Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The land of extremesThe land of extremes

Facts about Yakutia:Facts about Yakutia:

Geographical situationGeographical situationThe Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) occupies most of the The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) occupies most of the Northeastern part of the Asian continent. It extends 2000 Northeastern part of the Asian continent. It extends 2000 kilometers from north to south and 2500 kilometers from kilometers from north to south and 2500 kilometers from east to west. It occupies an area of 3 103 200 square east to west. It occupies an area of 3 103 200 square kilometers forming 1/5 of the territory of Russia. The kilometers forming 1/5 of the territory of Russia. The territory of Yakutia is larger then the territories of France, territory of Yakutia is larger then the territories of France, Austria, Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK, Finland, and Greece Austria, Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK, Finland, and Greece put together. put together. The Novosibirskie Ostrova and some other Arctic islands are The Novosibirskie Ostrova and some other Arctic islands are part of the territory of the Republic. part of the territory of the Republic. More then 40 per cent More then 40 per cent of the territory is above the Arctic Circle. There are three of the territory is above the Arctic Circle. There are three time zones - six, seven, and eight hours ahead of Moscow. time zones - six, seven, and eight hours ahead of Moscow. The capital of the Republic - Yakutsk - is 6875 kilometers The capital of the Republic - Yakutsk - is 6875 kilometers from Moscow and 1814 kilometers from Vladivostok. The from Moscow and 1814 kilometers from Vladivostok. The difference between Yakutsk and Greenwich time is 8 hours. difference between Yakutsk and Greenwich time is 8 hours. 

ClimateClimate

Yakutia is rich in natural contrasts. The climate is sharply Yakutia is rich in natural contrasts. The climate is sharply continental with a range in temperature of 100(C from +40(C in continental with a range in temperature of 100(C from +40(C in the summer to -60(C in the winter. The Pole of Cold (the absolute the summer to -60(C in the winter. The Pole of Cold (the absolute coldest point of the Northern Hemisphere) is situated in coldest point of the Northern Hemisphere) is situated in Oimyakonsky uluss where a record negative temperature of -Oimyakonsky uluss where a record negative temperature of -71.2(C was recorded in 1926. Winter in Yakutia is continuously 71.2(C was recorded in 1926. Winter in Yakutia is continuously cold but with little snow accumulation, while the summer is short cold but with little snow accumulation, while the summer is short and dry with high temperatures prevailing through most of the and dry with high temperatures prevailing through most of the territory during this time. Also the Air is fresh and clean.territory during this time. Also the Air is fresh and clean.During winter, the low altitude of the Sun determines a short day During winter, the low altitude of the Sun determines a short day over most of the territory of Yakutia. The Polar Nights begin on the over most of the territory of Yakutia. The Polar Nights begin on the territory which is above the Arctic Circle. The Sun seems to forget territory which is above the Arctic Circle. The Sun seems to forget about that area. Darkness and twilight take charge for several about that area. Darkness and twilight take charge for several months. Some nights are lit up by the Aurora Borealis, the natural months. Some nights are lit up by the Aurora Borealis, the natural phenomenon that can only be observed along the latitudes phenomenon that can only be observed along the latitudes occupied by this territory. Due to the comparatively high altitude occupied by this territory. Due to the comparatively high altitude of the Sun, and the dryness and clarity of the air, summers are of the Sun, and the dryness and clarity of the air, summers are mostly sunny; the Polar Days begin. A day can last up to 20 hours mostly sunny; the Polar Days begin. A day can last up to 20 hours along the latitude of Yakutsk, while farther North, the Sun never along the latitude of Yakutsk, while farther North, the Sun never drops below the horizon drops below the horizon

EconomyEconomy

Natural resourcesNatural resourcesYakutia is truly a treasury of natural resources. Diamond deposits Yakutia is truly a treasury of natural resources. Diamond deposits in West Yakutia as well as gold deposits in the basins of Aldan, in West Yakutia as well as gold deposits in the basins of Aldan, Indigirka, and Yana, are all well known. The Republic has large Indigirka, and Yana, are all well known. The Republic has large reserves of tin, wolfram, mercury, complex and iron ores, reserves of tin, wolfram, mercury, complex and iron ores, bituminous and brown coals, natural gas and oil. Yakutia is also bituminous and brown coals, natural gas and oil. Yakutia is also famous for construction materials and salubrious mineral waters. famous for construction materials and salubrious mineral waters. 

