reporting larch - angkor [p2]

8/8/2019 Reporting LARCH - Angkor [P2]

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a once glorious, yet lost, cultural,national and ethnic heritage .


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Background

Angkor Archaeological Park, Cambodia- is one of the most important archaeological

sites in Southeast Asia.- over 400 square kilometers of land- over 1000 temples surrounded by forests and

farmland to the north of the Great Lake and

south of the Kulen Hills.- Angkors most important compounds were its

temples of Angkor Wat and Thom [Bayon].


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Angkor wat


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Angkor ThomThe Bayon


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Angkor Archaeological Park


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Angkor[Sanskrit, nagara meaning city]

- had been the largest preindustrial city in the world,with an elaborate agiricultural system andinfrastructure.

- the capital of Khmer Empire [9th-13thc.]- the Khmers built thousands of temples and Buddhist

monasteries throught Thailand, Laos and Cambodia.- Population: about 1 million


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- occupies around 400 sq. k. of flat plains in NWCambodia.

- the landscape incorporates four mainelements:- tropical forest

- areas of cultivated land- a number of isolated villages- architectural legacy of angkorean period

Elements of AngkoreanLandscape


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The Ruins / Remains testify to both the scale and wealth of SE Asia's

greatest empire in history. Cultural Influences

From the early Indian traders Spirituality andreligion

Brahmanism Hinduism Buddhism


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Extensive Temple Construction Programs of thevarious Rulers- to culminate the projects of its predecessor.

-to attain more power Rice Fields Barays - While it has long been assumed that they

were used for irrigation, some historians argue that

their primary function was political or religious. Moats Causeways Open Courts


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Landscape :Agriculture andFlora

Rice Fields-Land use was based

upon the cultivation of

rice, either in dry fieldsor in wet paddies.-Rice cultivation has

influenced both the

pattern of settlementand the arrangementof the land.


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Landscape :Agriculture and Flora

Rice Fields-Fields needed to be cleared

and a system of canals, dykes,

and embankments needed tobe constructed andmaintained.

-These fields became importantworks of landscapeengineering requiringmanipulation of grades andearthworks.


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Crops- Other crops, such as coconuts, tamarind, and

sugar cane, were cultivated on shifting tracts.


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Ancient Trees the photogenic and atmospheric combination of

ancient trees growing out of the ruins and the jungle surroundings [Ta Phrom Temple]

Dominant Species: silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) or thitpok

Tetrameles nudiflora strangler fig (Ficus gibbosa). Gold Apple (Diospyros decandra)


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Landscape: Planning andDesign

Hindu Planning Influences :- the idea of the city as an ordered place;

- the plan inspired by cosmological systems;- cities divided into distinct areas or quarters- a city plan was an expression of royal power

derived form the kings association with thegods.


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The Grid Pattern- followed typical grid plan of SE Asian cities.- The city itself was laid out on a rectangular,

almost grid-like, scheme


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Walled and Moated Material: Sandstone For defensive purposes

Tree Planting andGardens lush garden-like places

with trees planted along

streets and large landareas reserved forplantations of coconutand other fruit trees.


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Type of Soil large plain of primarily alluvial soils

Weather Seasonably wet and humid

Bodies of Water Streams of Kulen Hills Tonle Sap [Great Lake] Mekong River


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Kulen HillsMekong River

TonleSap


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Barays A large rectangular pool

for storing water from

channelized rivers andcanals. provided water for

drinking, irrigation,

bathing andtransportation. were also used as fish

tanks and waterfowlponds.


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Moats-surrounded important temples or urban areas, separatingthem from the rest of the urban fabric- may have had a primarily ceremonial function [bathing].

Causeways

- a raised Sandstone paved path over the Moat forpassage


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Symbolisms and MotifsAbstracted and Symbolic landscape modeled after

the natural and cosmological landscape of Indiaand SE Asia.

Representation: The FORM of Temples

Towers- the sacred Mount Meru, home of the Gods

Galleries foothills around the mount

Channels of Water ocean and rivers


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Representation of mount meru


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Symbolisms and Motifs

Galleries surrounding the main temple represent the foothills around the mount

Channels of water between the galleries were torepresent the ocean and rivers .

Each temple compound was both an abstracted andsymbolic landscape modeled after the natural and cosmological landscape of India and Southeast Asia.


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The Galleries and Channels of water


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E n d

CONCEL 4AR5-P2 LARCH


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References

Encyclopedia Americana 2002 edition, the World BookEncyclopedia 1999 edition, the Hidden Glories (1990)by Michael Freeman & Roger Warner, CambodiaHandbook 1997 by John Colet & Joshua Eliot,Indochina: Social and Cultural Change 1994 by DavidW.P. Elliott, the World Book Encyclopedia 1999 edition,Wikipedia Media Encyclopedia.

Offical Cambodia Tourism Board Passage Through Angkor by Mark Standen Landscapes in the Living Memory Angkor: Cambodia


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Copyrights

Dictionary . The American Heritage Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage, Fourth Edition Copyright 2007, 2000by Houghton Mifflin Company . Updated in 2007. Publishedby Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia . Britannica ConciseEncyclopedia. 1994-2010Encyclopdia Britannica,Inc. All rights reserved.

Asian Mythology . A Dictionary of Asian Mythology. Copyright 2001, 2002 by David Leeming. All rights reserved.

Columbia Encyclopedia . The Columbia ElectronicEncyclopedia, Sixth EditionCopyright 2010, ColumbiaUniversity Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press.All rights reserved.

reporting larch - angkor [p2]

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