REPORT ON THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND PARTNERS FOR AFRICA

STAKEHOLDERS ZAMBIA WORKSHOP

“Policy Dialogue on Biofuels, Renewable Energy for Public Health, and Enterprise

Development”

Written by Centre for Energy, Environment and Engineering Zambia Ltd (CEEEZ) Private Bag E721, Lusaka, ZAMBIA Tel/Fax: +260 - 1 - 240267 Email: yamba@eng.unza.zm / ematsika@yahoo.com / ceeez@coppernet.zm

January 2005

PARTNERS FOR AFRICA is co-funded by the European Commission in the 6th Framework Programme –Specific Measures in Support of International Cooperation (INCO), Contract number FP6-502257.

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1.0 BACKGROUND This workshop took place in the framework of the PARTNERS FOR AFRICA PROJECT. PARTNERS FOR AFRICA is co-funded by the European Commission in the 6th Framework Programme – Specific Measures in Support of International Cooperation (INCO). (Contract FP6-INCO-DEV-502257) PARTNERS FOR AFRICA aims to demonstrate the role of renewable energy in poverty eradication and support to policy-making activities in the following areas:

• Sustainable resource management • Health and public health • Enterprise development

The project will run from January 2004 until June 2005. The action will support and stimulate the activities of the European Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development. This initiative was launched at the Johannesburg World Summit for Sustainable Development to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals. It seeks to create a focus on better access to sustainable energy services for the more than two billion “energy poor” of our planet. These goals are being achieved by mobilising international and local partnerships to create an innovative forum for developing new programmes, project platforms, and policy proposals. The mobilisation of partnerships in Africa involves:

1. Identifying partners 2. Bringing them together in partnership structures 3. Supporting and contributing to their financing efforts 4. Facilitating their set-up and operation

Results of partnership activities will provide policy makers with the essential tools, results and information to allow them to develop targeted and effective policy. Tools for the mobilisation of partnerships shall include the organisation of meetings, financing of travel expenses, newsletters and other information networking services. Notably, workshops shall be organised in three African countries:

• South Africa (took place on 21-23 June 2004) • Zambia • Senegal (planned for 2005)

It is against this background that the first workshop held in Zambia took place at Fringilla Guest House, 50km North of the capital city, Lusaka, from 10th - 11th May 2004. The workshop dubbed “Recommendation of the Policy Framework for the Introduction of Ethanol-Petrol Blending and Biodiesel on the Zambian Market” attracted participants from Government Organs (ministries, departments, and agencies), Non-governmental

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Organizations, Academic and Research Institutions, Companies (Public and Private) and the media. As a follow up, a second workshop was held in Lusaka at Mulungushi International Conference Centre from 14 – 15th December 2004. The participants were drawn from the same sectors as the first workshop, the main difference being that the workshop addressed many more issues. The workshop entitled “Policy Dialogue on Biofuels, Renewable Energy for Public Health, and Enterprise Development” was focussed on biofuels for both the transport sector and electricity generation, public health related to renewable energy and application of PV and wind energy for productive use.

2.0 WORKSHOP PROGRAMME The programme that was adopted is shown in Appendix A. 3.0 ATTENDENCE A total of 43 people were in attendance. The details of the attendees are presented in Appendix B. Chairpersons changed from session to session as the workshop proceeded. 4.0 WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS 4.1 Official Opening Coming from the host institution, CEEEZ, Prof. F. D. Yamba, the Director, made the introductory speech. He stated that the objective of the workshop was to disseminate the objectives of PFA to stakeholders, and results thus far attained by the project. The focus of the workshop presentations would be on biofuels for both the transport sector and electricity generation, public health related to renewable energy and application of PV and wind energy for productive use. He paid special thanks for the PFA project for financing the holding of the workshop. The workshop was graced by the EC Head of Delegation, Ambassador Henry Sprietsma. He made a speech in the form of a PowerPoint presentation (Appendix C). The Ambassador explained that the EC-Zambia cooperation is in three main priority areas namely poverty reduction, sustainable economic growth and good governance. He was therefore glad to note that the PFA project embraces the EC objectives of poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth by influencing the policy making process. The Government representative was the Acting Director of the Department of Energy (Ministry of Energy and Water Development), Mr. Oscar Kalumiana. He informed the gathering that Zambia is in the process of reviewing the 1994 National Energy Policy. As such, projects like PFA would go a long way in feeding into the process. He thanked the organisers of the workshop PFA for sponsoring and holding the workshop. Finally, he wished success to the proceedings of the workshop. Mr. Pigaht outlined the 18-month Partners for Africa project (see Appendix D). This project is co-financed by the European Commission through the International Cooperation (INCO) sub-programme of the 6th Framework Programme. Partners for Africa started with the first project meeting in Vienna, Austria in parallel to the Global Forum on Sustainable Energy, on 20th February 2004. Its primary objective is to demonstrate the role of renewable energy in poverty eradication and to offer support to policy-making activities in three areas i.e.:

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sustainable resource management, health and public health, and enterprise development. The PfA project supports and stimulates the activities of the European Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development. These goals are being achieved by mobilising international and local partnerships to create an innovative forum for developing new programmes, project platforms, and in particular, support policy making. In enhancing “North-South” cooperation, the project is carried out by 5 Partners from Europe (WIP - Germany, ETA - Italy, ITDG - UK, Eco Ltd - UK and SEI - Sweden) and 3 Partners from Africa (Illovo Sugar Ltd - South Africa, ENDA - Senegal and CEEEZ - Zambia).

Mr. Pigaht also made a presentation on LAMNET (see Appendix E), He started by giving a background, explaining that LAMNET is a network of 48 institutions from 24 countries, with a view of transnationally provide a forum for the promotion of sustainable use of biomass. It is funded by the European Commission within the programme ‘Confirming the International Role of Community Research’ Project duration (Jan 2002 – Dec 2004), and coordinated by WIP, Germany, in partnership with ETA, Italy and the European Biomass Industry Association, EUBIA. It includes Latin American organisations like CENBIO, Brazil and UNAM, Mexico, which act as coordination support points. Two case studies where presented namely Brazil and Colombia. For the former, great success has been achieved in production of bio-ethanol, and development of Flex Fuel Vehicles, whose sales have been increasing year by year. In Colombia, there was a formation of National Alcohol Program for Colombian Gasoline New law (2001) mandating the blend of bio-ethanol (10% volume) with gasoline. Following the presentation on LAMNET, it was observed that the success stories in Brazil and Mauritius could be attributed to policy-backed incentives. With the future promising high demand for ethanol by the EU countries, Africa was urged to utilise the opportunity for economic growth. The participants were informed that Africa has potential to produce sufficient ethanol to cover world demand.