IndustryIndustryThe most important industry is mining. The diamond, gold and tin The most important industry is mining. The diamond, gold and tin ore mining industries are the major ones. 99 per cent of all ore mining industries are the major ones. 99 per cent of all Russian diamonds are mined in Yakutia. The Republic develops its Russian diamonds are mined in Yakutia. The Republic develops its diamond processing industry along with the oil and gas diamond processing industry along with the oil and gas processing complex. Jewelry is another traditional branch of the processing complex. Jewelry is another traditional branch of the economy. Along with diamonds, coal has a very high export value. economy. Along with diamonds, coal has a very high export value. Coal is exported to the different regions of Russia and to the Coal is exported to the different regions of Russia and to the Asian-Pacific countries. Timber production and processing is also Asian-Pacific countries. Timber production and processing is also highly developed. highly developed. 

Spiritual BeliefSpiritual Belief

Sakha initially are pagansSakha initially are pagans

But in 18-th century have But in 18-th century have been Christianized, been Christianized, obtained Orthodox obtained Orthodox ChristianityChristianity

Still practice shamanismStill practice shamanism

Sakha OriginSakha Origin

Sakha (eski sakha)Sakha (eski sakha)

nomads (turkic tribe)nomads (turkic tribe)

who appeared in Siberia who appeared in Siberia in 10-th centuryin 10-th century

Today population of Today population of Yakutia (Sakha) Yakutia (Sakha) represents multiethnic represents multiethnic community of different community of different believesbelieves

Early HistoryEarly History

The Sakha arrived relatively recently in 13th century to their current The Sakha arrived relatively recently in 13th century to their current geographical area from Central Asia. They are heterogeneous of geographical area from Central Asia. They are heterogeneous of TurkicTurkic and and MongolianMongolian origin. They conquered the indigionous origin. They conquered the indigionous hunter-gathererhunter-gatherer tribes tribes and began to call themselves "Sakha", after and began to call themselves "Sakha", after SakhastanSakhastan, an historic , an historic nation-statenation-state in in PersiaPersia. "Sakha" may be cognate with Saxe, Saki, . "Sakha" may be cognate with Saxe, Saki, ScythianScythian, , etc., historic tribes that were famous and dominant in Central Asia. The etc., historic tribes that were famous and dominant in Central Asia. The EvenkiEvenki referred to the Sakha as "Yako" and this term was adopted by the referred to the Sakha as "Yako" and this term was adopted by the RussiansRussians when they began arriving in the region in the early 17th century. when they began arriving in the region in the early 17th century. Tygyn, a king of the Khangalassky Yakuts, granted territory for Russian Tygyn, a king of the Khangalassky Yakuts, granted territory for Russian settlement in return for military pact that included war against indigenous settlement in return for military pact that included war against indigenous rebels of all North Eastern Asia (Magadan, Chukotka, Kamchatka and rebels of all North Eastern Asia (Magadan, Chukotka, Kamchatka and Sakhalin). King of Mengeler-Khangalastar Yakuts, Kull began a Sakha Sakhalin). King of Mengeler-Khangalastar Yakuts, Kull began a Sakha conspiracy by allowing his relative Tygyn to enter into tricky pact with conspiracy by allowing his relative Tygyn to enter into tricky pact with Russians in plan to conquer all of North Eastern Asia in centuries to come. Russians in plan to conquer all of North Eastern Asia in centuries to come. The Lensky Ostrog (Fort Lensky), the future city of Yakutsk, was founded The Lensky Ostrog (Fort Lensky), the future city of Yakutsk, was founded by Pyotr Beketov, a Cossack, on September 25, 1632 (the date of the first by Pyotr Beketov, a Cossack, on September 25, 1632 (the date of the first stockade construction). In August of 1638, the Moscow Government formed stockade construction). In August of 1638, the Moscow Government formed a new administrative unit with the administrative center of Lensky Ostrog, a new administrative unit with the administrative center of Lensky Ostrog, which cemented the town's ascendancy in the territory.which cemented the town's ascendancy in the territory.

Late HistoryLate History

Place of exhile and repressionPlace of exhile and repression

1920-s shaman hunting (witchhunting)1920-s shaman hunting (witchhunting)Shaman’s house were burnt, and shamans Shaman’s house were burnt, and shamans

were sent to prisonwere sent to prison

1970-80-s wave of national self-1970-80-s wave of national self-consciousness, the trial over students for consciousness, the trial over students for “nationalism”“nationalism”

History History

Chernyshevsky’s Chernyshevsky’s househouse

Places of InterestPlaces of Interest