report on internship

C

ASSESSMENT OF IMPROROVED SANITATION, HEALTH & HYGIENE PRACTICES OF

HOUSEHOLDS UNDER SANITATION PROJECT IN COASTAL VILLAGES

Shikhar Awasthi (PGDM-DS)

Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India) work in water and sanitation includes the construction of 7,300 toilets and access to safe and pure drinking water to nearly 29,000 households in rural Gujarat and Bihar. Through such interventions, the organization has been instrumental in reducing the drudgery of over 350,000 people.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE OF INDIA

SUMMER INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE (MAY – JUNE 2016) FOR EDI

This is to certify that Mr. Shikhar Awasthi

(Roll No.21), PGDM-DS student, Batch 2015-17, Entrepreneurship

Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad), has successfully completed his/her summer

Training (May – June 2016), as per following details:-

PROJECT TITLE “Assessment of Improved sanitation and Health & hygienic practices in coastal villages of Jamnagar & Junagadh districts of Gujarat under Sanitation Project.”

START DATE 1st May, 2016 END DATE 30th June, 2016

The project involved his / her working on (give brief project description that highlights the work done)

This project involved analysing the change in behavior pattern with a view to improve health and hygiene practices of family (i.e. Hand wash, Using soap, Material used for cleanliness of toilet). To analysis the changes in their practices in terms of toilet use and understand the opportunities and the Psychological perspective for not using the sanitation. To analysis the health expenditure of a family to understand how far our intervention reduces their expenditure on health.During the project, we found Mr. Shikhar Awasthi to be Done excellent work in order to fulfil the project objective. We wish him/her all success for his/her future.

Date 30th Jun,2016

Name : Mr. Parth Shah

Designation: MIS Officer (M & E point Person)

(ORGANIZATION / DEPARTMENT SEAL)

(NAME & SIGNATURE OF SIP FACULTY GUIDE)

Date _______________________

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I Shikhar Awasthi wish to express our sinner gratitude to Mr. Parth Shah of Management Information system officer Junagadh District, Gadu for providing an opportunity to do Internship in “Aga Khan Rural support programme India

I sincerely thanks Mr. Pankaj Dave (Regional Manager) & Mr. Ramesh Makwana (Project Manager) for their guidance and encouragement in caring out this Internship. I also wish to express my gratitude to the other staff member of “Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India” who rendered their help during the project on Sanitation, Health & Hygiene of my Internship. I would also like to thank Dr. Manoj Mishra and Dr. Dinesh Jain, who was my mentor’s and their support in my project.

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Table of Content:

Sr.no. Particulars Page no.

1. Introduction 04

2. Literature Review 05

3. Objective of study 06

4. Study Methodology 07

5. Findings & Analysis 10

6. Conclusions 23

7. Problems faced while making a short documentary

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8. Learnings 25

9. Annexure 26

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1. Introduction

AKRSP (I) is working for rural development and it operates across three states and district. Organization’s ambition is enable the empowerment of rural communities and groups. Particularly the underprivileged and women, to take control and managed the environment, to create better and more equitable society. The major interventions of AKRSP (I) is related to agriculture, watershed development, livelihood, health hygiene and sanitation for the promotion of rural poor, especially they are focusing on sanitation from 2014. The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) has been awarded the Times of India Social Impact Award 2015, in the NGO environment category, for its effort in ensuring access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Bihar and Gujarat. AKRSP was a joint winner with the Jal Bhagirathi Foundation, which is involved in water rejuvenation through community interventions.

AKRSP’s work in water and sanitation includes the construction of 7,300 toilets and access to safe and pure drinking water to nearly 29,000 households in rural Gujarat and Bihar. Through such interventions, the organization has been instrumental in reducing the drudgery of over 350,000 people. The program began in 1998 when it became clear that, in addition to its work on improving agricultural practices in Gujarat, AKRSP needed to address persistent issues of drinking water supplies and related health issues. It pioneered community-based water management, under “Pani Samiti”, or water committees, which help fund repairs and maintenance.

