Report No. ,,O8MA

Malaysia:Matching Risks and Rewardsin a Mixed Economy(In Three Volumes) Volume Ill: Statistical AnnexOctober 7,1988

Country Operations DivisionCountry Department IIAsia Region

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Document of the World Bank

This report has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwisebe disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

Currency Unit = Ringgit (M$)M$1.0 = US$0.39US$1.0 = M$2.59

(as of May 1988)

FISCAL YEAR

January 1 - December 31

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CC = Capital Issues CommitteeCICU = Central Information Collection UnitDOS = Department of StatisticsEPF - Employee Provident FundEPU - Economic Planning UnitFELDA = Federal Land Development Authority5MP = Fifth Malaysia PlanFIMA = Food Industries of MalaysiaFTZ = Free Trade ZoneCDP = Gross Domestic ProductGNP = Gross National ProductHICOM = Heavy Industrial Corporation of MalaysiaICU = Implementation Coordinatilin UnitIMP = Industrial Master PlanKLSE Kuala Lumpur Stock ExchangeKTM = Malayan RailwayLPN = National Paddy and Rice AuthorityMARA Majlis Amanah RakyatMDB = Manpower Development BoardMIDA = Malaysian Industrial Development AuthorityMIPS = Malaysian Industrial Policy StudiesMOF Ministry of FinanceMPE = Ministry of PublicNEP = New Economic PoliciesNFPE Non-Financial Publi. EnterprisesPERNAS Perbadanan Nasional BerhadPETRONAS = Petroliam Nasional BerhadPNB = Permodalan Nasional BerhadRISDA = Rubber Industry Smallholders Development AuthoritySADC = State Agriculture Development CorporationSEDC = State Economic Development CorporationSLCHP Special Low Cost Housing ProgramVAT = Value Added Tax

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

-1-MALAYSIA

MATCHING RISKS AND REWARDS IN A MIXED ECONOMY

VOLUME II1: STATISTICAL ANNEX

Table of Contents

Part I

Table No. Standard Tables Paae No.

1 National Accounts Summary -t Current Prices. 12 National Accounts Sumaary at Constant 1978 Prices. 23 Implicit Deflators for National Accounts. 34 Balance of Paymenta Summary at Current Prices. 45 External Debt Disbursements and Repaymenti. 56 External Debt Interest and Outstandings. 67 External Trade. 78 Fiscal and Monetary Indicators .8

Table No. Part II

SECTION I - POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES

1.1 Population by State ........................................ 91.2 Population by Age Group .................................... 101.3 Population by Ethnic Group ................................. 111.4 Selected Socioeconomic Statistics .......................... 121.5 Employment by Sector ....................................... 131.6 Population Size and Age Structure, 1980-90 ................. 141.7 Percentage Distribution of Unemployment by Labor Force

Status . 151.8 Percentage Distribution of Inactively Unemployed by

Reasons for Not Seeking Work and Education .161.9 Percentage of Unemployed without Work Experience by Age .... 171.10 Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Industry.... 181.11 Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Industry

and Urban/Rural Stratum, 1986 ............................ 191.12 Interindustry Real Wages, 1968-81 .201.13 Wage Dispersion in Manufacturing .211.14 Annual Real Manufacturing Wages per Worker by

Occupational Groups, 1969-83 .221.15 Wages of Workers in Selected Occupations in

Manufacturing Industries .231.16 Average Monthly Earnings of Selected Occupations in

Construction Industry as at July 31, 1984 and 1986 .241.17 Percentage Growth Rates of Wages. Earnings and Prices:

Oil Palm and Rubber Estates .251.18 Changes in the Basic (Minimum) Monthly Salary of Selected

Occupations for Workers with Three Years Experience .261.19 Recurrent Cost of Tertiary Education per Studeut

Year, 1987 ............................................... 271.20 Annual Recurrent Expenditure and Cost per Student,

1982-84 .................................................. 281.21 Average Monthly Salary and Earnings by Education Level.

1984 ..................................................... 29

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performa.uceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorizaiion.

- ii -

SECTION II - NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

2.1 GDP and GNP, 1970 Price Series ............................. 302.2 GDP by Industrial Origin, 1970 Price Series ................ 312.3 GDP by Industrial Origin, 1978 Prices ...................... 32

SECTION III - PUBLIC FINANCE

3.1 Consolidated Public Sector Expenditure and Financing ....... 333.2 Federal Government Expenditure ............................. 343.3 Federal Goverrament Net Borrowing ........................... 353.4 Federal Government Outstanding Debt .......... .............. 363.5 Federal Government Outstanding Loans ......... .............. 373.6 Federal Government Revenue ................... .............. 38

SECTION IV - MONEY AND BANKING

4.1 Balance of Payments, Consolidated Account .................. 394.2 Balance of Payments, Current Account ....................... 404.3 Major Exports ............................................ 414.4 Minor Exports ............................................ 424.5 Gross Exports by Commodity Section ......................... 434.6 Gross Imports by Commodity Section ......................... 444.7 Gross Imports by Economic Function ......................... 454.8 Direction of External Trade ................................ 464.9 Exchange Rates and External Reserves ....................... 474.10 Peninsular Malaysia - Terms of Trade .484.11 Exports of Manufactured Goods .49

SECTION V - MONEY AND BANKING

5.1 Money Supply and Private Sector Liquidity .................. 505.2 Commercial Banks - Classification of Loans and Advances .... 515.3 Finance Companies - Classification of Loans by Sector ...... 525.4 Interest Rates in Malaysia ................................. 535.5 Structure of the Financial System .......................... 545.6 Loans Deposits Growth in the Banking System ................ 555.7 Interest Margins ........................................... 565.8 Malaysia Commercial Banks: Credit to Priority

Sectors, 1977-84 ......................................... 575.9 Credit Allocations of Banking System ....................... 58

SECTION VI - PRICE INDICES

6.1 Consumer Price Index, 1967 Base ............................ 596.2 Consumer Price Index, 1980 Base ............................ 606.3 Producer Price Index, 1972 Base ............................ 616.4 Producer Price Index, 1978 Base ............................ 62

- iii -

SECTION VII - INDUSTRIAL SECTOR AND INVESTMENT

7.1 Peninsular Malaysia - Index of Industrial Prbduction,1968 Base .. ................ 63

7.2 Peninsular Malaysia - Index of Industrial Production,1981 Base ................................................ 64

7.3 Peninsular Malaysia - Production of Selected ManufacturedProducts ................................................. 65

7.4 Value Added by Manufacturing Sector . . 667.5 Capital Account.o ........................ 677.6 Financing Investment ...................................... 687.7 Investment in Fixed Assests by Industry . . 697.8 Capital Expenditure by Industry ............................ 707.9 Breakdown of Private Investment . . 71

SECTION VIII - AGRICULTURE AND MINERAL SECTOR

8.1 Production of Agricultural Commodities . . . 728.2 Crop Areas ................................................. 738.3 Value Added by Agricultural Subsector, 1970 Prices ......... 748.4 Value Added by Agricultural Subsector, 1978 Prices ......... 758.5 Production of Major Minerals . . . 76

SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS

9.1 Peninsular Malaysia: Incidence of Poverty ................. 779.2 Malaysia: Ownership and Control of the Corporate Sector ... 78

Table 1: NATIONAL ACCOUNTS SUIQURY AT CURRENT PRICES(NO million)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Origin and Use of ResourcesA.l, GDP at arket prices 9,583.0 12,856.0 23,325.0 53,308.0 57,613.0 62,579.0 69,565.1 79,550.1 77,547.0 71,144.0 78,690.0

2. Net indirect taxes 1,242.0 1,257.0 3,343.0 9,139.0 8,834.0 8,759.0 10,310.0 ..3. GDP at factor cost 8,341.0 11,599.0 19,982.0 44,169.0 48,779.0 53,820.0 59,255.0 ..4. Agriculture 2,670.0 3,667.0 6,527.0 11,680.0 11,962.0 12,807.0 13,555.0 ..5. Industry 2,427.0 3,246.0 7,303.0 20,164.0 21,409.0 21,851.0 24,835.0 ..

a. Manufacturing 868.0 1,531.0 3,931.0 11,002.0 11,542.0 11,419.0 12,935.0 ..b. Mining and quarrying 1,065.0 1,053.0 2,203.0 5,826.0 5,648.0 5,770.0 6,569.0c. Other (by difference) 494.0 662.0 1,169.0 3,336.0 4,219.0 4,662.0 5,331.0

6. Services, etc. 4.486.0 5,943.0 9,495.0 21,464.0 24,242.0 27,921.0 31,175.0 ..B.1. Resource balance 413.0 539.0 123.0 1,334.0 (3,563.0) (5,454.0) (3,698.0) 1,518.0 4,028.0 4.574.0 10,717.0

2. Exports of goods & NFS 4,069.0 5.404.0 10.187.0 30,676.0 30,154.0 31.846.0 36,298.0 43,171.0 42,537.0 40,722.0 50.517.03. Imports of goods & NFS 3,656.0 4,865.0 10,064.0 29.342.0 33,717.0 37,300.0 39,996.0 41,653.0 38,509.0 36,148.0 39,846.0

C.l. Doasetic absorption 9,170.0 12,317.0 23,202.0 51,974.0 61,176.0 68,033.1 73,263.1 78,032.1 73,519.1 66,570.1 68,019.0D.Il Total consumption, etc. 7,280.0 9,435.0 17,302.0 35,757.0 41,019.0 44,695.0 48,154.0 51,335.0 52,204.0 48,701.0 49,672.02. Private 5,869.0 7,417.0 13,172.0 26,946.0 30,594.0 33,226.0 35,998.0 39,594.0 40,360.0 36,574.0 37,362.0

a. Statistical discrepancy .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03. General government 1,411.0 2,018.0 4,130.0 8,811.0 10,425.0 11,469.0 12.156.0 11,741.0 11,844.0 12.127.0 12.310.0

E.I. Gross domestic investment 1,890.0 2,882.0 5,900.0 16,217.0 20,157.0 23,338.0 25,109.0 26,697.0 21,315.0 17,869.0 18,347.02. Fixed investment 1,639.0 2,430.0 6,199.0 16,597.0 20,759.0 22,745.0 24,534.0 25,391.0 23,124.0 18,865.0 17,783.03. Increase in stocks 251.0 452.0 (299.0) (380.0) (602.0) 593.0 575.0 1,3D6.0 (1,809.0) (996.0) (564.0)

Memorandum ItemG.l. Net factor income from abroad (252.0) (339.0) (700.0) (1,918.0) (2,011.0) (2,889.0) (4,411.0) (5,368.0) (5,709.0) (5,293.0) (5,212.0)

2. Net current transfers froe abroad .. (199.0) (115.5) (94.1) (126.1) (124.0) (80.9) (147.0) (112.8) (48.9) (62.0)3. GroBS national product 9,331.0 12,517.0 22,625.0 51,390.0 55,602.0 59,690.0 6b.154.0 74,182.0 71,838.1 65,851.1 73,478.0

H.l. Gross domestic saving 2,303.0 3,421.0 6,023.0 17,551.0 16,594.0 17,884.0 21,411.0 28,215.0 25,343.0 22,443.0 29,018.02. Gross national saving *- 2,883.0 5,207.5 15,538.9 14,456.9 14,871.0 16,919.1 22,700.0 19,521.2 17,101.1 23,744.0

I.l. Exports of goods and NFS as per B0P 76.5 5,366.3 10,173.3 30,688.9 30,152.5 31,875.8 36,340.6 43,247.3 42,625.4 40,672.3 50,686.2a. Difference with NA (X) (5,217.0) (1.0) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2. Imports of goods and NFS as per BOP 3,707.1 4,806.1 10,565.5 29,362.9 33,871.6 37,531.1 40,228.9 41,819.2 38,651.8 36,325.2 39,967.7a. Difference with NA (2) 1.0 (1.0) 5.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3. Net factor income as per BOP (257.1) (355.1) (719.6) (1,901.1) (1,930.6) (2,679.1) (4,207.8) (5,255.1) (5,727.9) (5,096.3) (5.188.7)a. Difference w/ NA (X of line 1.1) 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (1.0) (1.0) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0.

4. Net current transfers as per 80P 0.0 (199.0) (115.5) (94.1) (126.1) (124.0) (80.9) (147.0) (112.8) (48.9) (62.0)a. Difference w/ NA (I of line 1.1) .o0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exchange RatesJ.l IFS conversion rate 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.52. IEC conversion rate 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.5

lemorandua ItemGDP at _erket prices (Current US$ mln) 3.130.5 4.199.7 9,712.3 24,488.0 25,004.6 26,795.8 29,968.1 33,943.5 31.269.0 27,575.2 31,226.2

Table 2: EfOSAL ACCOUT SiUf AT CONSTANT 1978 PlICES(t$ million)

1I65 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 19S3 1964 1985 1986 1987

OIi and U e of ResourcesA.l.GDP at strut Pri Rcs 15,582.0 20,944.0 29,549.0 44,512.0 47,602.0 50,430.0 53,582.0 57.741.0 57,150.0 57,859.0 61,008.0

2. Net Indirect taxes 1,383.0 1,203.0 3,103.0 8,071.0 7,745.0 7,747.0 9,216.0 10,214.0 9,968.0 .. ..3. CDP at factor coat 14,199.0 19,741.0 26,446.0 36,441.0 39,857.0 42,683.0 44,366.0 47,527.0 47,182.0 49,598.0 52.780.04. Agriculture .. 6,439.0 8,146.0 10,189.0 10,684.0 11,375.0 11,302.0 11,623.0 11,914.0 12,389.0 13,323.05. Industry .. 6,851.0 9,467.0 15,935.0 16,500.0 17,604.0 19,436.0 21,662.0 20,934.0 21.926.0 23,420.0

a. IMnufacturing .. 2,907.0 5,020.0 8,742.0 9,155.0 9,668.0 10,429.0 11,711.0 11,263.0 12,111.0 13,655.0b. Mining and quarrying .. 2,888.0 2,940.0 4,487.0 4,289.0 4,617.0 5,342.0 6.073.0 5,985.0 6,433.0 6,442.0c. Other (by difference) .. 1,056.0 1,507.0 2,706.0 3,056.0 3,319.0 3.665.0 3,878.0 3.686.0 3.382.0 3.323.0

6. Services, etc. .. 7,654.0 11,936.0 18,388.0 20,418.0 21,451.0 22,844.0 24,456.0 24,302.0 23,544.0 24,265.0B.l. Risource balance 295.0 1,638.0 2,632.0 (1.295.0) (2,820.0) (3,898.0) (3,421.0) (1,614.0) 1 848.0 8,270.0 10,680.0

2. Exports of goods & NPS 7,430.0 10,657.0 14,179.0 22,619.0 22,431.0 24,826.0 27,889.0 31,733.0 3, .75.0 37,486.0 41,706.03. loports of goods & N7S 7,135.0 9,019.0 11,547.0 23,914.0 25,251.0 28,724.0 31,310.0 33,347.0 30,027.0 29,216.0 31,026.0

