report on the study of production and health profiling in...

Report on the study of production and health

profiling in small-scale and subsistence pig

production in Mukdahan province, Thailand

LOA/RAP/2010/67

Suwicha Kasemsuwan, Kasetsart University

Pichai Jirawattanapong, Kasetsart University

Supoj Noopatama, Department of Livestock Development

ii

Table of Contents

List of Attachment ................................................................................... iii

List of abbreviations ................................................................................ iii

Executive summary .................................................................................. iv

1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 1

2. Specific objectives ............................................................................... 1

3. Implemented activities ......................................................................... 1

3.1. Background of study areas ....................................................................... 1

3.2. Develop and deliver 3 training courses for farmers and CAHV .................... 2

3.3. Conduct a cross-sectional study of influenza and other important infectious

diseases in pig population in 3 sub-districts of Mukdahan through the following

activities .......................................................................................................... 3

3.3.1. Collect and transport a maximum of 500 samples for serological and

virological laboratory testing, ........................................................................... 3

3.3.2. Collect data on pig production and health through questionnaires ....... 3

3.4. Conduct bi-weekly visits to all pig farms in the selected sub-districts of

Mukdahan province .......................................................................................... 3

4. Results ............................................................................................... 4

4.1. Develop and deliver 3 training courses for farmers and CAHV .................... 4

4.2. Conduct a cross-sectional study of influenza and other important infectious


activities .......................................................................................................... 4


virological laboratory testing, ........................................................................... 4

4.2.2. Collect data on pig production and health through questionnaires ....... 5

4.3. Conduct bi-weekly visits to all pig farms in the selected sub-districts of

Mukdahan province .......................................................................................... 7

5. Conclusion and recommendation ......................................................... 9

Acknowledgement .................................................................................. 12

Reference ............................................................................................... 12

iii

List of Attachment

Attachment 1: Sow card ........................................................................................ 13

Attachment 2: Sow performance logbook .............................................................. 14

Attachment 3: Pig clinical observation form........................................................... 15

Attachment 4: Questionnaire on pig production and health management .............. 16

Attachment 5: CAHV training agenda .................................................................... 22

List of abbreviations

CAHV Community Animal Health Volunteer

DLD Department of Livestock Development

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

KU Kasetsart University

M-PLO Mukdahan Provincial Livestock Office

NIAH National Institute of Animal Health

OTOP the One-Tambon-One-Product government project

PDR Lao People’s Democratic Republic

PRRS Porcine Reprodictive and Respiratory Syndrome

PRRSv Porcine Reprodictive and Respiratory Syndrome virus

S/p ratio Sample/positive ratio

iv

Executive summary

In 2009, a new strain of H1N1 virus, known as pandemic H1N1/2009, which

was a result of reassortment between human and animal influenza viruses caused a

fear for human pandemic worldwide. Pigs in some countries, for example Canada,

were reported to be infected by pandemic H1N1/2009 virus. Many cases of the

2009 pandemic flu in human were reported in Thailand. A few incidences of

infection in pigs were also reported. In better preparing for the adverse impact of

pandemic H1N1/2009 and other potential emerging diseases, formulation of

baseline knowledge in pig production and health profile, especially in those small-

scale and subsistence productions where they are at a higher risk, is of significant

importance. The objectives of this project was to study production and health

profiling, in support of the formulation of baseline knowledge, focussing in small-

scale and subsistence pig production

The study was implemented in 3 sub-districts, Dong Mu, Bang Sai Noi and

Wan Yai in Mukdahan province, Thailand. Training courses on sample collection and

data recording were conducted among community animal health volunteers (CAHV)

and famers to gather data on health and pig production. Nasal swab and blood

samples were collected and submitted to National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH),

Department of Livestock Development (DLD) for swine influenza virus and PRRS

virus detection. Bi-weekly farm visits in the selected sub-districts were conducted

to gather pig production data and evidences of swine influenza and PRRS in pig

poppulation.

The study was able to capture and record key production indices in the

subsistence and small-scale pig production, including gestation length, total

number of piglets born per sow, number of piglets dead before selling date per

sow, number of piglet sold per sow, and weaning to first service interval. This

information was crucial in establishing a benchmark for subsequent monitoring, for

example to detect abnormalities or to improve production.

Results from questionnaires provided very useful demographic information

of participating pig farms and farmers, which later were linked to laboratory results

for subsequent epidemiological analyses. The questionnaire results were also used

v

to provide recommendations to farmers and staff of DLD to improve production and

livelihood for the farmers.