The Government of India’s Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) aims to provide toilets to all rural households by the end of the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012). The TSC program is implemented across the country in 606 districts of 30 states and Union Territories. In Gujarat online progress monitoring of TSC for 12 districts showed impressive sanitation coverage in the year 2010. Nevertheless, there were concerns that the usage of sanitation facilities was not increasing alongside the expanded coverage. Also independent assessments that have been conducted by various agencies indicated that home sanitation coverage in those districts was much less than that reported online. It was essential to undertake a systematic exercise to validate the data on access and use of sanitation facilities, and understand the reasons for the differences. Field Data Validation (FDV) for TSC was carried out in 12 districts of Gujarat, jointly by the Water and Sanitation Management Organization (WASMO) and District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) during the period 2008-2010.

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2. Literature Review

Mahatma Gandhi preached and practiced sanitation as a way of life and desired that other follow it. Total sanitation and hygiene was one of the themes of Mahatma during the freedom struggle of India. He also led a movement to free the manual scavengers from job of cleaning bucket type latrines by introducing better sanitation options. Rural Gujarat is known to have poor malnutrition levels. Malnutrition and sanitation are both interrelated. A new National Sample Survey Organization report has suggested that the state’s performance in providing sanitation to its rural population is not up to the mark.

In a major revelation, the new National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) report, “Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India”, released in December 2013, has found that Gujarat’s performance in providing sanitary and hygienic conditions to its rural population is not progressing well enough. In fact, if the data are indication, Gujarat’s performance on this score cannot be said to considered “vibrant” in any sense. The NSSO survey data suggest that Gujarat is an average performer, especially on issues related with sanitation. If the report is to be believed, a whopping 58.7 per cent of the rural households of Gujarat have no access to toilets – which means that majority of the rural population goes into the open for defecation.

Another indicator of poor sanitation is, according to the NSSO data, Gujarat is one of the worst data suggest that only 26.1 per cent of the rural households had access to drainage facility, as against the national average of 31.7 per cent of the rural households. t performers in providing drainage facilities to its rural households. According to the NSSO report.

The state has declared year 2007 as Nirmal Gujarat.& also taken note of the success of TSC. Stae has provided additional budgetary support for rural sanitation and cleanliness programme during Nirmal Gujarat year. The Nirmal Gujarat programme has boosted TSC, which will help in early completion of project by one year. The Coverage of rural sanitation in Gujarat has increased from 22 % (census 2001) to 56 % indicating annual increase from 1% to 15%.

On-line review formats, introduced under the Total Sanitation Campaign, with suitable modifications include the additional features under the Nirmal Gujarat. The monthly progress of activity is regularly entered online. A concurrent evaluation is done through teams of officials from other districts. Besides, a vigorous third party evaluation is already in place whereby agencies from outside the state, selected by the Department of D. W. S. Ministry of Rural Development, GoI physically visit all the applicant villages and evaluate them for the award of the Nirmal Gram Puruskar. The Taluka facilitating NGOs active in villages monitor the activities of IEC and cleanliness. A third party monitoring system is also in place for support and concurrent monitoring.

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3. Objective of study

Assessment of improved sanitation, health and hygienic practices of households under sanitation project in coastal villages of Junagadh district, Gujarat. Sanitation is very important and necessary in rural areas. Sanitation is one of the basic determinants of quality of life and Human development Index. Keeping in mind of importance of sanitation we have some objective-

- To assess the socio-economic status of the beneficiaries under sanitation project.

- To measure the practices related to use of toilets, hand wash, using soap, material used for cleaning toilet.

- To analyze the health expenditure of a family to understand how far the interventions reduces their expenditure on health.

4. Area of the studyThis study is going to conduct in Junagadh and Jamnagar district, state Gujarat. In Junagadh I do study in Mangrol in this block there are three villages which I choose (kotada, shepa, karamdi). To see that who are using toilets more than 5 years, if they have toilet then check their psychology that still they are using open defecation and why? Or to see the current situation of toilet.

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5. Study Methodology Major objective is to do feasibility study in depth to understand the psychology of the households using toilets 5 years or more than that. The data collection, discussion, data analysis, contributed the major part of the study. Different stage of methodology is used for this study; first start with prepare research proposal, then interview of household through interview schedule method. Moving ahead with understand their psychology and attitude of the villagers for those who are using toilets last 5 years or more than that. All primary data collection was possible through questionnaire, Focus group discussion should also be part of this study. Through FGD understand mentality of men and women about sanitation.

5.1 Sources of Data

5.1.1 Primary DataThe data for study primarily going to be collect in the district of Junagadh and Jamnagar. Interview schedule is going to be used for data collection and focus group discussion is also the tool for the primary data. Then from these data use sampling techniques to clearly identify. Done meeting with individual stakeholders like meeting with ASHA worker in kotada village with Aganwadi worker ‘Kanchan Ben’.