C.l. Domestic absorption 15,287.0 19,306.0 26,917.0 45,807.0 50,422.0 54,328.0 57,003.0 59,355.0 55,302.0 49,589.0 50,328.0D.1. Total consumption 12,152.0 14,545.0 20,073.0 32,195.0 34,470.0 36,083.0 37,365.0 38.642.0 38.716.0 35.905.0 36,342.0

2. Private 9,878.0 11,575.0 15.244.0 24,445.0 25,686.0 26,531.0 27.376.0 29,142.0 29,299.0 26.369.0 26.666.0 t

a. Statistical discrepancy .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03. General governmeat 2,274.0 2,970.0 4,829.0 7,750.0 8,784.0 9,552.0 q,989.0 9,500.0 9,417.0 9,536.0 9,676.0

B.. Gross domestic investmnet 3,135.0 4,761.0 6,844.0 13.612.0 15,952.0 18,245.0 19,638.0 20,713.0 16,586.0 13,684.0 13,986.02. Fixed Investment 2,725.0 4,024.0 7,213.0 13,931.0 16,450.0 17,767.0 19,193.0 19,761.0 17,888.0 14,601.0 13,627.03. Increase in stocks 410.0 737.0 (369.0) (319.0) (498.0) 478.0 445.0 952.0 (1,302.0) (917.0) (359.0)

Memorandus ItemG.i. Net factor income from abroad (521.0) (678.0) (869.0) (1,562.0) (1,427.0) (2,136.0) (3,424.0) (4,226.0) (4,410.0) (4,014.0) (3,808.0)

2. Net current transfers from abroad .. (324.2) (146.3) (78.5) (104.2) (99.9) (62.3) (106.7) (83.1) (39.8) (48.1)3. Gross national product 15,061.0 20,266.0 28,680.0 42,950.0 46,175.0 48,294.0 50,158.0 53,515.0 52,740.0 53,845.0 57,200.0

H.1. Gross domestic saving 3,941.0 5,760.2 6,985.1 14,699.2 13,283.6 14,045.0 16,743.1 21,928.3 19,726.8 17,380.9 22,295.02. Gross national saving .. 4,758.0 5,969.8 13,058.7 11,752.4 11,809.1 13,256.8 17,595.6 15,233.7 13,327.1 18,438.9

1.1. Capacity to import 7,941.0 10,018.2 11,688.1 25,001.2 22,582.6 24,524.0 28,415.1 34,562.3 33,167.8 32,912.9 39,335.02. Term of trade adjustment 511.0 (638.8) (2,490.9) 2,382.2 151.6 (302.0) 526.1 2,829.3 1,292.8 (4,573.1) (2,371.0)3. Gross domestic income 16,093.0 20,305.2 27,058.1 46,894.2 47,753.6 50,128.0 54.108.1 60,570.3 58,442.8 53,285.9 58,637.04. Gross national inco e 15,572.0 19,627.2 26,189.1 45,332.2 46,326.6 47,992.0 50,684.1 56,344.3 54,032.8 49,271.9 54,829.0

Table 3t DWUCIT DMATORS POk BTIOIL ACCOUTs(NO, 1978 - 100)

1965 1970 1975 1960 1981 1982 19S3 1984 1985 1986 1987

Origin and 17e of Resourcesa.l. GDP *t _rket priees 61.5 61.4 78.9 119.8 121.0 124.1 129.8 137.8 135.7 123.0 129.0

2. Net indirect taxes 89.8 104.5 107.7 113.2 114.1 113.1 111.9 .. ..3. GDP at factor cost 58.7 58.8 75.6 121.2 122.4 126.1 133.6 ..4. Agriculture .. 56.9 80.1 114.6 112.0 112.6 119.9 ..5. Industry .. 47.4 77.1 126.5 129.8 124.1 127.8 ..

a. Manufacturtig .. 52.7 78.3 125.9 126.1 118.1 124.0 ..b. Itning and quarrying *- 36.5 74.9 129.8 M31.7 125.0 123.0 .. ..c. Other (by dlfferance) .. 62.7 77.6 123.3 138.1 140.5 145.5 ..

6. Services, etc. .. 77.6 79.5 116.7 118.7 130.2 136.5 ..B.1. Ter_ of Trade (ft/Pn) 106.9 94.0 82.4 110.5 100.7 98.8 101.9 108.9 104.1 87.8 94.3

2. Exports of goods 6 NPS 54.8 50.7 71.8 135.6 134.4 128.3 130.2 136.0 133.4 108.6 121.13. Imports of goods & NFS 51.2 53.9 87.2 122.7 133.5 129.9 127.7 124.9 128.2 123.7 128.4

C.I. Domestic absorption 60.0 63.8 86.2 113.5 121.3 125.2 128.5 131.5 132.9 134.2 135 2D.I. Total consumption 59.9 64.9 86.2 111.1 119.0 123.9 128.9 132.8 134.8 135.6 136.7

2. Private 62.0 67.9 85.5 113.7 118.7 120.1 121.7 123.6 125.8 127.2 127.23. General governmeut 59.4 64.1 86.4 110.1 119.1 125.2 131.5 135.9 137.8 138.7 140.1

R.1. Gross domettic investment 60.3 60.5 86.2 119.1 126.4 127.9 127.9 128.9 128.5 130.6 131.22. Fixed investment 60.1 60.4 85.9 119.1 126.2 128.0 127.8 128.5 129.3 129.2 130.53. Increase In stocks 61.2 61.3 81.0 119.1 120.9 124.1 129.2 137.2 138.9 108.6 157.1

Merandua ItemV.1. Net factor income from abroad 48.4 50.0 80.6 122.8 140.9 135.3 128.8 127.0 129.5 131.9 136.9

2. Net current tranfere fron abroad .. 61.4 78.9 119.8 121.0 124.1 129.8 137.8 135.7 123.0 129.03. Gross national product 62.0 61.8 78.9 119.7 120.4 123.6 129.9 138.6 136.2 122.3 128.5

G.1. Gross dosestic saving 58.4 59.4 86.2 119.4 124.9 127.3 127.9 128.7 128.5 129.1 130.22. Gross national saving .. 60.6 87.2 119.0 123.0 125.9 127.6 129.0 i28.1 128.3 128.8

R.I. EPD merchandise trade indices2. Expert prices (px) USS. 1980-100 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 91.0 82.1 83.3 86.4 77.9 63.0 76.63. Import prices (pm) US$. 1980-100 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 101.6 97.0 94.6 92.6 91.7 99.1 109.24. Term of Trade (ft/fm) 0.0 0.0 0 0 100.0 89.6 84.7 88.1 93.3 84.9 63.6 70.2

Table 4: BALANCB OF PAYTUTS SOaRY AT CURSET PlICES(U1$ tillion)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

A.1. Exporta pf goods & NFS (FOB) 25.0 1,753.0 4,236.1 14,097.5 13,086.4 13,649.0 15,655.3 18,453.4 1?,187.6 15,768.3 20,113.62. Merchandise .. 1,640.0 3,783.5 12,868.4 11,674.8 11,966.3 13,683.1 16,406.9 15,135.4 13,665.8 17,668.0

a. of which: Manufactures 74.8 124.8 689.2 2,464.0 2,358.6 2,780.9 3,518.4 4,404.1 4,528.0 4,977.4 6,829.93. Nonfactor Services 25.0 113.0 452.5 1,229.2 1,411.7 1,682.7 1,972.2 2,046.4 2,052.2 2,102.0 2,445.6

8.1. Imports of goods & UPS (FOB) 1,211.0 1,570.0 4,399.4 13,488.4 14,700.6 16,070.5 17,330.3 17,844.0 15,585.4 14,091.2 15,860.22. Merchandise 1,056.0 1,291.0 3,527.1 10,462.2 11,780.2 12,719.1 13,251.4 13,426.1 11,557.4 10,273.4 11,843.0

S. of whicht Manufactures 602.2 812.1 2,406.0 7,78S.7 8,441.5 9,591.1 10,263.3 10,973.8 9,405.3 9,260.2 9,982.03. Nonfactor servicea 155.0 279.0 872.2 3,026.2 2,920.4 3,351.4 4,078.9 4,417.9 4,049.0 3,817.7 4,017.2

C.l. Resource balance (1,186.0) 183.0 (163.3) S09.1 (1,614.2) (2,421.5) (1,675.0) 609.4 1,581.3 1,677.1 4,253.4D.1. Net factor Income (84.0) (116.0) (299.7) (873.3) (837.9) (1,147.2) (1,812.7) (2,242.3) (2,269.4) (1,679.4) (2,059.0)

2. Factor receipts 55.0 77.0 156.1 738.6 792.2 649.6 562.3 613.6 590.9 535.1 681.1a. of which labor income .. .. 4.1 .. .. .. ..

3. Factor payments 139.0 193.0 455.8 1,611.9 1,630.1 1,796.8 2,375.0 2.855.9 2,860.3 2,214.5 2.740,ia. of vhich LT Interest (DRS) .. 25.1 84.9 337.9 515.1 724.6 938.3 1,316.4 1,492.2 1,398.3 1,460.9

E.l. Net current transfers (private) 0.0 (65.0) (48.1) (43.2) (54.7) (53.1) (34.8) (62.7) (45.5) (18.9) (24.6)2. Transfer receipts 0.0 10.0 35.1 41.4 42.1 45.4 41.4 33.7 39.1 56.8 61.9

a. of which workers' remittances 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03. Transfer payment 0.0 75.0 83.2 84.6 96.8 98.5 76,2 96.5 84.6 75.7 86.5

F.l. Current acet bal (excl off trans) .. 2.0 (510.9) (307.3) (2,506.8) (3.621.8) (3.522.6) (1.695.7) (733.5) (21.2) 2.169.8G.1. Long-term capital inflow 94.0 102.0 737.4 1,043.0 2,594.7 3,626.6 3,992.2 3.167.6 1.622.5 1,332.1 (275.0)

2. Net direct investmnt 49.0 94.0 350.5 933.8 1,264.6 1,397.2 1,260.6 797.5 694.6 552.8 575.53. Net official transfers 45.0 6.0 15.1 22.5 20.8 21.1 25.8 24.3 39.9 56.0 166.74. Net LT loans (DRtS) .. 0.8 757.4 1,111.1 2,331.8 3,915.9 3.177.0 2,383.7 739.4 408.0 (737.6)

a. disbursements .. 57.6 892.9 1,456.2 2,766.0 4,509.7 3,890.2 3,508.1 4,389.0 2,225.7 1,959.1b. repayments .. 56.8 135.5 345.1 434.2 593.8 713.2 1,124.4 3,649.6 1,817.7 2,696.7

5. Other LT inflows (net) .. 1.2 (385.6) (1,024.4) (1,022.5) (1,707.7) (471.1) (37.9) 148.4 315.3 (279.6)R.I. Other item (net) .. (90.4) (161.0) (267.5) (540.2) (266.8) (302.5) (986.1) 262.5 144.4 (776.1)

2. Net short-term capital .. (6.0) (65.9) 414.6 49.1 139.9 67.0 (122.0) 354.6 32.4 (955-7)3. Capital flows n.e.i. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04. Errors and omissions (115.0) (84.4) (95.1) (682.1) (589.2) (406.7) (369.6) (864.1) (92.2) 112.0 179.6

1.1. Changes in net reserves (21.3) (13.6) (65.5) (468.3) 452.2 262.0 (167.1) (485.9) (1.151.0) (1,455.2) (1,118.6)2. Use of Dm credit .. .. .. .. 220.9 53.0 56.0 (72.2) (139.9) (117.8) 0.03. Othet reserve changes - (21.3) (13.6) (65.5) (468.3) 231.3 209.0 (223.1) (413.7) (1,011.2) (1,337.4) (1,118.6)

Memorandum ItemeJ.l. Ezporta of goods (UN Trade System) 1,234.3 1,686.6 3,846.6 12,939.2 11,733,9 12,A26.7 14,130.0 16,432.0 15,441.0 13,874.1 17,921.2

a. Difference with BOP (2) .. 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 (1.0)2. Imports of Goods (UN Trade System) 1,115.0 1,390.0 3,851.0 11,602.0 13,052.0 14,042.0 14,669.0 14,849.0 12,746.0 11,447.0 12,505.9

a. Difference with S0P (2) 6.0 8.0 9.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 11.0 6.0V.I. 8oldisga of Reserves

(IFS line 11.d+gold at ckt pr.) 469.9 667.5 1,688.9 5,755.0 5,024.2 4.832.4 4,672.6 4,441.6 5,677.0 6,942.J 8.572.9

Table 5 t UTBIRW DMB DZSW1RSUWnT AND WATNEIW(0s$ million at current prices)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1924 1985 1986 19"7

Disburseeuet.A. Pulc6Pbil tr . . 45.4 588.4 1,015.1 2,107.4 2,882.3 3,003.9 2,823.6 3,741.2 1,299.6 1,564.0

1. Official Creditors . 39.3 155.4 211.1 384.4 266.8 419.5 1,003.5 309.0 201.5 485.0

a. Hultilateral .. 21.8 73.7 118.5 148.3 184.7 162.0 133.5 122.8 106.9 230.0

A& of which IUD .. 21.3 53.0 80.1 106. 123.9 116.3 89.1 75.4 66.1 109.9

ab of which IDA .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

b. Bilateral .. 17.5 81.7 92.6 236.1 82.1 237.5 870.0 186.2 94.6 255.0

2. Private Creditors . 6.1 433.0 804.0 1,723.0 2,615.5 2,524.4 1,820.1 3,432.2 1,09.1 1,079.0

a. Suppliers .. 4.6 22.4 124.7 41.7 8.9 175.0 160.5 178.3 58.9 54.0

b Financial Iarhate . 1.5 410.6 679.3 1,681.3 2,606.6 2,409.4 1,659.6 3,253.9 1,039.2 1,025.0

B. Private Bonuartanteed LT .. 12.2 304.5 441.1 658.6 1,627.4 886.3 624.5 647.8 900.5 985.4

C. Total LT Disburse easte WSB) .. 7.6 892.9 1,456.2 2,766.0 4,509.7 3.890.2 3,508.1 4,389.0 2,200.1 2,549.4

D. 111F Purchasses. 0.0 0.0 0.0 223.7 64.6 120.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

E. let Short-Tama Capital .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

F. Total Disbursements (C+D49) .. 57.6 892.9 1,456.2 2,989.7 4,574.3 4,011.0 3,508.1 4,389.0 2,200.1 2,549.4

A.iblic Publicly muar. LT . 47.4 86.2 126.9 143.3 258.0 353.4 550.0 3,146.9 1,069.8 1,869.7

1. Official Creditor. . 15.9 21.8 76.6 97.6 98.1 117.1 149.9 185.8 266.0 334.7

a. Multilateral .. 4.9 10.3 31.9 44.5 51.6 65.9 73.4 89.9 132.5 142.7

ma Of wicth 1I80 D 4.9 8.5 24.0 33., 41.6 55.1 57.3 71.7 108.9 117.3

ab of utlich IDA .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0b. Bilateral .. 11.0 11.5 44.7 53.1 46.5 51.2 76.5 95.9 153.5 192.0

2. Private Creditors . 31.5 64. 50.3 45.7 159.9 236.3 400.1 2,961.1 783.8 1,535.0

a. Suppliers . 1.4 3.0 11.3 11.9 11.8 14.1 29.4 165.2 59.4 99.0

b. Financial Narkata 30.1 61.4 39.(' 33.8 148.1 222.2 370.7 2,795.9 724.4 1,436.0

a. Private Nonguartateed LT . 9.4 49.3 218.2 290. 335.8 359.8 574.4 556.3 803.3 587.0

C. Total LT Repayments (AMD) .. 56.8 13.5.5 345.1 434.2 593.8 713.2 1,124.4 3,703.2 1,873.1 2,456.7

D. IMP Rapurchamm s 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.4 53.5 158.0 125.8 0.0

Vaaorandua IteeArrears (Principal) .. 0.1 0O.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

CommitmentsIWDcaotitmnts .. 41.5 63.5 105.0 127.0 152.3 143.1 70.0 156.6 319.3

of which fact diaburmSin .. .. .. ..