Two hundred and eleven nasal swab samples and 118 serum samples were

collected. No laboratory evidence of swine influenza was found in our study, which

was in agreement with the results from clinical observations. Six samples were

serologically positive to PRRS. However, the s/p ratio suggested that this was not

due to active or recent infection. In addition to swab and serum samples collected,

the study also collected fecal samples to test for intestinal parasites as it was

reported to be problematic by farmers. Provisioned with one time antihelminthic

treatment, significant reduction in the prevalence of parasite infestation was

observed.

This study was the first study on influenza in subsistence pig population, and

the first pilot of syndromic surveillance concept. Results from laboratory diagnosis

together with clinical observation through routine bi-weekly visits led to the

conclusion that a swine influenza virus was not circulated in the studied population

during the time of the study. The syndromic surveillance provided an efficient and

robust platform for early disease detection and early warning. However, the

efficiency of the syndromic surveillance depended largely on the capacity of staff,

especially those at the frontline, and also cooperation from farmers. To improve its

implementation, enhance engagement of community using participatory

approaches should be explored.

1

1. Introduction

The activities implemented herein are envisaged under the Letter of

Agreement LOA/RAP/2010/67 signed between Kasetsart University (KU) and Food

and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The implementation

entails coverage of activities under project TCP/RAS/3211(E), “Emergency assistance

for surveillance of novel influenza A subtype H1N1 viruses in pig and poultry

production sectors in high risk Southeast Asian countries.” The objective was to

study production and health profiling, in support of the formulation of baseline

knowledge, focussing in small-scale and subsistence pig production.

2. Specific objectives

1) Develop and deliver 3 training courses, including

a) Two (2) training courses for up to 30 participating farmers each on recording

of production and health data

b) One (1) training course for up to 20 animal health volunteers on techniques

for sample and field data collection and submission

2) Conduct a cross-sectional study of influenza and other important infectious


activities

a) Collect and transport a maximum of 500 samples for serological and

virological laboratory testing,

b) Collect data on pig production and health through questionnaires

3) Conduct bi-weekly visits to all pig farms in the selected sub-districts of

Mukdahan province to gather records of pig production and evidences of swine

influenza and other important infectious diseases in pig population

3. Implemented activities

3.1. Background of study areas

This study was conducted in 3 sub-districts of Mueng district, Mukdahan

province, namely Dong Mu, Bang Sai Noi and Wan Yai. Mukdahan is located in the

northeastern part of Thailand along the border of Thailand and Lao People’s

Democratic Republic (PDR) separated by the Mae Kong River. The province is

subdivided into 7 districts with 53 sub-districts. Criteria for selection of study areas

2

included number and density of small-scale and subsistence pigs and farmers,

availability of community animal health volunteers (CAHV) to implement the

activities, and existence of other relevant pig production to cross-border activities.

The selection was also done in consultation with Mukdahan Provincial Livestock

Office (M-PLO). Figure 1 shows that, among the seven districts, Mueng district has

the largest share of subsistence pig population (native breed). Majority of the

production of native breed pig in Mueng district supplies a niche market in Bang Sai

Noi sub-district. Roasted piglets have been promoted by the province under the

One-Tambon-One-Product (OTOP) government project in an area called Kaeng

Kabao, and supplies came from surrounding areas. With the above considerations,

the aforementioned 3 sub-districts were chosen for this study.

Figure 1: Number of pigs in Mukdahan’s districts

3.2. Develop and deliver 3 training courses for farmers and CAHV

One day training course was provided to all CAHV who participated in this

project. The objectives of the course were to train the CAHVs on data and sample

collection using questionnaires, as well as disease monitoring, recording and

reporting. Subsequently, the CAHV and KU staffs provided the other 2 training

courses to farmers on record keeping of basic farm production on sow performance

using basic form called “sow card”. Information contained in the sow cards were

breeding date, repeat service history, farrowing date, total born litter size and

preweaning mortality. These 2 training courses were performed on-site in the field

so that farmers would understand clearer and be available to participate.

3

3.3. Conduct a cross-sectional study of influenza and other

important infectious diseases in pig population in 3 sub-

districts of Mukdahan through the following activities



A cross sectional study of important pig diseases, such as PRRS, influenza

and internal parasites was conducted. Pigs older than one month were selected for

sample collection. Serum samples were collected to test for antibodies against PRRS

virus (PRRSv) [1]. Nasal swab samples were taken to detect Influenza virus [2].

