report writing. report writing----involves a process which produces a written document raises...
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Report Writing
• Report Writing----Involves a Process which Produces a Written Document
• Raises Questions: How To Write?
• No Fixed Answer: General Suggestions
Theory VS Practice
• Theory VS Practice---General Debate
• Both Are Inter-Related
• How to Write? Learn By Writing---Cannot Avoid
• How To Write? Some Suggestions, Tips, Right Steps
• Helpful---Efficiency in Academic Research
Research Proposal
• Writing Begins with Research Proposal
• Critical---Brings Clarity in Ideas, Issues,
Scope and Organization of Study
• Writing Report: About Central Ideas, Issues, Areas of Concern
• Discussion of RP: Sort out Practical Issues
Objective
• Examples: • The objective of this study is to explain the fall
of ethno-national movements in Pakistan
• The purpose of this paper is to study the role of the state in economic development in South Asia in the post-cold war period
• Other Terms: Problem Definition, Problem Statement
Significance
• Why to Study This Issue: Make A Claim
• Theoretical Significance
• Practical Significance
Definitional IssuesPart of Research Report
• Theme: Broad Idea, Broad Area under Discussion, Subject Matter of Conversation
• Theme of A Conference: Stability in South Asia
• Rise of Terrorist Movements in South Asia
• Political Stability and Foreign Investment in Pakistan
• Theme of Book: Clash of Civilization
Definitional Issues
• Central Thesis?
• Example: Stability (or other public goods such as peace, open seas, international trade, etc.) is provided by hegemons because they benefit most from it.
• Thesis: Idea, Hypothesis, Argument, Main Point
• Argument: Not only hypothesis, idea but also elaboration of mechanisms through which this occurs
Thesis
• Example: The globalization is so powerful that it is changing local culture in developing countries
• The attack on video shops in Pakistan is an expression of the resistance of the local culture against the global culture.
• Ideas, Hypotheses, Concepts, Phenomena
Thesis Statement
1. A Short Statement of the Thesis---One or Two Sentences
2. A Statement Which Presents Brief Argument to Reader
• A Theoretical Premise to be Proven• A (Theoretical) Position ( or Claim you Make) on
the Subject• A Statement which Identifies the Purpose and
Previews Main Ideas and Argument of the Study• A Guide (Roadmap) for Reader•
Report WritingGeneral Guidelines
• Why Report Writing? Sharing Results, Building Knowledge
• Thinking As Early As Possible
• Preserve Notes, Data
Report WritingGeneral Guidelines
• Original Research Question? Central Issue?
• Unit of Analysis---Ecological Fallacy
• Be Clear about Findings and Conclusions
• Data Evaluation, Interpretation, Conclusions
Report WritingGeneral Guidelines
• Many Parts of Report---Organization Thoughts Important
• Pre-Writing Stage: Arrange Notes, Outline (Main Ideas, Contents of Parts)
• Composing (First Draft---Free Writing, Complete Report
• Rewriting---Improvements, Discussion, Coherence, Errors, Citations, etc.
Report WritingGeneral Guidelines
• Parts of Report---Organization
• Introduction: Objective (Problem Identification, Reason for Research, Research Questions, Brief Argument, Description of Procedures)
• Discussion of Data, Material----Different Areas, Linkages, Relationships, Conclusions (Chapters, Sections, Headings, Subheadings)
Report WritingGeneral Guidelines
• Restate Relationships, Meanings Found in Data
• Relate Findings to Original Research Question
• Draw Conclusions: Specific, General (Restate Empirical Findings, General Issues, Broad Context)
• Policy Implications, Future Research Areas
Report WritingGeneral Guidelines
• Clarity and New Ideas---Process of Writing
• Limit Conclusions----Supported By Evidence
• Writer’s Block---Mind Goes Blank (Solution: Break)
• No Perfection
Report WritingGeneral Guidelines
• Clarity, Accuracy, Reflection of Logical Thinking, Step-By-Step Discussion, Coherence, Organization
• Reflects Good Understanding of Substantive (theory and data) and Methodological Areas
• Use of Technical Terms