IDA cinituents .. ... .. .

of which fast disbursing ... .. .. .

Table 6 s 8H3EIL DUST INTEREST AND OVTSTAUDINCS(U1$ illlon at current prices)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

intereetA. PubiLc 8 Publicly OSr. LT .. 21.9 60.2 249.7 348.8 537.4 690.5 1,075.3 1,272.5 1,172.6 1,181.1

1. Official Creditor .. 13.2 32.5 86.2 93.0 96.5 110.0 131.6 178.9 208.8 272.1a. Multilateral .. 7.9 22.4 60.0 64.0 69.5 79.0 82.1 S9.7 109.5 130.1a of wbicb IBD .. 7.8 19.6 39.3 43.4 46.1 51.9 53.0 55.5 73.4 82.9ab of cb 1D .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

b. Silateral .. 5.3 10.1 26.2 29.0 27.0 31.0 49.5 89.2 99.3 142.0*2. Private Creditors .. 8.7 27.7 163.5 255.8 440.9 580.5 943.7 1,093.6 964.0 909.0a. Suppliers .. 0.5 0.9 11.7 14.4 17.0 23.1 42.4 53.5 45.2 59.0b. Fiancial Markets *. 8.2 26.8 151.8 241.4 423.9 557.4 901.3 1.040.1 918.8 850.0

S. Private Nonguranteed T .. 3.2 24.7 88.2 166.3 187.2 247.8 241.1 217.9 221.0 259.0C. Total LT Interest () .- 25.1 84.9 337.9 515.1 724.6 938.3 1,316.4 1,490.4 1,393.8 1,440.1D. III Service Charges .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 14.9 20.5 20.4 16.5 3.7 0.0e. Interest Paid an ST Debt .. 0.0 0.0 138.0 194.0 191.0 179.0 204.0 224.0 171.0 193.0F. Total Interest Paid (0401) .. 25.1 84.9 475.9 710.7 930.5 1,137.8 1,540.8 1,730.9 1,568.5 1,633.1

Memorandum ItemArretrs (loterest) .. 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Debt Omtst L & Disbureed (DOD)rTiicF aICiy Gear. LT 389.9 1,341.6 3,947.7 5,681.0 8,137.1 11,825.4 13,204.0 15,118.6 16,941.2 18,000.4

1. Official Creditors .. 265.3 618.7 1,443.7 1,663.4 1,777.6 2,068.0 2,685.0 3,321.1 3,871.7 4,736.4a. Multilateral .. 141.4 318.6 745.0 848.7 982.0 1,097.8 1,039.5 1,211.8 1,363.1 1,656.4

e of which DRD .. 140.9 270.9 504.4 577.2 659.6 720.9 634.7 776.1 907.5 1,113.6ab of wbich IDA .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

b. Ulateral .. 123.9 300.1 698.7 814.7 795.6 970.2 1,645.5 2,109.3 2,508.6 3,080.02. Private Creditors .. 124.6 722.9 2,504.0 4,017.6 6,359.5 9,757.4 10,519.0 11,797.5 13,069.5 13,264.0a. Suppliers .. 10.9 31.6 194.5 208.4 192.3 422.8 531.9 621.0 723.7 679D0b. inAncial Nrkets .. 113.7 691.3 2,309.5 3,809.2 6,167.2 9,334.6 9,987.1 11,176.5 12,345.8 12,585.0

B. Private Nonguarenteed LT .. 49.8 501.7 1,248.3 1,637.1 3,198.4 2,731.5 2,775.2 2,960.3 2,891.0 3,016.0C. Total LT DOD (*+) .. 439.7 1,843.3 5,196.0 7,318.1 11,335.5 14,556.9 15,979.2 18,078.9 19,832.2 21,016.4D. Use of Ir Credit Outstanding .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 220.9 273.8 329.9 257.7 117.8 0.0 0.0S. Short-Term Debt .. 0.0 0.0 1,355.0 1,624.0 1,723.0 3,027.0 2,531.0 2,685.0 2,413.0 2,008.0F. Total External Debt (0+DM) .. 439.7 1,843.3 6,351.0 9,163.0 13,332.3 17,913.8 18,767.9 20,881.7 22,245.2 23,024.4

Norand Ite.S on Couceaslono Term .. 227.6 371.1 665.8 686.9 650.1 731.5 944.2 1,291.6 1,541.0 1,775.02 at Variable Interest Rates .- 0.0 465.6 1,356.5 2,797.6 4,984.1 6,847.8 7,813.9 8,128.6 8,752.6 8,800.0

Table 7: UMTDAL TSUE

1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

lnorts (CuF) (Cur. us$ *ln)Food 275.2 279.3 681.5 1,321.4 1,615.8 1,569.1 1,583.2 1,653.4 0.0 1,170.7 0.0Nenfood agriculture products 57.9 49.5 96.8 268.1 278.5 259.5 255.8 277.5 0.0 161.3 0.0Metals and minerals 49.9 81.4 203.7 465.7 473.0 499.2 544.0 433.6 0.0 252.7 0.0Fuela 129.8 167.8 463.0 1,758.1 2,243.2 2,123.1 2,022.7 1,510.8 ..Nenufacturee 602.2 812.1 2,406.0 7,788.7 8,441.5 9,591.1 10,263.3 10,973.8

Total 1,115.0 1.390.0 3,851.0 11.602.0 13,052.0 14,042.0 14.669.0 14.849.0 12.746.0 11,7.0 12,559.9

kSOrts (FOB) (Cu?r. 38$ U1D)Food 116.9 208.2 885.6 1,946.1 1,978.6 1,917.3 2,217.2 3.166.2 0.0 1,939.6 0.0Nonfood agriculture products 611.4 848.2 1,319.7 4,010.7 3,213.9 3,128.5 3,421.0 3,320.5 0.0 3,S89.3 0.0tetals and minerals 348.4 381.5 533.6 1,319.9 1,058.9 752.1 895.7 659.4 0.0 399.0 0.0

fuela 82.8 123.9 418.6 3,198.5 3,123.9 3,447.9 4,077.7 4,881.8Manufactures 74.8 124.8 689.2 2,464.0 2,358.6 2,780.9 3,518.4 4.404.1 4,528.0 4,974.0

Total 1.234.3 1.686.6 3.846.6 12,939.2 11.733.9 12.026.7 14,130.0 16,432.0 15.441.0 13,874.1 15.012.0

Imprts (C1F) (Cost. 1980 us8 Ulu)Ftaood agriculture pr"utte 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Nofood adiulture producte 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Natal. *nd dneral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Fuele 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

aoufa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total e0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exports (OD) (Conest. 1980 USS$ .1.)Food 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Naufood *grteulture producte 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.0 0.0

Totalc ald mieral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Fuele 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

aduf acturea 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

M otal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Manort Deflatore (198C - 100)Food 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Nonfood agriculture products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Metals and minerals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Fuels 4.3 4.3 35.7 100.0 112.5 101.6 92.5 90.2 87.5 44.6 56.9Manufactures 30.0 34.8 62.8 100.0 100.5 99.1 96.6 94.9 95.9 113.4 125.4

Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Export Deflator. (1980 * 100)Food 0. 0. 0. 0.O. . . . . . .Nionfood agriculture producte 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Naetal, and mineral. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Fuel. 4.3 4.3 35.7 100.0 112.5 101.6 92.5 90.2 87.5 45.0 56.9Manufacture. 24.9 24.5 43.7 100.0 8n.6 80.3 78.6 77.2 76.6 90.5 100.1

Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 91.1 82.2 82.8 83.9 76.7 68.1 72.0

Table 8: FISCAL AMD IONSTART INDICATORS(N$ llion)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 198 1985 1986 1987

Mone and Candit

A. Mosy + quaa-uouey (IFS 34+35) 2,444.4 4,122.6 10,001.0 27,436.3 32,339.2 37,618.1 41,162.9 45,858.4 48,919.6 54,307.8

S. Total net cosestic credit (32) 1,017.3 2,274.6 7,389.9 22,367.7 30,213.8 36,725.9 42,622.6 50,501.4 53,443.6 58,212.6

1. To government (net) (32 an) (101.3) 29.7 1,312.9 548.6 2,786.0 4,617.3 4,203.8 4,770.5 1,654.1 2,800.5

2. To official entities (32b) .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..

3. To private sector (32d) 1,119.0 2,245.0 6,077.0 20,346.0 24,976.1 29,196.9 35,402.9 41,975.8 47,849.0 51,275.2 ..

C. Nst foreign assets (31n) 1,633.1 2,101.2 3,744.6 9,356.8 7,701.3 7,651.0 7,137.6 5,486.2 8,811.7 13,988.9

D. Other Item (net) (37r) 214.7 245.8 1,133.5 4,295.0 5,575.9 6,758.8 8,597.4 10,129.2 13,335.7 17,899.7

Public Fnnce

A. Total re_ .. .. 5,082.0 13,926.0 15,806.0 16,690.0 18,608.0 20,805.0 21,114.0 19,518.0 17,861.0

B. Total expenditure .. .. 6,916.0 20,948.0 26,821.0 27,860.0 27,790.0 27,880.0 26,822.0 27,024.0 24,949.0

C. Overall balance .. .. (1,834.0) (7,022.0) (11,015.0 (11,170.0 (9,182.0) (7,075.0) (5,708.0) (7,506.0) (7,088.0)

1. Official capital grants .- .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2. External borroing .. . .01.0 310.0 2,909.0 4,893.0 4,569.0 3,093.0 956 1,347 (-1,878.0)

3. Dometic finacing .. .. 926.0 2,331.0 4,773.0 6,084.0 4,467.0 3,153.0 -- 3,670.0 4,930.0 8,701.0

- 9 -

Table 1.1: MALAYSIA - POPULATION BY STATE('000)

1921 1931 1947 1957 1970 1980 1985/a %

Johor 282 505 738 927 1,277 1,638 1,835 11.8

Kedah 339 430 554 702 955 1,116 1,189 7.6

Kelantan 309 362 449 506 685 894 1,014 6.5

Melaka 154 187 239 291 404 465 493 3.2

Negeri Sembilan 179 234 268 365 482 574 618 4.0

Pahang 146 180 250 313 505 799 988 6.4

Penang 292 340 446 572 776 955 1,034 6.7

Perak 611 786 954 1,221 1,569 1,805 1,915 12.3

Perlis 40 49 70 91 121 148 161 1.0

Selangor 401 533 711 1,013 982 1,515 1,838 11.8

Trengganu 154 180 226 278 405 541 615 4.0

Federal Territory - - - - 648 977 1,174 7.6

Peninsular Malaysia 2,907 3,786 4,905 6,279 8,809 11,427 12,874 82.8

Sabah - - 321 411 654 1,011 1,201 7.7

Sarawak - - 546 693 976 1,308 1,473 9.5

Malaysia 2,907 3,786 5,772 7,383 10,439 13,746 15,548 100.0

/a Estimate.

Source: Department of Statistics, June 1985.

- 10 -

Table 1.2: POPULATION BY AGE GROUP('000)

1975/a 1980 1985

Peninsular MalaysiaAll ages 10,634.0 11,473.0 12,968.8

0-14 4,311.0 4,484.0 4,835.115-24 - 2,436.9 2,726.325-39 5,733.0 2,301.2 2,789.240-54 - 1,310.0 1,535.355-64 - 515.7 605.665+ 390.0 425.2 477.3

SabahAll ages 1,154.0 1,055.1 1,279.5

0-14 751.0 471.0 575.115-24 - 228.5 244.825-39 388.0 201.0 268.540-54 - 101.7 123.555-64 - 34.1 41.965+ 15.0 18.8 25.7

SarawakAll ages 1,113.0 1,351.1 1,542.8

0-14 510.0 587.5 636.315-24 - 266.2 319.525-39 570.0 246.9 299.240-54 - 142.2 164.055-64 - 61.2 69.065+ 33.0 47.1 54.8

MalaysiaAll ages 12,298.0 13,879.2 15,791.1

0-14 5,169.0 5,542.5 6,046.515-24 - 2,931.6 3,290.625-39 6,691.0 2,749.1 3,356.940-54 - 1,553.9 1,822.855-64 - 611.0 716.565+ 438.0 491.1 557.8

/a Data for 1975 refers to the following age groups: 0-14, 15-64.

Sources: Fifth Malaysia Plan, Table 4.2 (for 1980 and 1985); and Mid-TermReview of Third Malaysia Plan (for 1975).

- 11 -

Table 1.3: POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP('000)

1975 1980 1985

Peninsular Malaysia 10,434.0 11,473.0 12,968.8Malay and other Bumiputera 5,531.0 6,324.4 7,325.6Chinese 3,714.0 3,894.3 4,248.4Indian 1,106.0 1,178.9 1,311.9Other 83.0 75.4 82.9

Sabah /a n.a. 1,055.1 1,279.5Malay and other Bumiputera n.a. 874.6 1,077.0Chinese n.a. 171.1 191.0Indian n.a. 5.9 7.2Other n.a. 3.5 4.3

Sarawak /b n.a. 1,351.1 1,542.8Malay and other Bumiputera n.a. 939.8 1,080.8Chinese n.a. 394.7 442.9Indian n.Z. 3.4 4.0Other n.a. 13.2 15.1

Malaysia n.a. 13,879.2 15,791.1Malay and other Bumiputera n.a. 8,138.8 9,483.4Chinese n.a. 4,460.1 4,882.3Indian n.a. 1,188.2 1,323.1Other n.a. 92.1 102.3

/a Includes all the indigenous ethnic groups gn Sabah, Malays, Sino-nativesand Natives of Sarawak.

/b Includes M&lavd, Melanaus, Ibans, Bidayuh and other indigenous ethnicgroups.

Sources: Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-90, Table 4.1 (for 1980 and 1985); and Mid-Term Review of Third Malaysia Plan, Table 3.2 (for 1975).