5.1.2 Secondary DataSecondary data need to be relevant and important for this study. Data regarding sanitation and hygiene in Junagadh and Jamnagar. Role of AKRSPI and other institutions or NGO’s, data will be collected by secondary reliable and accessible sources. Secondary data is helpful for justify the validity of primary data and generalize the study in broader perspective. I have collect villages data and some background information. In village data collect total population then from population find out percentage of target audience and then divide it in caste

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Observation- Visit to the villages- Visit to The AKRSPI

office and around 102 households

- Visit 102 households to look or see that toilet facility is available in every community

- If there then to see condition of toilets.

Data collection-Interview-Discussions- Secondary data collection for major schemes and programmes has been collected

5.2 Method of Data collection

5.2.1 InterviewIt is the most important tool for primary data collection. After preparation of the elaborative interview schedule with help of the expert people, I will use it for the data collection in the village. I will collect data from the six villages because in these villages there are still problem regarding of sanitation still in six villages there are some households having facility of toilet but condition not in very good condition, still some households family at night prefer to go in open defecation. It will give me proper picture about the village and I can understand these villages very well.

5.2.2 Focus Group DiscussionA focus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members. I organized with 2 staff member of AKRSPI focus group discussion in two taluk in mangrol . In mangrol , district Junagadh, village kotada on 20th may 2016 in which men’s participated 16 and women’s participated 15.

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5.3 Study Design

5.3.1 Stratified Random sampling

The proposed study will be focusing the Mangrol of sanitation, health and hygiene practice of household. In Mangrol total population of 3 villages 1055 with a 95% confidence level, a total 102 samples across 3 villages in total population, target audience, Caste divide will be done proportionate to their respective population to get a representative data.

Mangrol sample

Village name Population Target audience SampleShepa 350 95 34Karmadi 307 80 34Kotada 398 100 34

In 3 villages total population is given then in these population found my target audience who are using toilet from last 5 years or more than, and then took sample 34 from each villages randomly which is called stratified random sampling. This target audience I got from AKRSPI data or report as it is a secondary data for me.

See the population distribution and divide my sample by village accordingly. Within village I opt for caste-wise breakup of people using toilet for more than 5 years for stratification not education wise, and I had taken randomly survey on households.

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6 Findings & Analysis –

6.1 Correlation between Education and Traditional culture follow

education

traditional culture

follow

Education Pearson Correlation 1 .173

Sig. (2-tailed) .082

N 102 102

traditional culture follow Pearson Correlation .173 1


N 102 102

In a given table, Pearson correlation is .173, which shows that there is a positive relation between education & traditional culture follow. It means that educated people still believe in traditional culture like Bad smell, Toilet should not be constructed near house, Toilet should be clean by particular caste and maximum educated households believe in bad smell.

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6.2 Correlation between Education and Toilet in house improves surrounding environment

Education

Toilet in house

improves surrounding

env.

Education Pearson Correlation 1 -.030


N 102 102

Toilet in house improves surrounding

env.

Pearson Correlation -.030 1


N 102 102

In a given table, there is a correlation between education & toilet house improves surrounding environment. So, Pearson correlation between them is -0.30, which shows that negative relation between them. It happens because in sample some educated and some illiterate people are not aware that toilet improves surrounding environment. They have a toilet but no idea about this which shows there mentality not changed.Here I had taken less sample from graduate or masters household from masters taken only 2 samples and taken sample from primary, illiterate or higher secondary household because I had randomly taken sample.

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6.3 Correlation between Education and Households liquid not properly disposed

Education

HHs liquid waste

not properly

disposed



N 102 102

HHs liquid waste not properly

disposed

Pearson Correlation .026 1


N 102 102

In a given table, correlation between Education & Households liquid waste not properly disposed. Pearson correlation is 0.26 which is positive relation between them. It shows that either illiterate person or some educated people cannot properly disposed waste water. They throw either outside their house or throw anywhere. Even educated people not throw waste water at proper place not all but some mentality not changed.

