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REPRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE NOTES Plants

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Plant Reproduction Reproduction is how organisms make new individuals of the same kind. Plants (and many other organisms) can reproduce asexually and sexually.

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FLOWERS Flowers on plants are the structures for sexual reproduction. Flowering plants are called Angiosperms.

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Flower Structure Petals: Brightly colored parts of a flower. Attract animal pollinators. Sepals: Leaf like parts that surround the petals. Protect the developing flower.

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Male Plant Structure Stamen: Male reproductive part. Consists of an anther at the tip of a filament. Pollen: Male reproductive cell in plants (sperm).

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Male Plant Structure Anther: structure that produces pollen Filament: Thin stalk topped by an anther.

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Female Plant Structure Pistil: The female reproductive organ in the flower. Consists of an ovary, style and stigma. Stigma: Tip of the pistil where pollen collects. Style: The long tube of the pistil that transfers pollen from the stigma to the ovary.

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Female Plant Structure Ovary: Lower part of the pistil that produces eggs inside ovules. After fertilization, it will then develop into the fruit on a plant. Ovule: Each ovule contains an egg. This will develop into a seed.

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Flower anatomy

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Pollination The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to a female reproductive structure. Moved from one flower to another by animals or wind

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Fertilization In the anther (male), pollen grains are produced. The pollen are trapped on the stigma (female). The pollen (sperm), travels down a pollen tube to the ovary.

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Fertilization

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Inside the ovary, the sperm enters the ovule which contains an egg. The sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg develops into a seed. The structure of a seed contains a tiny plant embryo.

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Seed Dispersal Seed are spread in many ways. Wind blown Attached to animals or passed through an animals digestive tract Carried by water Ejected from seed pod

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Germination The seed absorbs water and prepares to sprout. The tiny embryo sprouts from the seed and continues to grow. Roots grow, followed by stems and leaves