ostok  

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow

Report of GEOTRACES Activity in Russia June 2015 – May 2016

Particular Russian GEOTRACERS interests include the following issues:

•  biogeochemical processes in major rivers estuaries and adjacent shelf with special emphasize on particle’s fluxes and bottom sediments: mineral, grain-size and chemical (including TM) composition of SPM, S and C isotopes, as well as occurrence forms of TM in solid phase of bottom sediments;

•  sedimentary and chemical fluxes from atmosphere to the Arctic Seas;

•  in 2015 a new stage of the modern sedimentation processes’ research and the high-resolution reconstruction of the climate change has started. It took place in boundary areas of the North Atlantic - Arctic: straits between Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Islands and Shetland Islands, the Norway and Barents Seas.

Some selected new scientific results

Occurrence forms of some trace elements in the process of early diagenesis of the Barents Sea (Russian Arctic area) have been studied. The high resolution core sampling interval (1-2 cm) in the upper layers corresponds to 10-20 years (based on 14C dating).

TE adsorbed on clayey particles Fe-Mn amorph. hydroxides/adsorbed TE

Organic-bound form Lithogenic form

Al % Fe ppm Mn ppm Mo ppm

Cu ppm Cd ppm

Lithogenic form of Al (97% from total content), Fe, Cr and Ni (86 - 68%), Mn and Mo were found to be the most labile metals (only till 10% in lithogenic form in the upper 0-6 cm layer, while down the core portion of liythogenic form increased progressively. Geochemicaly labile (adsorbed, organically-bound) and inert (lithogenic) forms of Cu, Cd, Pb, Co and As contribute approximately equal portions in accumulation of these metals in the Barents Sea bottom sediments. [Demina et al., in press 2016].

0 100 200 300 400Dissolved O2 and H2S, Σ,

250

200

150

100

50

0

Wat

er d

epth

, m

14 15 16 17 18Sulfate, mmol/kg

20.4 20.8 21.2 21.6 22234S (SO4), ‰

0.790 0.800 0.810 0.820

SO4/S, mmol/g

CIL core

Redox interface

H2S

O2

SO4/Salinity

SO4

434S

Isotopic composition of S (δ34S-SO4) in water was studied in the H2S oxidation zone of central part of the Black Sea at the horizons 110 and 120 m, i.e. just below the boundary of H2S disappearance. Unlike the earlier data, there were no lightening of the isotopic composition of sulfur [Dubinin, et al., 2016 in press]

q  The POC concentrations in the surface layer decreased from the estuary toward the outer shelf from 1400 and 407 µg/L to 110 and 66 µg/L in the Ob and Yenisei sections.

q  The δ13СPOC values allow the proportions between terrigenous (allochthonous) and phytoplanktonic (autochthonous) organic matter in marine SPM to be estimated more careful. The maximum concentrations of SPM are found for river estuaries, where POC is mostly terrigenous: δ13СPOC values amount to -30.2‰ and -30.1‰ in the Ob and Yenisei estuaries with water salinity of 0.05 psu, respectively.

δ13СPOC, ‰

Distance, km

Dep

th, m

Yenisei River estuary

Middle shelf

Distribution of δ 13С POC along the transect from the Yenisei estuary to the Kara Sea

[Lein, Savvichev, Kravchishina et al, 2014, Oceanology]

The diurnal variation of methane concentrations within methane seepage site in the Laptev Sea (near sea surface layer of the atmosphere), 15.09.2015

Echo sounding record of methane seepage in the water body at this site in the Laptev Sea (depth )

•  Concentration of СН4 was 2 .1 ppm in near sea s u r f a c e l a y e r o f t h e atmosphere.