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6.4 Correlation between Education and Important time hand wash

education

important Time

hand wash

Education Pearson Correlation 1 -.035


N 102 102

Important time hand wash Pearson Correlation -.035 1


N 102 102

In the given table correlation between education & important time hand wash Pearson correlation -0.35, which is showing negative relation between them. It means that some people wash their hands after defecation , some people wash after defecation and before eating and some of them wash after defecation, before eating and before cooking. This table showing that from higher secondary there is some improvement in washing hands but a person who has done graduation wash their hands after defecation & before eating but not wash their hands before cooking , in masters there is sample only one households that house wash hands after defecation, before eating and before cooking. In primary, illiterate, secondary people have some households wash their hands like person who done masters. Still focus on some educated households who don’t wash their hands after defecation, before eating and before cooking. I had taken sample from primary, illiterate, secondary and less sample from graduate and masters.

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In the given, it is showing graph it is showing number of households between Castes and important time hand wash of three villages important time hand wash After defecation, before eating and before cooking . If we see that vankar community wash their hands properly but Rajput and Muslims community some households are aware about hand wash at important time. Koli community they are going good and higher number as compare with Muslims and Rajput but less than vankar. Still main focus should be on Muslims community they have a toilet they wash their hands but not properly which may cause unhygienic or infection for them and somehow focus should be on Rajput community as there graph in after defecation, before eating is higher but to aware them so there number of households may increase in after defecation, before eating and before cooking.

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koli muslim rajput vankar0

5

10

15

20

25Compare Castes & Important time hand wash

6.5 Correlation between Education & Total Medical Expenditure

Total Medical

Expenditure Education

Total Medical

Expenditure

Pearson Correlation 1 -.148


N 102 102

Education Pearson Correlation -.148 1


N 102 102

In the above table it is showing that there is negative relation between total medical expenditure and education i.e. -1.48, this relation showing that either higher secondary educated people or graduate in village expending less expenses in health because they do either there treatment at their houses or if anyone of their family members fall sick they go for treatment in government hospital and take proper medicine on time. And if we talk about illiterate or low educated people they expense high expenditure on medical or their health because either if they get fever so they go hospital but in hospital they may give expiry date medicine which they are unaware about that and after taking expiry date medicine they may get side effects which may cause diseases.

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6.6 Correlation between Education & ladle or Doya

education Ladle or (doya)



N 102 102

Ladle or (doya) Pearson Correlation .042 1


N 102 102

In this table it is showing that correlation between education and ladle or doya is .042 which is positive relation. It means that educated, primary, higher secondary or illiterate people using ladle or doya for drinking water but may be few households they are not using ladle or doya they directly deep their hands with glass and drink water which cause infection. This ladle or Doya question is observation question for me.

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6.7 Paired Sample Test

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N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 Bef .5yr open air

& Aft .5yr open air

102 -.028 .778

Pair 2 Bef .5yrToil concrete roof &

Aft .5yrToil concrete roof

102 .352 .000

Pair 3 Bef.5yr soap use to hand

wash & Aft.5yr soap use to

clean hand wash

102 .379 .000

Pair 4 Bef.5yr both soap & soil use

to hand wash & Aft.5yr both

soap & soil use to hand wash

102 .158 .113

Pair 5 Bef.5yr antiseptic liquid use

to clean toilet & Aft.5yr

antiseptic liquid use to clean

toilet

102 .178 .073

Pair 6 Bef.5yr brush and water use

to clean toilet & Aft.5yr brush

and water use to clean toilet

102 .216 .029

Pair 7 Bef. 5yr toilet everyday clean

& Aft.5yr everyday toilet clean

102 .134 .178

Pair 8 Bef .5yr toilet twice in week &

Aft.5yr twice in week toilet

clean

102 .115 .249

Pair 9 Bef .5yr toilet once in week

clean & Aft.5yr once in week

toilet clean

102 .279 .005

- Pair 1 - Before and After 5 year open air correlation is -0.28 which is not showing good result after sanitation project before sanitation project households going outside not an issue but after project having toilet at home still going outside because they have single pit latrine at home and having large number of family members using only single latrine at particular house.

- Pair 2 - If we talk about toilet roof which is concrete then Before and After 5 year it is somehow bad .352 but toilet roof should be thatch after sanitation project concrete roof is not good it may create problem or family members may face problems.

- Pair 3 - Using soap for hand wash .379 correlation between Before and After which is good, as this relation showing that villagers are aware that use soap and wash hands properly so they may not get any infections.

- Pair 4 - Using both soap & soil for hand wash relation is not good .158 because Before sanitation project using both soap & soil same and After project again some households using soap & soil is not showing good result.