- 12 -

Table 1.4: SELECTED SOCIOECONOMIC STATISTICS

1970 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Demographic Indicators

Crude birth rate /a(per 1,000 population) 33.9 30.3 30.8 31.0 30.5 31.3 31.7 30.8

Crude death rate /a(per 1,000 population) 7.3 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.8

Crude rate of naturalincrease /a 26.6 24.8 25.6 26.0 25.4 26.2 26.7 26.0

Infant mortality rate /a(per 1,000 live births) 40.8 24.0 19.7 19.5 20.2 17.6 17.0 15.7

Life expectancy (age inyears) /aMale 62.2 n.a. n.a. 67.7 67.6 67.6 67.7 68.2Female 66.5 n.a. n.a. 72.5 72.3 72.7 72.4 72.9

Population density (per km2)Peninsular Malaysia 67.0 87.0 89.0 91.0 94.0 96.0 99.0 101.0Malaysia 31.0 41.0 42.0 44.0 45.0 46.0 48.0 49.0

EducationPrimary school enrollment

('000) 1,680 2,008 2,034 2,072 2,120 2,146 2,192 2,232

Primary school enrollmentratio /a /b 88.2 94.5 95.0 93.4 94.1 94.4 95.4 96.6

Secondary school enrollment(1000) 545 1,084 1,151 1,141 1,217 1,271 .1,293 1,321

University enrollment /a 8,320 25,602 28,611 33,291 36,361 40,401 43,258 48,655

/a Peninsular Malaysia only.

/b Primary school enrolment as a percentage of primary school-age population, i.e., childrenaged 6-11 years.

Source: Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1985/86 and 1987/88, Table 9.1.

Table 1.5: EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR('000)

1975 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Agriculture, forestryand fishing 1,915.0 1,910.9 1,933.8 1,929.3 1,924.7 1,932.4 1,903.3 1,954.7 2,005.5

Mining and quarrying 87.5 80.1 75.8 69.3 65.8 66.8 60.5 52.5 53.8Manufacturing 448.0 755.1 786.8 799.4 814.6 843.9 828.0 810.0 820.5Construction 159.6 270.2 310.1 340.4 360.9 370.9 378.7 368.7 355.8Finance, insuranceand commerce 38.7 78.3 84.5 89.6 94.8 98.2 101.6 104.8 108.4

Transport, storageand communication 180.8 209.5 226.5 234.0 239.9 254.1 264.9 269.4 271.0

Government services /a 520.4 658.2 722.6 765.1 785.8 803.2 819.5 835.9 843.9 aOther services /b 669.5 854.6 890.6 938.0 984.8 1,024.3 1,112.0 1,172.7 1,228.9

Total 4,019.5 4,816.9 5,030.7 5,165.1 5,271.4 5,393.8 5,468.5 5,568.1 5,687.8

MemoLabor force 4,320.3 5,108.9 5,295.5 5,418.9 5,580.0 5,753.8 5,917.1 6,088.6 6,259.0Unemployment 300.8 292.0 264.8 253.8 308.6 360.0 448.6 520.5 571.2Unemployment rate (Z) 7.0 5.7 5.0 4.7 5.5 6.3 7.6 8.5 9.1

/a Government sector includes public administration, health, education and defense.

/b Includes distributive trades such as hotels, cinemas, shipping services, electricity, gas and water.

Sources: Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1987/88, Table 6.1, (for 1982-87); Fifth Malaysia Plan1986-90, Table 3.5 (for 1985 and Labor Force and Unemployment data for 1980); and Mid-Term Review-

of Third Malaysia Plan, Table 4.5 (for 1975).

- 14 -

Table 1.6: POPULATION SIZE AND AGE STRUCTURE, 1980-90

Average annual1980 1985 1990 srowth rate (Z)

Age group 1000 X '000 '000 2 1981-85 1986-90

O - 14 5,542.5 39.9 6,046.5 38.3 6,613.9 37.0 1.7 1.8

15 - 24 2,931.6 21.2 3,290.6 20.9 3,551.2 19.8 2.3 1.5

25 - 39 2,749.1 19.8 3,356.9 21.3 4,018.6 22.5 4.0 3.6

40 - 54 1,553.9 11.2 1,822.8 11.5 2,180.4 12.2. 3.2 3.6

55 - 64 611.0 4.4 716.5 4.5 851.6 4.8 3.2 3.5

65+ 491.1 3.5 557.8 3.5 661.5 3.7 2.5 3.4

Total u13879.2 100.0 15.791.1 100.0 17,877.2 100.0 2.6 2.5

Source: Fifth Malaysia Plan.

- 15 -

Table 1.7: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF UNEMPLOYMENTBY LABOR FORCE STATUS /a

1982 1985 1986

All Strata

Both sexes 42.8 47.2 45.8Male 46.4 54.2 52.2Female 36.2 38.1 35.5

Urban

Both sexes 51.6 55.1 55.7Male 53.8 59.6 60.6Female 46.3 48.1 47.1

Rural

Both sexes 37.8 42.9 40.3Male 42.9 . 50.0 47.8Female 31.4 32.9 29.3

Ia Percentage of total unemployed persons who are actively seeking work.

Source: Ministry of Labor, Labor Force Surver.

- 16 -

Table 1.8: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF INACTI'1ELY UNEMPLOYED BYREASONS FOR NOt SEEKING WORK AND EDUCATION a

No edu- Pri- Lower Middle Upper Univer./All cation mary secondary secondary secondary college

Belleve none 1982 7.4 5.6 11.6 8.1 5.9 4.4 0.0or no suitable 1985 14.7 23.7 18.9 16.2 12.2 3.9 3.0job available 1986 21.6 30.1 24.0 28.4 17.0 12.1 5.1

Waiting for answers to 1982 67.8 18.4 37.1 63.6 87.6 9,0.1 58.5job application/have 1985 58*0 17.4 33.8 52.1 79.8 92.5 70.3looked for job prior 1986 58.2 14.6 39.1 49.1 76.0 86.7 71.8to last week

New job to start soon 1982 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.0 2.1 2.0 27.41985 3.3 1.5 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.4 21.91986 2.3 0.5 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.2 20.4

No qualification 1982 7.6 4.7 11.1 15.7 1.5 2.7 12.21985 9.7 7.7 12.8 21.1 0.9 0.6 3.81986 6.7 4.7 8.7 14.9 1.4 0.0 0.0

Illness/confinement 1982 14.0 66.6 36.6 9.6 3.0 0.9 1.91985 13.9 49.7 31.4 7.3 4.3 0.7 1.11986 11.0 49.6 25.2 5.9 3.8 0.0 2.4

/a The residual of less than 1X is accounted for by bad weather.

Source: Department of Statistics, Labor Force Survey.

- 17 -

Table 1.9: PERCENTAGE OF UNEMPLOYED WITHOUTWORK EXPERIENCE BY AGE

1982 1985 1986

Age Group

15-64 41.4 42.5 35.9

15-19 58.4 63.3 58.9

20-24 41.8 46.8 39.8

25-29 20.1 22.5 14.5

31-34 7.8 11.7 7.6

Over 34 4.1-0.0 11.2-2.7 5.0-2.2

Source: Department of Statistics, Labor Force Survey.

- 18 -

Table 1.10: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYEDPERSONS BY INDUSTRY

1967 1980 1982 1985 1986

Agriculture 51.6 33.6 28.0 26.5 26.7

Industry 30.9 46.1 47.9 48.7 48.0

Mining and quarrying 3.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7Manufacturing 9.1 18.3 17.2 16.9 16.9Utilities 0.9 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.5Construction 3.3 5.8 7.3 7.5 6.5Commerce 10.8 15.0 17.3 18.5 19.0Transport, storageand communication 3.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3

Services 17.5 20.3 24.2 24.8 25.4

Source: Labor Force Survey.

- 19 -

Table 1.11: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED PERSONS BY

INDUSTRY AND URBAN/RURAL STRATUM, 1986

All Urban Rural Total

Agriculture 26.7 5.8 94.2 100

Industry 48.0 48.7 51.3 100

Mining & quarrying 0.7 31.1 68.9 100

Manufacturing 16.9 45.5 54.5

Electricity, gas , water 0.5 43.7 56.3 100

Construction 6.5 46.8 53.2 100

Wholesale, retail trade,& resta rants & hotels 19.0 53.2 46.8 100

Transport, storage &communication 4.3 47.5 52.5 100

Services 25.4 51.6 48.4 100

Financing, insurance,real estate & businessservices 4.5 64.1 35.9 100

Comiunity, social & personalservices 20.9 48.9 51.1 100

Total 100 38.0 62.0 100

Source: Department of Statistics, Labor Force Survey.

- 20 -

Table 1.12: INTERINDUSTRY REAL WAGES 1968-81

Annual averagerate of growth (2)

1968 1973 1981 1968-73 1973-81

Food 1,986.5 1,688.4 2,550.6 , -2.8 6.4Beverage 3,212.7 3,089.8 3,749.0 -0.8 2.7Tobacco 2,479.7 1,929.7 1,951.9 -4.4 0.1Textile 1,273.0 1,335.8 2,328.2 1.0 9.3Apparel 967.1 1,003.8 1,626.1 0.8 7.8Leather 1,291.6 1,072.0 1,320.9 -3.4 7.1Wood products 2,117.5 1,933.4 2,239.7 -1.7 4.3Furniture &fixtures 1,551.5 1,670.0 1,439.8 1.5 2.4

Paper & paperproducts 1,339.7 1,357.7 1,762.4 0.3 8.2

Rubber products 2,133.7 1,848.1 2,101.2 -2.7 5.0Chemical products 3,162.1 3,136.8 3,398.9 -0.2 1.9Petroleum products 11,388.9 9,349.7 10,611.9 -3.6 -0.1Nonmetallic mineralproducts 2,440.2 2,109.9 2,041.8 -2.7 3.9

Plastics 1,310.1 1,254.9 1,608.8 -0.8 6.2Basic metals 2,587.7 2,629.0 3,163.8 0.3 1.4Fabricated metalproducts 2,068.7 1,766.6 2,215.6 -2.9 5.3

Machineryexcept electrical 2,038.5 1,890.0 2,577.3 -1.5 .6.0

Electrical machinery 2,374.8 1,394.2 2,006.5 -8.3 9.5Transport equipment 2,643.4 2,266.9 3,238.6 -2.9 8.5Scientific equipment - 1,490.8 2,820.5 - 11.9

Total /a 2,130.9 1,827.8 2,254.2 -2.8 5.2

/a Includes miscellaneous industries.

Source: Census and Survey of Manufacturing Industries. Soon Lee Ying (1987).

- 21 -

Table 1.13: WAGE DISPERSION IN MANUFACTURING

Standard CoefficientMean wage deviation of variation

1968 2,534.3 2,171.1 0.86

1970 2,607.5 1,947.7 0.74

1971 2,598.2 1,804.2 0.69

1972 2,660.4 1,942.8 0.73

1973 2,677.4 2,080.0 0.78

1974 3,107.7 1,989.8 0.64

1975 3,403.7 2,161.4 0.63

1976 3,873.4 2,615.6 0.67

1978 4,344.2 2,762.4 0.61

1979 4,573.6 2,493.4 0.55

1981 5,737.6 3,193.7 0.55

1982 6,599.2 3,707.3 0.56

1983 7,283.9 2,991.2 .0.41

Source: Soon Lee Ying (1987).

- 22 -

Table 1.14: ANNUAL REAL MANUFACTURING WAGES PER WORKERBY OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS 1969-83

% rate of growth per annum1969 1973 1978 1983 1969-73 1973-78 1978-83

Managerial 1,268.2 1,233.7 1,259.7 1,390.4 -0.5 0.3 1.7

Technical& advisory 4,867.1 4,045.6 4,296.7 5,245.4 -3.4 1.0 3.7

Clerical 3,269.0 2,712.9 2,990.0 3,600.5 -3.4 1.7 3.4

Skilled 1,857.7 1,557.8 1,813.8 2,597.4 -3.2 2.7 7.2

Unskilled 1,215.7 1,010.8 1,218.2 1,670.1 -3.4 3.4 6.2

Source: Census and Surveys of Manufacturing Industries. Soon Lee Ying(1987).

- 23 -

Table 1.15: WAGES OF WORKERS IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONSIN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES /a

1980 1983 1985

Industrial efficiencyengineer (M) /b 1,599 1,920 1,923

Office clerk (M/F) 350 649 -(410) (700) (488)

Laborer (general) 228 335 388

Earnings daily (164) (360) (537)(6.061 [7.11] [12.31

Typist (F) 298 649 _(325) (755) (495)

Production supervisor 495 872 801and foreman, general (565) (997) (891)

Plant maintenance 389 559 622mechanic (464) (922) (780)

/a Monthly salary rates except numbers in parentheses which refer to monthlyearnings and those in brackets which are daily wage rates.

/b M - male, F = female, M/F - both sexes.

Source: Ministry of Labor, Occupational Wage Survey.

- 24 -

Table 1.16: AVERAGE MONTHLY EARNINGS OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS INCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AS AT JULY 31, 1984 AND 1986

(in M$)

AllOccupation 1984 1986

Engineer 2,534 2,275Quantity surveyor 1,819 1,640Project manager 3,128 '3,216Accountant 2,186 2,087Supervisor/Kepala 1,278 1,087Clerk of workers 771 861Technician 660 700Fireman/electrician 778 810Bar bender 727 1,081Carpenter 772 587Plumber 829 639Painter 727 664Plasterers 890 831File fixer 862 821Brick layer 749 633Concreter 695 552Mason 793 725Lorry driver 572 714Lorry attendant 373 441Steel worker 786 603Machine/plant operator 665 740Crane driver/operator 1,265 928General workers 627 398

Source: Research and Planning Division, Ministry of Labor.

- 25 -

Table 1.17: PERCENTAGE GROWTH RATES OF WAGES, EARNINGS AND PRICES:OIL PALM AND RUBBER ESTATES

Oil palm RubberNominal daily Nominal average Nominal daily Average

Palm wage rate daily earnings Rubber wage rate daily earningsoil Harves- Factory Harves- Factory Rubbcr Factory Factory

price ters workers ters workers price Tappers workers Tappers workers

1981 - - - - - -19.6 - -

1982 -17.8 23.8 -27.2 51.0 -10.1 -25.0 4.5 - -4.0 -

1983 6.7 17.7 -6.1 1.4 -8.2 41.0 21.4 -8.9 9.2 -8.6

1984 50.0 28.8 10.8 21.1 -1.5 -14.0 -15.1 -5.4 -12.5 -26.0

1985 -25.6 -18.7 -1.1 -20.0 18.5 -14.4 3.6 40.5 9.3 25.5

1986 -47.6 -30.9 -24.9 -15.4 -19.6 18.4 29.3 -8.4 18.5 -11.0

1987 21.6 - - - - 13.4 - - - -

Source: Ministry of Labor Research and Planning Division, Annual Survey of Employment andWages.

- 26 -

Table 1.18: CHANGES IN THE BASIC (MINIMUM) MONTHLY SALARYOF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS FOR WORKERS

WITH THREE YEARS EXPERIENCE /a

1984/85 1985/86 1986/87

Stenographer + - -Clerk-typist + o +Accounts clerk o - oStorekeeper - - +General clerk - 0 0Office boy/peon - o oLaboratory assistant/technician - + +Electricians - - +Fitter (general) - - oMechanic o - -Quality checker/controller - 0 +Production/factory technician + - No dataSupervisor - +Foreman - + +Car/van drivers - o +Sales representative - 0 +Highly skilled - 0Semiskilled - 0 -Unskilled - - o

Total 19 19 18

Negative (-) 14 8 5No change (o) 2 8 4Positive (+) 3 3 9

/a The above list of occupatlons was selected on the basis of the size ofobservations reported in the NEF surveys.