The last introductory presentation on the Cane Resources Network for Southern Africa (CARENSA), Appendix F, was made by Ms. Maria Morales of SEI, Sweden. She explained the motivation for the formation of CARENSA as being the growing need for multi-product, multi-sector strategies to promote sustainable development and enhance global competitiveness in the sugar industry. The objectives of CARENSA are to:

• Compare current and potential cane resource use in southern Africa • Develop benchmarks for system inputs, production, and performance • Evaluate competitiveness via multi-purpose production strategies • Capacity-building and technology transfer for SADC region • Promote south-south co-operation with key producers (Brazil, India) • Characterise policy environment and identify incentive schemes • Compare socio-economic and environmental impacts across scenarios • Identify implementation strategies and sources of support (CDM) • Evaluate co-product strategies with financial and sustainability criteria • Provide a regional and global forum for discussion and exchange

For the sugar industry, it is not only sugar that can be produced, but also ethanol (from molasses and sugar juice), and electricity (from bagasse). The presentation showed that Africa stands to benefit from the sugar industry. Paricularly for Southern Africa, the driving forces are rural development / economics, employment creation, entrepreneurial skills,

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population/resource pressures, energy security, health (e.g. get rid of lead), urban environment (reduction of urban air pollution), rural environment (cane burning), social and community development, future competitiveness of the sugar industry, Climate Change – investment opportunities through CDM, and dependence on fossil fuels in increasingly volatile market. In the fuel self sufficiency scenario, Zambia would benefit from biofuels as follows:

• Job creation : 150 thousand (one per hectare); • FOREX savings : 0.2 billion USD per year (15% of the imports); • Growth in GDP: 5 percent (GDP = USD 4.4 bn). • An average investment of two thousand dollars per hectare is necessary to put

land under energy crops. Hence the country’s agricultural investment would be USD 0.6 billion.

In connection with the CARENSA presentation, there was a query on who would sprearhead the ethanol production in Zambia. It was explained that the only sugar company that can immediately start is Zambia Sugar, since it has been in operation for over 20 years. 4.2 Presentations The 16 presentations made during the two days were placed in four categories namely:

• Energy Policy Initiatives • Renewable Energy Technologies for Public Health and Sanitation • Opportunities for Liquid Biofuels • Financing and Enterprise Development

4.2.1 Energy Policy Initiatives 4.2.1.1 Zambian Government Policy Position on Biofuels and Renewable Energy

By Mr. Geoffrey Musonda, Acting Assistant Director, Department. of Energy

(DoE) Summary The presenter outlined the thinking of Government regarding the subject area (see Appendix G). He explained that of the various sources of the country’s energy, only petroleum is wholly imported energy source, accounting for 10% of the country’s foreign exchange expenditure, and 14% of the national energy requirements. As such, in order to reduce the foreign exchange pressure, Government’s new policy direction is to enhance New and Renewable Sources of Energy (NRSE) technological development, wider use of NRSE technologies, information dissemination about NRSE and the education and training in NRSE at various levels. In this connection, bio-fuels are being promoted for the following reasons:

• Can be locally sourced e.g. ethanol from sugar plants [sugarcane and sweet sorghum] and bio-diesel from crops like sunflower and jatropha

• 10 – 20% blending for both gasoline and diesel (increase volume without compromise on efficiency)

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Mr. Musonda went on to inform the participants that Government was in the process of reviewing the 1994 National Energy Policy (NEP). ). This review was necessary because of the need for reform, international developments in the energy sector and new technologies (e.g. bio-fuel technologies for bio-diesel and bio-ethanol production). He highlighted Government’s action so far as follows:

• Luena sugarcane study • Studies to set up a gel fuel pilot plant • Preliminary/baseline studies on the above conducted • Study tour by DoE staff to ethanol production and utilisation companies in Malawi • Ministers attendance at a meeting with technocrats on ethanol, and formation of a

technical committee on ethanol use In conclusion, the presenter stated that bio-fuels have the potential to play a significant role in the economic development of Zambia. However, for this to succeed, Government will have to take a leading role by creating a conducive environment. Issues Arising Some participants expressed surprise at the low electricity penetration. It was recommended that Zambia could take a leaf from countries like South Africa where least cost measures have yielded positive results. A serious concern was raised by local stakeholders who claimed that despite the 1994 NEP being in existence for a decade, no tangible results have emerged. To this, Government representatives said that in the past political will was a problem. However, the current Government has shown unprecedented political will, which is hoped can be transformed into tangible results. Over perceived lack of standards for both bio-ethanol and bio-diesel, it was explained that the Energy Regulation Board (ERB) already has such standards. Only a quality control system is yet to be done. 4.2.1.2 The EU Energy Initiative and the EU Energy Facility

By Dr. Vladimir Stehlik, Director, EUEI Summary The presenter explained that the EUEI was an EC initiative, based on the EC Council’s decision following the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg. The objective of the Initiative is to contribute to providing the access to energy necessary for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, particularly, but not exclusively, that of halving the number of people in extreme poverty by the year 2015. This objective will be achieved within the context of activities driven by participating developing countries, through the provision of adequate, affordable, sustainable energy services. The initial focus of activities is Africa. In the presentation shown in Appendix H, Mr. Stehlik emphasised that this initiative was based on employing a stakeholder-driven (bottom-up) approach, and not a bilateral one. The workshop was relevant because RE and bio-fuels carry potential funding (via the European Investment Bank and b-lateral European Development Funding Institutions). He outlined the activities of the EUEI to-date such as through Partners for Africa, COOPENER, dialogue with SADC and ECOWAS, energy in other EC budget lines

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(e.g. forestry, sugar etc.), several MS, EUEI partnership and dialogue facility (PDF), and facilitating workshops in conjunction with the EC. The planned future activity areas are as follows: Activity area 1: Delivery of energy services, for countries where an enabling policy

framework is in place Activity area 2: Creating enabling environment, for countries where enabling policy

and governance framework needs development Activity area 3: Facilitating large investments, mainly with International Financial

Institutions and Private Sector investors Issues Arising A question was raised on the need for private sector involvement. It was revealed that the EUEI was going for open 50% financing. It was explained that little can be achieved without Government support. A concern was raised that the EU project proposal procedure was long and laborious. To this effect, the participants were informed that the EUEI is trying to shorten the procedure, to make it more innovative and flexible, but with limits. 4.2.1.3 Developing a new SIDA Energy Policy

By Mr. Anders Arvidson, SIDA, Sweden

Summary The presentation (Appendix I) was made with reference to a consultative meeting, which took place recently in Sweden, which was deemed a transparent process of policy review. In order to be inclusive, the stakeholders were drawn from developed as well as developing countries, and international organisations such as the World Bank and UNDP. The objectives of the energy policy would be two-fold:

• to help create conditions that enable poor people to improve their lives • all work explicitly motivated as relevant for reducing poverty.

Arising from the meeting, SIDA would take the path that takes into account the following:

• Energy and Poverty reduction • Energy and Environment • Energy and the enabling environment for energy sector development

The presenter emphasised that the SIDA policy would thus include more on renewable energy as a means of poverty alleviation. As such the project activities of the PFA, and the objectives of the workshop, were in line with the SIDA policy. Issues Arising The main concern by stakeholders was how extensive the SIDA programme was world-wide. It was explained that while SIDA may be expanding, Sweden has limited resources, and thus is not widely spread.

