Reproductive Systems

and Pregnancy

Seminal vesicles

Bladder

Vas deferens

penis

urethra

Testicles (or testes)

scrotum

Prostate glandCowper’s gland

anus

epididymis

ovary Fallopian tubes

bladder

clitoris

urethralabia

anus

vagina

cervix

uterus

menstrual cycle

Terms to Know• Menstrual Cycle

– A monthly series of hormone controlled changes that prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy

• Menstruation– Breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining

out of the vagina

• Ovulation– Release of an egg

from a follicle in the ovary

Hormones• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) &

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – The hormones that cause the maturation

and release of an egg

• Estrogen – Levels increase to cause uterine lining to

thicken. Lining nourishes and supports the growing human during pregnancy

• Progesterone– Further thicken and maintain uterine lining

following ovulation

Male Reproductive System

Terms to Know

• Testosterone– Male hormone that influences sperm

production

• Ejaculation– When sperm is released from the penis

Seminal Fluid

Gland Approximate % Description

Testes 2-5% Approx. 200-500 mill. Sperm

Seminal Vesicle 65-75% Releases fluids that provides nourishment and protection

Prostate 25-30% Releases fluids that provides protection

Bulb urethral Gland(Cowper’s Gland)

<1% Releases fluids that increase the mobility Contributes to the cohesive jelly-like texture of semen

PregnancyTerms to Know

• Zygote – genetic material of the egg and sperm

combine to form one cell (fertilization)

• Embryo – first 8 weeks

• Implantation– Embryo is embedded in the uterine wall

• Fetus – 9the week and after

1st Trimester – The baby's heart has begun to beat! (week 6)– The spinal column, brain, heart, spleen, kidneys and

liver have all developed– Arms develop into hands, fingers, and finger nails form– The baby's face

is develops (nose,

eyes, eyelids, ears,

and teeth)– Gonads have

formed

2nd Trimester• Baby’s face is more defined, including eye lashes

and eyebrows and facial muscle can move• Reflexes are operating• Baby can hear, has a

sense of smell and taste

buds are operating• Bowl movement can occur• Baby can see and experiences rapid eye

movement while sleeping

3rd Trimester• The baby’s skin is fully developed• The baby has developed it’s hair color and eyelashes • The baby's bone marrow has now taken over production of

red blood cells.• It is possible for the baby

to cry real tears, even within

the womb.• The lungs are the last

organs to reach maturity, but

they should be ready to

go now.

Complications and Pregnancy

• Miscarriage– Death of fetus from natural complications before

the 20th week

• Still Birth– A stillbirth is defined as the death of a fetus after

the 20th week of pregnancy up to birth.

• Premature Birth– Early birth due to abnormal uterus, bleeding

behind placenta, STI, multiple pregnancy, or other causes

Complications and Pregnancy• Gestational Diabetes

– Mother gets diabetes during the pregnancy

• Rh incompatibility – A condition in which mother’s immune system reacts

against the fetus’s blood due to an incompatibility in blood cell type

• Toxemia– toxemia is characterized by sudden elevated blood

pressure and the presence of excess protein in the urine (common in pregnant teens) If untreated can lead to death

Complications and Pregnancy

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome– Set of birth defects that

affect a fetus that has been

exposed to alcohol during

pregnancy

Complications and Pregnancy

• Effects of Smoking – Premature birth– Low birth weight– Miscarriage– Developmental

Issues

– SIDS

Complications and Pregnancy

• Effects of Drug use– Low Birth Weight– Premature Birth– Developmental

Problems– SIDS

• Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome– Baby goes through withdrawal symptoms