Sources: Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF):

(a) Survey on terms and conditions of employment of the nonexecutiveposition, October 1981, November 1984.

(b) Wage/salary report, nonexecutive positions, August 1987, October1985.

- 27 -

Table 1.19: RECURRENT COST OF TERTIARY EDUCATION PER STUDENT YEAR, 1987(M$)

Established schools New schools /a

Engineering 8,000 12,000

Pure arts 4,000 7,000

Applied arts 5,000 8,000

Pure sciences 8,000 12,000

Applied sciences 25,000 30,000

/a The higher cost of new schools is due to capacity underutilization.

Source: EPU.

- 28 -

Table 1.20: ANNUAL RECURRENT EXPENDITURE AND COST PER STUDENT 1982-84

Expenditure/ Number of Cost/studentYear allocation M$ students /a M$

Secondary VocationalSchools (SVS)

1982 22,033,488 11,614 1,897.001983 21,239,514 11,295 1,881.001984 22,457,616 10,770 2,085.001985 28,385,850 12,318 2,305.001986 33,896,000 15,871 2,136.00

ndustrial TrainioRins_titute (TTIs)

1982 7,968,000 2,267 3,515.001983 6,497,900 2,321 2,800.0Q

Skilled TrainingInstitutes (MARA)

1982 n.a. r.a. n.a.1983 11,951,100 /b 4,265 /c 2,802.001984 15,172,500 W 4,562 T 3,326.00

/a Number of students enrolled.

/b Source: MURA.

/c Figures taken from the final report on Study on Industrial TrainingSchemes in the Manufacturing Sector by W.D. Scott and UniversitiesTeknologi Malaysia.

Note: (1) The enrollment figures provided from MLM and adopted for MARAfrom the Scott study needs confirmation.

(2) As the duration of training for the different types of coursesvaries within the ITIs, unless enrollment figures are obtainedby type of course and the number of trainees on the rolls fordifferent parts of the year, the actual cost per student cannotbe arrived at.

Sources: TAVED, Ministry of Labor.

- 29 -

Table 1.21: iAVERAGE MONTHLY SALARY AND EARNINGSBY EDUCATION LEVEL 1984

(M$)

Male FemaleSalary/ Salary/

Education level Salary /a Earnings earnings Salary Earnings earnings

No certificate 145.35 170.80 0.85 44.34 53.09 0.84

LCE 352.29 431.77 0.82 235.48 275.31 0.86

Vocational school 432.61 552.54 0.78 279.08 315.30 0.89

MCE 561.73 680.29 0.83 400.26 451.92 0.89

HSE 803.02 963.96 0.83 467.00 526.94 0.89

College diploma 1,030.33 1,204.08 0.86 818.92 900.81 0.91

University degree 2,018.10 2,473.08 0.82 1,351.08 1,506.68 0.90

/a Wages and salaries (before deduction for income tax, EPF, etc.).

/b Includes regular wages and salaries plus bonuses, allowances, benefits,except employer contributions to EPF, SOCSO, stc.

Source: EPU.

Table 2.1: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT /a(M$ million, constant 1970 prices)

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Consumption 12,641 12,748 13,686 14,997 16,329 18,127 20,476 21,632 22,475 23,380Public 2,919 3,117 3,382 3,714 3,931 4,273 5,131 5,903 6,325 6,552Private 9,722 9,631 10,304 11,283 12,398 13,854 15,345 15,729 16,150 16,828

Gross investment 4,702 3,670 4,095 5,011 5,418 6,574 7,101 8,729 8,936 10,615Fixed capital formation 4,252 3,936 4,133 4,736 5,119 6,276 7,186 8,897 8,800 10,517Public /b 1,205 1,482 1,668 1,976 1,958 2,320 2,676 3,324 3,272 3,996Private 3,047 2,454 2,465 2,760 3,161 3,956 4,510 5,573 5,528 6,521

CFange in stocks 450 -266 -38 275 299 298 -85 -168 136 98

n.a.Exports of goods and NFS 7,401 7,179 8,397 8,746 9,410 11,053 11,353 11,413 12,409 13,770

Imports of goods and NFS 7,517 6,232 6,805 7,879 8,89 11,430 12,702 13,622 15,143 16,323

Gross Domestic Product 17,227 17,365 19,37' 20,875 22,26, 24,324 26,228 28,152 29,677 31,442

Net factor income from abroad -682 -449 -642 -729 -921 -1,056 -968 -1,006 -1,284 -1,802

Gross National Product 16,545 16,916 18,731 20,146 21,343 23,268 25,260 27,146 28,393 29,640

/a Based on 1970 price series. -

/b Includes investment of Federal and State Governments and 40 nonfinancial public enterprises from 1980. Prior to 1980, includes only 10 non-financial public enterprises.

Source: EPU, January 1986.

Table 2.2: GDP BY INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN-THwmrin on, constant 1970 prices)

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Agriculture, livestock, forestry& fishing 3,852 4,146 4,634 4,954 4,804 5,392 5,519 5,610 6,068

Mining & quarrying 834 889 852 796 792 955 967 1,054 1,197

Manufacturing 1,858 2,047 2,508 2,768 2,850 3,377 3,735 4,081 4,470

Construction 541 571 651 729 654 713 800 919 1,027

Electricity & water 238 275 304 337 365 400 442 499 557

Transport & communication 632 720 827 947 1,071 1,153 1,290 1,415 1,549

Wholesale & retail trade 1,717 1,840 2,038 2,213 2,219 2,405 2,592 2,824 3,161

Banking, insurance, real estate &business services, ownership ofdwellings 1,126 1,213 1,311 1,394 1,468 1,552 1,675 1,823 1,946

Government services 1,466 1,718 1,810 2,062 2,210 2,420 2,719 2,831 3,055

Other services /a 752 819 969 1,027- 93i 1,006 1,136 1,208 1,294

GDP at Market Prices 13,016 14,238 15,904 17,227 17,365 19,373 20,875 22,264 24,324

/a Includes community, social and personal services, private nonprofit services to households and domesticservices of households; plus import duties less imputed bank service charges.

Source: EPU, January 1986.

Table 2.3: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN /a(M$ million, constant 1978 prices)

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Agriculture, livestock, forestry& fishing 9,513 10,060 10,189 10,684 11,375 11,302 11,623 11,914 12,389 13,323

Mining & quarrying 3,912 4,586 4,487 4,289 4,617 5,342 6,073 5,985 6,433 6,442

Kanufacturing 7,189 8,004 8,742 9,155 9,668 10,429 11,711 11,263 12,111 13,655

Construction 1,572 1,761 2,066 2,367 2,598 2,867 2,988 2,738 2,355 2,214

Electricity, gas & water 530 584 640 689 721 798 890 948 1,027 1,109

Transport, storage & communication 1,867 2,107 2,542 2,847 2,984 3,138 3,464 3,630 3,851 4,055

Wholesale & retail trade, hotels &restaurants 4,156 4,669 5,383 5,694 6,104 6,583 7,107 6,911 6,147 6,416

Finance, insurance, real estate,business services 6 ownershipof dwellings 3,177 3,434 3,687 3,953 4,231 4,570 4,892 5,093 5,073 5,363

Govertnmnt services - 4,106 4,375 4,563 5,649 6,027 6,328 6,817 6,957 7,253 7,543

Other services /b 899 948 1,021 1,065 1,141 1,193 1,249 1,300 1,352 1,413

Less Imputed bank service charges 585 733 854 877 1,152 1,397 1,595 1,834 1,891 2,175

Plus import duties 1,550 1,633 2,046 2,087 2,116 2,429 2,522 2,245 1,759 1,650

GDP at Market Prices 37,886 41,428 44,512 47,602 50,430 53,582 57,741 57,150 57,859 61,008

/a Based on 1978 Input/Output frame.7b Includes community, social and personal services, private nonprofit services to households and domestic

services of households.

Source: Ministry of Pinance, Economic Report, 1987/88, Statistical Appendix Table 2.2 for 1980-87.

Table 3.1: CONSOLIDATED PUBLIC SECTOR EXPENDITURE AND FINA1CING(M$ million)

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 E

Total federal revenue 13,926 15,806 16,690 18,608 20,805 21,114 19,518 17,832Federal current expenditure /a 13,617 15,686 16,671 18,374 19,806 20,066 20,075 19,976

Federal current surplus 309 120 19 234 999 1,048 (557) (2,144)

States' current surplus 999 909 1,512 1,432 1,170 1,318 1,581 1,437NFPE's current surplus 2,504 2,826 3,423 4,306 5,005 5,762 2,994 3,386

Public sector current surplus 3,8T2 - 3,855 4,954 5,972 7,174 9,601 3,833 2,263

Net public sector developmentexpenditure 10,022 15,214 16,235 17,048 16,965 13,726 10,813 8,436

Overall deficit (6,210) (11,359) (11,281) (11,076) (9,791) (4,125) (6,980) (6,173)

Memo ItemsOverall deficit as X of GNP 12.0 20.5 19.0 16.8 13.3 5.7 10.6 8.4

Sources of financingNet foreign borrowing 1,590 4,745 6,700 7,297 5,226 1,783 984 (1,541)Net domestic borowing 3,650 4,260 6,672 5,350 3,542 4,076 4,512 9,650Use of accumulated assets andspecial receipts /b +970 +2,354 -2,091 -1,571 +1,023 -1,734 +1,484 -1,936

/a Includes transfers to Development Fund.Zb: + indicates drawdown in reserves. - indicates buildup in reserves.

E Latest estimate.

Sources: Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-90, Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1987/88.

-34-

tobla 3.2. VISll CQOVImUT l UPWvITUM(3 million)

1975 1976 1977 1916 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986txa 1987a

Total xpenditure 7,051, 8.206 10,615 11.823 14,312 21.072 27.044 28.156 28.044 28,213 27.208 27.634 27.485

Operattng expenditure /4 4.900 5,828 7,398 8,041 10,039 13.609 35,686 16,671 18,374 19.806 20,066 20,075 19,976

Security 1.314 1.219 3,517 1.692 1,834 2,167 2,834 3.076 3.106 3.326 3.274 3,403 3,229Defense 939 780 973 1.090 1,174 13443 1.952 2.049 2.019 1.903 2,270 2,392Internel security /e 3?5 439 544 602 660 724 902 1,027 1.087 13423 1.422 1,490

Social services 1.645 1,784 2.467 2,533 2,814 3.292 4,067 4,404 4.217 4.645 5,038 5,429 5,878Education 1,158 1.261 1,750 1.791 1,918 2.228 2.726 2.991 2.93S 3,183 3.473 3.743health 361 387 532 563 607 698 8S5 916 836 931 1,097 1,098Other 126 136 M8S 379 289 366 486 49 466 531 558 588

Economic services 358 446 492 618 606 765 1,307 1.960 1,518 1.730 1,799 1,975 1,930Agriculture and rurd developoeat 332 171 180 259 205 148 523 763 720 771 1.013 852Commrce and industry 28 35 48 55 145 196 348 609 261 357 307 600Transport an4 comunicattons 218 240 264 304 256 287 346 517 454 490 457 594Other - - - - - 134 90 71 83 112 22 96

General adminietration /f 479 553 763 631 752 1,167 1,452 2,126 1,748 1,637 2.063 2,465 2,144

Transfer payments / 485 989 1,199 1,433 2,762 4.671 3.960 2,382 4,332 4,038 2.850 1,564 1.639Grants to statese7h 272 250 274 321 378 203 283 248 303 411 348 350Other 213 739 925 1.112 2,584 4,468 3,677 2,134 4.029 3,627 2.285 1.259

Debt eeriicing /t 619 837 960 1.134 1,271 1,547 2.046 2,723 3.453 4,430 5,042 5,239 5.764

Development expenditure 2,351 2,378 3.217 3,782 4,273 7,463 11.358 11,485 9.670 8.407 7,342 7.559 6,692

Securtty 229 435 470 491 713 1.222 1,839 2,065 1.726 1.005 629 384 442Defense 116 338 351 316 530 812 1,381 1.646 1,391 872 480 238 152Internal security /e 113 97 119 37S 183 410 458 419 335 133 149 166 790

Social servicea 328 316 452 614 962 1,185 2,456 3,249 1,997 2.223 2,093 2.534 .5172Education 212 227 274 252 339 558 791 1,082 988 1,009 872 1,064 1,064Health 57 47 44 48 59 80 318 350 156 125 112 118 93Housing 31 29 122 294 427 295 1,231 1,589 556 908 972 1,054 248Other 28 13 12 20 137 252 316 428 297 381 137 298 167

Economic services 1,398 1,530 2.129 2,529 2.511 4.833 6,813 5.967 5,779 S,061 4,303 4.538 4,515Agriculture and rural development 506 514 591 716 877 1,138 1,481 1,550 1.187 1,122 1,287 1.144 1,623Publlc utilities li 38 133 250 339 395 665 748 865 1.027 13132 789 683 873Comerce and industry 223 296 417 601 348 1,554 3,091 1,143 1.291 685 SS7 523 747TranSport 486 561 652 637 675 1,031 1.272 1,970 1,652 1,193 1,052 1,408 1.246comunications 65 46 219 236 216 428 202 420 610 916 601 767 2Other - - - - - 17 19 19 12 13 17 13 24

General administration /f 196 77 166 148 87 223 250 204 168 118 317 103 163

1 Estimted actual.7 Latest estimate.j Budget appropriations (for development, excluding tlS800 dllion Conttigencies Reerve).

Including contributions to Stoktig Pund from 1975.7 Including Police, State and border security.7t Including Public Services Department, Statisties, Royal Customs and Excioe, Inland Revenue and linistry of Foreign Affaeis.N Including pension and gratuitues, contributtons to statutory funds an4 internettonal organitxaiona./h Proa 1979, excludes road grants and asesgnment of a proportion of minerals export duties which have been clasaified under the econode sector.71 Interest payments st4 contributions to the Stnking Fund.Z Mainly electricity and ,ter supply.

Sources: Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1985186. and 1987/88 Table 4.4 (for 1975 and 3960-87); *nd Miaistry of Finance. leonomic Report 1981/82,Table 4.4 (for 1976-79).