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Concerning the priorities of SIDA, the presenter reiterated that it was the policy of SIDA to follow the priorities of the recipient countries. In this case, Zambia would set its priorities within the overall framework of the SIDA Energy Policy. 4.2.2 Renewable Energy Technologies for Public Health and Sanitation 4.2.2.1 Exploring the Links between Rural Energy, Health and SME Development

By Mr. Gregg Austin, AGAMA, South Africa

Summary This presentation (Appendix J) was centred on the provision of appropriate energy technologies to meet people’s needs. Hence, the emphasis was ensuring that projects are demand driven. In order to ensure improved living standards of people, an SME approach was recommended. The presenter also addressed the issue of rural energy and health. This deals with institutional and residential areas, involving improvement of service delivery (to include in-door air quality, sanitation and waste water disposal, etc). An example of Natal was given where it was observed that there was an improved eye condition of residents as a result of change in the energy source. In the same vein, the concept of ecological sanitation (ECOSAN) was also addressed. The presentation also gave examples of biogas potential demand in South Africa as being 12,000 schools and 300,000 homes. The presenter explained that liquid biofuels have also been seen to be potential sources of energy, and sustainable development. Production of ethanol from sweet sorghum has a potential to create 62,000 jobs, while production of biodiesel from sunflower has a potential to create 288,000 jobs. In conclusion, the presenter stated that renewable energy offers a win-win situation. There are environmental, health, social and economic benefits expected. It is therefore necessary for policy makers to take the responsibility to ensure that the needs of the rural poor are addressed through integrated policy development, cutting across government departments Issues Arising Some participants observed that the SME approach sometimes dents a technology. An example was given of Botswana where 80% of solar water technology applications failed due to some companies who make poor installations, and offer poor services. Another concern was the commercial justification of biogas plants, taking note of associated energy requirements. It was explained that the economic viability is usually tied to the price of price of fossil fuel (US$26/barrel). Finally, the farming community inquired into how small-scale farmers could benefit from Renewable Energy technologies. It was explained that the implementation and potential

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benefits of ecosan is also suited for isolated and rural areas. And whilst human excretion cannot meet all energy needs, livestock waste could also be used to produce biogas for rural energy needs. Further, water recycling is a simple, cheap and highly effective concept that should particularly be applied in rural farming communities. 4.2.2.2 Opportunities for Commercial Agriculture to Link Renewable Energy to

Sustainable Development, And Social Responsibility By Mr. Denis Tomlinson, Illovo, South Africa

Summary The focus of this presentation (Appendix K) was two-fold: renewable energy for sustainable development, and the social responsibility of Illovo in the six countries where it operates (South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zambia). The presentation highlighted the agricultural renewable energy potential as being co-generation from use of bagasse, and bio-ethanol production from molasses or sugar juice. Illovo acknowledges that African Governments, past and present, under provide services especially in the rural areas. Therefore, Illovo has of necessity to sustain and support the communities in which it works. The areas of support are infrastructure, health centres, schools and training. In addition technical assistance is provided to the sugar cane farming community. The case study of the Kilombero outgrower scheme (Tanzania) was shown which had been supported by Kilombero and the International Finance Corporation -SME. Issues Arising Illovo was commended for its social responsibility programme. Illovo did however comment that the extensive cost was of concern and moves towards schemes where the community was able to finance these programmes themselves were being investigated as in the Kilombero outgrower example. Illovo’s position is that social responsibility and the provision of essential social services to its employees and neighboring communities is essential to ensure the long-term commercial success of Illovo’s sites. Asked on the extent of Agricultural support, the presenter outlined the extension services for sugar cane farmers normally provided by Illovo or the national governing body. 4.2.2.3 Biomass Energy Conservation – a “Health” Issue?

By Dr. Christoph Messinger, Regional Co-ordinator, GTZ/SADC – ProBEC North

Summary The presentation (Appendix L) started by explaining that ProBEC – sponsored programmer’s vision is that “All population should be able to satisfy their energy needs in an affordable and sustainable manner”. ProBEC focuses on biomass energy conservation, which entails economical, efficient and sustainable use of biomass energy. Examples being improved efficiency cook stoves, fuel, fire and kitchen management, and sustainable natural resource management. Application of technologies meant for biomass conservation has a positive impact on health due to reduced air pollution and burns.

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Issues Arising The main concern was the classic one: while improved efficiency cook stoves are technically good, they have not been well accepted by the users. Why? It was reported that a study was conducted where it was revealed that one third of the respondents had never used such stoves, one third had used them before, while one third were currently using them. From ProBEC’s experience, the success of stove acceptability improves when the stove programme is tailor made. This is achieved by training the locals to make stoves, and disseminate information about their use. The participants echoed the usual concern that usually donor-driven programmes are unable to sustain themselves when direct donor support is withdrawn. As a result, concerns were raised with regard to the continuing survival of the presented ProBEC projects. In answer to this, it was pointed out that there was a strong commercial aspect to the programme, with the expansion of income-generating activities, local production and quality control. At the very least, this will allow the impact of ProBEC project to be translated into permanent and socio-economically sustainable impacts. 4.2.2.4 Ecosan – Sustainable Water Management And Biogas Production

By Johannes Selke, Denorco (pty) Ltd. South Africa

Summary The presentation started by giving a background of the development of the sanitation technology. It went on to explain the need for movement to the concept of Ecological Sanitation (ecosan). This is underpinned by the need to fulfill Goal No. 7 of the UN MDGs: “Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015”. Ecosan, which would offer an approach to meeting the said MDG, is not a specific technology, but a new philosophy - based on an overall view of material flows - of dealing with what is presently regarded as waste and wastewater for disposal. Examples of such systems were given, from Germany and Thailand. Separation of faeces and urine ensures a higher potential to produce biogas, which is combusted for various uses. The presentation was very big in size, and thus will be placed on the PFA website. Issues Arising The main concern raised during the questions, was the economic practicality of the proposed technologies. It was explained that carefully designed Ecosan systems, are actually cheaper to run than the current centralised sanitation systems.

4.2.2.5 Towards Sustainable Reductions in Indoor Air Pollution in Poor Countries

By T. Sanchez, ITDG, UK Summary This presentation (Appendix M) was focused on the effects of indoor pollution, and what ITDG is doing to intervene. It was stated that there are 1.6m deaths annually from indoor

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pollution. With poverty as the driving force, household energy use has economic, environmental, and health impacts. In trying to address these ills, ITDG has developed a programme aimed at promoting the development of sustainable (local) markets for technologies capable of delivering substantial reductions in IAP exposure, while meeting other household requirements, in (selected) poor communities in Africa. Phase I involved the following: Kenya: Upesi stove (fuel efficient), Hood and flue, Enlarged windows and eaves and

Fireless cookers Sudan: LPG and appliances and some continued use of wood and charcoal Nepal: Hood and flue, and plastering of dry stone walls to reduce fuel use After such interventions, it was observed that there were reduced levels of CO and particulates. Phase II of the project will encompass the following:

• Ensure interventions suitable and effective (some continued development) • Market assessment (survey of 100/country): awareness of risk, interventions,

WTP etc. • Promote demand: Raising awareness, potential benefits, knowledge of and

confidence in credit • Repeat market assessment • Develop supply: Business development, availability of credit • Policy: National Forums (and Local Forums) • Evaluation (overall, plus study of 150/country)

In conclusion, the presenter stated that the success of the project was the application of participatory methods. He ended by saying that there is need for national policy and action required through forums, which may lead to useful exchange and action, and addressing the challenge of transferring ‘NGO’ approach to much larger scale implementation. Issues Arising There was a recommendation for further studies, and also investigating the potential for use of renewable energy sources. 4.2.2.6 Renewable Energy and Health – Senegal Case Studies

By Dr. Saly Wade, ENDA, Senegal Summary According to the presenter, there seems to be little political will in Senegal to develop projects that link energy and health. The general observation is that most programmes are not sufficiently multi-sectoral. It was recommended that NGOs could play a major role in up-scaling some programmes which have been successfully implemented by linking energy and health. One of the major barriers to the introduction of relevant sustainable energy services