Cruises

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS has completed e few cruises connected

with the International GEOTRACES Program:

Route  of    cruise  R/V  “Akademik  Ioffe”  in  the  Norwegian  and  Barents  Seas,  21.07–20.08.2015.  Green  lines  –  aerosols  sampling  on  the  move  of  ship,  red  points  –  sampling  staCons    of  

suspended  parCculate  maDer  (SPM)  and  boDom  sediments  

Barents Sea

Water sampling Surface bottom sediments Multi-corer bottom sediments Big Tubes bottom sediments Sediment traps’ ascending Sediment traps’ deployment Aerosols collection

Route of cruise R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in June 2016 in the North Atlantic Ocean

Route of R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the Kara and Laptev Seas in August 26 – October 9, 2015

[Flint et al., 2015]

Route of R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the Barents and Norwegian Seas, August 25 - September 30, 2016

Dust and sedimentary fluxes, sediment traps, bottom sediments, pore waters

Route of R/V “Akademic Lavrentiev” of Pacific Oceanologic Institute (Vladivostok), the Far-Eastern Branch of RAS, in the East Siberian And Chukchi Seas, August-October 2016. Joint expedition together with the 1-st Chinese Oceanographic Institute (Qingdao)

Project is aimed to detail forecast of the future global changes based on research of palaeoclimatic and palaeooceanologic conditions over the Holocene and Late Pleistocene based on sedimentary cores in this areas of high sedimentation rates and knowledge of modern conditions of the environment

East Siberian Sea

Chukchi Sea

Russian Science Foundation - 2 projects till 2018: 1) № 14-50-00095 "World Ocean in ХХI Century: climate, ecosystems, mineral and biological resources and disasters", an issue "Geospheres' interaction and mineral resources in the World Ocean" under the supervision of academician Alexander Lisitzyn. 2) № 14-27-00114 "Sedimentology and biogeochemistry of the seas of Russian European part (dispersed sedimentary matter, bottom sediments, diagenesis)" under the supervision of academician Alexander Lisitzyn.

(Each project approx. 20 million Rubles per year).

New projects and/or funding

Meetings 1) 26 IUGG General Assembly, Prague, June 27 – July 1, 2015:

- Demina L.L. Co-conviner of Symposium Р-02 "Physics and Biogeochemistry of Semi-Enclosed and Shelf Seas", Poster presentation: Demina L. L., Budko D. F., Novigatsky A.N., “Occurence Forms of Some Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments of the White Sea" . Simposium P-11. Oral presentation: Elena M. Dodas, Ed Boyle, Reiner Schlitzer, Catherine Jeandel, Ludmila L. Demina "GEOTRACES highlights in the Indian Ocean and plans for the future. 2) European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, Vienna, April 17–22, 2016: - Shevchenko V.P., Kopeikin V.M., Evangeliou N., Novigatsky A.N., Pankratova N.V., Starodymova D.P., Stohl A., Thompson R. The distribution of atmospheric black carbon in the marine boundary layer over the North Atlantic and the Russian Arctic Seas in July – October 2015

- 3) Workshop “Biogeochemical Studies in the Siberian Shelf Seas”, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 27–28 January 2016.

Kravchishina M.D. Results of research expeditions to the Barents, Kara and Laptev seas by IO RAS in 2007-2015. Russian GEOTRACES research in the Arctic.

Selected new publications

1) Demina L.L., A.Yu. Lein, S.V. Galkin, and A.P. Lisitzyn. Features of trace metal distribution in the components of the ecosystem of the Lost City hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Doklady Earth Sciences. 2015. Vol 465, part 2. pp 1312-1316. DOI: 10.7868/S0869565215360189.

2) Demina L.L. Trace metals in water of deep-sea hydrothermal biotopes. Chapter 3. In: "Trace Metal Biogeochemistry and Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Systems" (eds. Demina L.L. and Galkin S.V.). Handbook of Environmental

Chemistry. SPRINGER- Nature. 2016, pp 53-76. 3) Demina L.L., Galkin S.V. Factors controlling the trace metal distribution in hydrothermal vent organisms. Chapter 6. In: "Trace

Metal Biogeochemistry and Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Systems" (eds. Demina L.L. and Galkin S.V.). Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. SPRINGER- Nature. 2016, pp 123-142.

4) Gordeev V.V., Makkaveev E.P., Kochenkova A.I. Heavy metals in water and suspended matter in mouths of small rivers and in coastal zone of the Russian part of the Caucasus coast of the Black Sea.// Water: chemistry and ecology, 2015, V.19, N11, pp 7 -21.