Table 3.3: FEDERAL GOVERNHMNT NET BORROWING(M$ million)

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986/a 1987/b

al borrowing 1,021 1,132 944 1,053 2,121 2,005 2,395 1,706 3,186 2,620 7,510 10,977 9,036 6,246 4,626 6,364 5,703

omestie borrowing /c 677 826 676 827 1,209 1,636 1,860 1,165 2,507 2,311 4,091 6,084 4,467 3,153 3,670 5,017 7,703

Treasury bills 158 49 -9 110 300 310 70 -270 -20 0 300 500 500 0 0 210 1,000

Investment ertifieates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 t00 0 100 200

Government securitiesGross issue 635 1,036 1,153 950 1,085 1,837 2,047 1,939 3,150 3,266 4,665 - 6,571_.4,182 3,830 4,780 5;322 7,382Principal repayments /d 116 259 268 233 176 511 2i7 504 623 955 874 987 315 777 1,110 615 879Net issue 519 777 885 717 .909 1,326 1,790 1,435 2,527 2,311 3,791 5,584 3,867 3,053 3,670 4,707 6,503

xternal borroving 344 306 68 226 912 369 535 541 679 309 3,419 4,893 4,569 3,093 956 1,347 -2,000

ProjectReceipts 119 176 127 237 322 299 458 469 378 493 494 612 715 1,048 750 551 581Principal repayments 23 22 32 39 52 56 77 112 124 160 191 203 218 246 304 491 605 4met 96 154 95 198 270 243 381 357 254 333 303 409 497 802 446 60 -24 w

NarketReceipts 268 173 44 116 843 377 715 1,466 485 - 2,614 4,497 3,532 2,996 6.467 2,239 931Principal repayments le 20 21 71 88 201 251 561 1,282 60 24 8 284 261 646 5,634 693 2,808Net 248 152 -27 28 642 126 154 184 425 -24 2,606 4,213 3,271 2,350 833 1,546 (1,877)

Suppliers CreditReceipts - - - - - - - - - - - 119 652 111 126 102 0Prlncipal repayments - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 45 67 98 99Net - - - - - - - - - - - 119 635 66 59 4 (99)

IMP - - - - - - - - - - 510 152 166 -125 -382 -263 -

nterest payments 303 352 406 356 647 807 949 1,039 1,185 1,444 2,033 2,653 3,478 4,421 5,034 5,210 5,697Domestic 258 292 337 278 557 633 726 774 874 1,070 1,395 1,703 2,236 2,710 2,962 3,297 3,707External 45 60 69 78 90 174 223 265 311 374 638 950 1,242 1,711 2,072 1,913 1,990

Estimated actual.Latest estimate.Treasury bills plus net issue of Government securities and investment certificates.Includes borrowing from Federal Government Funds, which decllned after 1971 when sinking fund contributions vere reduced, and comprises sinking fundcontributions invested in Government securities. Changes in advance subscriptions are also netted out.Includes prepayments i 1977, 1978, 1984 and 1985.

rce: Ministry of FinP-nce, Economic Report 1987/88, Table 4.7.

Table 3.4: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OUTSTANDING DEBT(M$ million)

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986/a '17/b

Domestic debt 8,755 10,416 12,303 13,468 15,975 18,286 22,846 28,710 73,953 37,075 40,891 45,864 54,017

Treasury bills 1,400 1,710 1,780 1,510 1,490 1,490 1,790 2,290 2,790 2,790 2,790 3,000 6,000Commercial banks 853 1,253 1,432 1,257 1,228 1,202 1,402 1,931 2,252 2,395 2,192 2,385 2,756Bank Negara 205 165 181 42 114 67 157 217 243 0 0 - 15Discount houses /c 221 195 149 141 146 187 223 142 253 346 579 595 1,083Other /d 121 97 18 70 2 34 8 - 42 49 19 20 146

Investment certificates - - - - - - - - 100 200 200 300 500

Government securities- 7,355 8,706 10,523 11,958 14,485 16,796 20,586 26;170 30,037 33,090 36,760 41,467 47,970Federal government 440 440 443 443 443 443 426 431 462 459 459 458 463Public authorities 276 212 310 257 282 274 125 5 - 2 70 215 299Employees Provident Fund 3,926 4,588 5,427 6,369 7,450 8,582 10,315 12,469 14,416 17,189 20,585 23,988 28,054National Savings Bank 579 645 754 808 839 924 857 880 927 920 921 908 1,032Bank Negara 251 166 243 346 629 1,627 561 1,803 3,289 4,803 2,340 2,053 1,923Comercial banks 1,132 1,533 1,889 1,807 2,297 2,446 3,818 3,943 4,079 4,606 4,249 4,094 5,968Insurance companies 209 253 302 357 432 501 608 680 651 661 683 741 815Other /e 542 869 1,155 1,571 2,113 1,999 3,874 5,959 .6,213 4,450 7,453 9,010 9,416

Suppliers credit - - - - - 470 250 1,026 995 1,141 1,097 1,547

External debt 2,425 2,856 3,349 3,859 4,538 4,862 8,278 13,158 17,728 20,848 23,070 28,310 26,310

External market loans 1,348 1,468 1,628 1,778 2,203 2,191 4,797 9,000 12,271 14,652 16,299 20,310 18,433 aUnlted States /f 982 1,205 1,281 1,225 1,409 1,409 4,023 8,126 10,332 12,008 11,234 12,729 10,510United Kingdom a 250 155 109 109 109 109 109 177 177 177 447 447 -West Germany 70 62 159 150 141 131 123 115 201 200 1,376 1,875 2,082Other /h 46 46 79 294 544 542 542 582 1,561 2,267 3,242 5,259 5,841

External project loans 1,077 1,388 1,721 2,081 2,335 2,671 2,971 3,377 3,875 4,673 5,683 6,988 6,964United States 126 82 81 133 157 91 54 51 38 45 49 184 181United Kingdom 105 123 103 144 137 173 172 165 165 163 123 114 154Japan 341 428 492 571 703 845 953 1,044 1,237 1,738 2,448 3,318 3,346World Bank 330 416 477 541 641 748 900 1,088 1,230 1,316 1,375 1,446 1,438Asian Development Bank 91 116 383 427 477 545 620 741 855 925 982 1,103 1,183West Germany 34 31 89 129 133 129 128 111 91 74 42 105 99West Asia - 3 5 9 20 34 52 96 141 166 214 131 138Other /h 50 189 91 127 67 106 92 81 118 246 450 587 425

Suppllers credit - - - - - - - 119 754 820 825 1,012 913

IFN - - - - - - 510 662 828 703 263 - -

la Eatimated actual.71 Latest estimate.R Includes Short Deposits (M) Berhad, Malaysia Discounts, KAF Discounts and Asiavest Discounts Berhad.

Includes Public Authorities, Local and Port Authorities, insurance companies and State Governmnets.7i Includes Teachers' Provident Fund, State Governments' borrowing companies, discount houses, nominee and trustee companies, cooperativesocieties and PETRONAS./f Not necessarily loans obtained from the United States as market loans raised elsewhere way be denominated in US$.7 A substantial portion of these loans are long-term, raised before 1961.__ Includes market loans from Netherlands (for 1976-79) and from Netherlands, Switzerland and Japan (since 1980), and project loans fromSweden, Canada, Australia, Denmark and France.

Sources: Miniatry of Finance, Economic Report 1986/87 and 1985/86 (for 1975 and 1980-84), 1987/88 (for 1985-87) and Economic Report L981/82,Table 4,6 (for 1976-79).

Table 3.5: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OUTSTANDING LOANS /a(M$ million)

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986/b 1987/c

Total loans 4,184 5,074 6,349 7,394 8,922 11,132 13,760 17,919 21,842 25,996 36,297 40,651 41,078

Publie authorities Rad statutory bodies 2,147 2,624 3,116 3,666 4,310 6,301 7,002 8,768 10,802 13,177 15,087 16,685 17,611Federal Lau. Development Authority 921 1,093 1,284 1,532 1,802 2,012 2,222 2,554 2,816 3,103 3,349 3,469 3,636Telecommunications Department d - - - - 741 1,168 1,303 1,708 2,345 3,281 3,927 4,686 4,536National Electricity Board 160 243 268 380 479 604 721 845 974 1,194 1,343 1,363 1,447Malayan Railway 128 128 143 143 191 252 267 380 586 706 779 847 967Port Kelang Authority 171 216 238 247 256 262 271 282 311 324 320 279 253Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) 151 182 229 273 298 326 393 306 310 329 325 299 278Urban Development Authority 159 204 286 351 408 504 590 799 1,026 1,105 1,123 1,210 1,153National Padi and Rice Authority 113 60 135 66 68 68 68 68 68 68 153 143 132Other /a 344 498 533 674 67 1,105 1,167 1,826 2,366 3,067 3,768 4,389 5,209

Companies 644 764 1,016 1,101 1,210. 1,394 1,537 1,887 2,641 2,957 3,033 2,980 2,958Bumiputra Investment Trust Fund Bhd. - - - - - - - - 600 600 600 600 600Pernas 73 141 265 274 287 374 441 563 585 589 592 593 583Development Bank of Malaysia - - - - 57 98 202 307 325 342 372 397 402Malaysia Industrial Development Finance Bhd. 135 136 129 120 110 100 78 65 51 36 24 22 29Malaysian International Shipping Corporation 150 165 238 280 331 434 444 446 434 410 371 306 269Malaysian Shipyard and Engineering Sdn. Bhd. 97 116 117 117 127 129 129 128 127 125 124 122 120Food Industries of Malaysia 8bd. - - - - 25 28 13 119 126 134 165 108 112Industrial Development Bank Malaysia Bhd. - - - - - 100 106 112 118 124 130 126 145Other /f 189 206 267 310 273 131 124 147 275 597 655 706 698

State governments It 1,107 1,284 1,643 1,808 2,082 2,494 3,271 3,769 4,705 5,392 6,118 6,480 6,319

Rousing loans to government officers 176 214 282 205 513 643 1,393 2,853 2,953 3,705 4,473 5,373 4,873

Other /h 110 188 292 614 807 300 557 642 741 765 7,586 9,133 9,317

/a Includes loans due to the Federal Government from Public Authorities, State Governments and others. Excludes Federal Government investment in publicenterprises which stood at M$2,495 mlllion at end-December 1985.

/b Estimated actual.7 Latest estimate.7S Telecommunications Department included in "Other" category for 1975-78.7% Major bodies under this item include Kuala Lumpur City Council, Penang Port Commission and the Telecommunications Department for 1975-78; and the

Highway Authority of Malaysia, Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority, the Agricultural Bank of Malaysta, Penang Port Comission andCivil Aviation Department since 1979.

/f Major companies include Malaysian Rubber Development Corporation, Syarikat Jenga Sdn. Bhd., and Bank Pertanian Malaysia for 1975-78; and Asean BintuluFertilizer Sdn. Bhd., Syarikat Malaysia Building Society Bhd., Syarikat Jengka Sdn. Bhd., Syarikat Malaysia Explosives Sdn. Bhd., Komplex KevanganMalaysia Bhd., and and Government Officers Housing Development Company Sdn. Bhd., since 1979.

/ Includes coupensation to Selangor State Government for transfer of Federal Territory prior to 1979.nIncludes City Council of Penang, the Municipalities of Ipoh and Malacca, Petaling Jaya Town Council and all cooperatives societies for 1975-78, and allthese plus Ruals Lumpur City Hall since 1979.

Sources: Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1985/86, Table 4.7 (for 1979-84), 1987/88, Table 4.10 (for 1985-87); and Economic Report 1981/82, Table 4.7(for 1975-78).

Table 3.6: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE(MS million)

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987E

'otal revenue 2,400 2,418 2,920 3.402 4,788 5,117 6,157 7,760 8,841 10,505 13,926 15,806 16,690 18,608 20,805 21,114 19.518 17,832

Total tax revenue 1,934 2,081 2,394 3,045 4,311 4,576 5,491 7,070 8,007 9,508 12,795 13,419 13,475 16,299 17,648 L8,524 0 0

Direct taxes 701 713 801 990 1,384 2,021 2,167 2,946 3,323 3,888 5,664 6,328 6,582 7,865 8,655 9,538 8,956 6,529

Income tax 657 687 741 838 1,305 1,926 2,066 2,791 3,161 3,674 5,240 5,819 6,048 7,262 7,977 8,799 8,279 6,038

Companies 489 515 559 593 723 1,166 1,170 1,336 1,619 1,717 2,521 2,754 2,613 3,450 3,432 3,920 3,446 2,783

Individuals 168 168 182 218 355 438 574 679 771 1,128 983 1,087 1,360 1,814 1,975 1,749 1,761 1,722

Petroleum - 4 - 27 144 322 ,322 776 771 829 1,736 1,978 2,075 1,998 2,570 3,130 3,072 1,533

Petroleum royalties/-cash payments - - 23 25 46 78 84 111 116 160 345 417 425 491 581 619 549 410

Other 44 - - - - 17 17 44 46 54 79 92 109 112 97 120 128 81

Indirect taxes 1,233 1,368 1,593 2,156 2,927 2,555 3,324 4,124 4,684 5,620 7,131 7,091 6,893 8.434 8,993 8,395 6,889 6,896

Export duties 258 231 232 437 943 625 1,010 1,390 1,463 1,939 2,567 2,225 1,720 1,892 2,090 1,839 1,141 1,267

Rubber 80 50 49 233 383 121 519 557 716 1,118 1,098 514 110 273 161 3 1 26

Tin 130 127 127 130 271 195 291 441 500 545 575 298 159 56 35 38 - -

Palm oil 18 28 32 50 228 282 166 346 207 236 166 148 75 49 193 93 18 19 X

Petroleum - - - - - - - - - - 677 1,241 1,354 1,477 1,629 1,639 1,076 1,170 1

Other 30 26 24 24 61 27 34 46 40 40 51 24 22 37 72 66 46 52

Import duties S surtax 557 582 589 746 893 801 978 1,140 1,325 1,512 2,061 2,245 2.315 2,591 2,697 2,518 2,066 1,934

Excise 249 307 366 407 442 450 550 695 849 957 973 967 1,024 1,361 1,459 1,376 1,410 1,310

Sales tax - - 115 220 297 272 323 383 458 544 696 730 788 1,284 1,319 1,234 992 1,090

Road tax /a 169 176 194 224 257 241 262 298 325 346 390 408 460 545 593 614 614 641

Service tax - - - - - - - - 18 22 26 34 42 108 114 107 60 63Gambling tax - 45 62 68 79 95 118 123 - - - - - - - - - -

Other 66 - - - - - - - 246 300 418 482 544 653 721 707 606 591

Total nontax revenue /b 400 337 525 357 476 541 666 689 834 997 1,131 2,029 2,644 1,976 2,615 2,742 3,192 3,875Petroleum dividend - - - - - - - - - - - 950 1,450 500 980 930 1,000 1,807

Other nontax revenue - - - - - - - - - - 1,131 1,079 1,194 1,476 1,635 1,812 2,192 2,068

Nonrevenue receipts - - - - - - - - - - - 358 571 333 542 439 481 532

a From 1975, excludes revenue from licenses on road tranaport, which has been transferred to the nontax revenue category based on the revenue classification.b Includes such items as government commercial undertakings, interest and returns on investment, licenses, services fees, fines and forfeitures, rentals, revenue

from Federal territory (since 1974), and contributions from foreign governments and International agencies.

Estimated actual.

ources: Fifth Malaysia Plan, Table 7.5, (for 1980-84); Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1985/86, Table 4.3, (for 1970, 1978-79); and Ministry of Finance,

Economic Report 1981/82 (for 1975-77); Economic Report 1979(80, (for 1971-74); Economic Report 1987/88 and EPU (for 1985-87).