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for the poor is a lack of inter-sectoral cooperation, especially on a ministerial level. The integration of energy issues in activities non-energy of ministries in the fields of health, rural development, communication and economic development is almost non-existent and yet so necessary. As a way to promote the energy-health linkage, it was proposed that projects could be developed which have two objectives. For example, promoting use of energy for food production. This presentation was made in form of a talk, and thus no powerpoint presentation was available. Issues Arising From the experience of some participants, it was recommended that energy activities should be linked to other activities. It is perceived that one would be more successful with energy if they link it to other programmes like health or food security. Others felt that what is required is to ultimately link energy to business for sustainability. Despite existence of guidelines for development, it was observed that PRSPs in most of Africa did not take into account or had little on energy input into them. Nevertheless, the second generation of PRSPs is expected to include energy sufficiently. Giving an example of the minister’s dinner policy dialogue meeting that took place on 14th December 2004 (See Section 5.0), a multi-sectoral approach was emphasised. During the said meeting, the minister of health was in attendance to discuss energy issues relating to health. 4.2.3 Opportunities for Liquid Biofuels

4.2.3.1 Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum as an Alternative Bioenegy Feedstock

By Dr K. Munyinda, UNZA, Zambia Summary Dr. Munyinda’s presentation (Appendix N) emphasised on sweet sorghum, is one of the four major groups of cultivated sorghums grown for its sweet stems. The crop has been recognised by CARENSA as a possible alternative or complementary crop to provide raw material to the sugar cane industry in Southern Africa. It was explained that sweet sorghum has many uses to include syrup production; grain is used for food, juice and bagasse for production of ethanol, stalk for production of silage or fodder, and fiber of the stalk making quality paper. Compared with sugarcane, sweet sorghum has more advantages in terms of lower production costs, bi- annual harvesting, lower water requirements, just to mention but a few. The presenter also revealed that there is a three-year research to evaluate the suitability of growing sweet sorghum in Zambia whose objective is to evaluate productivity of sweet sorghum considering the following:

• Yield potential of genotypes. • Time of planting • Performance in the three Agro-ecological Regions (I, II and III) in

different soil types.

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The study is being carried out by Imperial College London, CEEEZ and UNZA. Issues Arising The role of sweet sorghum was questioned. To this affect, it was explained that in an event that sugarcane cannot meet the ethanol demand, sweet sorghum, which can be harvested twice per annum, could be used. It was, however, observed that there was need to carry out more research. 4.2.3.2 Gasoline Blending Options for Zambia

By Mr. Kenneth Kangende, Energy Regulation Board, Zambia Summary The presentation (Appendix P) was centred on explaining the chemical process of making transport fuels. It further looked at blending options of gasoline. What clearly came out is that Zambia’s only petroleum refinery does not have a full cracking facility. Hence, the country imports co-mingled (spiked) crude oil. Since the world is moving away from leaded fuel, the presentation elaborated on the need for Zambia to evaluate blending options, which include ethanol, MTBE, MMT and mechanical methods. At the moment, the most feasible (and acceptable) option is MMT route, which, however, is also controversial. The better options remain as ethanol and mechanical means. However, the later calls for such high capital outlays that it may not be practically possible. Due to the many socio-economic and environmental benefits, ethanol was recommended as the long term sustainable path, with 10% blending meeting the 91 Octane number. As a way forward, the presenter suggested the following:

• Government passes legislation to regulate vehicle emissions. • Need for air quality policy to control other pollutants from vehicles e.g.

volatile organic components (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other toxic substances (aromatics, olefins, benzene, sulphur).

• Government passes legislation to ensure that all new imported petrol propelled vehicles are designed for unleaded petrol and equipped with emission control systems such as catalytic converters.

• Government makes a policy pronouncement on transition towards cleaner fuels e.g. ethanol blending, bio-diesel.

Issues Arising Some participants wondered why Zambia was targeting 10% blending when 20+% was possible elsewhere in the world. It was, however, explained that while the actual percentage is yet to be experimentally determined, the main determinant is the octane number of 91, which corresponds with about 10% blending. Also, the ERB is taking cognisant of the fact that the vehicles to be using such ethanol blended gasoline were designed for pure gasoline. High percentages of ethanol tend to increase vaporisations, and also corrosion since ethanol is hydroscopic. Additionally, it was reported that research has been going on in Zambia. A typical example was in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, SOE, University of Zambia, where, blends of up to 10% have been achieved.

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A major concern was an observation that despite the Dakar Declaration, Zambia does not seem to be moving (the Declaration makes it mandatory to stop use of leaded fuel in Africa by the end of 2005). To this affect, Government representatives informed the gathering that Government is actually moving. This could be seen from the formation of a Technical Committee overseeing the change from Leaded to Unleaded fuel. The committee was due to have its first meeting on 17th and 18th December 2004. On the way forward in government formulating the right policies, it was recommended that the Environmental Protection, Public Health, and Energy Regulation Acts be integrated. 4.2.3.3 Opportunities and Challenges for Ethanol Production and Use

By Prof. F. D. Yamba, CEEEZ, Zambia Summary The presentation (Appendix R), started by stating the driving forces to moving to bio-ethanol as the need to move towards a sustainable development path including poverty reduction against global expectations of safeguarding the environment, environmental effects of fossil fuels and finite nature of fossil fuels. He then presented the opportunities and challenges which are driven by key elements namely technology, availability of feedstocks at low cost, land availability, and biofuels blending/use economics. Feedstock requirements were elaborated, showing that with its many better characteristics than sugarcane, sweet sorghum can effectively supplement sugarcane. The presenter further revealed that evaluation of project economics is essential. From the graphs of IRR verses ethanol production price, the following come out:

• Ethanol gives an economic advantage to lead use as an octane enhancer • Ethanol has an economic advantage to gasoline since at an IRR of 20% its

price is around US Cents 20 against the gasoline price of US Cents 43 • This price can further be reduced to US Cents 15 if the project is implemented

under CDM of the Kyoto Protocol • At US$5 per tonne CO2e, CDM is not attractive to business (Unless the value

of carbon credits is increased, it is unlikely that the business sector will be attracted by CDM).

Despite use of ethanol being attractive, implementation has not been successful. Barriers to this were presented as being policy, technical/technology, and financial and legal. The presentation went on to make the following barrier removal strategies:

• Awareness and information programmes on the benefits for implementation of ethanol producing technology under sustainable energy path development and CDM arrangements

• Capacity to develop portfolio of sustainable ethanol producing projects • Conducive fiscal and financial environment for easy implementation of such

projects. • Policy framework related to biofuels

The presenter concluded by saying that Zambia has great potential to benefit from use of its natural resource endowment base to produce ethanol as a transport fuel, and if implemented will go a long way in achieving a sustainable energy path and also contribute significantly to

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poverty reduction through creation of numerous jobs from agriculture, processing and marketing. To achieve this, however, requires a conducive policy framework, with supporting awareness and information programmes, and development of capacity to develop sustainable ethanol producing projects. Issues Arising It was observed that despite the IRR analysis taking into account VAT and taxes, it did not taking into account impacts of regional trading regime like COMESA and SADC. The presenter explained that it was essential that transport economics for ethanol delivery within the SADC/COMESA region was taken into account. 4.2.3.4 Opportunities and Challenges for Biodiesel Production and Use

By Mr. Emmanuel Matsika, CEEEZ, Zambia This presentation (Appendix S) was made in line with that in Section 4.2.3.3. The presenter explained that biodiesel can be produced from jatropha and other oil-bearing seeds. It can be blended up to 20% in nearly all diesel engines without modifications. Higher blends of up to 100% can be used in many diesel engines built since 1994 with little or no modifications. He then presented the opportunities and challenges as being driven by the key elements being technology, availability of feedstocks at low cost land availability if a large scale bioenergy fuels programme is planned, and biodiesel blending / use economics. While many oil seeds could be used as a feedstock, the presentation recommended jatropha for Zambia, reasons being its short growing period (about 100 days), drought resistance, grows on well – drained soils with good aeration, well adapted to marginal soils with low nutrient content, has a yield of between 5 to 10 tonnes per hectare, and has an oil content of 40%. Project economics analysis shows the following:

• The price of biodiesel ranges from 28 to 35 US Cents against 40 US Cents for petroleum diesel

• The viability of biodiesel production depends largely on the price of the raw material and benefits to accrue to farmers.

