was

performed by Golder Associates to determine the existing operations of the plant.

The pollutant emission data used in the modeling for the existing and proposed diesel units

are provided in Table 2-1. For future operations, the stack heights for the existing

rehabilitated and proposed sources were assumed to be 27 m in order for the plant's impacts

to reduce the effects due to building downwash and to comply with World Bank ambient air

guideline concentrations (see Section 2.4). In general, according to USEPA procedures,

building downwash effects should be included in the analysis if the ratio of stack height to

5 tN26S 5 - 2-5 - 5

Tsbkt 7.1 Sutmnm 6 StO COerosg.y ard Podlutant Data Inmn Prows Sours Pon-t t: Sana a Etnta atcn PoternPoo,et'Dltarlee Pe.-Plant

osgrcr (IiD Boosing Relul.lorted Sourc (D) Nea Souirce (D)Panorntto Ututl Lta-osl CUr2; UittSt '*htiat Courtn I:umr2 CoilSat Cotttt ClS

Engine DataElestcmcalntonotnlMMt'7 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6Flearoopornearr(41's 5 S 5 5 5 6 6 6 t. 6Engine .tascri- (1 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40Vdoumeratetoelnetpticnolrt.,l1gi 107 ir 107- 13 7 I0 17 107 7O- 107 107Hour d opert NA t760 5760 t760 8760 Z76Q t760 860 v6 5760

a,.& DataStahaghtir- (4I IS .- 2,7 r r 27 27 L-Diamrtttitt.xl 09 09 Q09 0.9 09 09 Q9 09 Q9 09Locatsnotn;,-onaluo0 0 0 0 0 24 24 40 40 40

-,n-lue 0 0 0 0 0 -3S -35 -54 -54 -54

Fd-DataLight Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light

FPd Light -rdcdoil di-6 ob d-ne Os d-ero ob d-iets l dieselul dldcil ded ij d-rd til d ndorJHIeang-alo.ord(M Mg) 4.15 4315 4.15 4-15 4315 401S 43.15 4315 4315 43.15Su(mconta,t(%li NA, I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Fue Contumption (iSI = Hear input mat6htFo contourHeatnpu.re- ("(It S 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6Hranrigtule.netulT.gi 43113 4313 4315 4315 43 15 4315 43.15 4315 43.15 43.15Fur noumnpt-n 440, 0116 0lIt 0116 0116 0.116 01.19 e.I39 eV1s 0.19 0109

Op-atng dataVolume Fli (Nt.n-to = Volume natle crunrnption ottu Cnuuarpotin o/ticouVolu-ieramntr-udonuupnpo1 nCuo$10 3 107 107 107 10. 17 1.7 107 107 107Ful pnsupion (kgs) 0Q116 0116 0.116 0.116 0.116 Q139 Q.139 0139 QI139 0139EfiBn-y (M., ' 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40Vr-urejlrfN.(n') "31o 3.10 310 31 3.10 32 3.72 372 3.72 A72

AM.tl Flint fm's = Vju-l1n-o (Nm. sj 0 (Ehfuint teperature 11. 2-1K)

Tt pe-ra-e (CI 350 350 'SQ 350 350 'SQ 3SQ 35Q 350 35Q(K: 62t 622 623 62Y 62- 623 622 62' 62 623

Am flmraens) 7.1 71 7.1 7.1 7.1 S. 1 6 5 S S aS aS, S

inTro.h 25.465 25.465 25.465 2.465 25.465 70.558 3Q.55,t 3QS6 70.556 3Qwt

Vedoarn orn- l = uote n, 'rm',sec :((d amter; 4) n 3141591

Ver)umo fllrnt 7.1 71 71 7'1 7i1 ta as &s t S.Dh-i -ero ' i0 09 09 Q9 09 e9 09 Q9 0.9 09Volceut rinerc 11.2IIL2 11.12 11.12 11.12 11.12 13.34 13.34 1334 1334 13.34

E-ussion Daa

Ba. (1 (21 (2) (2) 3 (3) (3) (33 (3)C-ncnnran q-pp-n NA 246 246 246 246 246 246 246 246 24651> earn viuonellise c-trc jgNm

t.-pov NA 2.6 2S6 2S6 28S6 256 256 2S6 26 286

SCO REatecv-uo,e tlow ing r' ro 70 36 703 6 70376 7036 706 7Q3 6 713 6 730 6 7336V -umel (N.Nm' s) 3Q.10 310 310 310 l .10 37 3.72 3.72 372 3722Eminiii-nrateig-s; 1.1427 2181 2151 2111 2181 2617 2617 2617 2617 2617

urnncvr' NA AS 6M8 6SS 68S 875 ats aS5 as S1S

Nu.,

Bh,s (I, i2, (2) (2 1 t2 (13) (0) C) (3)Crrifrtvnon (ppm'l NA 1.1Q 1.1Q 1.11' 1V I.IQ0 1.l1 I.Q l.lQQ L1QQ 1.1OQNO,.atn vlume Bi-e- conorgN'pp., NA 2Q05 25 205 205 205 205 25S 205 2S5

NO trn -olu-e l rorn' SOO 2S55 2255 22255 L2SS 225S 2255 2.55 L22S

V-i.u- rflu(N.'7s -, R10 310 310 I .10 3,2 372 372 372 3.72Einissirn rarrzg s, 248&1 naO' r 990 699Q 64990 R13S8 oSS o aos L3ass

tonnuar, NA 2204 2204 2204 2204 2r4.5 264.5 264.5 264.5 264.5

P.MBEas (5l I2 (2) (2) (Z) (3 (3) (3) (31 (33Pm Rarn-luaeholrmKNgNr! S0 so 50 50 5Q 50 50 5Q 5Q 50Vio-r floeNo%rn,, 311 1110 310 310 310 372 372 372 A72 n72Eru.sorn rate (7sF 0155 0155 0155 0 15 0.155 0IS6 Q.5S6 0.IS6 0Q1S6 5.286

IttOnesrN NA 49 49 49 4.9 59 59 5.9 59 5.9

Notr NA nctappiable NAn -ntaailbl.

(11 Car) Br.- Intotnanonl a s, Sanaa^ Eergarotnn Powte Protect Eonoronieoaital Assesenont Second Draft Renmon. April1990. Sneearn 422 FM4 rate aurnste tohemootast writh loniei.peratirens

2D Carl hti Inrernanotral us. Sanala Eserneneri P-etrc retet.x Envnarrnaeriral Assessoert. Seand Draft Reiew. Apnl 1990S 9-tort 5.23'.5 }.2ri nAppdofl'USh: Elrcnto C.crpi.oti-n. Minion c4 Elretouor & W'aers. Dared rnntruong noot spoelcantrn on sieriiegnht. brat rate, turl, and oairt. July. 199s1

(3) Car Br-lo nnairtnal - s. 6anaa EmegWeni Par otect Eovor -reimsotal Asseorro n. Send Drapft Revierw. Api 1998. S-ktion5 o2nd Apptodin t F.

F'Uhbli Elce.tri Ci.rpioraoi-.neliiontr it Eletcunrn & is ate. Died goernno iou t apeotocaono i-nstudhegit. heat rate, tori and fiusiomr. Job-l. 199S1iii -tad incglrts fine tcsnog rdulmaFiltated and new rouri.n lrds~ on ai doersir<n omedeong lore plantasar po.ts tofierrt Wi..ld bane rt guideitne (s Section2 4)

09/26/98 - 2-6 - 9837549B/R1

building height is less than 2.5. Building downwash effects can significantly increase

maximum ground-level concentrations when the stack height is low relative to adjoining

buildings than when there are no adjoining buildings or the stack is high relative to

adjoining buildings. In this analysis, the building dimensions assumed in the modeling

included a building height and width of 12 and 20 m, respectively. As a result, building

downwash effects were included in the modeling since the ratio of stack height to building

height is less than 2.5 and the stacks were assumed to be influenced by building downwash

effects in all directions. Based on the results of air dispersion modeling, the proposed stack

heights of 27 m for the existing rehabilitated and proposed sources are the minimum heights

by which compliance with World Bank ambient air guidelines would be achieved.

The pollutant emissions for the existing and proposed sources at the plant are presented in

Table 2-2 and are compared to World Bank guidelines.

As shown, the pollutant emissions for the existing and future operations of the power plant

comply with the requirements of the World Bank.

Total air quality impacts were estimated by adding the maximum concentration predicted

for the power plant to a background concentration. It should be noted that, for air quality

evaluations, 50 percent of the NO, emissions from the power plant and modeled

background sources was assumed to be converted to NO2 emissions. The background

concentration consists of two components. The first component includes impacts for other

sources that are explicitly modeled. The second component accounts for impacts from

sources that are not explicitly modeled. This component is generally derived from ambient

air quality data.

To determine the background concentration from those sources that would be explicitly

modeled in the analysis, general information was obtained from PEC for industry within 15

to 20 km of the power plant; vehicular fuel consumption in the region; and traffic data near

the plant. A review was conducted by PEC and Golder Associates during the site visit to

determine the general characteristics of the area and potential sensitive receptors that could

be influenced by the plumes from the sources at the plant. Based on this information and

site visit, there is minimal industry and residential areas within 5 km of the power plant site.

09/26/98 -2-7 - 9837549B/Rl

Table 2-2. Comparison of Pollutant Emissions for the Existing and ProposedSources at the Dhahban Plant to the World Bank Guidelines

Emission World Bank GuidelineSource Pollutant (g/Nm3 ) (g/Nm3 )

Existing Operations

Unit 1- Unrehabilitated NO, 0.80 2.30

so, 0.37 2.0

PM 0.05 0.05

Future Operations

Rehabilitated Units 1 to 4 NO, 2.26 2.3

SO, 0.705 2.0

PM 0.05 0.05

Proposed- Units 1 to 5 NO, 2.26 2.3

SO, 0.705 2.0

PM 0.05 0.05

Note: Existing operations include one unit since only one unit was in operationduring the site visit by Golder personnel.