5) Kravchishina M.D., Klyuvitkin A.A., Pautova L.A., Politova N.V., Lein A.Yu., Lisitzin A.P. Chlorophyll a in Suspended Particulate Matter of the Caspian Sea as an Indicator of Biogenic Sedimentation Conditions // Doklady Earth Sciences. 2015. Т. 465. Part 1. pp 1200–1205.

6) Kravchishina M.D., Lein A.Yu., Sukhanova I.N., Artem’ev V.A., Novigatsky A.N. Genesis and Spatial Distribution of Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations in the Kara Sea during Maximum Reduction of the Arctic Ice Cap // Oceanology. 2015. Т. 55. № 4. pp 623–643.

7) Kravchishina M.D., Lisitzin A.P., Lein A.Yu., Lukashin V.N., Novigatsky A.N., Klyuvitkin A.A. First Results on Determination of Chlorophill A and Its Derivatives in the System of Trapped Sedimentary Material–Fluffy Layer–Bottom Sediment of the Caspian Sea // Doklady Earth Sciences. 2016. Т. 467. Part 1. pp 284–288.

8) Shevchenko V.P., Starodymova D.P., Vinogradova A.A. et al. Elemental and organic carbon in atmospheric aerosols over the northwestern coast of Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea // Doklady Earth Sciences. 2015b. V. 461. Part 1. P. 242–246.

9) Guieu C., Shevchenko V.P. Dust in the Ocean // Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, 2015. DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_56-3.

10) Manasypov R.M., Vorobyev S.N., Loiko S.V., Kritzkov I.V., Shirokova L.S., Shevchenko V.P., Kirpotin S.N., Kulizhsky S.P., Kolesnichenko L.G., Zemtzov V.A., Sinkinov V.V., Pokrovsky O.S. Seasonal dynamics of organic carbon and metals in thermokarst lakes from the discontinuous permafrost zone of western Siberia // Biogeosciences. 2015. V. 12. pp 3009–3028.

11) Shevchenko V.P., Vorob’ev S.N., Kirpotin S.N., Kritskov I.V., Manasypov R.M., Pokrovsky O.S. and Politova N.V. Investigations of insoluble particles in the snow cover of Western Siberia from Tomsk to the Ob estuary. Optika Atmosfery i Okeana. 2015. V. 28(6), pp 499–504 (in Russian).

Some publications (in press): Demina L.L., Bud'ko D.F., Lisitzyn A.P. Geochemical fractionation of some trace metals in the high-resolution sedimentary core of the Barents Sea (Doklady Earth Science, 2016, accepted) Dubinin A.V., Dubinina E.O., Kossova S.A., Berezhnaya E.D. Ventilation of anaerobic zone in the Black Sea from δ34S-SO4 isotopic data (Doklady Earth Science, 2015, accepted) Berezhnaya E.D., Dubinin A.V. Elements of Platinum group and gold in the Fe-Mn nodules reference material NOD-A-1. Geochemistry International (accepted). Rimskaya-Korsakova M.N., Berezhnaya E.D., Dubinin A.V. Determination of Mo, W and V in the Atlantic Ocean by concentration method with 8-oxychinolin extraction followed by ICP-MS analysis (Oceanology, 2016, in press) Dubinin A.V., Uspenskaya T.Yu., Rimskaya-Korsakova M.N., Demidova T.P. Rare elements and isotopic composition of Nd and Sr в manganese micro-nodules of the Brazil depression of the south Atlantic Ocean. Lithology and mineral resources. 2015 (accepted).

Outreach activities

The research results of the GEOTRACES Program were many times cited in the book:

"Trace Metal Biogeochemistry and Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Systems" (Eds. Demina L.L. and Galkin S.V.). Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Founded by Otto Hutzinger. Eds. in Chief Damia Barcelo, Andrey G. Kostianoy. SPRINGER- Nature. 2016. V. 50. 210 pp. ISSN 1867-979X DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41340-2

Other activities

The equipment park was supplemented by the following devices: New Rozette System, Sediment traps, Multi-corers, and Echo-sounders. New X-Ray fluorescence analyzer SPECTROSCAN Max-GVM (Russian production) Teflon-covered heating platform, Teflon sub-boiling system to obtain clean acids. Laminar Box to prepare filters and analytical solutions.