• The economics of biodiesel production is relatively attractive between the price of US$100 to US$150

Despite use of biodiesel being attractive, implementation has not been successful. The barriers and barrier removal strategy were in line with those discussed in Section 4.2.3.3. The presenter concluded by acknowledging that Zambia has great potential to benefit from production of biodiesel. Implementation of this would contribute to sustainable energy development, and also contribute significantly to poverty reduction through creation of numerous jobs from agriculture, processing and marketing. In order to achieve this, however, requires a conducive policy framework, with supporting awareness and information programmes, and development of capacity to develop sustainable biodiesel producing projects.

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Issues Arising The first observation was that jatropha seeds are plenty in Zambia. The problem, the presenter reiterated, is not the feedstock per se, but the barriers stated in the presentation. One participant made a recommendation that Zambia should consider using straight edible oils, which do not need esterification. However, this was countered by explaining that Zambia supports the food security campaign by the whole world and thus would not want to get into the “war between food and energy”. As the presentation showed, the crop that Zambia would use was jatropha, which produces non-edible oil. 4.2.3.5 Current Stakeholders’ Perspectives and Thinking on Ethanol Production and

Use.

By Dr. Muyoba Macwani, Njuwe Consultants, Zambia Summary This presentation (Appendix T) was made based on the work that the consultant is undertaking to produce a concept paper, which is based on the interviews with various stakeholders. The presenter highlighted Government’s positive position regarding moving to unleaded gasoline, with preference to use of ethanol as the blending agent. In fact, the committee to which the consultant reports his findings was constituted by Government. The finding revealed that most of the stakeholders subscribe to the move towards unleaded gasoline. Some feel that what is hindering is lack of a policy framework within which the whole country would operate. Based on ethanol demand, potential job creation in the transport market vis-à-vis the projected 4% annual growth rate in the sugar industry over the next 10 years would be as follows:

Year 2006 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 TOTAL

Potential Jobs

336

432

492

744

912

840

3,756

Potential Forex Savings (US$m)

4.2

4.4

4.8

5.1

5.5

6.0

30

Going by policy statements in the media, Government’s Road Map for promoting use of biofuels as alluded to in the Final Concept Paper and the 2005 Budget, the participants were

16

informed that that Government’s position on bio-fuels is very clear indeed (that there will be no turning back), and hence the outlined the recommendations below:

a) Completion of Bio-fuel Strategy by end of June, 05; b) Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Dec, 07 and c) Transition to ethanol blending of gasoline in Zambia’s transport market by Jan, 08

In conclusion, the presenter reiterated that Government’s policy statement promotes the use of ethanol, which was described as the black gold of the world. So Zambia has a market already! What was required was Government’s road map on ethanol production, and cogen, which requires development of a bio-energy strategy. By moving in this direction, the Zambian Government would also be fulfilling the UNFCCC objectives of GHG reductions. Issues Arising The most critical concern was that of competition for feedstocks. An example was made of molasses which is used as livestock feed. To this effect, it was explained that the calculations/projections are based on the current relatively low demand for molasses. In view of the nearing of the 31 December 2005 Dakar Declaration, some quarters called for a clear timeline (say a Gant Chart), showing how Zambia shall phase out leaded gasoline. It was explained that only after the concept paper has been presented could a strategy, which would address the timeline, would be put in place. The farming fraternity wanted some assurances that in an event that they go into sugarcane and sweet sorghum growing, there would be a market. It went without much emphasis, however, that as long as there is a policy framework, farmers would be assured because there would be a ready market locally as well as internationally. It was observed that despite existence of big oil marketing companies in Zambia, none is lobbying against the move towards ethanol-based gasoline blending. Further, particularly for the visitors, participants felt that the Zambian Government is supportive of these developments. It now only remains for the other actors to play there part. 4.2.4 Financial and Enterprise Development 4.2.4.1 Renewable Energy for Productive Use as Means of Poverty Alleviation

By Prof. F. D. Yamba, CEEEZ, Zambia Summary The presentation (Appendix U) aimed to make a link between renewable energy and its use in productive activities leading to poverty alleviation. The presenter highlighted examples of the failure of some renewable energy applications which failed due to lack of the linkage with productive activities, particularly for solar home systems. Unfortunately, sustainability of such income generating activities has been hampered by lack of modern energy services for either motive power (mechanical and electrical) or processing. The presenter emphasised the need for capacity to assess appropriate technologies, also taking into account project economics. A case study was given where a farmer growing maize, cotton and sunflower during the rainy season, and tomatoes potatoes and cabbages

17

during the dry season under irrigation. It was found that the compared to a PV system, wind technology was better in terms of less payback period, although the PV system was still competitive. Issues Arising With the observation that Zambia imports almost all renewable technologies (PV, wind, hydro and biomass based), there was a recommendation that the country should consider moving towards local manufacture of at least some components. Regarding wind energy, the low wind speeds in Zambia (less that 3m/s, average) were considered as a set back to its use. An example, however, was given of the Conservation Farming Unit in Chisamba where Zimbabwean made windmills are being used for irrigation. 4.2.4.2 AREED Model for Supporting Energy Enterprises

By Mrs. Lilian M. Zulu, CEEEZ, Zambia Summary In this presentation (Appendix V), a financing model was given. It was developed for the UNEP-driven programme called AREED, which seeks to develop new sustainable energy enterprises that use clean, efficient and renewable energy technologies to meet energy needs of the underserved populations, thereby reducing the environmental and health consequences of existing energy use patterns. The programme is being undertaken in 5 African countries, to include Zambia. Being carried out by CEEEZ in Zambia, the AREED initiative has scored the following successes:

• Since 2000, Training of 250+ entrepreneurs on business planning and enterprise development

• More than $170,000 invested in 6 enterprises • Provision of EDS to farmers

However, a number of challenges exist, which need to be addressed in order to improve the programme’s performance. In conclusion, the presenter said that the model has proved that energy enterprises may be run profitably. There is, however, need for an innovative financing mechanism especially for enterprise development services and seed capital. Issues Arising The underpinning problem with investment in the rural energy sector is the high cost of capital obtaining in most developing countries. The problem is compounded by lack of co-lateral by the recipient communities. This to a great extent has led to lending institutions to shun such investment, coupled with the fact that this is not a financially proven business sector in Zambia. For the AREED programme, however, the gathering was informed that only modest investments of between US$5,000 and US$250,000 can be made, with no collateral. What

18

matters is evaluation of the robustness of the business, personal integrity. Those who default would be taken to court. 4.2.4.3 The Zambia PV ESCOs Project