09/26/98 - 2-8 - 9837549B/Rl

Beyond 5 km from the plant, the types of industry include a textile factory and five rock

quarries. Since these sources have low-level releases of air emissions (e.g., short stacks or

fugitive PM emissions from ground-level material handling processes), impacts of pollutant

emissions from these sources are not anticipated to have a significant interaction with the

power plant's maximum concentrations.

Based on recent traffic count data obtained near the power plant, there are a nominal

number of vehicles that travel near the site. These data indicate that peak hourly traffic may

average between 250 to 350 light-duty gas vehicles and 30 to 60 heavy-duty diesel vehicles.

The NO, and PM emissions for the vehicular traffic were estimated based on emission

factors from the USEPA document, "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume

II: Mobile Sources". The SO2 emissions were based on general emission factors used to

develop the regional vehicular emissions. Air quality impacts for vehicular emissions were

based on the vehicles traveling along the road located to the east of the plant. It was

assumed that 350 light-duty gas vehicles and 60 heavy-duty diesel vehicles made two trips

on this road on a hourly basis and traveled about 6 km each way. A summary of the

emission factors and emissions used in the modeling is presented in Table 2-3.

The background concentration due to non-modeled sources were obtained from air quality

data collected at a monitoring station considered to be representative of the conditions near

the Dhahban Power Plant. The monitoring data used are discussed in the following

sections.

2.2.1 Meteorological Data

The meteorological data used in the ISCST3 model consisted of "worst-case" meteorological

conditions designed to maximize impacts from the power plant sources. "Worst-case"

meteorology refers to an array of meteorological events that are assumed to occur for one

wind direction that could persist towards specified receptors. These meteorological

conditions are recommended by the USEPA in performing "worst-case" impact evaluations.

Wind directions were assumed to occur for 36 directions at 10 degree intervals (e.g., 10, 20,

30, etc.). The following meteorological conditions were modeled for each wind direction for

the following range of atmospheric stabilities and wind speed:

09/26/98 - 2-10 - 9837549B/R1

* very unstable stability: wind speeds of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 mns;

* moderately unstable stability: wind speeds of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5 m/s;

* slightly unstable stability: wind speeds of 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 7 nms;

* neutral stability: wind speeds of 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10,12, 15, 17, 20 n/s;

* slightly stable stability: wind speeds of 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5 m/s; and

* moderately stable stability: wind speeds of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5 m/s.

As a result, at each receptor, concentrations were predicted using a total of 1,548

combinations of wind direction, wind speed, and atmospheric stability. Although wind

speeds greater than 5 mnts were not reported from the 1996 data available from the Sana'a

International Airport, wind speeds greater than 5 m/s were used in the analysis because the

USEPA includes these values in estimating "worst-case" impacts to provide a range of

potential wind speeds that could occur at a plant site.

To estimate impacts for longer-term averages, the hourly concentrations are multiplied by

time scale factors developed by the USEPA. The factors are as follows:

* 24-hour: average value of 0.4 with range of 0.2 to 0.6;

* annual: average value of 0.08 with range of 0.06 to 0.10.

In this analysis, the maximum values were used to obtain the longer-averaging period

concentration from the maximum 1-hour concentration predicted by the model (i.e., to

estimate 24-hour and annual average impacts, the maximum 1-hour average impact was

multiplied by factors of 0.6 and 0.1, respectively).

2.2.2 Receptor Locations

Concentrations were calculated by the ISCST model at receptors located in a radial grid,

which had lines or radials extending from the 100 meters (m) out to 5,000 m from the power

plant. A total of 396 receptors were used in the analysis. Receptors were located along 36

radials spaced at 10-degree intervals with the grid centered at the existing diesel units. Since

the sources were separated, the wind direction was assumed to rotate and blow towards

each of the radials for all of the meteorological conditions described in the previous section.

09/26/98 - 2-11 - 9837549B/Rl

2.3 AIR OUALITY EVALUATION

Based on discussions with PEC personnel and a site visit to the region, ambient air quality

data have not been collected in the region or at the power plant site. However, in order to

provide a very preliminary estimate of air quality near the site, ambient air monitoring data

were reviewed by Golder for other monitoring stations located in similar climates (desert)

and with similar levels of industrial activities and vehicular operations. This review revealed

that a three station, continuous monitoring network located near Alexandria, Egypt would

be appropriate for use to determine an estimated "synthetic" baseline for the proposed

project. The network is located in an area similar to that of the northern portion of Sana'a.

The similarities are: (1) the monitoring station is located in an area which has no heavy

industrial facilities or emissions; (2) most of the buildings in the project area are two to three

stories and are either multi-family residential or small commercial shops; (3) the roadway

adjacent to the monitoring station is approximately the same type (two lane asphalt), similar

traffic flow (approximately 450 vehicles per hour), and a similar distance (less than 100

meters) as the existing roadway adjacent to the Dhahban Power Plant. Additionally, the

monitoring network is located in a region dominated by semi-arid conditions with high

natural levels of particulate.

The data from the Egypt monitoring network consists of 12 months of continuous SO2, NO2

and PM10 starting in September 1996. The network was operated and maintained in

accordance with existing USEPA guidelines for ambient air quality monitoring. Based on

this review, the maximum ambient concentrations measured in the network were used to

represent background concentrations (see Table 24).

2.4 PREDICTION OF THE MAXIMUM EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL SITE/ WORSTCASE SCENARIO

A summary of the maximum ambient air quality SO,, NO2, and PM1O impacts predicted

from the existing and proposed power plant operations is presented in Table 2-5. The

maximum impacts are compared to the World Bank guidelines (1988).

For SO2, the maximum concentrations for the existing and proposed plant operations are

predicted to be below the 1988 World Bank guidelines. These concentrations are predicted at

receptors located at the power plant site boundary.

09/26/98 - 2-12 - 9837549B/R1

Table 24. Maximum Ambient Pollutant Concentrations used to RepresentBackground Concentrations

Pollutant Averaging Period Concentration (ug/m3 )

PM 24-hour 196

Annual 57

SO, 24-hour 34

Annual 6

NO, Annual 13

1..1.12 S K,im.Y i,I 1 ,41., ABlQmdKi4l;y Sidilur I '-i, Nitr.g Ip N Pim.i,l. md 1 l .I i.11l.0, N\1i1.d , I (P'1I 111 ( -1 Me.i-m Is00I'erili li Il h-r li S.aii.'.i Il ilig l, y 'li'. ('n i r l' I- ,' itl.dl'giit lowew r ('liiiu

I)kdki Poweluil^r Planit ()tIh.r Gtjiif,l,iI1,,%Avtrlirigil l :hxiiig :li4ri. Ml-N -d (il.l lAir 9ig111 )

Polgllt:aid S-I.mli- (I) I im'. Unit RdN".lb Uiiits l'-l>l tlrt(.) K.ickgromid (4) Qim.lily (5) (4

S(02 I l. I I loiir 142 NA NA 14 NA NA NA

24-Il loor R-e5 NA NA I1 34 102 R)DAni il 91.4 NA NA 1.9 6 17 ItDt

I-illir- I II (loir NA IS 1(55 19 NA NA NA24 1lllor NA III 117 11 34 273 50RtAguln NA I9 19.5 '1. 6 46 I t4)

N) 12 IxislilIg I-I hmir It(' NA NA 181- NA NA NAAtimuil.sl Itl NA NA 19 13 42 1111

1¾itre H 1 looir NA 297 313 1N, NA NA NAAiiim.d NA .t1 3l 19 13 193 11)4

I'MIII Ixis(iilg [ I (ootr 127 NA NA 14 NA NA NA24-1 loir 76 NA NA tt4 196 212 5.114 (6)Ammalm 1(1 NA NA 1.4 57 ht) II) (6)

1:Itorc -I I Imr NA 11 2 13.9 14.tl NA NA NA24 1 Im,ir NA 7.9 h.3 8.4 196 221 5)44 (6)

A ml,, NA 1.3 1.4 1.4 57 61 1111 (6)

NA= 1OM1 applicable

(I) BSaselinie stc-arii assijiiiies ime existinig miharbiiililaled 5-MW iVi' 1 (rrihi 21) MW (ilalil ioperarItlig aid Iackgromiiii i culii4iltratlions.rFiiire sc eiarrio asqsiiies ftur t-xistitig rlreliaililtatl* 5-M'MW iii 11 (iflu 24) MW pialil are o1peraltiig; addillo of tiew 344 MW pilagil amiil backgroooidlcom-cotirtitiis, Simck ieighlts ir rchlabilitalcd a,,)l piioi1iii ii i1ii4s were assiuiicild 4 he 27111.

(2) CTiicenltral,tions i-alcIatei llr I -(imir averagili g pieriidl; 24-1himir averige coliiientlrat)ionis wi re uslimnal,l by nuiltipily)ig the 1 -hi,i, r averAgecmi'recgtralimiis I.y a factor 1f 4.6 (or uitc-ilral t stale And onstabk stailitics; tiir attiliiAl average. rci,unetira,ifls, a 1mtl lor 1, 4.1 was iC( d1.

(3) OtIlier Inhem elI slhorces mimide impai-Is fr(rn veh)iollar trAtlic iear power plant. '(4) C'neci4trations weire estitiialeti for bamkgriuiId soiltrces tiot explicitly miodlh' il; th,se v.ili is were obtaiiieil friroot repiresemIiatiVe ambi elt air olniliorilg data. 00(5) To,tal air ,l;alily is equal tol tic maximulimnl 1i1e eltratiols preliIed (hr t1he iniidcled sminlrics aillei (t li te kilckgrolml"i roviceitrIltiolr) Wl(6) A/ ISP15' e(llm ilclc.timis.

1/26/98 - 2-14 - 9837549B/Rl

milar to SO2, the maximum NO2 concentrations for the existing and proposed plant

,erations are predicted to be below the 1988 World Bank guidelines. Again, these

ncentrations are predicted at receptors located at the power plant site boundary.

lr PMIO, the maximum concentrations for the existing and proposed power plant

erations are also predicted to be below the 1988 World Bank guidelines. A majority of the

edicted impacts are due to the assumed background levels.