These samples were submitted to National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH),

Department of Livestock Development (DLD) for laboratory testing. Fecal samples

were submitted to Diagnostic Laboratory Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Kasetsart University for intestinal parasite detection.

3.3.2. Collect data on pig production and health through questionnaires

A set of questionnaires was developed to gather information on general

health condition of pigs, disease monitoring, pig production and trade system.

These included a sow card (Attachment 1), a sow performance logbook (Attachment

2), a pig clinical observation form (Attachment 3), and a questionnaire on pig

production and health management (Attachment 4). A sow performance form was

kept in a farm, and recording was done by farmer. CAHV conducted bi-weekly visits

to participating pig farms to collect sow performance information, and noted down

the information in a sow performance logbook. During the bi-weekly visits, CAHV

also conducted clinical observations, and recorded the information using a clinical

observation form. At the beginning of the study, CAHV interviewed all participating

farmers using a questionnaire on pig production and health management. The

interview questionnaires were administered simultaneously with sample collection.

The completed questionnaires were then submitted to M-PLO and KU staff for

analysis.

3.4. Conduct bi-weekly visits to all pig farms in the selected sub-

districts of Mukdahan province

Participating farmers were requested to regularly maintain records on pig

production and health status using the “sow card”. Every two weeks, the CAHV

visited the farms and gathered records of “sow card”. Concurrently, the CAHV also

4

made observations on evidence of signs of abnormality concerning health status of

pigs in the farms. Should suspicions arose, the CAHV would notify M-PLO staff for

further investigation. Staffs from KU also visited pig farms to provide backstopping

supports to CAHV and M-PLO staff monthly. Total village visits made by CAHV and

KU staff were 60 and 30 respectively.

4. Results

4.1. Develop and deliver 3 training courses for farmers and CAHV

One-day training course performed by staffs from KU was provided to 20

CAHV from 3 sub-districts, Dong Mu, Bang Sai Noi and Wan Yai. The agenda for the

training was shown in Attachment 5. The CAHVs were trained for disease

monitoring, basic record on sow performance, sample and data collection in the

morning. In the afternoon they practised blood sample collection. Interview with

some farmers to determine validity of a questionnaire, “sow card” and health status

recording was also done. Consequently, a questionnaire and recording forms were

adjusted to take into account the understanding of respondents and enable the data

to be obtained. All CAHV, then, were allowed to train farmers for production

performance and health status recording.

4.2. Conduct a cross-sectional study of influenza and other

important infectious diseases in pig population in 3 sub-

districts of Mukdahan through the following activities



Nasal swab samples of 211 pigs were collected and submitted to NIAH to

detect swine influenza virus using standard protocols. All samples were found

negative in agreement with clinical observation in which no pig showed compatible

clinical signs of swine influenza. One hundred and eighteen serum samples were

also submitted to NIAH for PRRSv antibody detection using ELISA. Six samples (5 %)

were serologically positive against PRRSv. S/p ratio (which can be used to predict

stage of PRRSv-infection) of these sera were 0.537, 0.451, 0.623, 0.436, 0.575 and

0.544, respectively.

5

4.2.2. Collect data on pig production and health through questionnaires

In total, questionnaires were gathered from 79 farmers. Descriptive data

analysis was performed and results are shown in table 1 and 2.

Table 1: Quantitative data on the number of animals per household, age and price

of pigs

Parameters Mean Standard

deviation

Range (min-

max)

Median

Number of pigs 7.3 12.0 1-90 3

Number of chicken 19.5 24.9 0-200 12

Number of cattle 1.4 2.0 0-9 0

Number of dogs 1.1 1.1 0-4 1

Number of cats 0.3 0.7 0-3 0

Number of other animals 1.9 6.4 0-30 0

Sell age (all pigs) (days) 301.7 842.0 20-3,060 45

Sell age (age < 60 days)

(days)

37.6 10.4 20-60 45

Sell price (all pigs) (Baht) 801.2 1,417.0 300-7,500 350

Sell price (age < 60 days)

(Baht)

380.8 112.4 250-700 350

Buy age for new pig

(month)

10.6 14.2 1-60 5.3

Buy price for new pig

(Baht)

1,470.8 1,292.3 300-4,000 1,000

Table 2: Qualitative data on the general information: education, occupation, pig

rearing purpose and the experience, income, and persons to contact when pigs are

sick.