By Anders Arvidson (SEI) and Mr. Geoffrey Musonda (DoE) Summary This presentation (Appendix W) was preceded by a video showing the ESCO programme in Eastern Province covering Lundazi, Chipata and Nyimba districts. The video showed how the local people were trained in installations and servicing of PV units. The main objectives of the project to develop an institutional model (organisations, financing, training, individual capabilities, quality control, values etc) for involving private, rural based entrepreneurs in energy service delivery. PV is one amongst many existing and emerging technology options that could be used in rural electrification. Some of the achievements are establishment of 3 ESCOs, techncians and adminstative staff trained, 400 households as clients (2,400 people), children doing homework, small business extended hours, and improved social life. There are, however, challenges which make it difficult to run the ESCOs smoothly, particularly the perceived high tariffs. Since this was a donor-driven project, efforts are being made to transfer ownership from Government to the ESCOs. In order to run the PV systems commercially will require increased clientel. In concluion, the presenters reiterated the need for investment capital, with consideration of subsidies using an appropriete financing model. Issues Arising Asked if there are plans to produce PV panels locally, the presenters said no. This was because there was need to consider a lot of factors which include political decisions and markets. The interesting point is that while there was so much talk about the cost of PV, there was no corresponding talk on electrification using hydropower. Ultimately, rural electrification could be considered to be highly political. It was, however, recommended that there was need to carry out comparative studies on the actual cost per connection for PV compared with hydropower. There was much concern about the quality and safety of the PV installations. With the presence of the ERB, however, it was confirmed that the body regulates PV installtions using a Code of Practice following laid out standards. 4.2.4.4 REEEP Energy Financiers Network

By Mr. Gregg Austin, AGAMA, South Africa Summary The final presentation (Appendix X) covered the operations of REEEP, the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership, which is a coalition of progressive governments, businesses and organisations committed to accelerating the development of renewable and energy efficiency systems (REES). Its key areas of focus are policy and regulation, financing

19

renewable energy and energy efficiency, and awareness. The idea for the network developed from the REEEP preparatory meeting that took place in July 2003. Several financiers with an interest in renewable energy attended. In conclusion, the presenter said that the 2 year REEEP support for coordination activities has seen growth in network members. It is an active self supporting network with calls for project proposals 2005 amounting to €1million. 4.2.5 General Discussions Specific to Zambia, a question was posed as to if the country has a policy or programme on bio-energy. It was explained that the government has a general energy policy, but not specific acts relating to bioenergy. Some participants expressed reservations to use of food crops for energy production as this would endanger the food security of the country. The concern was addressed by saying that policies can govern the operationalisation of bio-energy programmes. An example was given of South Africa where it is not allowed to use maize for ethanol production. In certain instances where a product (like sugar) is produced in excess, it is acceptable to either export the sugar or make alcohol from sugar juice. In the case of Zambia, the proposed bio-fuel crops (sugarcane, sweet sorghum and jatropha) are not expected to compete with food. 4.2.6 Closing In closing, the host, Prof. Yamba thanked all the participants, local and international, for their valuable contribution during the two days. He encouraged as many as possible to go for a field trip to Nakambaka Sugar Estate, courtesy of Illovo. The project manager, Maurice Pigaht attributed the success of the workshop to the broad, multi-sectoral attendance and the strong local interest. Mr. Pigaht particularly thanked Prof. Yamba and CEEEZ for the excellent preparation work done- both in the administration of the workshop, but also in mobilizing the key stakeholders, experts and decision-makers in Zambia. 5.0 MINISTER’S DINNER POLICY DIALOGUE MEETING As part of the objectives of the PFA project, the Zambian Partner, CEEEZ, organised a special high level meeting with ministers, in form of a dinner at TAJ Pamodzi Hotel, Lusaka, on Tuesday, 14th December 2004. The dinner policy dialogue meeting started at 19:30hrs and ended at 22:30hrs. This was done during the time the second National Stakeholders Workshop was taking place. The objective of the meeting was to disseminate the objectives of PFA, and results thus far attained by the project. Focus was made on the role of biofuels in poverty alleviation. This was done with a view of influencing the policy making process. In attendance were 4 full cabinet ministers and one deputy minister (see Appendix A). Due to the importance of the meeting, Chairpersons and Directors of relevant Government Autonomous Scientific/ Quasi-scientific bodies were invited by the focal point ministry (MSTVT). Other attendees were the PFA Partners from Africa and Europe.

20

Appendix Y shows the full report of the proceedings. 6.0 FIELD VISIT TO ZAMBIA SUGAR PLC, MAZABUKA The third day of the workshop programme was dedicated to a field trip to Zambia Sugar Plc, Nakambala Sugar Estates, which has been in existence for over 20 years. It is located in Mazabuka, a town about 125km south of Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia. Fifteen people travelled. Since the plant was off-season at the time, the visitors could only tour the agriculture side. However, upon arrival at the Estate, the visitors were shown a presentation by the Manager Corporate Affairs. The presentation highlighted the background, and current operations of the company. Until 2000 when Illovo bought it, the estate was owned by Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC). While the annual sugar production of the plant is 230,000t, the national demand is 120,000t. The plant operates for 8 months (April – December). Despite having a 27,000t preferential allocation under the EU, there is still surplus sugar. Should production of ethanol came on stream, such surplus would cease to be a burden, but could be converted to ethanol for blending with gasoline. Primarily, a by-product, molasses, could also be used to produce ethanol. At the moment, Zambia Sugar produces 54,000t/a, most of which is exported due to the low demand in Zambia. On the agriculture side, the tour guide was the Agriculture Manager. In total, the estate has 17,000ha, out of which 12,000ha falls under Zambia Sugar Plc. The rest comes from outgrower schemes which include private farmers and a group of 164 small-scale farmers collectively called KASCOL. In order to ensure quality control, Zambia Sugar provides technical assistance to the outgrowers. One of the challenges is the high cost of water as the sugarcane grows partly under irrigation. The annual rainfall for Mazabuka is about 800mm, but the crop requires 1800mm. The shortfall is met by irrigation, the water of which comes from the nearby Kafue River. From the presentation, it was learnt that the cane-sugar ratio is 1:8. Among the Illovo estates in the four countries, Nakambala has the highest production where sugar cutters produce 8.8tc/day/person. This could partly be attributed to the very tall sugarcane stalks compared to other countries. The sugar production plant has a capacity of 400tc/hr, representing 1400tsugar / week. The stalks of the cane are used as a renewable energy fuel (bagasse). Thus, from sugarcane comes sugar, and steam, which can be used for process heat and electricity in a co-generation system. Currently, the power plant capacity is 10MW, which barely meets the factory energy demand. The total estate energy demand is 19MW. If the CEST technology is employed, it is expected that the power output would increase to between 40 to 60MW. This means that at least 20MW surplus power would be exported to the national grid. Nakambala says it has plans to increase the capacity, but awaits for government policy that would improve the tariff levels. In conclusion, the presentation showed how socially responsible Zambia Sugar is. In fact it was learnt the in 2003, the company received the 1st Prize as Zambia’s Most Socially Responsible Company of the Year. Examples of social activities were shown, to include health related, infrastructure and training/schools. The company also promotes environmental management programmes.