,hould be noted that, at greater distances away from the power plant, particularly where

re are inhabited areas, the maximum pollutant concentrations are predicted to be much

ver than the maximum concentration shown in Table 2-5. In fact, at about 300 m from the

4ver plant, the maximum concentrations predicted for the power plant alone are about 50

-cent of the maximum concentrations shown in Table 2-5; at about 1,000 m from the

ver plant, the maximum concentrations predicted for the power plant alone are about 20

-cent of the maximum concentrations shown in Table 2-5.

2se results are considered conservative (i.e., higher than expected) because the

centrations are based on using "worst-case" meteorology designed to produce high

)acts. If actual meteorological conditions representative of on-site conditions were used

ie analysis, it is expected that lower impacts would be produced.

?d on these results, the recommended locations for primary and secondary ambient

-itoring stations are presented in Figure 2-2. The primary location is recommended in an

in which the maximum concentrations are expected to occur due to the future

rations of the plant. The secondary location is recommended in an area that is expected

xperience more frequent exposures to plant concentrations due to prevailing wind

ctions; however, these concentrations are expected to be lower on a short-term

aging period (i.e., 24-hours) than those expected at the primary location. No

mmendations are made at this time for monitoring at other locations around the plant,

cularly at further downwind distances, since these areas are likely to experience lower

ient levels and have fewer periods when the plant's plume would produce an impact.

09i26/98 - 3-1 - 9837549B/Rl

3.0 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

From the modeling results presented in Section 2, two potential locations for the monitoring

station have been determined. The primary location corresponds to the maximum predicted

pollutant impact area for the proposed modifications of the facility. The maximum impact

area is determined by using a short-term (24-hour) averaging period. The maximum impact

area would typically have higher pollutant concentration, yet shorter time periods of such

occurrences. The secondary location is the area for which the long-term (annual) pollutant

impact has been estimated. The secondary (long-term) impact location is the area that

normally will have lower pollutant concentrations that are spread out over longer periods of

time.

The air quality monitoring station located at the desired location near the Dhahban Power

Station should consist of a semi-portable (transportable), environmentally-controlled shelter

with transporter, a continuous SO2 analyzer, a continuous NO, analyzer, a dynamic gas

calibrator with a zero air supply, two particulate matter samplers with calibration orifice, a

meteorological monitoring system consisting of sensors for wind speed, wind direction,

temperature (at two elevations), barometric pressure and solar radiation, a data acquisition

system with mass data storage and auto-calibration sequence capabilities. The monitoring

station should include the analytical support equipment and spare parts required for proper

operations and maintenance for a minimum of three years. The spare parts list will be

developed bv the equipment manufacturers. Equipment warranties will be for a minimum

of two years.

Included in this section are the individual technical specifications, as shown in Table 3-1, for

the equipment required to collect, analyze, and record accurate, precise, and valid ambient

air quality data in the vicinity of the power station. Table 3-2 provides the estimated capital

costs for the procurement and shipment of one completely integrated ambient air

monitoring shelter with 3 years of operational spare parts.

3.1 MONITORING EOUIPMENT

3.1.1 Monitoring Shelter and Transporter

The ambient air quality monitoring shelter should have minimum external dimensions of 2.4

meters wide, 2.4 meters high and 3.6 meters long. This size will accommodate all

09/26/98 - 3-2 - 9837549B/Rl

Table 3-1. Individual Technical SpecificationsSulfur Dioxide (SO2) Continuous Method

1) Detection method: Fluorescence2) Range: 0-0.5 PPM3) Lower detectable limit: s 0.002 PPM4) Precision: c 0.001 PPM5) Zero Drift: < 0.002 PPM/Day6) Span Drift: < 0.002 PPM/Day7) Noise at zero: > 0.0005 PPM8) Requires no consumable gases/wet chemicals for proper operation9) Voltage output: 0-10 Voltage Direct Current (VDC) full scale

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOJ) Continuous Method1) Detection method: chemiluminescent2) Range: 0-1.000 PPM3) Lower detectable limit: c 0.002 PPM4) Precision: < 0.001 PPM5) Zero drift: c 0.002 PPM6) Span drift: < 0.005 PPM7) Noise at zero: s 0.001 PPM8) Requires no consumable gases/wet chemicals for proper operation9) Voltage output: 0-10 VDC full scale

Suspended Particulate MatterLess than 10 mm Aerodynamic Diameter Manual Method

1) Detection method: High volume; gravimetric2) Range: 0.005 to > 20.000 mg/m3

3) Lower detectable limit: c 0.005 mg/rn3 for 24 hrs.4) Time of filter exposure: 23 hours > x > 25 hours5) Zero adjustment: Automatic6) Voltage output: 0-10 VDC

Calibration System for Continuous Analyzers1) accuracy of mass flow controller: s 1 percent full scale2) precision of mass flow controller: s 0.2 percent full scale3) permeation tube oven temp: 35°C4) ozone generator: meets or exceeds USEPA requirements for transfer

standard5) capable of remote activation by data acquisition system for automatic

zero, span and precision checks6) voltage output of mass flow controllers: 0-10 VDC full scale

Page I of 2

09/26/98 -3-3 - 9837549B/R1

Zero Air Supply

1) flow rate: s 20 LPM2) pressure: _ 30 PSIG3) removal of SO2, NO/NO 2, 03, CO and HC from output stream

Data Acquisition System in Monitoring Station1) Accuracy: c 0.5 percent full scale input value2) Analog inputs: 16 double-ended3) Digital control outputs: 164) EEPROM system configuration memory5) Solid state data cartridge: 512K bytes6) RS-232 serial communication interface to modem7) Hayes compatible modem: 14.4K baud minimum

Support Equipment1) SO2 compressed gas cylinders Standard Reference Materials (SRM)2) NO compressed gas cylinders, nitrogen balance, (SRM)3) S.S. two stage regulators for above cylinders4) In-line particulate (Teflon), 0.5 Am pore size for each continuous

analyzer

Sample Manifold1) material: borosilicate glass2) water "knock-out" bottle3) eight sample ports minimum4) blower motor: c 6 LPM

Meteorological Parameters1) Wind Direction:

- accuracy: < 3°- threshold: < 0.5 m/s

2) Wind Speed:- accuracy: < 0.25 rn/s at speeds c 5 in/s- threshold: < 0.5 m/s- distance constant: < 3 m

3) Temperature (at two elevations):-accuracy: c 0.1°C

4) Solar Radiation:- sensitivity: 5 ml/1,000 watts m-2

- linearity: 1% up to 3,000 watts m-2

- stability: <2% in 1 year5) Barometric Pressure:

- accuracy: + 1.35 mb

Page 2 of 2

09126,98 - 3-4 - 9837549B/R1/TAB3-2

Table 3-2. Air Qualitv Monitoring Equipment Costs

Item Number Cost Total

Shelter and Transporter I $14,360 $14,360

5°2 Analvzer 1 $12,485 $12,485

NO. Analvzer 1 $14,375 $14,375

TSP/PM10 Samplers 2 $6,095 $12,190

Met Svstem w/ 10 meter Towe 1 $16,733 $16,733

Calibration System 1 $16,100 $16,100

Zero Air Supplv 1 $4,370 $4,370

Data Acquisition System 1 $7,522 $7,522

Inlet Manifold 1 $1,438 $1,438

Lab Support Equipment 1 $12,350 $12,350

Central Computer 1 $8,000 $8,000

Misc. (Voltage Regulators, etc. Lot $6,325 $6,325

Training Component Lot $23,695 $23,695

Spare Parts of 3 Years Lot $31,562 $31,562

Shipping (C&F from USA) Lot $12,500 $12,500

Total $194,005

09/26/98 -2-9 - 9837549B/R1

Table 2-3. Summary of Pollutant Emission Factors and Emissions Estimated forVehicular Traffic

Parameter NO, PM So,

Emission factor (g/VKT)

Light-duty gas vehicle 2.8 0.018 0.60

Heavy-duty diesel vehicle 7.4 0.48 0.44

Estimated Emissions (kg/hr) 12.6 0.47 0.64

09/26/98 - 3-5 - 9837549B/Rl

of the monitoring equipment as well as the associated support equipment. A transporter

and lifting jacks should be included with the design of the monitoring shelter. The ability of

moving the monitoring shelter allows maximum flexibility in relocating the monitoring

shelter to other areas of potential concern. Relocating the shelter after collecting one to two

years of site-specific air quality and meteorological monitoring data could be accomplished

after performing an air dispersion modeling analysis to determine other areas of impacts.

The monitoring shelter should be constructed of superior materials and with attention to

details that will provide durability and long life. The understructure should be made with

structural steel, with its cross members gusseted to the longitudinal supports for strength.

After construction, the understructure should be washed with thinner and heavily coated

with DuPont red oxide primer, which is an industry-standard high-quality coating. A heavy

coating of black enamel should be applied to prevent rust and corrosion in Yemen's hot and

dusty environment.

Vertical wall posts and roof cross beams should be sufficiently sturdy to support the roof-

mounted high-volume PM,, samplers and the weight of service technicians. A portion of the

roof should be covered with 1/8-inch aluminum diamond deck to support the roof-mounted

instrumentation and provide safe footing for the site technicians. Corner posts and roof

safety rails of extruded aluminum should be detachable during transport. The walls and

roof should be filled with a non-toxic, non-residue-forming type of polyurethane foam for

high insulation capacity.

Its interior temperature should be controlled to 25° ± 2.50 Centigrade, using an 18,000 British

thermal unit (Btu) commercial-grade, window-type air conditioner and a 3-kilowatt (kW)

radiant baseboard heater, each controlled by a single, independent thermostat. The shelter

should be equipped with line voltage surge and lightning protection at the junction box.