Parameters Percentage

Farmer education

Primary school

1st level high school

2nd level high school

Bachelor degree

Others

69.4

9.2

14.3

4.1

3.1

Rearing purpose

Income

Household consumption

Others

97.9

1.0

1.0

6


Experience on pig rearing

< 1 year

1-3 years

3-5 Years

> 5 years

25.5

32.7

20.4

21.4

Main occupation

Rearing pig

Government officers

Plant/rice agriculturer

others

7.1

4.1

77.6

11.2

Training related to pig rearing

Never trained

Trained

Trained on pig diseases

Trained on pig farming

Trained on pig feeding

Trained on pig production

Trained on other issues

59.2

40.8

20.4

14.3

10.2

14.3

10.2

Family income (per month)

< 5,000 baht

5,000 – 10,000 baht

> 10,000 – 50,000 baht

46.9

40.8

12.2

Criteria for choosing pig to reara

No choice

Convenience

Fecundity

Other reasons

1.1

21.7

81.5

6.5

Criteria for selling piga

Aged

Request to buy

Not fecundity

Want to stop rearing

Others

77.8

12.5

26.4

1.4

2.8

Action for sick pigsa

Self recovering

Isolation

Treatment by owners

Treatment by others

1.3

41.0

48.7

62.8

Contact person for sick animalsa

7


Not contact

Animal health volunteer

DLD officers

Village headman

Others

1.1

81.8

33.0

100.0

5.7

a respondents can choose more than one choice

4.3. Conduct bi-weekly visits to all pig farms in the selected sub-

districts of Mukdahan province

The basic farm production on sow performance was collected from 169

sows. Most of farmers, however, had never recorded this parameter before. Because

no prior data was available, some key sow performance indexes could not be

assessed, e.g. average litter size, repeated estrus, etcetera. The summary of sow

production performance, including gestation length, total number of pig born,

number of piglet dead before selling date per sow, and weaning to first service

interval, was shown in table 3. Gestation period was calculated from a length

between farrowing date (which was recorded during the project) and mating date

(which was recalled from farmers’ memory). Eight out of 169 sow cards (4.7%) were

mistakenly recorded. The mistakes were explained by having data recording in

wrong column (1 card), discrepancies between data recorded in syndromic form and

that in sow card (1 card), too short gestation length record (1 card), data recording

in advance (3 cards) and no identification number (2 cards). Backstopping missions

was conducted to immediately correct the problem and improve data recording

through discussion and on-site training with farmers and AHVs.

Table 3: Production parameters and the performances of pigs.

Production performance n Mean Standard

deviation

Range

(min-max)

Median

Gestation length (days) 26 112.4 5.63 102-121 113

Total number of pig born 54 9.2 3.49 2-21 9

Number of pig dead before

selling date per sow

17 2.4 1.77 1-8 2

Number of pig sold per sow 28 7.6 3.28 1-14 8

Weaning to first service

interval (days)

24

8

Health abnormality were reported from 4 villages (26.67%), involving 8

piglets and 3 adult pigs. Eight piglets showed signs of diarrhea with grey or white

color stool. Among these piglets, 4 of them were also found to be depressed. The 2

adult pigs had diarrhea with dark color stool; and the other showed sign of back

pain.

Fecal samples were randomly collected from 19 pigs in 8 households for

testing of intestinal parasite and coccidia infestation during the first visiting.

Results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Parasite egg count and oocyst count per gram of pig feces before

treatment.

Farmer No. Pig No. Egg count/gram Oocyst

count/gram Strogyloides Ascarids

1 1) 0 0 10,800

2) 50 0 10,800

2 3) 450 0 2,250

4) 0 1,600 26,800

5) 150 150 1,850

3 6) 50 0 150

4 7) 0 850 Not determined

8) 450 0 Not determined



5 11) 100 150 200

12) 200 0 38,750

13) 550 50 10,650

14) 750 50 3,000

6 15) 600 0 1,200

7 16) 0 0 850

8 17) 50 0 100

18) 0 0 250

19) 0 0 3,400

Fifteen pigs (79%) were infested with more than one types of worm eggs. All

pigs in 3 sub-districts were treated with antihelminth (Ivermectin) injection after the

first visit. During the last visiting, fecal samples were randomly taken from 16 pigs

9

from 10 households to determine effects of the treatment. Only 5 pigs (31%) were

found positive (Table 5). The significant reduction in the prevalence of parasite

infestration (z-value 2.498; p-value = 0.006) between pre- and post-treatment

demonstrated the effectiveness of antihelminthic program, even when only one

dose was given.