Table 4.1. BUAJB Of PA1ENT8, CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNT(8S dlillon)

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 19.' 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Trade balance 686 365 1,594 540 614 3,722 3.738 3,690 68908 5,238 (243) (1,750) 1,002 6.986 8,883 8.781 14,830Exports (FOB) 4,884 4,736 7,263 10,022 9,057 13,330 14,854 16,932 24,060 28,013 26,900 27,946 31,762 38,452 37,576 35,373 44,612Imorts (FOB) 4,198 4,371 5,669 9,482 8,443 9,608 11,116 13,242 17,152 22,775 27.143 29,704 30,760 31,466 28.693 26.592 29,782

Nonfactor services (515) (528) (538) (746) (995) (1,051) (1,310) (1,621) (2,867) (3,993) (3,476) (3,897) (4,890) (5,558) (4,957) (4,555) (3,939)Recelpts 324 347 475 982 1,093 1,144 1,362 1,625 1,913 2,676 3,253 3,930 4,578 4,906 5.095 5,395 6.155Expenditures 839 875 1,013 1,728 2.088 2,195 2.672 3,246 4,780 6,669 6,729 7,827 9.468 10,267 10.052 9,950 10,094

Factor services (363) (378) (659) (997) (727) (1,097) (1,276) (1,716) (1,991) (1,820) (1.836) (2,679) (4,208) (5,255) (5.434) (4.601) (5,147)Receipts 265 208 256 389 364 434 622 865 1,204 1,608 1,825 1,517 1,305 1,486 1,467 1,415 1,801Expenditures - 628- 586 915 1,386 1,091 1,531 1,898 2,581 3,195 3,428 3,661 4,196 5,513 6,691 6,901 6,016 6,948

Services balance (878) (906) (1,197) (1,743) (1,722) (2.148) (2,586) (3,337) (4.858) (5,813) (5 312) (6,576) (9.098) (10,813) (10.391) (9.156) (9,086)

Trtafers (net) (137) (157) (151) (1047- (79) (100) (78) (104) (17) (45) (;R) (75) (21) (90) (14) (96) (361)

Current account balance (329) (698) 246 (1,307) (1,187) 1,474 1,074 249 2,033 (620) (5,633) (8,409) (8,117) (3.917) (1.522) (207) (6.105)

Long-term capital (net) 686 1,193 582 1,608 1,723 1,566 1,617 1.576 2,055 2.213 5.931 8,432 9,210 6.560 4,065 2,334 (3,380)Official Capitol 395 700 116 268 869 497 620 500 713 320 2,916 4,589 6.284 4.364 2,504 2.122 (2.510)Comercial loans (15) 173 46 (34) 15 100 (2) (82) 87 (140) 101 580 - - (164) (1,050) (2 320)Corporate Investment 306 320 420 1,374 839 969 999 1,158 1,255 2.033 2,914 3,263 2,926 2,138 1,725 1.262 1,450

Jhort-ters private capital 73 (6) 254 301 (50) (308) (1,179) (382) (595) (351) (546) 883 (263) (288) 1,034 1,003 (86)

Errors and omissions /a (227) (100) (506) (150) (315) (678) (757) (818) (1,704) (240) (845) (1,520) (976) (2,159) (368) 1,215 254

Overall balance 203 389 576 452 171 2,054 755 625 1,789 1,002 (1,093) (614) (146) 196 3,209 4,345 2.893

Alocation of SDOB 61 60 - - - - - - 74 76 73 - - - - -

Drwings on 18P - - - - - 265 (265) - - - S10 152 166 (125) (382) (263) -

Offtcll reserve changes /b (264) (449) (576) (452) (171) (2,319) (490) (625) (1,863) (1,078) 510 462 (111) (187) (2,827) (4,082) (2,893)SA s (61) (60) 8 10 (11) (5) 116 (35) (140) (25) (52) 27 50 17 (44) (73) (55)IJW reserve position 35 - (22) 1 (21) 4 9 (5) (41) (135) 25 6 (92) 11 (43) (85) (33)Cold 6 foreign exchange (238) (389) (562) (463) (139) (2,318) (615) (585) (1,682) (918) 537 429 (69) (215) (2,740) (3,924) (2,805)

Net official reserve position / 2,282 2,731 3,307 3,759 3,931 6,249 6,739 7,364 9,226 10,304 9,794 9,332 9,443 9,630 12,457

/a Errors and Oissimons and som unrecorded short-tera capital fleve.A negative sign represents an lncrease In reserves.M 8ay not agree with "official reserve changes" because of differences in valuation.

Source: Fifth Nalaysia Plan 1986-90, Table 2.9, and Departmnt of Statistics for 1985; Department of Statistice, January 1986, for 1971-84.

Table 4.2: BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - CURRENT ACCOUNT(KS million)

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Trade balance 686 365 1594 540 614 3,722 3,738 3,690 6,908 5,238 -243 -1,758 1,093 6,913 8,883 8,781 14,830Exports (FOB) 4.884 4,736 7,263 10,022 9,057 13,330 14,854 16,932 24,060 28,013 26,900 27,946 31,853 38,452 37,576 35.373 44,612leporte (FOB) 4,198 4,371 5,669 9,482 8,443 9,608 11,116 13,242 17,152 22,775 27,143 29,704 30,760 31,539 28,693 26,592 29,782

lonfactor services balance -515 -528 -538 -746 -995 -1,051 -1,310 -1,621 -2,867 -3,993 -3,476 -3,897 -4,890 -5,361 -4,957 -4,555 -3,939Receipts 324 347 475 982 1,093 1,144 1,362 1,625 1,913 2,676 3,253 3,930 4,578 4,906 5,095 5,395 6,155

Freight 6 Insurance 10 35 60 77 69 126 158 252 345 437 441 420 707 1,001 875 1,165 1,547Other transportation 79 90 149 283 326 368 449 510 566 811 1,001 1,075 1,097 1,081 1,135 1,268 1,391Travel 37 47 62 345 344 348 405 453 520 691 891 1,209 1,326 1,436 1,544 1,672 1,798Government, WIE} 97 72 90 126 151 J55 165 175 184 193 210 236 250 253 248 216 256Other services 101 103 114 151 203 147- -183 235 298 544 710 990 1,198 1,135 1,293 1,054 1,163

Payments 839 875 1,013 1,728 2,068 2,195 2,672 3,246 4,780 6,669 6,729 7,827 9,468 10,267 10,052 9,950 10,094Freight b insurance 332 344 480 791 690 852 1,041 1,313 1,663 2,218 2,449 2,574 2,839 2,987 2,727 2,491 2,818Other transportation 113 125 100 201 228 274 291 367 545 867 994 921 1,044 1,180 1,071 1,191 1,311Travel 143 148 156 384 449 499 601 777 1,073 1,576 1,563 1,984 2,430 2,622 2,876 3,029 3,206 4Govern_nt, NEI 45 47 61 83 104 119 143 170 197 200 203 207 235 230 279 406 468 °Other services 206 211 216 269 617 451 596 619 1,302 1,808 1,520 2,141 2,940 3,248 3,099 2,833 2,291

actor service balance -363 -378 -659 -997 -727 -1,097 -1,276 -1,716 -1,991 -1,820 -1,836 -2,679 -4,208 -5,205 -5,434 -4,601 -5,147Receipts 265 208 256 389 364 434 622 865 1,204 1,608 1,825 1,517 1,305 1,486 1,467 1,415 1,801Paymente 628 586 915 1,386 1,091 1,531 1,898 2,581 3,195 3,428 3,661 4,196 5,513 6,691 6,901 6,016 6,948

ervicee balance -878 -906 -1,197 -1,743 -1,722 -2,148 -2,586 -3,337 -4,858 -5,813 -5,312 -6,576 -9,098 -10,566 -10,391 -8,787 -9,086

rawnfer balance -137 -157 -151 -104 -79 -100 -78 -104 -17 -45 -78 -75 -21 -90 -14 96 361Receipts 107 75 93 113 141 147 173 176 165 160 171 184 179 165 231 385 679

Private 32 33 35 71 84 102 114 100 85 90 97 106 96 79 97 147 158Government 75 42 58 42 57 45 59 76 80 70 74 78 83 86 135 238 521

Paymente 244 232 244 217 220 247 251 280 182 205 249 259 200 255 245 289 318Private 220 209 220 196 199 223 227 257 164 184 223 230 177 226 210 196 217Government 24 23 24 21 21 24 24 23 18 21 26 29 23 29 35 93 101

Balance on Current Account -329 -698 246 -1,307 -1,187 1,474 1,074 249 2,033 -620 -5,633 -8,409 -8,026 -3,743 -1,522 -207 6,105

ources: Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-90, Table 2.9, and Department of Statistlec for 1985; Department of Statistice, January 1986, for 1971-84 end Bank NIgara, Annual Report (for1985-87).

Table 4.31 NAJOS 1IMITS

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1916 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

ber-olu.me t000 tons) 1,464.4 1,365.9 1,392.2 1,638.7 1,570.2 1,436.6 1,620.0 1,634.1 1,614.2 1,648.7 1.525.7 1,483.0 1,378.1 1,563.0 1,590.6 1,497.0 1,516.0 1.620.0Ilue (1$ million) 1,723.7 1,460.3 1,298.2 2,507.2 2,886.7 2,025.6 3,116.7 3,380.3 3,601.5 4,482.0 4,618.0 3,712.0 2,655.1 3,663.6 ),671,5 2,872.0 3,183.0 3,915.0htt value (sen/kg) 117.7 106.9 93.2 153.0 183.8 141.0 192.4 206.9 223.1 271.9 302.7 250.3 192.7 234.4 230.8 191.9 210.0 242.0

-olune (at) /a 91,933.0 86,640.0 89,603.0 61,537.0 85,711.0 77,946.0 61,527.0 66,517.0 70,189.0 72,113.0 69,498.0 66,437.0 48,584.0 57,140.0 39,600.0 57,400.0 40,400.0 49,600.0talue (4$ milifon) 1,005.6 900.6 924.0 897.0 1,514.6 1,206.1 1,526.5 1,703.5 2,021.5 2.315.6 2,505.3 2.138.1 1,483.9 1,718.2 1.162.3 1,648.0 650.0 839.0Suit value (N$/ut) 10,938.4 10,394.7 10,312.2 11,001.1 17,671.0 15,473.5 18,723.9 25.610.0 28,800.8 32,110.7 36,048.5 32,182.4 30,543.0 30,070.0 29,351.0 28,710.8 16,089.1 16,900.0

Wn logstolume ('000 *3) 8.906.5 8.773.2 9,138.1 10,122.7 9,576.2 8,477.0 12,173.6 13,395.2 16,736.0 15,965.8 15,117.0 15,816.0 19,270.0 18,726.0 16,939.4 19,630.5 19,055.0 23.001.0falue (4$ el1tion) 643.6 642.0 593.2 987.4 1,032.8 670.4 1.471.4 1,519.4 1,667.3 2,876.8 2,616.2 2,472.8 3,378.2 2,806.9 2,806.1 2,771.2 2,873.0 4,286.0Juit value (M4$/u) 72.3 73.2 64.9 97.5 107.9 79.1 120.9 113.4 99.6 180.2 173.1 156.3 175.3 149.9 165.7 141.2 151.0 186.0

en timber/glun ('OCO i

31,392.9 1,318.6 1,764.2 2.236.3 2,000.9 1,883.5 3,047.3 2,981.3 2,898.8 3,314.2 2,999.9 2,691.3 2,942.1 3,288.8 2,700.4 2,780.0 2.99J.0 3.922.0

slue (14$ mlito3) 205.8 195.1 284.7 576.9 509.0 440.6 890.9 848.0 860.9 1,334.3 1,178.3 970.4 1,034.9 1,220.7 "3.9 1,137.0 1,305.0 1,770.0 1Suit value (14$/a) 147.7 148.0 161.4 258.0 254.4 233.9 292.4 284.4 297.0 402.6 392.8 360.6 351.8 371.2 368.1 409.0 435.0 451.0 *

m otl /b.lolum (000 tons) 401.9 573.4 697.0 797.8 901.6 1,160.6 1,263.2 1,299.3 1,514.5 1,899.9 2,136.2 2,350.0 2,700.0 2,912.9 2,957.0 3,215.0 4,305.0 4,044.0

lalue (4$ miliLon) 264.3 380.4 362.7 466.5 1,085.6 1,319.5 1,155.3 1,679.5 1,870.8 2,470.6 2,515.3 2,710.0 2,656.1 2.976.9 4,528.0 3,951.0 3,010.0 3,250.0Jnit value (14$/ton) 657.6 663.4 520.4 584.7 1.204.1 1,136.9 914.6 1,292.6 1,235.3 1,300.4 1,177.5 1,153.2 983.7 1,022.0 1,531.3 1,228.9 699.2 750.1

troleum cVolume ('000 tons) 4,696.2 7,926.7 4,255.3 3,826.9 3,166.0 3,794.5 7,217.6 7,722.7 9,152.9 12,034.5 11,226.9 10,143.2 11,973.9 14,224.0 16,497.4 16.701.0 18,792.0 18,039.0Value (4$ million) 202.6 389.9 223.0 269.2 677.8 861.0 1,765.1 1,998.6 2,247.0 4,231.5 6,709.1 6,918.0 7,694.2 7,871.0 8,737.4 8,697.0 5,408.0 6,290.0'nit value (MS/ton) 43.1 49.2 52.4 70.3 214.0 226.9 244.6 258.8 245.5 351.6 597.6 682.0 642.6 553.4 529.6 520.7 287.8 349.0

1985 volume in '000 at.Includes processed palm oil.Includes crude and partly refined petroleum. Pros July 1, 1977, imports of crude and partly refined petroleum from Brunei tor reexport have been torminated. From January 1973 to June 1977, totalexports of crude sad partly refined petroleum included reexport of crude and partly refined petroleum itported from Brunei. Prior to January 1973, only crude petroleum u,s imported from Bruni forreexport. The reexport of crude petroleum from Brunei accounted for the-entira exports of crude petroleum prior to July 1971.

irce: Bank Negara Malaysia, quarterly Economic Bulletin, Harcb/.June 1985, Table VII.3, (for 1970-79); Fffth Malaysia Plan 19890, Table 2.3, for 1980-85. (Tbeir source wa Departint of S.atistice,Malaysias Preliminary 7Fgures of External Trade, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, aod 1984.) Economic Veport 1986/87 sod 1987/88 MLnistry of Pineace.