Site preparations for the monitoring shelter consists of grading an area that is 2 meters

greater than the external dimensions of the shelter. A level concrete pad may be constructed

to support and secure the shelter in case of severe weather. The meteorological tower base

should be anchored to the concrete pad and connected to the shelter for stability. The

shelter and tower should be enclosed with a 2 meter high chain link fence topped with 3

09/26/98 - -6- 9837549B/Rl

strands of barbed wire. The entrance gate should be wide enough to permit the entry of the

equipment in their shipping boxes (not less than 1.5 meters) and positioned to allow the

10 meter meteorological tower to be lowered to perform routine maintenance of the sensors,

when necessary.

3.1.2 SO, Analyzer

The analyzer provided should have existing USEPA approval as a reference equivalent

method. The instrument skould be an U.V. Fluorescent S02 analyzer. In this analyzer the

U.V. light, which is either pulsed or chopped, is filtered to a specific wavelength known to

excite SO molecules. As these molecules return to the ground state, they emit a

characteristic fluorescence with intensity linearly proportional to the concentration of SO2

molecules in the sample. This fluorescence of the SO, molecules passes through a second

filter to illuminate the sensitive surface of a photomultiplier tube. The resulting output of

the photomultiplier tube is electronically amplified and produces an analog signal respective

to the concentration of SO2 present in the cell. The concentration is displayed digitally and

as an analog signal for recorder and data acquisition.

A system is recommended that includes automatic compensation for natural degradation of

the UV lamp. This minimizes span drift by observing the UV light intensity which is

maintained constant using a closed loop feed back control of the lamp power supply.

This technique requires no support gases other than zero air and SO2 gas for calibration.

Expendibles include a UV lamp (maximum of one per year).

3.1.3 NO, NO2, NO,, Analyzer

The analyzer provided should have existing USEPA approval as a reference equivalent

method. The instrument should be a chemiluminescent-type analyzer. In this analyzer, the

filtered sample enters a reaction chamber where a high concentration of intemally-generated

ozone exists. Any nitric oxide contained in the reaction chamber reacts with the ozone to

form NO2. A light emission results as the NO2 molecules revert to their ground state. This

light emission is filtered and illuminates the sensitive surface of a photomultiplier tube. The

photomultiplier tube output is amplified electronically and the signal generated is

proportional to the concentration of nitric oxide molecules present in the reaction chamber.

09/26/98 - 3-7 - 9837549B/Rl

A portion of the ambient air sample stream is intermittently diverted to a high temperature

catalytic converter that converts NO, and other oxides of nitrogen to NO. The portion of the

sample stream that passes through the converter is the NO, channel. The portion of the

sample that does not pass through the converter prior to entering the reaction chamber is

the NO channel, which is subtracted from the NO, channel electronically. The difference is

equivalent to the NO2 and other oxides of nitrogen present in the sample stream. The

concentration of all three channels (i.e., NO, NO2, and NO.) are displayed on the front panel

and three analog outputs simultaneously provide a signal for recorders and data acquisition.

The recommended system is one that consists of a single reaction chamber and a single

photomultiplier tube. This type of system shares the single chamber to measure the NO,

and NO and has signal processing electronics which compares measurements in proper

time.

This technique requires no support gas other than zero air and NO gas for calibration.

Expendibles include a catalytic converter (maximum of one per year) and silica gel drying

agent, which may be regenerated.

3.1.4 PM,, Sampler

The sampler provided should have existing USEPA approval as a reference equivalent

method. The PM-10 sampler should operate by separating 10um and smaller particles from

ambient air and depositing them on a tare weighed micro-quartz filter. In this instrument,

the particles are separated in a single stage size selective inlet which is designed to operate at

a constant rate of 68 cmh. The flow, required for proper inlet operation, is maintained by a

critical orifice-type volumetric flow controller. The system should include an elapsed time

indicator and a circular chart flow recorder that will facilitate calculation of the total volume

sampled. A 24-hour digital timer should be included to program sampler operation. Two

filter cassettes, for each sampler, should also be included.

A calibration kit with complete manometers, calibration orifice and top loading adapter

should be supplied.

09/26/98 - 3-8 - 9837549B/R1

3.1.5 Multi-gas Calibrator

The calibrator provided should meet USEPA methodology specifications for calibration and

performance audits of ambient air analyzers. This instrument should be capable of blending

high concentration NO and SO2 cylinder gases with zero air to calibrate ambient air

analyzers. In this calibrator, introduction of each of the three gas inputs and one dilution air

input shall be controlled from the front panel and remotely through contact closures. The

calibrator uses two mass flow controllers (MFC): a 0 to 100 cm3/min for dilution air and 0 to

10,000 cm3/min for dilution air. Each MFC is controlled infinitely throughout it's range by

potentiometer settings and to at least two levels remotely through contact closure. Each

MFC flow level should be displayed digitally and have an analog output for recording the

flow level. The system should also include a gas phase titration system, that meets the U.S.

EPA dynamic parameter specifications, for producing various NO2 concentrations by mixing

NO gas with internally generated ozone. The ozone generator should meet USEPA criteria

as a generating transfer standard for ozone. The ozone generator should also controlled

infinitely throughout it's range by potentiometer settings and to two levels remotely by

contact closure. The ozone generator should be stable and capable of repeating

concentrations from known potentiometer settings.

One instrument should be used in each ambient air monitoring station as the resident

calibration device. This type of instrument should also be used as an audit calibrator(s).

Gas cvlinders of NO and SO (size "A" for resident station calibrations, and size "B" for

auditing) should be supplied that meet U.S. EPA Protocol II specifications. The quantity

should be sufficient for 18 months operation. Appropriate regulators and fittings should be

supplied for each station and the audit system(s).

An external zero air system for SO2 and NO/NO2 should be supplied that will deliver up to

10,000 cm3/min at 30 psig to the multi-gas calibrator(s) for each station and the audit

system(s).

09/26/98 - 3-9 - 9837549B/R1

3.1.6 Zero Air Supply

The zero air supply will generate pollutant free ("scrubbed") air to the multigas calibrator for

dilution of calibration gases. The unit should include an external compressor, pressure

regulators, chemical scrubbers, thermal reactors, and temperature controllers in one case.

3.1.7 Data Acquisition System

The data acquisition system (DAS) should be a microprocessor-based specially designed to

acquire and process air quality and meteorological monitoring data. The unit should be

configured to accept up to 16 double-ended analog sensors (32 single-ended analog inputs),

process the data into averages, store data in CMOS memory and transmit over dial-up

telephone lines, where available, to a terminal or central computer center.

The unit consists of a microprocessor, real-time clock, analog input multiplexer, and analog-

to-digital converter, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), an internal

212A type modem, and power supply.

Calibration of the ambient air monitoring equipment is an essential and integral part of an

overall monitoring program. It ensures that the data collected by each instrument is precise

and accurate. The DAS system should be designed to automatically perform zero/span

checks of the gas monitoring analyzers. These systems have been utilized in similar

automated systems around the world with excellent results. Automatic zero/span checks

dramatically increase valid data capture percentage as well as reducing "downtime" of the

analyzers by alerting field personnel of failing parts and/or components on a more timely

fashion.

Sigma-theta calculations should be performed by the DAS. For example, four 15-minute

averages comprising 10-second averages could be stored in the buffer and then the square

root of the sum of the variances of the 15-minute averages would be used to calculate the

sigma-theta value, which is stored in memory and reported as the hourly average. The

report generating software should be specifically designed for use with the DAS.

09/26/98 - 3-10 - 9837549B/Rl

3.1.8 Sample Manifold

The sample manifold system should be made of borosilicate glass, allowing easy cleaning of

the system. The manifold system should include a large water trap, which permits removal

of water vapor without affecting the sampling process. Due to the possibility of high dust

levels in areas of Yemen each analyzer should be fitted with a filter capable of removing

particulate matter prior to entering the analyzer.

3.1.9 Meteorological Parameters

The modular meteorological system gathers meteorological data [wind speed, wind

direction, temperature (at two elevations), barometric pressure, and solar radiation] at the

mobile air quality monitoring station. The meteorological sensors should be mounted on a

10-meter tilt-down instrumentation tower. The tower should be guyed to the ground for

stability as well as safety reasons.

Wind speed is measured by a 3-cup anemometer coupled to a wind speed sensor that

converts the cups' rotation speed to a frequency proportional to wind speed. The frequency

is converted to direct current (DC) voltage by circuits located in the translator and is

recorded by the data acquisition system and on the strip chart recorder. Wind direction is

measured by a wind vane coupled to a precision low-torque potentiometer. The

potentiometer's wiper voltage is a measure of wind direction and is coupled with the wind

direction translator. Circuits in the translator convert the 0-to-360 signal generated by the

potentiometer into a 0-to-540 signal for recording. Signal conversion prevents the

ambiguous reading and chart smearing that can occur in 0-to-360 systems when the wind is

from 360.

The ambient temperature sensor is a precision, extended-range thermistor that accurately

measures ambient temperatures. A 10-second response time, coupled with a large resistance

change for degree of temperature, would ensure fast and accurate ambient temperature

measurements.

The barometric pressure sensor coverts absolute atmospheric pressure into linear,

proportional output voltage using a precision pressure transducer. The transducer should

be housed in a heavy-duty enclosure suitable for harsh and severe environments.

09/26/98 - 3-11 - 9837549B/Rl

The solar radiation (pyranometer) utilizes a differential thermopile detector that produces a

linear voltage proportional to the solar radiation exposure at the sensor.

3.2 TRAINING

A comprehensive, multilevel training component will be provided to a minimum of four

PEC personnel and four EPC personnel by factory trained instructors, using the latest

educational techniques, including detailed operations manuals and visual aids. The training

will focus on both the operations and maintenance portion, and the report and management

phases, of a properly conducted air qualit, monitoring program. The training program will

target the field engineers and technicians to receive operational information. It also will be

specifically tailored in content to the supervisors and managers who will be responsible for

the success of the monitoring program.