Table 5: Parasite egg count and oocyst count per gram of pig feces after treatment.

Farmer No.a Pig No.b Egg count/gram Oocyst

count/gram Strogyloides Ascarids

A a 150 1,400 200

B b 0 0 19,500

C c 200 0 11,800

d 0 0 29,300

e 0 0 1,900

f 350 1,000 150

D g 0 0 7,050

h 0 0 9,900

i 0 0 28,050

E j 0 0 20,050

F k 350 1,100 200

l 0 0 10,700

G m 50 1,300 100

H n 0 0 12,200

I o 0 0 10,100

J p 0 0 21,300

a farmers in the Table 5 are not identical to farmers in the Table4

b pigs in the Table5 are not identical to pigs in the Table4

Coccidial oocysts were demonstrated in fecal samples of all pigs during both

of the visits(Table 4 and 5). However, no anticoccidial drug was applied in these

pigs.

5. Conclusion and recommendation

All CAHV in 3 sub-districts joined the training course including blood

sampling practice. The one day training course was considered too short for the

CAHV to understand the subject and to perform the job without supervision.

10

Realizing the constraint in terms of the capacity of CAHV to uptake the knowledge,

the team of investigators provided hand-on training in the field on the following

day, and provided repeated trainings during the monthly visits. Some CAHV had

limited capacity in performing pig sample collection and could not collect sample

from large pigs. Therefore the number of samples collected was less than what was

originally planned. Getting more practices would give CAHV more experiences and

could have solved this problem.

Different dialect used by local farmers in Northeastern Thailand created

some level of communication challenges, including communication between the

team of investigators and CAHV. This problem impacted data collection using

interview questionnaires to some levels, especially on participants’ understanding

of the questions being asked. Community participatory approach where by allowing

CAHV or farmers to join questionnaire development process was suggested.

Almost 80% of farmers had less than 5 years of experience and about a

quarter entered into pig businesses for less than a year. 69.4% of the farmers’ level

of education only primary school. And around 59.2% had never received any

training related pig rearing. This would certainly influence farmers’ adoptions of

good agricultural practices (GAP) and proper biosecurity. Farmers also reported

that if there were any concerns regarding pig health, 100% and 81.8% of them

would contact village headmen and CAHC respectively. From these figures, village

headmen and CAHV served as a frontline of disease detection and reporting.

Therefore, animal health authorities should provide support in building the

capacities of village headmen and CAHV for the syndromic surveillance to be

successfully implemented.

Unexpectedly, some farmers were reluctant to join this project because of

their prior experiences with government projects. Specifically, they were afraid that

their animals would have to be kept in confinements for a few years in order to

receive incentives from projects. Attempts were made to include these farmers in

the project, but inevitably some farmers decided to drop out.

Gathering data from sow cards revealed that in subsistence pig population

some production indices in sow were lower than normal average[3]. Examples of

low production indices were a total number of pig born (litter size), an average

number of pigs sold per sow, and weaning to first service interval. However, the

data gathering in 2-month period might not be a clear indicator because complete

11

production cycles of pigs were not possible to monitor. Underestimations of the

sow performance parameters were possible.

Most of the pigs included in the study were infested by intestinal parasites

and coccidian. The infestation resulted in reduction in weight gained, poor feed

utilization, reduction in reproductive performances, and increased susceptibility to

other pathogens.

Potential in-breeding (mating of boars or sows with their own progenies)

were observed in some villages, without farmers’ awareness. The in-breeding would

hypothetically negatively impact production performances. This issue was

highlighted to livestock offices, and suggestions were made to instigate genetic

improvement program. This could be done by introducing boars and sows from

other sources or even considering artificial insemination. It was also suggested to

empower farmers’ knowledge through public education campaign. Nevertheless,

these recommendations would have to be implemented with care because some of

the farmers were contented with their current production and some even felt

rejection to have new boars introduced into their communities.

There were a few reports from Thailand on pandemic H1N1/2009 and other

influenza A viruses in pig population. The report all came from pigs raised in

confinements under commercial practices (commercial-breed pigs, commercial-

grade feeds, artificial insemination, and having routine health management

including vaccination and feed supplemental programs). This study was the first

study on influenza in subsistence pig production. Results from the cross-sectional

study showed that pandemic H1N1/2009 viruses and antibody to swine influenza A

was not found in pigs from these 3 sub-districts. The laboratory testing alone was

not sufficient to indicate presence or absence of viral circulation in pig population.

