report on foreign aid

8/17/2019 Report on Foreign AID

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“Foreign AID Scenery in

Bangladesh”

1


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Report

OnForeign AID Scenery in Bangladesh

Submitted To:Jannatul FerdousSenior Lecturer

Department of Business Administrationrime !ni"ersity

Submitted By: Group - D

Name ID

#$ %d$ Sha&il Ahmed 'L( #)#*+*#*#*,-

+$ Sa.u/ Shei& #)#*+*#*##*0

)$ 1an"ir Rahaman #)#*+*#*#*23

3$ 4amrul 5asan #)#*+*#*#*,3

0$ 1ania 4hatun #)#*+*#*#*63

Batch7 )+nd

Bachelor of Business AdministrationDepartment of Business Administrationrime !ni"ersity

Date of Su.mission7 *- Decem.er8 +*#0

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Letter of 1ransmittal

Date7 *- Decem.er8 +*#0

1o

Jannatul Ferdous

Senior Lecturer

Department of Business Administration

rime !ni"ersity

Subject: Su.mission of Report on “Foreign AID Scenery in Bangladesh”$

Dear Sir8

1his a great pleasure to su.mit our report on 9Foreign AID Scenery in Bangladesh”$ It :as a

golden opportunity for our &no:ledge and practical e;periences regarding the procedures and

functions :hile :or&ing$ So8 :e firmly .elie"e that8 these &no:ledge and e;periences :ill

help us in our professional life$


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Declaration

I8 %d$ Sha&il Ahmed8 here.y declare that the report titled " Foreign AID Scenery in

Bangladesh” is prepared .y our group after completion of t:o :ee& :or&s from internet and"arious .oo&s$

I also :ould li&e to confirm that8 the report is prepared e;clusi"ely for academic purpose not for any other purposes$

???????

%d$ Sha&il Ahmed

ID7 #)#*+*#*#*,-

Batch7 )+nd

Department of Business Administration$

rime !ni"ersity$

On .ehalf of >roup %em.ers$

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Executive Summary

Foreign aid plays an important role in Bangladesh$ 1he pattern of foreign aid has undergone a

stri&ing transformation in Bangladesh during the last four decades$ 1he a"erage yearly aid

totaled !S@ #$) .illion o"er the 3*=year period$ Although aid only accounts for roughly +

percent of >I8 it constitutes almost 0* percent of the countrys annual de"elopment .udget$

In fiscal year 'FC( +**-#*8 the amount of foreign aid dis.ursed :as !S@ +$+ .illion$ As the

country de"eloped8 its reliance on these forms of aid gradually decreased so much so that8 in

+***=+*#*8 food aid and commodity aid together accounted for only ,E of total aid$ 1he

share of pro/ect aid8 on the other hand8 steadily gre: o"er the years8 from +,E during #-2#=

#-6* to -3E during +***=+*#*$ In FC +**-#*8 pro/ect aid constituted -,E of total foreign

aid$ 1he effecti"eness of foreign assistance as a means to contri.ute to sustaina.le

de"elopment in the country has8 at times8 .een the su./ect of de.ate$ Different sur"eys and

assessments ha"e come to the conclusion that the de"elopment assistance pro"ided .y a :ide

range of partners could produce much .etter results should they .e .etter coordinated8 as :ell

as more harmonied and aligned :ith national priorities and systems$ Similarly8 it has .een

pointed out that strong go"ernment leadership8 as :ell as effecti"e and efficient go"ernment

institutions are crucial to ensure that foreign aid is effecti"ely utilied$ 5ence8 impro"ing aid

effecti"eness is a /oint responsi.ility of the >o"ernment of Bangladesh and its de"elopment

partners$ 1his report presents the findings and recommendations of a re"ie: of policies and

procedures relating to aid management in Bangladesh$ 1he assessment is .ased on the

analysis of rele"ant studies and other documents as :ell as discussions :ith a num.er of

go"ernment officials8 in"ol"ed directly or indirectly8 :ith aid management$ 1he >o"ernment

of Bangladesh '>oB( has ta&en considera.le steps to:ards local implementation of the glo.al

aid effecti"eness agenda 'aris Declaration principles and Accra Agenda for Action( in recent

years$ On the >o"ernment side8 related initiati"es are primarily spearheaded .y the Gconomic

Relations Di"ision of the %inistry of Finance through its Aid Gffecti"eness !nit 'AG!($