The training program will include an overview of the fundamentals of operating and

maintaining an air quality monitoring network. The training will also include detailed

instructions for instituting a Quality Assurance (QA) program and an auditing process

within the monitoring network framework. The training program will target both the field

operations (data collection) aspect and the management (QA and reports) portion of the

monitoring network. While the bulk of the training will be conducted in English, an

English-to-Arabic interpreter to translate technical language should be on hand to assist in

translating technical phrases from English into Arabic during the training. Additionally, the

majority of the equipment operations manuals will be translated into Arabic and provided to

the trainees. Site specific logbooks and check sheets will be developed and printed in a dual

language (English and Arabic) format.

The training program should be initially conducted in a classroom at the PEC headquarters,

for a minimum of two weeks, and would begin with a detailed review on the theories and

principles of ambient air pollutant detection and analysis. Additionally, instruction should

be provided in the operations of support equipment, the sample handling systems, and the

data acquisition systems. The individuals being trained will be introduced to the principles

governing ground-level pollutant concentration calculations, quality assurance procedures,

and data reporting and interpretation protocols.

09/26/98 - 3-12 - 9837549B/Rl

Following this theoretical orientation, trainees would be instructed in the hands-on use of

the monitoring instrumentation, simulating actual field operating conditions. Trainees will

be taught set-up, calibration, and operating procedure under practical, applied conditions.

Each trainee should have ample opportunity to individually use the equipment. Sampling

and analysis procedures detailed in the Standard Operating Procedures manual would be

emphasized. The training will be conducted both in the classroom and at the monitoring

shelter. Basic hand tools and a digital voltmeter will be provided to each trainee for their use

during the training.

The next phase of training would be devoted primarily to preventive maintenance,

troubleshooting, and part replacement procedures. Documentation procedures and forms

would be presented for operation, calibration, and preventive maintenance for all the

instrumentation. This phase of training will take place at the monitoring shelter so that the

trainees can continue their "hands on" training. Each trainee will be informally quizzed

periodically to determine whether the training aspects are being learned by the trainees..

During the final portion of the training, quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA)

concepts, as they apply to the instrumentation and their use, would be introduced. QA/QC

encompasses all actions taken by the PEC to ensure accurate and reliable data collection is

achieved. An established QA/QC program is essential for any organization that wants to

consistently produce valid, accurate and precise sampling data. The EPC trainees will be

thoroughly instructed in the areas of quality assurance programs and auditing procedures,

so that EPC could, if requested by PEC, conduct both systems and performance audits on the

monitoring equipment and network. All personnel who successfully complete this training

will be provided with certificates from the supplier of these services.

09/26/98 - 41- 9837549B/Rl

4.0 AIR EMISSIONS MONITORING EQUIPMENT

A properly configured portable flue gas analyzer to measure exhaust gases as well as other

combustion related parameters will provide both plant operators and regulatory personnel

with accurate stack emissions data as well as combustion performance information. The unit

should combine field-proven electrochemical sensor technology with the latest

microprocessor-based emission calculations and data storage.

4.1 EMISSIONS MONITORING EOUIPMENT

The unit should accurately measure SO, CO, NO, NO2, 02, hydrocarbons, as well as

calculate CO, and NO, concentrations, stack and ambient temperatures, flow rate,

combustion efficiency and excess air values. While this unit should not be intended to

operate as a continuous emissions monitor, requiring rugged construction and ease of use

will makes it ideal for repetitive use. Most units have durable aluminum cases with a

detachable hinged lid, which holds the sample probes, water knockout bottles and

accessories. The body of the case should be designed to permit the removal of an entire gas

sampling assembly and replaced with another pre-calibrated module as required. Other

items and accessories should include peristaltic pumps, heated sample lines, condensation

cooler, on-board impact printer, menu driven user-selectable operations mode and RS232

interface.

The power for the unit should be provided by either rechargeable gel batteries or 220

VAC/50 Hz line voltage. The unit should be able to perform automatic calibration sequences,

self-checks for all systems and automatic air purging of the sensors every time the unit is

turned off. This feature will ensure accurate and precise measurements while conserving

sensor life.

The flue gas analyzer should be easily transported, operated and maintained. Operational

procedures should be carried out by following "user friendly" menu prompts on the liquid

crystal display while using the integral keyboard located on the front panel. Simultaneous

display of all measured and calculated values should be provided so that the operator has a

complete overview of the combustion operations. The data generated for each measurement

cycle should have the option of either being printed out as a hard copy or can be stored on-

board for later output to a serial interface device (i.e., printer PC, etc.).

09/26/98 - 4-2 - 9837549B/R1

The technical specifications for a flue gas analyzer are included in Table 4-1. These

specifications are, at a minimum, the ones required by the PEC, in order to provide the

widest choice of pollutant analysis combined in a single instrument.

The estimated cost for a properly configured portable flue gas analyzer, including all

associated equipment, calibration gases, spare parts and consumables for 3 years, shipping,

and a comprehensive training program is included in Table 4-2.

4.2 TRAINING

A comprehensive, multilevel training component will be provided to a minimum of three

PEC personnel by factory trained instructors, using the latest educational techniques,

including detailed operations manuals and visual aids. The training will focus on both the

equipment operations and maintenance portion, and the emissions calculations report and

phases, of a properly conducted air emissions testing program. The training program will

target the field engineers and technicians to receive operational information. It also will be

specifically tailored in content to the supervisors and managers who will be responsible for

the success of the sampling program.

The training program will include an overview of the fundamentals of operating and

maintaining an air emissions monitoring program. The training will also include detailed

instructions for instituting a Quality Assurance (QA) program within the sampling protocols.

The training program will target both the field operations (data collection) aspect and the

management (QA and reports) portion of the sampling network. While the bulk of the

training will be conducted in English, an English-to-Arabic interpreter to translate technical

language should be on hand to assist in translating technical phrases from English into

Arabic during the training. Additionally, the majority of the equipment manuals will be

translated into Arabic and provided to the trainees. Site specific logbooks and check sheets

will be developed and printed in a dual language (English and Arabic) format.

The training program should be initially conducted in a classroom at the PEC headquarters,

for a minimum of two weeks, and would begin with a detailed review on the theories and

principles of air emissions pollutant detection and analysis. Additionally, instruction should

09/9g g -4-3 9S3749BlRV3TAB41

Table 4-1. Specifications for Portable Flue Gas Analyzer

Component of Parameter Specifications

Gas Cells Range Accuracv Resolution- Oxygen (02) 0 to 25, vol t 1.0 percent t 1.0 percent vol- CO (low) 0 to 2.000 ppm t 4.0 percent t I ppm- CO high) 0 to 40.000 ppm - ] I ppm (up to 4.000 ppm)-502 0 to 2.000 ppm - 4.0 percent t 1 ppm- NO 0 to 1.000 ppm 4.0 percent t 1 ppm- N02 0 to 100 ppm t 4.0 percent t 1 ppm-HC 0 to 5 ±t 0.1 percent

Operating Range.-CO 0 to 500 ppm t 4.0 percent t I ppm

0 to 1.000 ppm t 4.0 percent ± 1 ppm0 to 10 percent

- NO 0 to 500 ppm t 4.0 percent t ] ppm0 to 2.000 ppm t 4.0 percent t 1 ppm0 to 4.000 ppm t 4.0 percent ± 1 ppm

-502 0 to 1.000 ppm ± 4.0 percent t l ppm

Miscellaneous- Flue Gas Temp 0 to 999 IC (32 to 1830 IF)- Ambient Temp 0 to 50 'C (32 to 122 'F)- Draft t 51 cm (20 in) water gauge- C02 Efficiency Calculated (oniy with 02 measurements)and Excess Air- Sensor Types Electrochemical Cell (02, CO (low), CO (high), SO', NO, NO2

Thermocouple (Flue gas temperature)Solid State Sensor (Ambient temperature)

- Display 40 x 8 matrix LCD with back lighting- Printer Paper and ink cartridge (0.5 million character life)

Paper roll 57mm wide and 19 m long

- Power Supply 220/240 VDC t 105%, 50 HZ rechargeable 12 V battery

09/26/98 - 4-4 - 9837549B/Rl

Table 4-2. Budgetary Costs for Emissions Monitoring Equipment

Item Number Cost Total

Portable Emissions Monitor(including SO2, NO, NO2, HC, 02, CO, CO2 cells) $

Cables, Wiring, Reagents, Etc. 1 $6,500 $6,500

Cal. Gases w/ Regulators 1 $2,400 $2,400

Training Lot $15,015 $15,015

Spare Parts and Consumables for 3 Years Lot $19,745 $19,745

Total $74,250'

'Cost estimates for shipping equipment are included in cost for portable emissions monitor.

09/26/98 - 4-5 - 9837549B/Rl

be provided in the operations of support equipment, the sample handling systems, and the

data acquisition systems. The individuals being trained will be introduced to the principles

governing combustion and emissions calculations, quality assurance procedures, and data

reporting and interpretation protocols.

Following this theoretical orientation, trainees would be instructed in the hands-on use of

the sampling instrumentation, simulating actual field operating conditions. Trainees will be

taught set-up, calibration, and operating procedure under practical, applied conditions.

Each trainee should have ample opportunity to individually use the equipment. Sampling

and analysis procedures detailed in the Standard Operating Procedures manual would be

emphasized. The training will be conducted both in the classroom and at the stack. Basic

hand tools and a digital voltmeter will be provided to each trainee for their use during the

training.

The next phase of training would be devoted primarily to preventive maintenance,

troubleshooting, and part replacement procedures. Documentation procedures and forms

would be presented for operation, calibration, and preventive maintenance for all the

instrumentation. This phase of training will take place with the equipment so that the

trainees can continue their "hands on" training. Each trainee will be informally quizzed

periodically to determine whether the training aspects are being learned by the trainees.