Nevertheless, the laboratory diagnosis together with clinical observation from the

routine visits made us believe that the pig population were free from influenza at

the time of the study.

Antibodies against PRRSv in 6 samples (5%) indicated exposure to the virus.

However, the low s/p ratio of those sera indicated that pigs might be infected with

PRRSv a long time ago. The low s/p ratio and low sero-prevalence in the population

suggested that the virus did not circulate the population. The low sero-prevalence

also highlighted the fact that the studied pigs were susceptible to PRRS infection if

the virus was introduced into the population. It was suggested that certain

12

prevention measures should be considered, for example, improved biosecurity,

quarantine of new-coming pigs, and farmer education.

In additional to viral diseases, intestinal parasites and coccidiosis appeared

quite frequently in pigs from the 3 sub-districts. Pigs seemed to be very responsive

to treatment with antihelminthic medicine (ivermectin®). Regular treatment with oral

antihelminth/anticoccidial drugs and keeping pigs on concrete would help

preventing infection and transmission with worms and coccidian, subsequently

improving production.

From interviews with some CAHV and farmers, many projects from several

organizations were provided to farmers in these 3 sub-districts. Some projects were

redundant and made farmers some confused. Collaboration between organizations

should be done before project provision. The other problem is that the information

on market for piglet product is still unclear. Until now demand for piglet products is

high whereas piglets for selling are in short supply. Gathering more information on

the marketing should be useful for other plans and supporting in the future.

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Dr. Waraporn Pimprapai and Dr. Narut Thanantong for

helping us during training courses and sample collection. Many thanks go to all

CAHV and farmers for their collaboration and grateful work. Finally, we thank staffs

from M-PLO for their help and support.

Reference

1. Collins J, Dee S, Halbur P, Keffaber K, Lautner B, McCaw M, Rodibaugh M, Sanford

E, Yeske P (1996) Laboratory diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory

syndrome (PRRS) virus infection. 4 (1): 33-35

2. Sreta D, Kedkovid R, Tuamsang S, Kitikoon P, Thanawongnuwech R (2009)

Pathogenesis of swine influenza virus (Thai isolates) in weanling pigs: an

experimental trial. Virol J 6: 34

3. Udomprasert P (1999) Swine health and production management. Udomsuk

printing (1993) limited, Bangkok. 199pp. (printed in THAI)

13

Attachment

Attachment 1: Sow card

14

Attachment 2: Sow performance logbook

15

Attachment 3: Pig clinical observation form

16

Attachment 4: Questionnaire on pig production and health management

22

Attachment 5: CAHV training agenda

Emergency assistance for surveillance of novel influenza A subtype H1N1 viruses in

pig and poultry production sectors in high risk Southeast Asian countries

มกดาหาร

27-28 กนยายน 2553

27 กนยายน 2553

ผรบการอบรม สตวแพทย และ อาสาสตวแพทย

เวลา กจกรรม วทยากร

9.00-9.15 แนะน าโครงการ (หมอปน) น.สพ.สพจน

9.15-10.45 สอนเรองการสงเกตอาการและต าแหนงเจาะเลอด อ.พชย

10.45-11.00 พก

11.00-11.30 แนะน าเรองแบบสอบถาม สพ.ญ.พรรณพร

11.30-12.00 แนะน าเรอง sow card และ แบบบนทกอาการ อ.สวชา

12.00-13.00 พก

13.00-14.30 ฝกเจาะเลอด อ.พชย /อ.นรตม

14.30-15.00 ฝกตรวจไขพยาธ อ.วราพร

15.00-16.00 ทดสอบแบบสอบถาม (ใหอาสาฯ ตอบ) สพ.ญ.พรรณพร

28 กนยายน 2553 เปาหมายคนฟง: ชาวบานผเลยงหมก

วธการ: ขอใหอาสาฯ จดประชมเกษตรกร และใหการแนะน าแบบสอบถาม แบบบนทกอาการ แบบบนทก

ผลผลต (sow card)และใหชาวบานทดลองตอบแบบสอบถามไดเลย

เวลา กจกรรม วทยากร

ชวงเชา หมบานทหารผานศก อาสาสตวแพทย

ชวงบาย หมบานแกงกระเบา และ บานบางไทรนอย อาสาสตวแพทย

report on the study of production and health profiling in...

Documents