- Pair 5 - Cleaning toilet with antiseptic liquids showing somehow good result .178 Before project they were used antiseptic liquids and after they are using this that means they clean toilet with proper way.

- Pair 6 - Cleaning toilet with brush & water Before project it may guess that some households were not aware but After project still some households using brush & water that not well. It means that they know to clean toilet but not using thing. Correlation is .216

- Pair 7 - Households using to clean toilet with antiseptic liquids or brush & water whatever they are using but they clean toilet everyday. Before and After showing .134 is somehow good but every household not cleaning toilet regularly because latrine bad smell as I already said that households believe in traditional culture.

- Pair 8 - As I already said every households not clean toilet everyday they clean toilet twice in week as relation is .115 Before project also clean toilet twice in week and After also clean. So it means lack of awareness and try to change their mentality to clean toilet everyday oreither some castes believe in traditional culture or may believe in particular caste clean toilet.

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- Pair 9 - Toilet clean once in week is not good as due to commode not clean infection may cause, relation .279 again here lack of awareness and behavior change is necessary.

6.8 Socio Economic-

graduate higher secondary

illiterate masters primary secondary

Column Labels

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Compare villages & Education

karmadi kotada shepa

In the graph it is showing comparison between village and education. It means that in particular village how many are graduate, illiterate, masters and etc. If we talk masters are 100% in kotada village compare with three villages, illiterate are equal in all three villages which may be due to financial problem at home or may be from childhood people started working in agriculture with their parents or other reasons. , Graduate are equal in karmadi and kotada village but in shepa it is little higher which all over showing people taking interest towards further studies.

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6.9 Compare between castes & type of house

koli muslim rajput vankar0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Castes & type of house

“Rural people, whose main occupation is agriculture, are more close to nature, have close personal ties of

kinship and friendship, and lay stress on tradition, consensus, and informality. The density of population in villages is so low that it not only affects production and distribution but also the

total life of the community and peoples’ living standard. Both birth rate and death rate are high in villages in comparison to cities which adversely affects the quantitative and the

qualitative growth of the rural people.”

“Reference” from Rural People: Family, Caste System and Religion, by Puja Mondal

In the graph comparison castes with type of house showing because it helps to identify that which castes live in which type of house, it also show there economic background. In this graph only koli and Muslims some community live in kuchcha house around 5% in koli and 25% in Muslims because not having land for agriculture so they earn a good amount of money and make a pucca house. But if we compare between Rajput and Vankar community then in Rajput around 65% live in pucca house which is higher in all four castes, as they come in upper castes

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6.10 Compare Education & Castes

graduate higher secondary

illiterate masters primary secondary0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Castes & Education

Castes play an important role in education field because in village upper castes get education till higher secondary or graduation, but other castes some take initiative to send their children at school but due to financial problem they not send for high education. Education level is good in Indian villages but ancient there was mentality between boys and girls. They give education to boys but for girls up to 6 th or 7th class after that learn how to cook because girls get marriage at earlier age. In this graph Masters have education in koli community and no others community having Master’s degree. In Rajput community there is high higher secondary educated people and on that higher illiterate people are also there, it shows that some houses take initiative to send their children at school but some due to social problems unable to send school. If we see that Muslims community only 2-3% are illiterate and rest are primary or secondary educated, because earlier it may be that Muslims they have not more money or in school no other castes are allowed so that’s why they live in kuchcha house and work as a laborer or work on small land of agriculture.

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7 Conclusion-

Adequate sanitation, together with good hygiene and safe water, are fundamental to good health and to social and economic development. That is why, in 2008, the Prime Minister of India quoted Mahatma Gandhi who said in 1923, “sanitation is more important than independence”. Improvements in one or more of these three components of good health can substantially reduce the rates of morbidity and the severity of various diseases and improve the quality of life of huge numbers of people, particularly children, in developing countries. This research focuses on sanitation, health & hygiene. It seeks to present on the provision of sanitation & hygiene. It was great experienced taken from Aga khan rural support programme in 2 months.

- If we see correlation between Education and household’s liquid properly disposed because it shows relation that educated person should properly disposed water at proper place but here they are somehow educated upto high school or intermediate but not properly disposed liquid.

