Reproductive system

<Female gonad>

1. Consist of one or two ovaries2. Ovary 1) Germinal zone (cell division region) 2) Growth zone (cell growth region)3. Oviduct – connect ovary and uterus4. Spermatotheca – sperm storage5. Uterus – room for fully formed egg6. Vagina – short muscular line7. Vulva – a ventral opening

Reproductive system

<Male gonad>

1. Consist of one or two testis2. Testis 1) Germinal zone (cell division region) 2) Growth zone (cell growth region)3. Seminal vesicle – accumulation of sperm4. Vas deference – a conducting tube5. Spicules – generally two6. Gubernaculum – accessory piece7. Causal alae (bursa) – cuticular extention

Terminology

♦ “gon”- from Greek meaning seed, generation, offspring♦ Gonad – ovary or testis♦ “delphic” – from the Greek meaning uterus♦ Monodelphic – one uterus♦ Didelphic – two uterus♦ Prodelphic – uterus extending anteriorly from vulva♦ Opisthodelphic – 2 uteri opposed(1 anterior, 1 posterior)♦ Reflexed – gonad bent back on itself♦ Outstretched – not bent back on itself

Concepts

1. Number of gonad 1 gonad - Monodelphic 2 gonad – Didelphic 2. Orientation of gonad Anterior = Prodelphic Posterior = Opisthodelphic Paired in opposite direction = Amphidelphic

Concepts

1. Number of gonad 1 gonad - Monorchic 2 gonad – Diorchic 2. Orientation of gonad Anterior = Outstreched Paired in opposite direction = Opposed reflexed

Nervous system

1. Consist of nerve ring, ganglia, ventral, dorsal, and lateral nerves2. Nerve ring is located at isthmus, encircle it3. Nerves directed anteriorly and posteriorly from nerve ring4. Anteriorly, six nerve trunks extend to the cephalic sensory organs (papillae, setae) and two amphidial nerves also extend to amphids 5. Posteriorly, ventral , dorsal, and lateral chord extend to organs in that region

Nematode disease symptoms & signs of nematodes

1) Above ground symptoms a) Stunted growth b) Chlorosis and necrosis c) Incipient wilting d) Reduced plant stand e) Lesions on leaves, malformed floral parts, seed, leaves and stems

Nematode disease symptoms & signs of nematodes

2) Below ground symptoms a) Stunted or abbreviated roots b) Galls c) Lesions d) Rotted e) Abbreviations of tubers f) Hairy roots

Nematode disease symptoms & signs of nematodes

3) Signs of nematodes a) Cyst forms b) Egg masses c) Female nematodes in

roots

Anguina tritici in wheat

Aphelenchoides

Nematode in Corn, chlorosis and stunt

Turf-nematode, chlorosis

Pratylenchus in American boxwood (chlorosis, stunt)

Soybean cyst nematode – chlorosis, stunt