During the final portion of the training, quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA)

concepts, as they apply to the sampling instrumentation and their use, would be

introduced. QA/QC encompasses all actions taken by the PEC to ensure accurate and

reliable emissions data collection is achieved. An established QA/QC program is essential for

any organization that wants to consistently produce valid, accurate and precise sampling

data. The EPC trainees will be thoroughly instructed in the areas of quality assurance

programs and auditing procedures, so that EPC could, if requested by PEC, conduct both

systems and performance audits on the sampling equipment. All personnel who

successfully complete this training will be provided with certificates from the supplier of

these services.

09/26/98 - 51- 9837549B/R1

5.0 MONITORING PLAN/QUALITY ASSURANCE

The monitoring plan presented in this section outlines the general operations, objectives, and

responsibilities of properly operating and maintaining an ambient air monitoring station or

network. Each air quality monitoring network, whether consisting of one or more than one

monitoring stations, should develop and prepare a monitoring plan or standard operating

procedure (SOP) and a quality assurance (QA) program that is both project-specific and

equipment-specific for that network. The monitoring plan should include the appropriate QA

checks which helps to ensure valid and complete data collection. The procedures set forth in a

monitoring plan SOPs are applicable for all personnel working with the monitoring

instruments, individuals preparing the data reports and those managing or supervising the

overall monitoring program. The following identifies the items and actions to be taken during

the monitoring program to ensure that the data are collected and reported are accurate,

precise, and valid.

5.1 OBTECTIVES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The primary responsibility for operating and maintaining the station is delegated to the Site

Technician from the Project Manager. The qualifications of the Site Technician should include

being reliable and detail oriented, being familiar with the operations and diagnostic checks

associated with solid-state electronics and test equipment similar to the equipment used in the

monitoring network, having attended the vendor-supplied equipment training sessions, and

having a good working knowledge of computers and associated software. Since the data

acquisition system typically includes equipment-specific collecting and reporting software,

computer programming expertise would not required.

The objectives of visiting the ambient air quality monitoring station by the Site Technician are

to:

1. Assess the status of each monitoring system,

2. Evaluate the quality and validity of data being gathered,

3. Perform data collection and maintenance tasks as scheduled or indicated, and

4. Document all significant information for historical analysis.

Site Technician should visit the station at least three times per week to check on the status of

the equipment as well as the data being collected. During these visits, the Site Technician will

09/26/98 - 5-2 - 9837549B/R1

check the time and date of the DAS to ensure synchronization, visually inspect the sample

manifold and sample lines for dirt or condensation, and maintain the general station

appearance. Weekly, the Site Technician will record the parameters in the various service logs

described in this document. The following general procedures should be used for each site

visit as a minimum:

1. Complete all service logs for the instruments and station (to be done once a week).

The individual service logs for each instrument are described in greater detail in the

general operating procedures section for each instrument located in this manual.

The service log for the station is described in greater detail below (Section 5.2). The

originals of the service logs will be kept onsite in a 3-ring binder or file folder in the

desk.

2. Ensure that the time and date on the DAS is correct and synchronized with the

station PC.

3. Complete the entry in the Station Logbook as to the reason for the site visit, the

condition of the station and monitoring systems, all internal and external activities

that could influence the data being collected, all actions performed at the station

during the visit, the names of all persons visiting the stations, and the entry and

departure times. Logbook entries are discussed further later in Section 5.3.

Data validity is another important assignment for the Site Technician, who has the most

knowledge regarding instrument status and performance, and is easily able to identify invalid

or suspect data. Guidelines for making judgments and documentation for historical

verification are described in this manual. However, detailed corrective actions for abnormal

conditions are not included. Such instructions are provided in the specific instrument manuals

which are considered an integral part of this quality assurance plan.

The Site Technician is responsible for performing his or her duties in accordance with site

specific SOPs and for completing and submitting the indicated documents. The Project

Manager is responsible for auditing the Site Technician's performance, using the SOPs as

guidance.

Operations and Maintenance (O&M) schedules for the Site Technician are presented in

Tables 5-1 and 5-2. These tables list the O&M required, indicate their frequency, provide a

09/26/98 - 5-3 - 9837549B/Ri

Table 5-1. SOQ, NO,, and PM,,, Equipment Operation and Maintenance Schedule (Page 1 of 2)

Operation Frequency Reference Form

1. 52 Analvzera. Check vacuum Each site visit Instrument manual Service Logb. Check inlet filter Each site visit SOP Service Log

(change as required)c. Level 1 Zero Automatic Daily Activation SOP NAd. Level 1 Span Automatic Daily Activation SOP NAe. Precision Check Automatic Daily Activation SOP NAf. Multi-point calibration Quarterly, or as needed SOP SO2 Calibration Formg. Quality Assurance Audit Quarterly SOP SO2 Audit Formh. Clean probe line Quarterly, or as needed Instrument manual Station Logbooki. Inspect capillary Quarterly, or as needed Instrument manual Station Logbookj. Clean fan filter Quarterly, or as needed Instrument manual Station Logbook

2. NO, Analyzera. Check vacuuri Each site visit Instrument manual Service Logb. Check inlet filter Each site visit SOP Service Log

(change as required)c. Level 1 Zero Automatic Daily Activation SOP NAd. Level 1 Span Automatic Daily Activation SOP NAe. Precision Check Automatic Daily Activation SOP NAf. Multi-point calibration Quarterly, or as needed SOP NO, Calibration Formg Quality Assurance audit Quarterly SOP NO, -Audit Formh. Clean probe line Quarterly, or as needed Instrument manual Station Logbooki. Inspect capillarv Quarterly, or as needed Instrument manual Station Logbookj. Clean fan filter Quarterly, or as needed Instrument manual Station Logbook

3. PM,, Samplera. Check Anti-Bounce Plate Each Visit SOP Station Logbookb. Check Filter Gaskets Each Visit SOP Station Logbookc. Change PM,,, Filters 6-Dav Schedule SOP Station Logbookd. Check and Clean Monthly SOP Station Logbook

Acceleration Tubese. Flow Check Monthly SOP VFC Flow Check Formf. Qualitv Assurance Audit Quarterly SOP PM11, Audit FormCY Change Motor Brushes Quarterly SOP Station Logbookh. Change Motor Cushion Quarterly SOP Station Logbook

Gasket

4. Data Acquisition Systema. Check time and date Each site visit SOP Station Logbookb, Download Data Weekly SOP Station Logbookc. Performance Check Quarterly Instrument manual Station Logbook

09/26/98 -54 - 9837549B/Rl

Table 5-1. SO,2 NO., and PM,, Equipment Operation and Maintenance Schedule(Continued, Page 2 of 2)


5. Multi-gas Calibration Systema. Check cvlinder Weekly SOP Site Service Log

pressuresb. Check line pressures Weeklv SOP Station Logbookc. Check system for leaks Prior to each analyzer SOP Station Logbook

calibrationd. Clean fan filter Quarterly, or as needed Instrument manual Station Logbooke. Calibrate the mass flow Semiannuallv Instrument manual Mass Flow

controllers Meter Cal Form

6. Zero air supplya. Change charcoal Semi-annuallv NA Station Logbookb. Change PURIFIL® Semi-annually NA Station Logbook

7. Digital voltmetera. MIST-traceable Annually SOP Test Equipment

calibration Calibration Form

0926/98 - 55 - 9837549B/R1

Table 5-2. Meteorological Equipment Operation and Maintenance Schedule


1. Wind Direction Sensora. Reasonable response Each site visit SOP Met Service Logb. Independent audit Semiannually SOP Met Audit Formc. Replace bearings Annually Instrument manual Station Logbookd. Replace vane As needed Instrument manual Station Logbook

2. Wind Speed Sensora. Reasonable response Each site visit SOP Met Service Logb. Independent audit Semiannually SOP Met Audit Formc. Replace bearings Semiannually Instrument manual Station Logbookd. Replace propeller As needed Instrument manual Station Logbook

3. Temperature Sensorsa. Reasonable response Each site visit SOP Met Service Logb. Independent audit Semiannually SOP Met Audit Form

4. Solar Radiation Sensora. Reasonable response Each site visit SOP Met Service Logb. Independent audit Semiannually SOP Met Audit Form

5. Barometric Pressure Sensora. Reasonable response Each site visit SOP Met Service Logb. Independent audit Semiannually SOP Met Audit Form

6. Digital voltmetera. NIST-traceable Annually SOP Test Equipment

calibration Calibration Form

09/26/98 - 5-6 - 9837549B/R1

section reference for this manual (or references the instrument manual, if appropriate), and

indicate which form should be used to document the operation. Similarly, Table 5-3 cross-

references these operations by frequency, starting with the most frequent (i.e., daily activities).

The Site Technician should use these tables as tools to plan and guide site visit activities. Doing

so will help assure smooth network operation, aid in the documentation of site O&M activities,

and thereby assure that data produced by the network will meet regulatory requirements.

5.2 SITE SERVICE LOG

The Site Service Log, Site Form - 01, shown in Figure 5-1, lists the maintenance which is to be

performed on the monitoring site throughout each month, usually on a weekly basis. This log

is meant to provide a means for reminding the Site Technicians of all the different items that

need to be checked at the station. This list in not all inclusive and the Site Technician may find

other items that should be checked regularly that are not on this list. Any such items can be

documented in the Station Logbook. An example of a parameter that is on the log is

temperature. For this item, the wall-mounted thermometer records the minimum and

maximum temperature readings. Record both the minimum and maximum readings in the

space provided. For a more general heading, such as air conditioning filter, that system is to be

checked and maintenance performed as needed. In a case such as this where the system

requires replacement or cleaning, that action should be noted in the space provided. If the

item requires further service, place an "X" in the space, describe the service required in detail in

the Station Logbook, and inform the Project Manager. An "OK' in any space such as this

indicates that the item is in satisfactory shape and requires no action for that week.

Each item on the Site Service Log is described below.

1. Date--Calendar date that the service was filled out. Use the Date function on the

data logger to get this information. This will ensure that the data logger date is

correct.