- Correlation between Education and ladle or doya using for drinking water, pupose is that educated people know that how to take water with proper hand wash and in proper way. But here correlation between them is .042 which is positive relation. It means that educated, primary, higher secondary or illiterate people using ladle or doya for drinking water but may be few households they are not using ladle or doya they directly deep their hands with glass and drink water which cause infection.

- Correlation between Education and total medical expenditure is showing relation that if we think that a educated person spend low income on health because educated person first of all take care his health and family members drink good water, clean surrondings always throw or disposed garbage at a proper place in the table it is showing that there is negative relation between total medical expenditure and education i.e. -1.48, this relation showing that either higher secondary educated people or graduate in village expending less expenses in health because they do either there treatment at their houses or if anyone of their family members fall sick they go for treatment in government hospital and take proper medicine on time. And if we talk about illiterate or low educated people they expense high expenditure on medical or their health because either if they get fever so they go hospital but in hospital they may give expiry date medicine which they are unaware about that and after taking expiry date medicine they may get side effects which may cause diseases.

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- Now if we talk about paired sample test it take because in questionnaire there is a ‘before & after’ questions and it help to test each and individual households psychology before 5 year what they use for cleaning hands ,toilet clean instrument and etc. and after 5 year what they are using still they are using same thing as before 5 year they use or some changes happen, there are total 102 samples of households. In this households before project of “Swachch Bharat Abhiyan” they used to go outside because in some households there must be large number of family members, but still they are going outside after 5 year it means they have a latrine in their home but single pit due to financial problem they are not making double pit.

- In hand wash it is showing good result each castes some households use soap for proper hand wash, but there are some households who still using soap but with that using soil also as they said “sometimes they use soap and sometimes soil” from their point of view they think that soil can easily remove dirty things.

- Cleaning toilet paired sample test is not overall good before 5 year some households use antiseptic liquids and after also using this thing but some household’s still using brush and water or sometimes they use antiseptic liquids before 5 year they followed this and after 5 year still they are using this instrument.

- Those households who use antiseptic liquids clean toilet everyday but some of them clean twice a week as some of them follow that “particular castes should clean toilet means lower castes”. And those houses who sometimes use brush & water to clean toilet may clean twice in a week or once in week.

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8 Problems faced while making Short Documentary-

- It was great experienced by me to make a short documentary for Aga khan rural support programme (India), but when I started taking shots from first day till end the problem I faced communication.

- I had to make this documentary according to my objectives and it is a part of my objective, as I took shoots 4 villages in Saurashtra region where I faced language problem because my target audience which I had to take shots they were not ready to come in front of camera.

- I written different dialogues according to my target audience as I had to take bytes according age-wise, they were not understanding what I have written for them even I spoke them that these things you have to speak but they told something in front of camera.

- Then I took help Muslims community from all four villages one of them came and helped me because Muslims know Hindi and Guajarati, then somehow it worked.

- Not having good camera had also a problematic for me. I took all shots from mobile which was difficult to me to handle it properly.

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9 Learnings-

- Knowledge - Understanding about psychology of those who are using toilet 5 year or more than that.

- Understanding the context in Saurashtra region in sanitation project.- How the people still not aware about health & hygiene properly.

- Skills - Research tools and technique.- Community mobilization- Know to make documentary in other language.- To flexible in the behavior

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10 Annexure

Topic: Assessment of Improved Sanitation, Health and hygienic practices of households under Sanitation Project in coastal villages of Junagadh District, Gujarat

Objectives

1. To assess the socio-economic status of the beneficiaries under Sanitation Project.

2. To measure the practices related to use of toilets, hand wash, using soap, material used

for cleaning toilet.

3. To analyze the health expenditure of a family to understand how far the interventions

reduces their expenditure on health.

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Questionnaire

Assessment of Improved Sanitation, Health and hygienic practices of households under Sanitation Project in coastal villages of Junagadh District, Gujarat

Interview Schedule, May 2016District Name: ___________________ Taluk Name: __________________________

Panchayat Name: _______________ Village name: ________________

Objective 1: To assess the socio-economic status of the beneficiarie sunder sanitation project

Basic information

1. Respondent Name:______________________ 2. Age: 3. Sex:

2. Where did you stay?

1. In village or 2. Wadi area (Farm house)

3. Do you have any children under the age of 5?

1. Yes 2. No

4. No. of children below 5 years............................

5. Are there any members of the family above the age of 50? 1. Yes 2. No

6. No. of people above 50…………………

7. Is any member of the family is differently abled? 1. Yes 2. NO

8. Number of differently able members in the family…………………………

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9. Education: 6. Occupation: ______________________

