reproductions supplied by edrs are the best that can be ... by moving items from a sticker gallery...
TRANSCRIPT
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 456 579 EC 308 563
AUTHOR Fuchs, Lynn S.TITLE Monitoring Authentic Problem Solving: MAPS for Enhancing
Outcomes for Students with Disabilities. Final Report.INSTITUTION Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN.SPONS AGENCY Special Education Programs (ED/OSERS), Washington, DC.PUB DATE 2001-00-00NOTE 85p.
CONTRACT H180T70007PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Adaptive Testing; Alternative Assessment; *Computer
Assisted Testing; Computer Software; *Disabilities;Elementary Education; Evaluation Methods; MultimediaMaterials; *Performance Based Assessment; *Problem Solving;Program Design; Student Evaluation
ABSTRACTThis final report describes the outcomes of Project MAPS
(Monitoring Authentic Problem Solving), a project that developed multimediacomputer-managed assessment environments to overcome the barriers educatorsface in using problem-solving performance assessment (PSPA) with studentswith disabilities. MAPS software was developed for 6 alternate performanceassessments at each grade: grades 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, for a total of 30multimedia performance assessments. The multimedia presentation includes CD,options for reviewing selected parts of the CD, options for selecting partsof the text view, and options for selecting parts of the text for thecomputer to read/reread aloud. Students represent their responses on thecomputer by moving items from a sticker gallery or by typing in answers. Theinteractive scoring system automatically scores the student's responses. Astudy in which 40 students with disabilities and 40 comparable, same-agestudents completed performance assessments with and without the MAPSmultimedia system, found the MAPS system could provide support for studentsto show what they know on complex performance assessments. Also, resultsshowed that students could be trained in the use of the software in largegroup sessions lasting no more than 45 minutes. Appendices include samplescreens from the MAPS multimedia system. (CR)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
FINAL REPORT
MONITORING AUTHENTIC PROBLEM SOLVING:MAPS FOR ENHANCING OUTCOMESFOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Grant #H180T70007
Lynn S. FuchsBox 328 Peabody
Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN 37203
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOffice of Educational Research and Improvement
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)
Eloothis document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizationoriginating it.
O Minor changes have been made toimprove reproduction quality.
Points of view or opinions stated in thisdocument do not necessarily representofficial OERI position cr policy.
2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE
FINAL REPORT
MONITORING AUTHENTIC PROBLEM SOLVING:
MAPS FOR ENHANCING OUTCOMES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Grant #H180T70007
PURPOSE AND CONTEXT
The national education reform movement seeks to enhance student performance on real-world
problem-solving (PS) tasks, rather than on isolated skills. This shift has prompted leaders to reject
well established assessment models because of decontextualized testing formats. Instead, leaders
have called for a new assessment model, known as problem-solving performance assessment
(PSPA), which requires students to solve authentic problems by applying multiple skills and
strategies to real-life situations. This PSPA movement has gained tremendous momentum; over 40
states have incorporated PSPAs into high-stakes accountability programs.
For students with disabilities (SWD), who typically have poorly developed strategies for applying
skills and who increasingly are expected to participate in state accountability programs, this PSPA
movement, along with its goal of redirecting instruction to facilitate skill application and
generalization to naturalistic contexts, is critical. Teachers, therefore, need feasible classroom-based
PSPAs with which to routinely track improvement in PS capacity and to use that assessment
information to plan better programs.
Unfortunately, barriers currently prevent teachers from having PSPAs that feasibly and accurately
3
index PS capacity among SWD and facilitate better PS instructional planning for SWD. For
example, available PSPAs rely on text-based presentation and response formats, spuriously
lowering estimates of PS capacity for SWD (who have reading and writing deficits). PSPAs are
time consuming for teachers to score and interpret, limiting their usefulness in schools. Teachers
have difficulty connecting PSPA information with productive teaching methods for improving PS
performance. And, PSPAs do not provide parallel forms for tracking PS improvement over time or
for providing SWD with routine opportunities for practice.
The purpose of "Monitoring Authentic Problem Solving: MAPS for Enhancing Outcomes for
Students with Disabilities," therefore, was to develop multimedia computer-managed assessment
environments to overcome these barriers. These systems comprise multimedia presentations of
problem situations and interactive dialogues whereby PS performance automatically is scored,
interpreted, and matched to instructional recommendations.