Despite lauda.le achie"ements at the policy le"el8 progress to:ards integrating aid and

de"elopment effecti"eness considerations into the national de"elopment planning8

programming and .udgeting process has .een limited$ One has to .e realistic8 ho:e"er8

concerning the AG!s a.ility to instigate and manage the related change process8 in the light

of the units capacity and institutional arrangements$

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Table o !ontent

Sl# No# Topic name $a%e No#

Letter of 1ransmittal 3Student Declaration 4G;ecuti"e Summary 5

Hhapter= One7 Introduction 2#$# Introduction 6

#$+ Origin of the report -#$) O./ecti"es of the Report -#$3 %ethodology of the Report -

#$0 Limitation of the Report - Hhapter= 1:o7 Foreign AID Scenery in Bangladesh #*+$# Definition of foreign Aid ##+$+ 5istorical Bac&ground of foreign aid #++$) Foreign AID Scenery in Bangladesh #2+$3 O"er"ie: of Aid Flo:s to Bangladesh #6+$0 Gconomic Gffects of Foreign olicy of Bangladesh +*+$, Ad"antages and Disad"antages of Foreign Aid ++

Hhapter= 1hree7 Findings8 Recommendations Honclusion +))$# Findings +3)$+ Recommendations +0

)$) Honcluding Remar&s +,

Reference Bi.liography +2

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!&'$TE( - )NE

INT()D*!TI)N

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+#+ Introduction

Foreign aid is one of the important sources to finance the de"elopment rogram in

de"eloping countries$ Bangladesh is not e;ception to this$ Foreign aid can .e defined as the

economic assistance from one country to another country8 intended either to pro"ide

5umanitarian relief in emergencies8 to promote economic de"elopment or to finance %ilitary

e;penditures 'Blac&8 #--28 pp$*-($ Aid may ta&e the form of outright gifts of %oney8 :hich

may .e tied to purchase from the donors8 or untied and a"aila.le for G;penditure any:here$

Aid may also .e gi"en in form of food8 commodity8 pro/ect or 1echnical assistance$ Aid fund

is di"ided into t:o parts8 namely8 grants and interest .ased loans$ Bilateral aid is gi"en

directly .y a donor to a recipient country :hereas multilateral aid is channeled through an

international organiation8 :ithout direct contact .et:een donors and particulars recipients$

Bangladesh is considered as one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the

:orld$ %ore than #03 million people li"es in this country :ith 32 million poor people$ 1he

current '+*#3( >D of this country is @##,$3 .illion :ith per capita >D @ 60-$ Bangladesh

is a lo: income country :ith yearly ,$*) percent >D gro:th and most of its income is

generated from the industrial sector follo:ed .y agricultural sector '>OB +*#)($ 1he life

e;pectancy at .irth its people is only ,0 years8 and the adult literacy is only 02$-# percent

'BBS8 +*#*($ Different democratic go"ernments ha"e .een ruling this country since #--#8

namely8 B 'Bangladesh ationalist arty( go"ernment for t:o terms '#--#=#--08 +**+=

+**,(8 BAL 'Bangladesh A:ami League( go"ernment for t:o terms '#--,=+**#8 +**-=

+*#+($


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+#, )ri%in o te report:

For student of BBA8 it is a reuirement after the attending all the reuired courses the

./orei%n 'ID in Ban%lade”8 :hich is a part of the program$ 1o fulfill this reuirement

:e :or& as an intern in Foreign AID$ Besides8 it helped us a lot of to compare theoretical

&no:ledge :ith internet used$ A AR1 FRO% 15A18 I proposed the ./orei%n 'ID in

Ban%lade” and my institution super"isor at rime !ni"ersity8 Jannatul Ferdous8 duly

appro"ed it$

+#0 )bjective o te (eport:

1he o./ecti"es of the study are as follo:s7

To know about the Foreign AID. To know about the Historica !ackgroun" o# Foreign AID in

!anga"esh. To know about the Foreign AID $cener% in !anga"esh.

To know about the &cono'ic &(ect o# !anga"esh through Foreign

AID. To earn about the a")antages an" "isa")antages o# Foreign AID.