21

APPENDIX A WORKSHOP PROGRAMME – PARTNERS FOR AFRICA

AGENDA FOR WORKSHOP ON

Policy Dialogue on Biofuels, Renewable Energy for Public Health, and Enterprise Development

Agenda

Mulungushi International Conference Centre, Lusaka, 14-15 December 2004

DAY 1, TUESDAY, 14th DECEMBER 2004

08:30 – 09:00 Registration Workshop Secretariat

INTRODUCTION

O. Kalumiana, Director, Department of Energy

09:00 – 09:30 Welcoming remarks H. SPRIETSMA, Head of EC Delegation in Zambia

09:30 – 09:45 Introduction and objectives WIP-ETA, CEEEZ, SEI

09:45 – 10:15 LAMNET, CARENSA and Sparknet WIP-ETA, SEI, ITDG

10:15 – 10:45 Tea/Coffee

ENERGY POLICY INITIATIVES

10:45 – 11:15 Govt. Policy Position on Biofuels and Renewable Energy G. Musonda, DoE

11:15 – 11:45 The EU Energy Initiative and the EU Energy Facility V. Stehlik, EUEI

11:45 – 12:15 - OPEN DISCUSSION - All

12:15 – 13:15 Lunch

RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION

13:15 – 13:45 Exploring the Links Between Rural Energy, Health and SME Development G. Austin, AGAMA

13:45 – 14:15 Opportunities for commercial agriculture to link renewable energy to sustainable development, and social responsibility initiatives

D. Tomlinson, Illovo

14:15 – 14:45 Biomass Energy Conservation – a "healthy" issue? C. Messinger, PROBEC

14:45 – 15:15 Towards Sustainable Reductions in Indoor Air Pollution in Poor Countries T. Sanchez, ITDG

15:15 – 15:45 Tea/Coffee

15:45 – 16:15 ECOSAN – Sustainable Water Management and Biogas Production J. Selke, DENORCO

16:15 – 16:45 - OPEN DISCUSSION - All

16:45 – 17:15 POLICY UPDATE : Results from the consultative workshop : “Developing a new SIDA Energy Policy” A. Arvidson, SEI

22

DAY 2, WEDNESDAY, 15th DECEMBER 2004

09:00 – 09:30 Renewable Energy and Health – Senegal Case Studies S. Wade, ENDA

OPPORTUNITIES FOR LIQUID BIOFUELS

09:30 – 10:00 Biofuels feedstock requirements Dr. K. Munyinda, UNZA

10:00 – 10:30 Gasoline Blending Options K. Kangende, ERB

10:30 – 11:00 Opportunities and Challenges for Ethanol Production and Use Prof. F D Yamba, CEEEZ

11:00 – 11:30 Tea/Coffee

11:30 – 12:00 Current Stakeholders Perspectives and Thinking on Ethanol Production and Use Dr. M. Macwani

12:00 – 12:30 Opportunities and Challenges for Biodiesel Production and Use E. Matsika, CEEEZ

12:30 – 13:00 - OPEN DISCUSSION - All

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch

FINANCING AND ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

14:00 – 14:30 Renewable Energy for Productive use as a means of Poverty Alleviation Prof. F. D. Yamba, CEEEZ

14:30 – 15:00 AREED Model for Supporting Energy Enterprises L. Zulu, AREED/CEEEZ

15:00 – 15:30 ESCO Experience on Solar Home Systems in Zambia M. Banda, ESCO-Lundazi

15:30 – 16:00 Tea/Coffee

16:00 – 16:30 PV in development – Financial Aspects A. Arvidson, SEI

16:30 – 17:00 Outcomes from the Energy Financiers Network meeting G. Austin, AGAMA

17:00 – 17:30 - OPEN DISCUSSION - All

17:30 – 17:45 Closing Remarks CEEEZ

DAY 3, THURSDAY, 16th DECEMBER 2004

FIELD VISIT TO ZAMBIA SUGAR, MAZABUKA

08:00 Departure for Mazabuka All

10:00 – 13:00 Field visit programme starts at Zambia sugar J. Moult, Managing Director

23

APPENDIX B LIST OF ATTENDEES NAME ORGANISATION TITLE CONTACT INFORMATION ORGANISATION’S ACTIVITIES

Mr. Allan A. Phiri

National Technology Business Centre (NTBC)

Manager – Technology and Marketing

P. O. Box 51310RW, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-222355 Fax: +260-1-222370 Email: aphirib@yahoo.co.uk

Consultancy, technology transfer and technology acquisition in all areas; mainly targeting small and medium scale enterprises; low cost sources of energy are of great important to NTBC

Dr. Kalaluka Munyinda

University of Zambia

Head – Dept. of Crop Science

P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka Tel/Fax: +260-1-295655

Teaching, research and consultancy in agricultural related subjects

Dr. Henry Sprietsma Delegation of the European Commission

Head of Delegation

Tel: +260-1-250711 Email: Henry.Sprietsma@cec.eu.int

Represents EU interests in Zambia, mainly managing development support

Mr. Rodger S. Phiri Peasant and Small Scale Farmers Association

President

P. O. Box 37398, Lusaka. Or Farm No. 3769 Mukonchi Tobacco Scheme P. O. Box 57, Kabwe Email: rodgersaidephiri@yahoo.com

Small scale farmers organisation involved in lobbying and advocacy to government as well as farmer mobilisation to access agricultural credit and inputs supply to peasant and small scale farmers in the country.

Dr. Christoph Messinger

GTZ – PROBEC SADC

Regional Coordinator

GTZ Office, Zambia Lusaka. Email: Christoph.Messinger@gtz.de

• Promotion of BEC technologies and techniques support to BEC policy development

• Regional exchange on BEC

Mr. Kenneth O. Kangende

Energy Regulation Board (ERB)

Director – Infrastructure and Operations

P. O. Box 37631, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-236002 / 97-631905 Fax: +260-1-236003 Email: kkangende@erb.org.zm

Regulation of the energy sector

24

Mr. James Simooya Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

Animal Production Officer

Dept. of Research and Specialist Services P. O. Box 50060 Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-250274/252608 Fax: +260-1-252608 Email: simooya@yahoo.com

Provision of agricultural services: extension, training, research, veterinary services, agricultural policy, marketing and cooperatives, land use planning.

Dr. Charles. K. Wamukwamba

University of Zambia

Acting Dean, School of Engineering

School of Engineering UNZA P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-293791 Fax: +260-1-293792 Email: wamukwamba@eng.unza.zm

Teaching, research and consultancy in mechanical engineering and related courses

Mr. Geoffrey Musonda

Ministry of Energy and Water Development

Acting Assistant Director

Department of Energy P. O. Box 51254 Lusaka Tel: +260-1-254686/251337 Fax: +260-1-252339/254491 Email: doe@zamnet.zm

Policy formulation and implementation on energy issues

Mr. Lovemore Sievu Zambia Sugar Plc Corporate Affairs Manager

P. O. Box 670240 Tel: +260-97-771129 Fax: +260-1-300012 Email: lsievu@zamsugar.zm

Sugarcane growing, sugar production and marketing

Mr. Michael M. Mulasikwanda

Ministry of Energy and Water Development

Energy Management Officer

Department of Energy P. O. Box 51254 Lusaka Tel: +260-1-251819/254491 Fax: +260-1-252339 Email: doe@zamnet.zm

Coordination, of national energy planning, research and policy formulation on energy issues

Mr. Julius P. Daka Environmental Council of Zambia

Acting Director /Manager – Planning and Environmental Management

Corner of Suez and Church Roads P. O. Box 35131 Lusaka Tel: +260-1-254023/59 Fax: +260-1-254164 Email: jdaka@necz.org.zm

Coordination of environmental management, enforce regulations to prevent and control environmental pollution.