4
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
In implementing Project MAPS, the following series of actions were accomplished:
We recruited and secured unidentified staff.
Project staff attended weekly staff meetings, at which project activities, timelines, and
accomplishments were discussed.
We held quarterly focus group meetings where we reviewed MAPS plans and received input from
key stakeholders about plans and activities.
We identified teacher and student field testers and obtained informed consent.
We conducted teacher workshops to prepare teachers for field-testing activities. Teachers field-
tested software and provided interative feedback.
We scripted and filmed video presentations of the PS situations and developed procedures for
merging the video with multimedia presentation of the problem. We pressed the videos into CDs.
We developed a platform by which to collect student responses so that automatic computerized
scoring could occur.
We developed a scoring system, by which every aspect of performance on every performance
assessment received credit. We assessed the reliability of the scoring system and its validity against
the global scoring rubric, which provided the basis for the scoring system. We programmed the
computer to automatically complete the scoring.
We field tested each component of the multimedia system separately and in combination.
We conducted a large-scale study in which 40 students with disabilities and 40 comparable, same-
age students completed performance assessments with and without the MAPS multimedia system
in a cross-over, counterbalanced design. Results showed how the MAPS system could provide
5
support for students to show what they know on complex performance assessments. Also, results
showed that students could be trained in the use of the software in large group sessions lasting no
more than 45 minutes.
The multimedia MAPS systems does the following:
MAPS software was developed for 6 alternate performance assessments at each grade:
grades 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, for a total of 30 multimedia performance assessments.
The multimedia presentation includes CD, options for reviewing selected parts of the CD,
options for selecting parts of the text view (on screen), and options for selecting parts of the
text for the computer to read/reread aloud.
Students represent their responses on the computer by moving items (words, numbers,
operation signs, etc.) from a sticker gallery or by typing in answers.
The interactive scoring scoring system automatically scores the student's responses. It relies
on elaborate frameworks for awarding credit for each aspect of the response for each
question on each PA. Scores are provided for each assessment in terms of conceptual
underpinning, computational applications, problem-solving strategies, and communicative
value. In addition, the computer tracks progress on finer-level skills, which the teacher can
use to inform her instructional planning.
For student feedback, MAPS uses a video-game format, whereby the student accesses, at
any time, the current score total. The computer also provides "tips," which direct the student
about how he can improve his response and his score.
The teacher report sununarizes salient dimensions of student performance at one point in
time and over the course of time, in graphic and descriptive format. The report distinguishes
between data representing first-time assessments (real assessment scores) and repeat
administrations (i.e., practice) PA scores.
See Appendix for sample screens for the MAPS system.
CONCLUSIONS
. A multimedia system can be designed to overcome barriers that (a) typically prevent teachers
from having PSPAs that feasibly and accurately index PS capacity among SWD and (b)
facilitate PS instructional planning for SWD.
2. Whereas available PSPAs rely on text-based presentation and response fonnats, which
spuriously lower estimates of PS capacity for SWD (who have reading and writing deficits),
MAPS avoids reliance on these input and output modes.
3. Although PSPAs typically are time consuming for teachers to score and interpret, limiting their
usefulness in schools, MAPS provides automatic scoring.
4. Whereas teachers typically have difficulty connecting PSPA information with productive
teaching methods for improving PS performance, MAPS structures teacher feedback in a
manner that helps teachers connect complex assessment with instruction.
5. Although students typically have to wait long time periods to obtain feedback on their
performance and despite that feedback often is not useful to students for improving their
performance, MAPS provides immediate and instructive feedback directly to students so that
7
they may identify strategies for improving their own performance.
6. Finally, most PSPAs do not provide parallel forms for tracking PS improvement over time or
for providing SWD with routine opportunities for practice. MAPS provides teachers with
parailel forms of PAs within each igade at grades 2-6.
APPENDICES
See attached sample screens from the MAPS multimedia system.
9
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11:3
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1 1
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I1M
Aus
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[-P
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each
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Rec
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1:
Rec
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figur
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see
ques
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for
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give
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s th
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IG
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Qui
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