reproduction - grade 9 math · e- adaptations that promote reproduction mid-unit test f- human...
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Reproduction
Grade 9 Science
Unit 1
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What will I learn in this Unit?Reproduction is an essential biological mechanism for the continuity and diversity of species. In this cluster, you will:• compare sexual and asexual methods of reproduction• learn how the human reproduction system functions• describe the major stages of human development from
conception to birth• recognize that the nucleus of a cell contains genetic information and is
responsible for the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
• analyze single trait inheritance in humans• discuss factors that may change a cell's genetic information, including
environmental factors• address a current biotechnology issue using the knowledge they have
gained
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Reproduction
A- Mitosis
B- Asexual Reproduction
C- Meiosis
D- Comparing Meiosis and Mitosis
E- Adaptations that Promote Reproduction
MID-UNIT TEST
F- Human Reproduction
G- Understanding Fetal Development
H- Dominant and Recessive Traits
FINAL UNIT TEST
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A: Mitosis
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When you hear the word reproduction, "cells" will probably come to mind!Let's take a quick look at the HISTORY of some Cell Theory. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): invention of the microscope.Robert Hooke (1635-1705): Micrographia, shows illustrations of once-living matter (tree bark lining) as observed with a compound (two-lense microscope). Magnifications reveals empty room-like compartments called CELLS. Duiardin (1835): examines living cells and the inside of living structure and names it cytoplasm.Schleiden (1835): concluded that all plants are made of cells.Schwann (1839): concluded that all animals are made of cells.
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Statements of the CELL THEORY• All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all
organisms.• All cells come from previously existing cells.• The activity of an entire organism depends on the total activity of its independent cells.
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Read pages 6-11 SCIENCE POWER 9 and complete the following
sentences in your notes.
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1. A microscope with two lenses is called a COMPOUND MICROSCOPE.
2. According to the CELL THEORY all living organisms are composed of one or more cell, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms, all cell come from perviously existing cells.
3. Hooke was the first to use the terms cells when he observed EMPTY ROOM LIKE COMPARTMENTS.
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4. Before discovering that cells CAME FROM pre-existing cells, it was believed that living organisms could be derived from non-living matter.
5. LOUIS PASTEUR disproves spontaneous generation and concludes that all living organisms do not arise from NON-LIVING MATTER.
6. RUDOLPH VIRCHOW (1821-1902) concluded that where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell.
7. The first compound microsscope was invented by DUTCH EYEGLASS MAKERS SUCH AS ZACHARARIAS JANSSEN.
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8. THEODORE SCHWANN (1810-1882) arrived at the conclusion that all animals are composed of cells.
9. Robert Brown is the first to consider the NUCLEUS as a regular part of a living cell.
10.Anton van Leeuwenhoek reposts living BEASTIES and observed them to be as small as 0.002 mm.
11. With the work of SWEDISH BIOLOGIST CAROLUS LINNAEUS Biology begins to focus on discovering, naming, and classifying new species from all over the world.
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12.Cellular theory was first announced by SCHWANN, SCHLEIDEN, and VIRCHOW during the 1850's.
13.William Henry Perkin,, an English chemistry student develops an intense new PURPLE DYE which allows new techniques for staining slide specimens for study under microscopes.
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The Cell
There are two main types of cells, which are distinguished by whether or not they contain a nucleus.
Nucleus: is a membrane-bound structure that performs a specific function.
Type 1: Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes are unicellular organisms that do not have a nucleus. For example, members of the kingdom MONERA , are unicellular organisms that do not contain a true nucleus. Using a process called binary fission, the parent cell divides so that each new cell contains a single chromosome carrying a complete set of DNA identical to parent. An example of this is bacteria. They do not have a nucleus.
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Type 2: Prokaryotes
The Prokaryotes have a nucleus and othe membrane-bound organelles. They have a nucleus.
Bacteria (prokaryote cell)
Prokaryote cell VS Eukaryote cell
no true nucleus
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Animal Cell
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Here are the organelles, which we will discuss. Try making some quick notes as to what they look like. Do not focus on colour.
Centriole - Nucleus -
Lysosome - Nucleolus -
Ribosome - Mitochondria -
Cell Membrane - Cytoplasm -
Endoplasmic GolgiReticulum - Apparatus -