2. Initials--Initials of the operator performing the service checks.

3. Manifold and Sample Lines

a. Manifold-Check the entire glass manifold and supporting polyvinyl

chloride (PVC) structure (outside). Ensure that the glass is dean, unbroken,

09i26/98 - 5-7- 9837549B/R1

Table 5-3. Frequency of Site Operations (Page 1 of 2)

Frequency and Operation

Dailv

a. Complete Entry in Narrative Log (Station Log Book)

b. Check Data Reasonableness

c. Check strip chart time and date

d. Mark All Power Failures or Data Events in the Log Book

e. Equilibrate and Weigh PM,, Filters as Needed

f Sweep Station Pads as Needed

Weekl]:

a. Download data from data logger to PC

b. Complete Site Service Log

c. Complete 502 Service Log

d. Complete NO, Service Log

e. Complete Met Service Log

f Drain water from zero air tank

g. Change analyzer inlet filters

h. Change PM Filters (By 6-Day Schedule)

i. Review SO, Zero/Spanl/Span2 data

j. Review NO, Zero/Spanl/Span2 data

Monthlv

a. Send Service Logs, Station Logbook copies, data diskettes, Calibration Forms to Project

Manager

b. Perform flow leak checks on PM,,, samplers

c. Clean air conditioner filters

d. Clean inlet manifold

e. Check station integrity

09/26/98 -5-8 - 9837549B/R1

Table 5-3, Frequency of Site Operations (Continued, Page 2 of 2)

Frequency and Operation

Ouarterly:

a. SO2, NO., PM,0 Audits

b. Calibrate SO, analyzer

c. Calibrate NO, analyzer

d. Clean probe line

e. Clean fan filters

Semiannuallv:

a. Calibrate MFC(s) in network calibrators

b. Audit Meteorological Equipment

c. Replace Wind Speed and Wind Direction Bearings (if needed)

d. Inspect Anemometer Cups and Vane

Annually:

a. Calibrate digital voltmneter

b. Calibrate PMj, flow orifice

Note: MFC = mass flow controller

-5-9-

Figure 5-1 SITE SERVICE LOG' SITE FORM-01

Project Name: Project Number:_

Site: Month: Year:

SERVICE LOG ITEM WEEK I WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5

Date

Technician Initials

Manifold &- Sample Lines

Temperature MAX/M IN (°F or CC)

Manometer (In. of H.O)

Blower

AC Filter

Fire Extin2uisher

Building Tie Downs

Appearance(Neatness. Grass Cut)

Securitn(Doors. Locks. Ext. Lights)

Generator Elapsed Timer Reading

Generator Run Test

Drain Compressor Tank

GAS CYLINDER INVENTORYTYPE OF GAS CERT. BOTTLE PRESSURE2

(ppm) DATE SER. NO.

WEEKI WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK4 WEEK 5

'OK or X = Not OK - Action Required:At <200 PSI. Notifv Project Manager

SITELOG.FRM--1/25/99 Golder Associates

09/26/98 - 5-10 - 9837549B/R1

and leak free from the outside sample intake to the exhaust blower. Ensure that

all sample ports are leak free and that all unused ports are plugged.

b. Sample Lines-Check each sample line to see that it is leak free, dry, and clean.

Be sure that there no kinks or other flow obstructions. All of the sample lines

should be constructed of Teflon®. The fittings and filter holder should be

constructed out of Teflon(®, 316 stainless steel, or glass. Check the filter to be

sure that it is also leak free.

4. Temperature--Record the minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX) temperature

readings from the MIN/MAX thermometer located on the wall. Reset the MIN/MAX

markers after obtaining the reading.

5. Manometer--Record the reading and confirm proper sample manifold pressure.

6. Blower-Make certain that the exhaust blower is running properly and is connected

to the manifold correctly. Report any excessive heat or noise coming from the motor.

7. Air conditioning filter-Inspect the air conditioner filter every other week and clean

as needed. At the same time, take note of the general condition of the air

conditioner and take any corrective action necessary.

8. Fire extinguisher- Confirm proper pressure in fire extinguisher.

9. Shelter tie downs-The shelter tie downs should be tight and secure. Lubricate these

as needed.

10. Appearance-The station must be kept neat and dean. Remove any refuse each visit

and sweep out any debris. All vegetation around the site should be trimmed

regularly.

11. Securit-See that the shelter and fenced enclosure doors and gates are securely

locked and all of the locking mechanisms work smoothly. Lubricate as needed.

12. Gas cvlinder inventorv-List each gas as indicated below:

a. Type of Gas--This is the chemical name of each gas, its intended use and the

concentration in parts per million (ppm) (example: S02 - cal, 50.00 ppm);

b. Vendor--List the manufacturer of the gas here;

c. Bottle serial number-Record the tank serial number; and

d. Weekly pounds per square inch (psi)--This is the psi reading taken off the

primary gauge of the cylinder regulator.

[NOTE: Every bottle on the site should be listed in this section of the form to

aid in the inventory of the gas tanks. If a cylinder is replaced during the

09/26/98 - 5-11- 9837549B/R1

course of the month, write REPLACED in the next available column and start

a new row for the new tank with all the information described above. Any

cylinders that are installed or removed from the site should also be noted in

the Station Logbook. Personal calibration or audit standards are excluded

from this form.]

15. Drain Compressor Tank-Each week, drain the compressor tank. Be sure to clean

up any water that may spill out onto the floor.

5.3 STATION LOGBOOK

The Station Logbook is to be kept in the shelter at all times. The carbon copies for each page

should be removed at the end of each month and returned to the Project Manager. The

Station Logbook is intended to be used as a chronological history of everything that occurs in

and/or around the monitoring stations. All site visits, calibrations, instrument maintenance or

repairs, and audits also must be entered in the Station Logbook. Any activity that occurs in or

around the site that could possibly influence the data must be documented here. This could

include such activities as mining or agricultural work in the area, construction work, unusual

stack emissions, thunderstorms, or grass-cutting. The Station Logbook, along with the zero

and span checks, will be one of the primary sources of information the Project Manager will

use to validate or invalidate the data collected at the site. Therefore, nothing is considered

insignificant. As a rule of thumb, record enough information in the logbook so that upon

reading the entry several months later, you will be able to easily reconstruct what went on at

the monitoring station during that time period. Each month, start a new log page and mark

the last page of the month such that no more entries can be made on that page. Be sure to

change the carbon paper whenever the copies in the station logbook start to become faint.

5.3.1 Station Configuration

The continuous analyzers (SO2, NO., and Met. Systems), in-station calibrator, and DAS at each

station are bench top mounted to allow easier access should any repairs be required. The

station is designed to automatically collect and store data in the DAS from each of the

continuous analyzers (SO2, NO., and Met. Systems). The DAS, in addition to collecting data,

also controls the automatic calibration system to perform daily zero and span checks on the

SO2 and NO, analyzers. The DAS then records the resulting checks. A certified blended-gas

cylinder containing both SO, and NO calibration gasses will be used for all span checks and

09i26/98 - 5-12 - 9837549B/Rl

calibrations. Since this calibration cylinder and the calibrator flows are certified, all zero and

span checks are "Level 1 Zero and Span Calibrations" as defined in the USEPA Quality

Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Svstems: Volume II. Ambient Air Specific

Methods. The SO, and NO, analyzers effectively receive a two-point calibration daily,

ensuring a high data validity analyzer percentage.

The meteorological system [horizontal wind speed and direction, temperature, differential

temperature (at 2-meters and 10-meters), barometric pressure, and solar radiation] is also

located in the station. The horizontal wind speed and direction sensors are mounted at the ten

(10) meter level on a 10-meter guyed tower. The two temperature sensors are mounted the at

2-meter and 10-meter levels on the same tower. The barometric pressure and solar radiation

sensors are also tower mounted. Monitoring data are collected continuously from these

sensors by the DAS.

Two inhalable particulate (PM1 O) samplers are mounted on a platform beside the monitoring

station. The second sampler at the station is designated as the collocated sampler. PM,o

samplers are scheduled to run every six (6) days in accordance with the USEPA National 6-Day

Sampling Schedule for 24-hours (from mid-night to mid-night).

5.4 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

The objective of any ambient air monitoring stations is to collect the maximum amount of data

possible that meets the guidelines established in the USEPA Quality Assurance Handbooks,

Volume I, II, and IV and the approved QAPP for the project. For this project, Golder will

follow the guidelines established in the USEPA Quality Assurance Handbooks for all criteria

under Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). Under PSD guidelines, various

parameters are used to determine the validity of ambient air data. Some of these parameters

are quantitative (i.e. zero and span checks, calibrations) and some are qualitative (i.e.

equipment selection and probe siting). Each of these topics will be discussed below.

5.4.1 Equipment Selection

All of the monitoring equipment selected for this project is approved by the USEPA and has

been designated as either a reference or an equivalent method. These methodologies are

09/26/98 -513 - 9837549B/Rl

described in 40 CFR 53. Meteorological equipment, data acquisition systems, calibrators, zero

air supplies, and back-up recorders are not issued an equivalent or reference number.

5.4.2 Instrument and Probe Siting

USEPA PSD monitoring guidelines recommend that air quality monitors should be placed at

the location(s) where maximum concentration increases caused by the new source alone and

by the new source and existing sources combined, are predicted to occur. The monitoring site

will be located in, or as close as reasonably possible to, these impact areas.

Within the station compound, the location of the sampling probe for each analyzer will

conformn to the requirements set forth in 40 CFR 58 (Appendix E) - Probe Siting Criteria for

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring. The analyzers and related calibration and data acquisition

equipment will be installed in an environmentally controlled equipment shelter and operated

in accordance with the reference/equivalent method configuration and settings specific to each

monitor.

5.4.3 Control Limits

As part of the quality assurance program for this project, control limits will be established for

the Level 1 Zero and Span checks, calibration criteria, sample line integrity checks, precision

checks, and quality assurance performance audits. These control limits or action levels will

follow the suggested limits described in the USEPA Quality Assurance Handbooks, Volumes I

and II.