7. Religion: 1. Hindu 2. Muslim 3.Christian 4. Others (Specify): ________

8. Caste Name: ___________________

9. Caste Group: 1. ST 2 SC 3. MBC 4.BC 5.FC 5. Others: _____

10. Ownership of House: 1. Own 2. Rented (Have own) 3. Rented (No own) 4. Leased in

11. Type of Roof: 1. Thatched 2. Asbestos Sheet 3.Tin sheet 4. Govt. built concrete

5. Tiled 6. Concrete

12. Type of House: 1. Kuchha 2. Semi Pucca 3.Pucca

13.Total Number of Family Members: ______

14. Highest Education in the Family: ____

15. Type of Family: 1. Nuclear 2. Extended 3. Joint

16. Do you have Land?

1. Yes 2.NO

17. If yes then Total in acres____

18. Do you have animal? 1. Yes 2. NO

19. 20. Card Holding: 1. No card 2. . Aadhar card

3. Ration card ________ colour a. BPL b. APL

Objective 2: To measure the practices related to use of toilets, hand wash, using

soap, material used for cleaning toilet.

20. Describe the toilet condition before intervention and present one

(Measure the present Toilet and Observe and then Record)

Basic Latrine information

What kind of latrine have you constructed?

1. Single pit latrine

2. Double pit latrine

3. Pour Flush latrine

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4. Eco – san Latrine

5. Bio-Gas linked latrine

SNo Toilet Particulars Before Sanitation Project After Sanitation Project

1.ssssss If No, Place of

Defecation

1. Community toilet

2. Open Air

3. Not Applicable

4. Temporary/ makeshift

toilet

5. Old, broken toilet

1. Community toilet

2. Open Air

3. Not Applicable

4 Temporary/ makeshift

toilet

5. Old, broken toilet

2. Roof of the Toilet 1. Thatch2. Tile3. Concrete4. Not Applicable

1. Thatch2. Tile3. Concrete4. Not Applicable

3. Wall of the Toilet 1.Mud2. Brick3. Hallow Block4. Cement5. Not Applicable

1. Mud2. Brick3. Hallow Block4. Cement5. Not Applicable

4. Floor of the Toilet 1. Mud2. Cement3. Not Applicable

1.Mud2. Cement3. Not Applicable

5. Condition of the toilet 1. Good2. Moderate3. Bad4. Not Applicable

1. Good2. Moderate3. Bad4. Not Applicable

6. Water Facility 1.Adequate2. Not adequate 3.No water4. Not Applicable

1.Adequate2. Not adequate 3. No water4. Not Applicable

21. Did you have space for toilet construction?

1. Yes 2. No

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22. If no, then how did you manage?

23. Date of toilet contraction……………………………………..

24. Who helped you to construct your toilet?

SBM 2.Private Institutions or CBO’s

3. AKRSPI trained mason 4. Other NGO- Name ___________

25. What motivated you to build a latrine?

1. I received an incentive from the government to construct the toilet

2. I have sick/old relatives at home

3. I have pregnant women at home

4. My children wanted a toilet

5. for the safety of my girl child

6. for the safety of the women at home

7. Others (Specify): ________________

26. How did you learn the importance of latrine construction and usage?

1. SHG meeting

2. Panchayat/community meeting

3. Gram Shabha

4. Meeting with Asha worker/ANM

5. Village animator/AKRSPI staffs explained the importance

6. Other NGO representative

7. Family members

8. Advertisement on TV etc.

9. Street play

10. Cannot recall

27. Is the latrine is in use?

1. Yes 2.No

28. What is your toilet current condition?

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1. Good condition 2. Not having adequate water 3. No door

4. Commode plate broken 5. Others (Specify) :_____________

29. Why is the latrine not being used regularly?

1. Smells bad

2. Slab broken

3. Superstructure broken

4. Structure has become unsafe for use

5. Toilet is being used for something else

6. Not constructed properly

7. Not enough water

8. Pit is full

9. Pit may become full

10. We may many people in the household and only one toilet is available

11. Feels suffocation

12. Able-bodied people don’t need to use it

13. Children find it difficult

14. Open defecation is our time to socialise

15. Toilet is only for women

16. Toilet newly constructed

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How are your family members using the toilets before and after intervention?