+#1 2etodolo%y:1here are t:o types of methodology $it are gi"en .elo:7i( rimaryii( Secondary

Dicu are %iven belo3:

i( rimary7


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!&'$TE( - T6)

./orei%n 'ID Scenery in Ban%lade”

1+


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,#+ Deinition o orei%n 'id:

Foreign aid the international transfer of capital8 goods8 or ser"ices from a country or

international organiation for the .enefit of the recipient country or its population$ Aid can .e

economic8 military8 or emergency humanitarian 'e$g$8 aid gi"en follo:ing natural disasters($

Foreign aid can in"ol"e a transfer of financial resources or commodities 'e$g$8 food or

military euipment( or technical ad"ice and training$ 1he resources can ta&e the form of

grants or concessional credits 'e$g$8 e;port credits($ 1he most common type of foreign aid is

official de"elopment assistance 'ODA(8 :hich is assistance gi"en to

promote de"elopment and to com.at po"erty$

Foreign aid can .e defined as the Gconomic assistance from one country to another country8

intended either to pro"ide 5umanitarian relief in emergencies8 to romote economicde"elopment or to finance %ilitary e;penditures$

Aid may ta&e the form of outright gifts of %oney8 :hich may .e tied to purchase from thedonors8 or untied and a"aila.le for G;penditure any:here$ Aid may also .e gi"en in form of food8 commodity8 pro/ect or technical assistance$ Aid fund is di"ided into t:o parts8 namely8grants and interest .ased loans$ Bilateral aid is gi"en directly .y a donor to a recipientcountry :hereas multilateral aid is channeled through an international organiation8 :ithoutdirect contact .et:een donors and particulars recipients$

11

http://global.britannica.com/topic/economic-developmenthttp://global.britannica.com/topic/economic-development


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,#, &itorical Bac7%round o orei%n aid:O"er the past #** years8 foreign aid structures that .egan :ith Guropean colonialism ha"e

.ecome tied to shifting economic and political interests8 as :ell as a gro:ing humanitarian

mo"ement$ In"estigates the competing moti"es .ehind foreign aid8 and ho: emerging glo.al po:ers are changing the game$

An ideological .attle has .een playing out for decades o"er :hether foreign aid should .e

used to facilitate economic gro:th8 or to pro"ide programs that directly meet peoples .asic

needs$ As ne: glo.al po:ers emerge as donors8 a third horiontal structure is no: .eing

discussed .ased on mutual self=interest$

Rich countries started gi"ing money to poorer countries in the #-th century8 and .y the #-+*s

and )*s countries li&e >ermany8 France and Britain :ere pro"iding regular aid to their

colonies in Africa8 Latin America and Asia$ Holonial po:ers used their money to .uildinfrastructureMports8 roads8 rail:aysMand :ealthy American industrialists :ere also

in"ol"ed in de"elopment aid through the Ford and Roc&efeller Foundations$

G"en after the colonies gained their independence8 foreign support continued to focus on

economic de"elopment$

1here :as the idea that countries had to catch up8 that


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aid as colonies .ecame independent and multilateral organiations li&e the !8 the


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their de.t .urdens :ere the ones that had .orro:ed from commercial mar&ets8 not from aid

agencies$

N1hose that had .orro:ed from Hiti.an& and other commercial .an&s :ere a.le to do deals in

the late 6*s and early -*s under a program called the Brady .onds :ere essentially the

commercial .an&s :ould s:ap old de.t for ne: de.t at 2* per cent of the face "alue or 0* per

cent or )* per cent8 it "aried .y country8 says %r Radelet$

N1he commercial .an&s pretty uic&ly figured out that they :erent going to get fully repaid

and :ere :illing to go in and do a deal :here they :ould accept a :rite=do:n in order to get

some things repaid$ But for loans that :ere made .y donor go"ernments8 and .y the


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/orei%n aid received in million o *S dollar

!ountry ,8+,

4enya +8,03$*

Hte dI"oire +8,)0$,

Bangladesh +8#0+$*

%oam.iue +8*-,$-

Top 10 aid donor countries (2013)

Main article: List of governments by development aid

Official de"elopment assistance 'in a.solute terms( contri.uted .y the top #* DAH countries

is as follo:s$ Guropean !nion countries together ga"e @2*$2) .illion and G! Institutions

ga"e a further @#0$-) .illion$


!ountry ,8+,

Guropean !nion @6,$,,

16

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governments_by_development_aidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governments_by_development_aidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union


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!ountry ,8+,

!nited States @)#$00

!nited 4ingdom @#2$66

>ermany @#3$*,

Japan .illion @##$2-

France @##$)6

or:ay @0$06

etherlands @0$33

Hanada @3$-#

Australia @3$60

,#0 /orei%n 'ID Scenery in Ban%lade:

Bangladesh is considered as one of the poorest and most densely populated Hountries in the

:orld$ %ore than #03 million people li"es in this country :ith 32 million poor people$ 1he

17

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia


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current '+*#3( >D of this country is @##,$3 .illion :ith per capita >D @ 60-$Bangladesh isa lo: income country :ith yearly ,$*) percent>D gro:th and most of its income is generated from the industrial sector follo:ed .yagricultural sector '>OB +*#)($ 1he life e;pectancy at .irth its people is only ,0 years8 andthe adult literacy is only 02$-# percent 'BBS8 +*#*($

Different democratic go"ernments ha"e .een ruling this country since #--#8 namely8 B'Bangladesh ationalist arty( go"ernment for t:o terms '#--#=#--08 +**+=+**,(8 BAL'Bangladesh A:ami League( go"ernment for t:o terms '#--,=+**#8 +**-=+*#+($


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Bangladesh is the ++nd largest recipient of foreign aid glo.ally '.ased on +*#* information

o.tained from the :e.site8 >lo.alhumanitarianassistance$org($ Bangladesh is one of the #*

most "ulnera.le countries to natural disasters8 due to climate change impacts as :ell poor

preparedness and lac& of infrastructure to mitigate or respond to these impacts$ 1he country

hosts the :orlds largest humanitarian aid community8 :ith #+ ! agencies8 o"er 2*

international >Os8 o"er +8*** locally registered >Os8 and o"er ,*8*** community .ased

organiations$ O"erall official de"elopment assistance 'ODA( commitments to Bangladesh

:ere @0$)6 .illion !S Dollars and net ODA recei"ed :as @+$,2 .illion !S Dollars 'OGHD

+*#)($ et ODA recei"ed per capita :as @#3 !S Dollars '


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Donor ,88> ,88? ,8+8 ,8++ ,8+,

IDA 6),$6 )+6$0 )0+$3 ),3$2 2*)$-

Japan 66,$- #+6$, #3+$0 +*#$, 33-$0

AsDB Special

Funds

* * +6,$* +66$) )0,$6

!nited

4ingdom

+0)$# +0*$2 ++-$- ),6$, )#*$6

!nited States #)3$, --$6 #0#$0 #3+$- +#0$2

I%F'Honcessional

1rust Funds(

* * * * #3*$*

G!

Institutions

#-3$0 #)#$- #66$, #0-$# #+6$+

Australia 30$# 3#$3 0*$) 2-$) #+*$6

>ermany ,0$- 2)$# ,0$* 22$# 6#$,

etherlands 63$2 2*$) 26$, 22$2 ,,$0

1O1AL +80*#$2 #8#+3$+ #8030$* #820-$3 +023$*

2+


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,#4 Economic Eect o /orei%n $olicy o Ban%lade:

1he foreign assistance recei"ed .y Bangladesh is constituted mainly .y the grants and

interest .ased Loans$ During #-2# = +*#+ periods8 loans occupied the large portion '06$++

percent( of the total e;ternal assistance :hile grants made up 3#$26 percent of all foreign

assistance$ Hon"ersely8 the share of grants and loans in total aid changed o"er time$ In the

first decade after Independence '#-2#=#-6*(8 the amount of grants :as more than half '0#

percent( of all foreign aid and this share goes do:n consistently o"er the ne;t three decades

'#-6#=+*#+( and recorded as less than one third ')# percent( of total aid during +**#=+*#+$

Alarmingly8 the share of loans in total aid rose from 3- percent in #-2# to ,- percent in +*#+

respecti"ely$ Bangladesh recei"es its e;ternal assistances mainly in three forms as food aid8

commodity aid and pro/ect aid accordingly$ %ore than t:o=third ',2$2 percent( of the total

aid :as dis.ursed in the form of pro/ect aid during #-2#=+*#+ period :hile commodity and

food aid accounted for +# percent and #+ percent respecti"ely$ Li&e:ise share of Loan=

>rants8 the shares of the three forms of aid ha"e changed o"er time$ In the first decade '#-2#=