25

Mr. Nico de Lange Denorco (pty) Ltd Sales Director

13 Engewena Rd, Endenvale Tel: +27-11-609 4150 Fax: +27-11-609 2417 Email: nioodel@denorco.com

Pump manufacturers

Dr. Samuel Banda Consolidated Farming Ltd (CFL)

Technical Advisor

C/o Sable Transport, Mosque Road, Makeni, Lusaka Tel: +260-97-891351/771390 Email: sbanda@natsci.unza.zm

• Agro based sugar growing at Nampundwe

• Processing of sugar into crystal sugar • Essential by products like molasses • Potential to produce ethanol

Mr. Alec Malichi UNZA Lecturer

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering School of Engineering Box 32379, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-290979 Fax: +260-1-293792 Email: alec_malichi@yahoo.co.uk

Teaching, research and consultancy in electrical and electronics engineering and related courses

Dr. Muyoba Macwani

Njuwe Consultants Ltd CEO

Box 32128, Lusaka Mobile: +260-95-814608 Email: mmacwani@yahoo.com

Consultancy in energy and environment

Mr. Dominic J. Mbewe CEEEZ Director

P/Bag E721, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-243619 Fax: +260-1-240267 Mobile: +260-97-882295 Email: ceeez@coppernet.zm

Studies and consultancy in energy, environment and engineering

Dr. Maria Morales Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)

Research Associate

Box 2142, S-10314 Stockholm, SWEDEN Tel: +49-8-412109 Fax: +49-8-7230348 Email: maria.morales@sei.se

Focus on energy systems and socio-economic aspects relevant to development

26

Prof. Francis. D. Yamba CEEEZ Director

P/Bag E721, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-243619 Fax: +260-1-240267 Email: ceeez@coppernet.zm / yamba@eng.unza.zm

Studies and consultancy in energy, environment and engineering

Mr. Emmanuel Matsika CEEEZ Associate

P/Bag E721, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-243619 Fax: +260-1-240267 Email: ceeez@coppernet.zm / ematska@yahoo.com

Studies and consultancy in energy, environment and engineering

Dr. Jeremy Woods Imperial College London / Themba Ltd

Research Fellow

EPMG / DEST Imperial College London RSM BLDG, Prince Consort Road London, SW 7 2BP, UK Tel: +44-20-75947315 Fax: +44-20-75949332 Email: jeremy.woods@imperial.ac.uk

• Research in low carbon energy • Renewable energy for development • Sustainable land use

Mr. Johannes Selle Denorco (pty) Ltd Manager

13 Engewena Rd, Endenvale Tel: +27-11-609 4150 Fax: +27-11-609 4224 Email: jahanness@denorco.com

Pump manufacturers Eco-san vacuum sewerage

Mr. Paolo Ciccarelli E. C. Delegation Civil Engineering Adviser

C/o E. C. Delegation Plot 4999, Los Angeles Boulevard, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-251140 Email: paolo.ciccarelli@cec.eu.int

Mr. Maurice Pigaht WIP Project Manager

Sylvensteinstr 2 81369, Munich, Germany Tel: +49 – 89 720 12724 Fax: +49 – 89 720 12797 Email: maurice.pigaht@wip-munich.de

Renewable energy projects and events

Mr. Clint Kombe ZESCO

Principal Mechanical Engineer – South

P. O. Box 33304, Lusaka, Zambia. Tel: +260-97-713830 Fax: +260-1-225291 clintkom@yahoo.com

Power generation and distribution

27

Mr. Mwembe Sichula EU Delegation Programmes Officer

4899, Los Angeles Boulevard, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-250711 Fax: +260-1-251140 Email: mwembe.sichula@cec.eu.int

Project management of social sectors programmes/projects

Mr. Mallikarjun Praj Indusries Ltd Vice President

P. O. 650847 Benmore 2010 South Africa. Tel: +27-72 390 6143 Fax: +27-11 883 8297 Email: Praj.joburg@mweb.co.za

Technology, engineering plant and equipment for bio-ethanol industry

Mr. Greg Austin AGAMA Energy Engineer

P. O. Box 4 Lynedoch, 7603 South Africa Tel: +27-21 785 1398 Fax: +27-21 785 1398 Email: greg@agama.co.za

Renewable energy consultancy and bioenergy project implementation

Mr. Fordson Nyirenda

Central Board of Health

Environmental Health Specialist

P. O. Box 32588 Ndeke House Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-253179 to 81 Fax: +260-1-253173 Email: fnyirenda@cboh.org.zm

Specific: Environmental health and other public health functions

Mr. Richard Mfumu Lungu

Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources

Senior Natural Resources Management Officer.

P. O. Box 34011 Kwacha House Lusaka Tel: + 260-1-229417 Fax: + 260-1-222189/229417 Email: mfumurichard@yahoo.co.uk

Providing policy framework on environment and natural resource management in Zambia

Mr. Mferson Sinalungu Post Newspaper Reporter

P/Bag E352 Tel: +260-97-793838 Fax: +260-1-229271 Email: ansinalungu@yahoo.co.uk

28

Mr. Calvin Kasanda Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry

Chief Planner

P. O. Box 31968, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-226984 Fax: +260-1-226727 Email: ckasanda@mcti.gov.zm

Public institution in charge of commercial, trade and industrial policy advocacy and implementation.

Mr. Wilcliff Sakala EU Delegation Press and Information Officer

Tel: +260-1-250711 Email: wilcliff.sakala@cece.eu.int

The delegation represents the EU in Zambia, as well as EU regional projects in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA). Mainly, the delegation manages EU development assistance.

Mr. Francis Xavier M. Laskishima

Oxfan Centre for Environment and Tourism

Projects Coordinator

P. O. Box 30125 Lusaka Tel: +260-1-250603 Email: oxfansafaris@yahoo.co.uk

Provide information and tours on the environment, culture and tourism to the youths, both locally and internationally

Mrs. Silvia Vivarelli ETA-Renewable Energies

PIAZZA Savonarola 10 50132 Firenze, ITALY Tel: +39-500-5002174 Fax: +39-055-573929 Email: silvia.vivarelli@etaflorence.it

Provision of technical and consultancy services on renewable energies to both industrial and public sector

Mr. Abacar Ndiaye RADI Senegal Coordinator

P. O. Box 12085, Colobane, Dakar, Senegal Tel: +221-8243337 Fax: +221-8257536 Email: radi@sentoo.sn

Human right, health, fight against poverty, decentralisation and local governance

Mr. Yohane Mukabe Energy Regulation Board

Engineer – Electricity

P. O. Box 37631, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-236002 Fax: +260-1-236033 Email: ymukaba@erb.org.zm

Regulation of the energy sector in Zambia

Mr. Simataa M. Nakamboa

GTZ – Ecosan Team

Ecosan Advocate

GKW-Zambia Post.Net E891/Private Bag 333 Manda Hill Mobile: +260-96-755629 Email: simataa@lycosmail.com

Promotion of ecological sanitation (ECOSAN) activities and projects so as to help kerb the world water and sanitation crisis.

29

Mr. Muleya Haachiinda

National Association for Peasant and Small Scale Farmers of Zambia

General Secretary

P. O. Box 37398, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-244128 Email: haachinda@yahoo.com

Policy advocacy in agriculture

Mr. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

Principal Agriculture Engineer

MACO – Field Services Dept. Independence Avenue P. O. Box 50197, Lusaka Fax: +260-1-252869 Mobile: +260-95-756067

Mr. Anders Arvidson SIDA Email: anders.arvidson@sei.se

Mr. Denis Tomlinson Illovo

Corporate Affairs Development Manager

Illovo Sugar Limited PO Box 194, Durban, South Africa Illovo Sugar Park, 1 Montgomery Drive, Mount Edgecombe Tel: +27 31 508 4442 Fax: +27 31 508 4527 Cell: +27 83 231 4161 Email: DTomlinson@illovo.co.za Web: www.illovosugar.com

Sugarcane growing and sugar production

Dr. Vladimir Stehlik EUEI Director Development DG, European Commission Email: Vladimir.STEHLIK@cec.eu.int

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APPENDIX Y REPORT ON THE MINISTER’S DINNER POLICY DIALOGUE

MEETING HELD AT TAJ PAMODZI HOTEL, LUSAKA