SNo Toilet ParticularsBefore Sanitation Project

After Sanitation Project

30. Family members use the Toilet?

AllFewNo oneNot Applicable

AllFew

No oneNot Applicable

31. If Few or No or NA, Where do you go?

Open fieldsCommon toilet

Open fieldsCommon toilet

32A Who use Open fields 0-5 children elderly man and

women agedDifferently able

32b. Who use Common toilet Option as above33. Frequency of using the toilet only in rainy season

Only night time only when not well only when they are at

homeNeverDon’t knowNot yet-toilet newly

constructed34. How often did you clean the

toilet?Everyday every alternate day Twice in a weekOnce in a week once in a monthNeverDon’t knowNot applicable

Everyday

35. What material did you use to clean?

Broom & WaterBrush & water

Broom & WaterBrush & water

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Antiseptic liquidsOthers (Specify) : -

____________Not Applicable

Antiseptic liquidsOthers (Specify) : -

____________Not Applicable

36. What materials your family members use after defecation?

Use only waterUse soapUse liquidsOthers (Specify) :______________

Use only waterUse soapUse liquidsOthers (Specify) :______________

How is the child faeces usually disposed?

1. Put into latrine2. Put into drain3. Thrown into garbage pit with in the premises of my house4. Thrown with garbage outside the house5. Buried6. Left it open

36. Where do you dispose your waste water?

1. Kitchen garden 2. Drainage 3.Others (Specify) ____________

37. Where do you dispose your garbage/rubbish (solid waste)?

1. Garbage bins 2. Throwing anywhere 3. Others (Specify) ____________

38. Where are you disposing waste water in your house?

1. Left it open 2. Gutter 3. Constructed drainage 4.Using for plants, trees

Kitchen garden 5. Other (Specify): _________________

39. Where do you dispose waste garbage in your house?

1. Throw anywhere 2. Using Dustbin 3. Collect it and throw in the street

4. Others (Specify) :______________

40. How far the drinking water source from the latrine pit?

1. Next to the latrine2. Within the premises of the house3. More than 30 feet away from the latrine

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41. Ask the respondent: What are the important time for the hand washing with soap?

1. After defecation

2. After cleaning the child bottom

3. After cleaning animal faeces

4. Before cooking

5. Before eating

6. Only with water (Don’t choose any other option)

42. What are the traditional culture you follow in using the toilet facility?

1. Toilets should not be constructed near the house

2. Bad smell

3. The toilet cleaning should be done only by a particular caste group

4. Others (Specify) :______________

3 NGO,: Name

4 Private

institutions

5 Others (Specify

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Objective 3: To analyze the health expenditure of a family to understand how far the interventions reduces their expenditure on health

1Family Health Expenditure

47. Who all suffered with diseases, Treatment taken and Amount spent in your house during the past year (May 2015 to April 2016)

SNo

Name

of the

person

Age SexDisease

NameTreatment Taken*

Amount Spent in Rs.Total Expenditure

Doctor Fees

Investigation Fees

Surgery Fees

Other

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

*Allopathic / Homeopathy / Siddha / Native / Home treatment

(Note:1. Include all types of illnesses like Fever, cold, cough, diarrhoea, vomit, etc all diseases 2.Include if the same person had the same or different diseases more than once 3. Include the expenses incurred for home remedies also)

48. Do you feel the health expenditure of your family got reduced after the implementation of sanitation project?

1. Yes 2. No

49. Explain how?

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Observation Question Drinking water

50. Is the drinking water container kept covered?

1. Yes2. No 3. Couldn’t observe

51. Is the drinking water container kept at a height?


52. Is the condition of the vessels used for collection and storage clean?


53. Is there a ladle (Doya) or water tap for the stored drinking water?


Attitude/behaviour questions

54. Do you know the reason why the child faeces is harmful?

1. Yes I know the reason2. I know it’s harmful but not the reason3. I think it’s not harmful

55. I think only women in the has should use toilet

1. Agree 2. Not sure3. Disagree

56. Having the toilet improves the social status?

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1. Yes2. No3. Couldn’t observe

57. Having the toilet in the house improves the surrounding environment?


58. My HHs waste/garbage is not thrown in a designated place


59. My HHs liquid waste is not properly disposed off


60. My HHs animal is not properly disposed off


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report on internship

Documents