1. Level 1 Zero and Span Checks:Control or Action to

Parameter Action Limits be TakenLevel 1 Zero 0 -±10 ppb No Action Taken

+10 ppb - ±15 ppb Notify Project Manager,Adjust and Recalibrate Analyzer

(Optional)+15 ppb - ±25 ppb Notify Project Manager,

Adjust and Recalibrate Analyzer(Required)

> ±25 ppb Data Invalid, Adjust and

Recalibrate Analyzer

Control or Action toParameter Action Limits be Taken

09/26/98 - 5-14 - 9837549B/Rl

Level 1 Span 0 - ±10% No Action Taken±10% - ±15% Notify Project Manager,

Adjust and Recalibrate Analyzer(Optional)

15% - ±25% Notify Project Manager,Adjust and Recalibrate Analyzer

(Required)> ±25% Data Invalid, Adjust and

Recalibrate Analyzer

2. Calibration Criteria

Calibrations are performed on all the instruments in the network. However,

only the calibrations of the SO2 and NOQ analyzers will generate data points

that will be used to evaluate the response of the analyzer. These data points

can, if needed, be used to correct the data collected, at the discretion of the

Project Manager. Calibrations are run on these instruments on a quarterly

basis, whenever the analyzer exceeds the Level 1 Zero and Span limits or

quality assurance performance audit limits, or whenever there has been a

repair made to the analyzer. Data points generated by the calibrations are the

slope, intercept, correlation coefficient, and the average percent deviation.

a. Linear Reeression Analvses--A linear regression analyses will be

performed between the actual concentration being produced by the

calibrator (x) and the response of the analyzer as read through the DAS

(y). The linear regression will generate a slope (m), intercept (b), and

correlation coefficient (r). If any of the parameters are outside the limits

shown below (and in each subsequent adjusted calibration section), the

Project Manager must be notified and the calibration re-run. The

definition and limits of these parameters are:

i. Slope-The slope of the line (m) produced in the linear regression

must meet the following criteria: 0.85 2 m < 1.15

ii. Intercept-The intercept (b) of the linear regression must meet the

following criteria: - 15.0Ž b < 15.0 (This criteria is for an instrument

with a range of 500 ppb)

iii. Correlation Coefficient-The correlation coefficient (r2) of the linear

regression must be greater than (>) 0.995.

09,26/98 -515 - 9837549B/Rl

b. Average Percent Deviation-For each of the calibration points, we will

need to calculate the percent error between the actual concentration and

the analyzer response via the DAS.

i. Calculate the percent deviation between each set of calibration points

using the following formula:

Percent Deviation = (Y' X )] x 1000

where: X, = actual concentration from the calibrator in ppm or

ppb), and

Y= analvzer response ppm or ppb.

ii. Enter the appropriate values on the calibration form and in the

Station Logbook.

iii. Calculate the average percent deviation by adding all the percent

deviation numbers together and dividing by the number of

calibration points.. If the average of the average percent deviation of

the span points is within +15 percent, the analyzer is in calibration

and is responding linearly over the range of interest (O to 500 ppb). If

the average percent error exceeds 15 percent, perform an adjusted

calibration.

Calibrations information of the meteorological system will be accordance with

established guidelines.

The PM1 O samplers are factory calibrated, but undergo a one-point flow

verification check when the samplers are installed. Subsequent calibrations on

the PM,, samplers will be carried out in accordance with the schedules

previously presented in Tables 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3.

The in-station gas blending calibrator will also be calibrated quarterly or after a

repair. The slope and intercept generated in these calibrations will be used to

accurately correct the displayed flow information.

3. Sample Line Integrity Check

09/26/98 - 5-16 - 9837549B/Rl

A sample line integrity check (SLIC) is a test that determines how much, if any,

sample is lost in the sample line and will be conducted and documented in

conjunction with multi-point calibrations on a quarterly basis. The check is

performed to ensure that there is minimal degradation of the sample caused

by the sample line and filter. No more than a 2 percent deviation is allowed.

A deviation of more than 2 percent indicates either contaminated sample lines

( Instrument Response Instrument Response)

SLIC % Deviation = (Through Sample Line/Filter) 1 Back of Instrument )l00Instrument Response Back of Instrument

and inlet filter or leaks in the sampling system. Check these items and re-run

the test. Document results in the Station Logbook and inform the Project

Manager. Calculate the deviation as follows:

4. Precision Checks

Precision checks are low level span checks that are run on the analyzers to assess

how precise the analyzers operate at low concentrations. Precision values are used

by the Project Manager to predict how dependable the data is over a given period of

time. This dependability or confidence interval is a. function of the average

deviation from the precision checks. However, precision checks do not validate or

invalidate data, only "Level 1 Zero and Spans", calibrations, or instrument failure can

do that. Results from precision checks are reported to the Project Manager who will

in turn use them in the calculation of the data precision as described in Section 2.0.8

of Volume II of the USEPA Quality Assurance Handbooks. Any deviation greater

than ±15% should be reported immediately and the test re-run to verify no mistakes

were made.

D. Quality Assurance Performance Audits

Two types of audits, systems and performance, are typically performed on the

monitoring equipment to appraise, on a qualitative and quantitative basis,

respectively, the monitoring data collected by the network. The audits are

performed independently from the actual monitoring operations. Audits are a

way to determine how well an air quality monitoring network and program are

functioning. The audit is a detailed study that answers the question of how well is

09/26/98 -5-17- 9837549B/Rl

the monitoring system is operated and maintained. Audits are conducted on the

data collection portions of the monitoring network at regular intervals throughout

the year, usually quarterly. During the comprehensive air quality monitoring

training program, the PEC will identify the appropriate individuals who will be

responsible for the conducting the audits.

Systems audits are conducted to assess whether the network's quality assurance

plan is being properly implemented with regards to any regulations governing the

collection, analyses, validation, and reporting of ambient air data. A systems audit

identifies any discrepancies found in the monitoring and data collection programs

and provides those corrective actions required to achieve the minimum levels of

compliance for the monitoring program.

Performance audits are used to accurately assess measurement techniques under

normal operating conditions without any special preparation or adjustment of the

system. Routine zero, span, and precision checks are vital to quality assurance,

but are not a regular part of auditing procedures. Therefore, performance audits

are conducted by individuals not associated with the dailv routines of operating

and maintaining the air quality monitoring network and/or those not using the

equipment at the site.

Qualitv assurance performance audits should be performed quarterly on each

instrument in the network, except the meteorological parameters, using

designated audit equipment that is independent of the normal operation of the

network. Meteorological parameters should be audited every 6 months after

monitoring start-up. Audit results are used to assess the accuracy of the data

collected in the network and not to validate or invalidate data. However, if an

audit fails due to an obvious problem, such as a pump failure or the instrument

having no power, the auditor will report the failed piece of equipment to the Site

Technician, who will inform the Project Manager, in order to minimize loss of

data.

09126/98 - 6-1- 9837549B/Rl

6.0 REVIEW OF PROPOSED 33 KV TRANSMISSION LINES

PEC recently performed a 33 kV transmission reinforcement study which outlined their plan

to increase the capacity of individual transmission lines required by the installation of the

proposed 30 MW power plant at the existing Dhahban Power Station. The four new 33 kV

transmission line routes are shown in Figure 6-1:

1. A new 33 kV line from the Dhahban Power Station to the northeast substation (8.6 km

overhead lines and 1.3 km underground cable).

2. A new 33 kV line frorn the Dhahban Power Station to the Airport Road and intercepting

the existing 33 kV line from Rawdan substation (3.6 km overhead lines and 1.3 km

underground cable).

3. A new 33 kV line from the Dhahban Power Stations to the northwest substation (7.5 km

overhead lines and 1.2 km underground cable).

4. A new 33 kV line from Asser BSP to the southwest substation (5.2 km overhead lines and

2.5 km underground cable).

Table 6-1 describes the physical conditions of the right-of-way (ROW) of each of the four

new transmission lines to the surrounding area. Potential negative impacts on the

environment for each line are discussed.

As shown, the four proposed transmission lines utilize either existing distribution right-of-

ways (ROW) or follow existing roadways, thus minimizing potential environmental impacts.

The four proposed lines were visually inspected and their ROWs are located in sparsely

populated and undeveloped areas. There would be minimal vegetative damage due to the

proposed routing utilizes ROWs that are already existing. The impacts due to the

construction (installation of the support structures and the stringing of cable) of the

transmission lines will be minimal as well, since the support structures will be standard 12

meter poles and will require no extraordinary construction techniques for installation.

Figure 6-2 is a photograph illustrating an existing 33 kV in the region, which is

representative of the ROW conditions along all four proposed 33 kV lines.

The review of the four proposed 33 kV transmission lines concludes that the new lines

would not cause any negative or adverse environmental impacts.

l~~~1OSWM4Satow

1' N?Nm E Th\'.. 4k * c,a,.'3

4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j 0,~ 1 2Wb*-R*d

- ' E

.1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J

N 0 1 2 l(1e0s Sa tbaea

FIgwre 6-1 -Proposed 33-kV Tmnsmlsson Lhie Routes'

Asas

09/26/98 - 63 - 9837549B/R1

Table 6-1. Transmission Line Route and Description of Physical Conditions AlongROW

AdverseImpacts

Route Description Yes No Mitigating Measures1 ROW along Saada Road and NE X Utilizing existing

perimeter road to NE substation. Little highway andpopulation along ROW. transmission ROWs for

the anticipated routing.

2 Sparsely populated along entire ROW. X Utilizing existingAirport Road andtransmission ROWs.

3 ROW follows NW perimeter road, then X Utilizing existingover undeveloped, government land. highway and

transmission ROWs.4 ROW through rugged mountains. No X Route follows the

population and sparse vegetation. existing 132 kV ROWthrough mountains toSW substation.

-*

L-

_.; . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-^ ... l

Figure 6-2Example of Existing 33-Wa Transmission Line Right-of-Way(existing line to right of roadway; new line to left of roadway) .ssolds

republic of yemen · 1/14/2000 · 5. asser substation 5a. sana'a 33 kv configuration (golder...

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