#-6*( after independence8 the donors pro"ided the highest amount of Hommodity aid '3+

percent( and food aid ')+ percent( for the poor people of Bangladesh$ O"er the period of time

the dominant figure of Hommodity and food aid steadily declined due to the reduction of

dependency on these forms of aid and .oth together recorded as only 0$#2 percent of totalassistances in +**#=+*#+$ On the contrary8 the share of pro/ect aid progressi"ely increases

o"er the years8 from +, percent during #-2# to -3$6) percent in +*#+$ Bangladesh spends the

foreign assistance in almost t:enty sectors including agriculture8 rural de"elopment8 :ater8

oil8 gas8 mineral resources8 transport8 education8 planning8 po:er8 industry8 infrastructure and

health sector$ %ost of the aid has .een spent in po:er8 education8 transport8 rural

de"elopment and agriculture sector respecti"ely$

Being one of the 36 less de"eloping countries Bangladesh has al:ays .een an aid dependent

country$ Because of such dependency8 BF8 despite the much "aunted rhetorics for economic

diplomacy8 has so far not .een a.le to .e independent in the real sense of the term$ But

economic diplomacy has remained the ma/or foreign policy concern through successi"e

regimes and such concern has .ecome more pressing in the post=cold :ar period$

1he net result of economic diplomacy o"er the years is that Bangladesh has recei"ed around

@ +3 .illion :orth of e;ternal aid and the countrys dependency amounts to 62E of the annualde"elopment .udget$

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1he enormity of aid dependence impacts negati"ely on the type of foreign policy a country

pursues$ 1he results of analysis :ere the states :ith highest le"el of economic de"elopment

tended to .e “acti"e=independent states8 those :ith intermediate le"els of de"elopment tended

to .e Ntransitional state and those :ith lo: le"el of de"elopment tended to .e Ninacti"e=

dependent states”$ Bangladesh fits into a category some:here in .et:een the latter t:o

types$ But despite the paramount importance attached to economic diplomacy .y Bangladesh8

this is perhaps the foreign policy sector that is characteried .y largest num.er of disuieting

ne:s items$

1he economic imperati"es compelled Banga.andhu to di"ersity foreign policy and ma&e it

donor=oriented$ Honseuently8 the :estern de"eloped countries emerged as the dominant .y

)#E .y the international organiations$ 1he share of the socialist .loc and India stood at

+#E$ 1he OGH share stood at a meager 0E$

During the Pia regime Bangladesh :as successful in inducting Hhina as a ma/or donor and

augment aid inflo: from the o"ernment for su. regional cooperation in South

Asia and .ecoming a mem.er of BIS1GH are in reality geo=economical means to geo=

political ends$

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,#@ 'dvanta%e and Diadvanta%e o /orei%n 'id:

G"ery year .illions of dollars are gi"en as aid to under=de"eloped nations :ho are see&ing

help :ith their economic gro:th$ >i"ing aid to foreign countries does consist of many

ad"antages and disad"antages of :hich are7=

'dvanta%e:

Gconomic gro:th is a main ad"antage$ ations that recei"e money in"est it into their

economy :hich helps to create more /o.s for the people8 .etter infrastructure8 and sta.ilie

their economy$ ations such as Hhina >D gro:th rate increased -$,0E from the in"estment

of the foreign aid into their nations economy$ Foreign aid has other ad"antages8 such asfighting hunger8 sa"ing li"es and pro"iding ci"ilians :ith shelters8 clean :ater and medicine$

harmaceutical drugs are dispensed free or su.sidied to that in need and training is gi"en to

doctors and nurses :hich :ill ensure they &no: the correct :ay to deal :ith a patients

health$ Foreign aid is also a .enefit the donor$ Donor nations are a.le to control the funds that

they gi"e to the nations .y as&ing for or reuiring certain gains in return such as use of

military .ases and other resources the nation is in need of$ 1he gains in return create a strong

economical8 cultural and or political .ond .et:een recipient and donor nations$

Diadvanta%e:

A disad"antage of foreign aid ho:e"er is an increase in dependency from recipient nations$

>o"ernments that recei"e aid .ecome dependent on steady flo: so that :hile still .eing a.le

to support the people of its nation8 they can .egin putting the money into the sectors of the

country :hich need the assistance$ Horruption is a .ig disad"antage of foreign aid$ Aid

money that is .eing gi"en to go"ernment officials is .eing put straight into their o:n poc&et

rather than in the country to sol"e its pro.lems$ 'In this case the only people :ho .enefit from

the money are go"ernment officials rather than the nation and its people($

23


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!&'$TE( - T&(EE

/indin%; !oncluion and

(ecommendation

24


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0#+ /indin%:

1he findings of the study are as follo:s7

Bangladesh depends on e;ternal aid to finance the de"elopment .udget$ 1his researchconcludes that8 foreign aid has positi"e effect .ut diminishing return on the economic gro:th

of Bangladesh$ Aid mo.iliing and e;ecuting institutions of Bangladesh including pu.lic

administrations ha"e capacity constraints8 mainly for8 poor structure and planning8 corruption

and political insta.ility$

1he go"ernment must ta&e initiati"e to o"ercome these shortcomings to gain the ma;imum

and efficient output from aid$

Foreign aid has positi"e effect on the economic gro:th of Bangladesh

25


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0#, (ecommendation:

Foreign Aid is declining o"er the period of time$ It has 2$)6 percent8 3$*0 percent8 #$6 percent

and 3$3) percent contri.ution to >D of Bangladesh during #-6*=#--*8 #--#=+**#8 +**+=

+*#+ and #-6*=+*#+ correspondingly$ 1he suare term depicts that8 the return of aid is

diminishing for a country ha"ing the a.sorpti"e capacity constraints$ Bangladesh is not

e;ception to this$

If more nations monitor and control their funds and help go"ernment officials :ith placing

the money in the useful sectors8 it :ill decrease the chance of corruption in the country$

Furthermore it :ill eradicate dependency of aid .y the recipient nations$

International Aid must ha"e long=term .enefit for poor countries$ Other:ise8 it is only the

uestion of time :hen de"eloped countries :ould not .e a.le to maintain gro:ing num.er of

people in the third :orld$

26


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0#0 !oncludin% (emar7:

1his study e;plores that foreign aid has positi"e role on the economic gro:th of Bangladesh

and it is statistically significant in only t:o cases out of eight cases$ 1his finding is not

statistically significant for the entire period '#-6*=+*#+($ 1he estimated results also indicate

that8 due to the lo:er le"el of capacity constraint of Bangladeshi institutions to use the

foreign aid effecti"ely8 the aid pro"ide diminishing returns in Bangladesh$ Foreign aid can

contri.ute to the national economy more effecti"ely8 if the Bangladesh go"ernment utilies its

aid funds more efficiently .y reforming its institutions and policies$

27


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(eerence A Biblio%rapy:

Tuai8 Rahim %$ '+**0(8 Gffects of Foreign Aid on >D >ro:th and Fiscal Beha"ior7 An

Gconometric Hase Study of Bangladesh8 the Journal of De"eloping Areas 8 )6'+( $

%inistry of Finance8 Flo: of G;ternal Resources to Bangladesh8 Gconomic Relation

Di"ision >o"ernment of Bangladesh8 Dha&a8 +**2$

Hentre For olicy Dialogue8 Re"isiting Foreign Aid7 A Re"ie: of Bangladesh

De"elopment +**)8 !ni"ersity ress Ltd8 Dha&a8 +**3

ODI8 Support %odels for HSOs at Hountry Le"el Bangladesh Hountry Report8 Oslo8 August8

+**2$

Allocation of Business among Different %inistries and Di"isions8 Schedule I of the Rules of

Business #--, 'Re"ised up to Fe.ruary +**-(8 Ha.inet Di"ision8 >o"ernment of Bangladesh$

Bangladesh 5armoniation Action lan8 RS=5A Hell8 Gconomic Relations Di"ision8

>o"ernment of Bangladesh8 August +**,$

http7glo.al$.ritannica$comtopicforeign=aid

https7en$:i&ipedia$org:i&iAid

http7:::$oecd$orgne:sroomaid=to=de"eloping=countries=re.ounds=in=+*#)=to=reach=an=

all=time=high$htm

http7"ahesgood.log$.logspot$com+*#+*0ad"antages=and=disad"antages=of=gi"ing$html

http7:::$econstats$com:eoHB>D$htm
http://global.britannica.com/topic/foreign-aidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aidhttp://www.oecd.org/newsroom/aid-to-developing-countries-rebounds-in-2013-to-reach-an-all-time-high.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/newsroom/aid-to-developing-countries-rebounds-in-2013-to-reach-an-all-time-high.htmhttp://vahesgoodblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-giving.htmlhttp://www.econstats.com/weo/CBGD.htmhttp://global.britannica.com/topic/foreign-aidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aidhttp://www.oecd.org/newsroom/aid-to-developing-countries-rebounds-in-2013-to-reach-an-all-time-high.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/newsroom/aid-to-developing-countries-rebounds-in-2013-to-reach-an-all-time-high.htmhttp://vahesgoodblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-giving.htmlhttp://www.econstats.com/weo/CBGD.htm

report on foreign aid

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