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KesehatanReproduksi

dan

Angka KematianIbu

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Angka Kematian Ibu

• WHO : kematian maternal adalahkematian seorang wanita saat masahamil atau dalam 42 hari setelahterminasi kehamilan, terlepas daridurasi dan lokasi kehamilan, darisetiap penyebab yang berhubungan

dengan atau diperburuk olehkehamilan atau pengelolaannya,tetapi bukan dari sebabsebab

kebetulan atau insidental

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!"#$AH%&%A#

• Angka kematian maternal di seluruhdunia  4'' per ('')''' kelahiranhidup

• *+ ter-adi di negaranegaraberkembang

• $apat ter-adi:

().ebelum atau setelah prosespersalinan

2).etelah mengalami abortusspontan atau buatanmber : World Health Organi0ation) 1aternal 1ortality a3tsheet #o) /4+ 1ay 2'

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Kematian Ibu

•  he result o5 a 3ompli3ation o5 thepregnan3y, deli6ery, ormanagement o5 the two

• !erdarahan, eklampsia,preeklampsia, in5eksi

$ire3t

• A pregnan3y related death in apatient with a pree7isting or newly

de6eloped health problemunrelated to pregnan3y

• 1alaria, anemia, $8$, peyakit -antung

Indire3t

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• &aporan WHO 2'(/  AKI se3ara globaldiperkirakan 2+*,'''  penurunan 49

dari tahun (**'• 11R nya 2(' per ('',''' kelahiran hidup (**' /+' per ('',''' kelahiran hidup

•  ertinggi .ierra &eone (,('';, <had *+';,Republik A5rika engah ++';, .omalia+9';, 8urundi =4';

•  erendah 8elarusia (;, Israel 2;, !olandia

/;, #orwegia Italia Islandia inlandiaAustria 4;, 8ulgaria >unani Republik <eko$enmark 9;

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AKI di Indonesia

• .aat ini, ada 2 3ara perhitungan AKIdi Indonesia: .$KI dan .ensus!enduduk

• Hasil perhitungan kedua databerbeda

• .$KI /9*?('',''' kelahiran hidup

• .ensus penduduk 29*?kelahiranhidup

• Kedua angka tersebut masih -auhdari target 1$@s 2'(9

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!erbandingan AKI .ensus dengan

.$KI

('2

/'

29*

.$KI .! 1$@s

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Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia

.$KI (**(2'(2;

0

100

200

300

400

500

390

334

307

228

359

MMR/100.000 LH

Website : www)litbang)depkes)go)

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• 8erdasarkan &itbang $epkes:

() !erhitungan .$KI tidak akurat,

menggunakan teknik samplingsur6ey  tahun 2'(/ angkakematian ibu *2 dengan <on6iden3e

Inter6al 2/* sampai 4=+?('',''' KH dirata2 mun3ul /9* KH

2) .ensus: lebih presisi, angka berasaldari +''' kematian maternal)

 ertinggi di !apua 2'?(''rb KH

/) Kedua data tersebut masih -auh daritarget yang diharapkan oleh 1$@s

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• 8erdasarkan data dari litbang depkes  

penyebab tertinggi kematian ibu langsung• !enyebab tertinggi adalah hipertensi

•  etapi data lainnya  perdarahan sebagaipenyebab kematian ibu tertinggi

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Source: The World Health Report 2005. Making every mother and child count.

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.umber : US!" #rom the merican $eople. Maternal and %hild Health We&'ite. 

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•  Bumlah kematian ibu terbanyak padausia C 2' tahun dan D /9 tahun

• aktor E/ terlambatF dan E4 terlaluFberperan besar

• / terlambat: terlambat mengenalitanda bahaya kehamilan resikotinggi, terlambat men3apai 5askesutk persalinan, terlambat

mendapatkan pelayanan• 4 terlalu: terlalu muda, terlalu tua,

terlalu sering melahirkan, kehamilan

terlalu rapat

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<ontra3eption and mdgs 2'(9

 arget (: 1emberantaskemiskinan dan kelaparan• !engaturan -umlah anggota

keluarga

 arget /: Kesetaraan gender• !erempuan memiliki hak untukmengatur 5ertilitas masingmasingmelalui pemilihan kontrasepsi)

 arget 4: 1engurangikematian anak• !eren3anaan keluarga  anak lebihdiberi perhatian

 arget 9: 1eningkatkankesehatan ibu• Risiko morbiditas dan mortalitasmeningkat seiring dengan

bertambahnya kehamilan

 arget =: Kelestarianlingkungan• &ingkungan yang tidak padatpenduduk akan lebih ter-aga

kelestariannya

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%paya 1enurunkan AKI

•  arget AKI 2'(9  ('2 ? (''rbkelahiran hidup

• Harus disertai dengan pen3apaiankomponen lain: persalinan olehtenaga kesehatan, tingkatpemakaian kontrasepsi, 3akupan

pelayanan antenatal, unmeet needK8

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Ren3ana Aksi #asional !er3epatan

!enurunan AKI

• !en-aminan kompetensi bidan desa sesuai standar

• !en-aminan ketersediaan pelayanan 5askes utk persalinan24?= sesuai standar

• !en-aminan seluruh R. kabupaten?kota mampu !O#"K

24?= sesuai standar• !en-aminan terlaksananya ru-ukan e5ekti5 pada kasus

komplikasi

• !en-aminan dukungan pemerintah daerah untukmendukung program tsb

• !eningkatan kemitraan lintas sektor dan swasta• !eningkatan pemahaman dan pelaksanaan program

peren3anaan persalinan dan pen3egahan komplikasi !4K;di masyarakat

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Kesehatan Reproduksi

A state o5 physi3al, mental,and so3ial wellbeing in all

matters relating to thereprodu3ti6e system, at all

stages o5 li5e

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(2 !illars o5 Reprodu3ti6eHealth

•  he status o5 women

• amily planning

• 1aternal 3are and sa5e motherhood

• Abortion

• Reprodu3ti6e tra3t in5e3tions and HIG?AI$s• In5ertility

• Reprodu3ti6e tra3t malignan3ies

• #utrition

• In5ant and 3hild health• Adoles3ent reprodu3ti6e health and se7uality

• .e7ual beha6iour and harm5ul se7ual pra3ti3es

• "n6ironmental and o33upational reprodu3t) health

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Kesehatan Reproduksi

• Kesehatan reproduksi merupakansalah satu indikator penting dalamperkembangan manusia

• 1enggambarkan perkembangan masake3il, rema-a dan dewasa terutamauntuk perempuan

• Ada tiga komponen kesehatanreproduksi: kemampuan, keamanan,dan keberhasilan

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