Table *.4 MtINOR EOotM

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Coconut oilVolum ('000 Ut) 46.6 43.2 28.0 30.7 46.4 38.4 34.5 23.6 21.4 65.6 62.5 63.9 59.0 67.3 67.7 60.0 49.0Value (Ks million) 42.7 37.1 16.9 31.8 106.3 41.7 35.4 37.5 33.8 11S.6 100.1 84.5 67.2 111.5 182.0 91.1 39.9Unit value (1$/ut) 916.3 858.8 603.4 1,035.1 2,291.4 1,088.2 1,026.9 1,591.3 1,577.6 2,111.5 1,601.6 1,322.8 1,139.6 1,656.5 2,688.0 1,516.1 812.9

CoprTVolume ('000 Mt) 15.5 31.7 32.7 12.3 10.6 27.2 ' 31.7 33.2 36.1 29.3 44.3 31.0 27.7 20.6 45.2 74.3 41.2Value (19 million) 7.0 13.4 10.4 6.8 11.4 13.2 16.7 28.2 43.7 33.3 34.7 20.9 15.2 18.9 44.4 44.0 17.4Unit value (14$/ut) 452.7 423.2 317.7 554.6 1,069.4 485.0 527.6 847.5 1,207.8 1,134.8 784.7 673.8 547.3 917.2 982.9 592.0 422.4

Pal, kernel oil /aVolume ('000 uT 27.3 23.4 49.0 66.5 92.3 109.2 123.6 105.0 132.1 203.9 218.9 242.3 334.2 371.2 390.0 429.8 529.8Value (Ms million) 10.8 8.2 30.2 55.9 164.8 108.6 121.3 137.0 188.7 387.1 303.2 298.0 334.5 491.4 822.7 537.4 325.5Unit value (4S/at) 395.8 349.7 616.0 840.7 1,784.7 994.7 981.3 1,304.5 1,428.7 1,898.6 1,384.9 1,229.8 1,001.0 1,323.7 2,109.6 1.250.5 615.1

bauxiteVolume ('000 at) 1.083.2 983.7 987.4 1,019.0 815.0 649.4 523.8 663.8 506.3 470.2 718.3 642.5 418.1 489.9 399. 1 264.5 415.6Value (Ks adllion) 18.1 17.1 16.9 15.7 13.2 10.4 10.2 13.6 11.1 13.4 20.8 21.7 15.1 17.5 19.3 13.3 13.0Unit value (1s/nt) 16.7 17.4 17.1 15.4 16.2 16.1 19.6 20.5 21.9 28.5 28.9 33.8 36.0 35.8 48.4 50.3 31.0

PepperVolue ('000 tone) 26.3 28.8 27.8 24.2 30.2 32.3 39.7 29.3 36.6 40.3 31.7 28.9 25.2 23.5 16.6 18.9 15.2Value (tS mdllion) 59.1 66.1 61.1 69.1 106.1 106.1 136.7 143.3 154.5 150.9 107.7 81.9 66.3 78.3 79.4 140.2 163.2Unit value (Ms/at) 2,2 0 3*q 2,298.2 2,197.0 2,858.0 3,50S.7 3,284.8 3,441.8 4,882.1 4,217.3 3,743.6 3,394.5 2,839.7 2,628.8 3.331.5 4,7B3.2 7,422.9 10.733.8

Canned pineapple andjuice

Volume ('000 tone) 63.2 58.7 58.9 53.8 54.3 44.5 52.2 51.2 50.2 37.7 40.2 40.2 43.2 38.0 36.1 34.9 45.9Value (HS million) 43.4 40.6 41.2 38.5 50.6 51.3 62.2 65.0 63.5 49.6 50.5 50.1 54.5 53.7 55.7 55.1 56.4unit value (Y4$/ut) 686.6 691.7 700.3 716.0 931.8 1.153.0 1,193.1 1.271.2 1,266.3 1,312.8 1,255.6 1,246.2 1,262.1 1,407.4 1,541.6 1,578.8 1,228.8

CocoaVolume ('000 kg) n.e. n.e. n.e. o.e. n.e. n.a. n.e. n.e. n. n.e. 30,640.4 42,237.0 57,614.4 57,268.5 66,133.0 81,500.0 106.200.0Value (Ms million) n.a. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.&. n.a. n.&. n.e. n.a. 161.9 171.5 198.1 128.6 338.1 409.5 496.1Unit value (19/kg) n.e. n.e. n.e. n.a n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.a. 5.3 4.1 3.4 4.0 5.1 S.0 4.7

Fisb /bValue (1$ million) 100.2 123.7 149.2 185.6 166.0 178.4 267.4 247.8 210.9 326.0 171.2 145.4 153.1 193.6 139.2 134.6 154.7

/aWE Includes flab and other *eafoods (not canned).

Sourcee9 flnk Negars Malayaia, Quarterly Economic Bulletin, March/June 1985, Table V11.4 (for 1974-83); Bank Negara Malayia, Quarterly Economic Bulletin, December 1985, Table V11.4 (for 1984); andSeptember 1987, Table VIt.4 (for 1985/86).

Table 4.5, GROSS SXPOlt8 ST COHIT0 D SECSION(M$ million)

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 197S 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Food & live animals 284.0 315.9 360.8 440.9 513.7 593.1 799.1 826.9 872.3 !,061.9 1,013.2 1,134.5 1,152.5 1,272.9 1,479.8 1,662.1 1,964.5

Beverages 6 tobacco 21.7 23.4 27.7 21.3 24.4 27.7 27.9 21.4 15.7 20.9 29.1 29.8 22.1 28.2 28.2 25.5 37.4

Crude meterials, inedible 2,777.5 2,392.2 2,249.1 4,156.7 4,515.8 3,231.4 5,668.3 5,975.7 6,360.1 9,024.9 9,105.3 7,710.0 7,563.2 6,261.7 8,121.2 7,248.0 7,867.6

Mineral fuels 365.6 502.5 319.5 371.5 832.9 967.1 1,905.4 2,101.1 2,342.7 4,345.8 6,898.4 7,146.6 7,980.9 9,300.5 11,435.4 12,051.1 B.006.3

Animllvegetable oils & fats 309.8 422.8 411.5 559.6 1,370.0 1,508.5 1,378.2 1,979.4 2,105.7 3.016.4 3,131.3 3,375.7 3,255.8 3,829.2 5,868.2 4,845.3 3,609.6

Chmicals 36.4 38.7 46.4 66.7 79.8 79.4 82.0 86.8 102.3 131.0 171.5 191.9 235.8 293.9 426.7 427.6 604.5

MlAnufactured goods 1,182.8 1,111.8 1,217.5 1,311.6 1,966.2 1,624.3 2,132.7 2,324.3 2,825.4 3,314.5 3,690.7 3,281.3 2,625.9 3,035.1 2,554.7 3,095.0 2,586.5Tin etal 1,013.3 905.8 924.0 897.0 1,514.6 1,206.1 1,526.5 1,703.5 2,021.5 2,315.8 2,506.2 2,138.1 1.483.9 1,718.2 1,162.3 1,648.0 69.6Other 169.5 206.0 293.5 420.6 451.6 418.2 606.2 620.8 803.9 998.7 1,184.5 1,143.2 1,142.0 1.316.9 1392.4 1,447.0 1,936.9 9

Machinery 6 transport equipment 84.1 83.6 90.9 142.0 399.4 573.0 739.6 1,001.2 1,816.1 2,535.4 3,238.4 3,325.1 4,335.0 5,652.5 7,322.9 7,059.2 9,009.7

miscellaneous manufactures 43.4 48.5 72.3 225.7 395.9 529.3 608.5 545.4 495.5 603.8 737.7 699.8 753.8 902.3 1.196.1 1,391.4 1,791.2

Other exports 57.8 77.4 58.3 70.1 96.6 97.1 100.3 95.0 138.1 147.4 156.0 214.5 163.2 194.9 213.7 211.6 243.6

Total 5.163.1 5.016.8 4.854.0 7,372.1 10.194.7 9.230.9 13.442.0 14.959.2 17.073.9 24.222.0 28,171.6 27.109.4 28.108.2 32.771.2 38.646.9 38,016.7 35.720.9

Source, Bonk Negara, Quarterly Economic Bulletin, March/June 1986. Table.VII.6. (Dank Negara's source was Departmaent of Statistics).Bonk Negara. Quarterly Economic Bulletin, September 1987, Table V11.7 (for 1985-86).

Table 4.6 amS Nm ST I u0XTT a_ MGm la(V$ sulleon)

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1961 1982 1983 14 195 1986

Food 4 live &nIMIs 786.7 735.6 6086. 1,078.2 1,565.0 1,401.5 1,40.6 1,643.7 1.978.7 2,051.5 2,444.3 2,941.5 2,999.4 2,964.5 3,227.11 5,064.0 2,914.2

beveraso & tobacco 92.9 108.8 81.7 97.7 114.9 119.4 116.7 143.4 184.6 185.2 221.3 255.1 247.6 250.2 212.8 228.7 209.6

Crude mtertalo, Inedible 322.1 267.1 310.3 372.5 543.1 354.9 537.5 637.6 725.8 850.3 1,052.8 1,190.6 1,132.3 1,186.6 1,137.6 1,035.6 1,016.7

libneral fuels 517.5 576.3 36S.3 392.9 1,003.5 1,021.1 1,309.8 1,421.7 1,470.3 2,076.7 3,554.4 4,578.9 4,369.6 4,241.6 3,332.3 3,722.0 2,387.6

Aaiil/segotable oals 6 fats 23.8 22.8 22.3 27.2 44.1 26.0 21.1 26.0 25.7 30.2 29.7 35.2 36.5 56.3 119.9 60.6 68.5

Choicals 312.5 341.5 377.2 525.9 879.0 711.8 919.3 1,079.0 1,217.7 1,747.4 2,022.4 2,095.9 2,145.0 2,424.9 2,635.6 2,659.6 2,686.5

Nahufactured goods 770.2 780.6 847.7 1,250.6 1,864.6 1,369.4 1,620.0 1,786.2 2,236.5 2.919.8 3,849.2 4,277.0 4,915.5 4,681.6 5.086.0 4,419.0 4,057.5

Machinery 6 transport equipmsnt 1,197.3 1,332.6 1,470.8 1,786.6 3,207.0 2,774.1 3,179.9 3,761.0 4,949.7 6,373.6 9,105.3 9,664.2 11,548.4 13,171.2 15.128.8 13,262.1 12,579.1

Miscellansous mafecturas 199.9 194.7 1".9 333.0 559.7 465.3 491.9 531.1 722.0 791.0 975.0 1,077.0 1,354.0 1,395,9 1,715.6 1,673.8 1.700.6

Bworts, IE 65 5 56.2 56.2 69.3 90.3 66.9 76.5 60.8 134.9 135.4 196.6 268.4 254.7 202.3 310.0 311.8 320.8

Total 4,288.4 4,416.2 4.543.2 5.933.9 9.891.2 8.530.4 9.713.3 111647 13645.9 17.161.1 23.451.0 26.603.8 29.023.0 30.795.1 32.925.9 30.437.8 27.921.3

/a Inorer classified by SITC. have been adjusted to *xcld tatraragtonel trade. Maclale. l itary Imorts pad iporte for offsbore Installation ot petrolum Industry.

Sourcet lBank Pers, Quarterly Sconomic Bulletin, fI6ch/June 1986, Table VI1.7. leek Wagorns source ma the Departinnt of statistics.antk Kspra. QuOrterly Econcaie Stuletin, Septoeutr 1987, Table 911.6 (for 1985-66).

Table 4.7, G088 D 8S BY eCONOMIC iUNcrxoN(1$ millon)

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1962 1983 1984 1983 1986

Consumption goods 1,222.1 1,176.8 1.213.1 1.566.6 2,232.1 1,889.8 2,048.8 2.400.7 3,035.6 3,427.5 4,325.4 5,327.2 5,593.9 S,837.3 6,496.0 6,553.7 6,420.1Food 495.7 436.4 444.6 631.3 901.6 704.7 699.0 839.4 1,091.9 1,070.0 1,177.0 1,600.3 1,738.6 1,730.1 1,893.2 1,633.6 1,663.6Consitar durableo :33.8 125.8 137.3 175.4 296.3 265.2 293.2 397.5 596.3 749.8 992.3 1,079.3 1,107.1 1,218.6 1,601.0 1,468.1 1,472.8Other 592.6 614.6 631.2 759.9 1,034.2 919.9 1,056.6 1,163.8 1,347.4 1,607.7 2,156.1 2,647.6 2,748.2 2,888.4 3,001.8 3,251.8 3,263.7

Investment goods 1,079.2 1,203.1 1,383.9 1,795.8 3,300.9 2,705.7 3,061.3 3,450.1 4,042.6 5,129.4 7,030.3 7,512.7 9,038.0 9,810.2 10,804.7 9,481.0 8,006.8Machinery 451.4 524.2 533.5 690.9 1,274.4 964.8 965.6 1,125.5 1,374.4 1,781.0 2,577.9 2,873.0 3,157.0 3,288.9 3,624.6 3,291.3 2,364.5Transport equtpent 140.1 98.8 239.0 137.7 243.9 163.1 282.3 245.7 353.8 639.9 919.4 954.6 1,596.5 1,665.2 1,339.8 1,313.5 1,428.5metal products 251.7 254.1 272.4 466.8 794.0 485.1 597.2 694.4 947.8 1,330.7 1,767.1 1,730.4 2,067.9 2,063.3 2,099.1 1,721.1 1,435.6Other 236.0 326.0 339.0 500.4 998.6 1,092.7 1,216.2 1,364.5 1,366.8 1,377.8 1,765.9 1,954.7 2,216.6 2,772.8 3,741.2 3,155.2 2,778.2

lIteroedlate goods 1,515.1 1,596,7 1,726.5 2,333.6 3,920.8 3,527.0 4,235.6 5.013.1 6,253.8 8,223.1 11,689.3 13,389.3 13,966.5 14,672.5 15,249.4 14,142.4 13,251.8MAnufacturing 950.3 1,007.4 1,085.4 1,558.7 2,340.8 1,920.6 2,346.9 2,798.4 3,781.0 4,859.3 6,670.3 7,296.4 7,796.2 8,734.5 9,899.6 8,955.6 9,686.4Construction 87.9 79.3 120.8 146.5 242.7 262.4 220.9 218.2 288.4 391.8 560.4 938.2 1,270.4 1,204.7 1,209.6 90S. 628.1 Agriculture 157.7 150.9 164.2 205.3 36S.7 327.0 381.6 454.3 517.3 705.2 892.9 755.2 626.3 596.7 768.8 772.5 660.7Crud. petroles 103.6 106.2 110.4 119.1 421.0 538.8 696.5 858.9 928.6 1,273.8 1,890.3 2,058.9 1,462.6 1,634.4 1,234.2 1,125.8 557.2Other 215.6 250.9 245.7 304.0 550,6 478.2 539.7 683.3 738.5 993.0 1,655.4 2,340.6 2,811.0 2,502.2 2,137.0 2,382.7 1,719.4

staind iMports 3,816.4 3,976.6 4,323.5 5,696.0 9,453.8 8,122.5 9,345.7 10,863.9 13,332.2 16,780.0 23,045.0 26,229.2 28,598.4 30,320.0 32,550.1 30,177.2 27,678.7

Imports for reexport 472.0 439.5 219.7 237.9 437.4 407.9 367.6 300.8 313.7 381.1 406.0 374.6 424.6 475.1 375.8 260.6 242.6

Total 4,288.4 4,416.1 4,543.2 5,933.9 9,891,2 8,530.4 9.713.3 11.164.7 13,645.9 17,161.1 23,451.0 26.603.8 29,023.0 30.795.1 32.925.9 30.437.8 27,921.3

Sourcess Bank Itegrs. Quarterly Sconouac Bulletin, Nareb/Jun 1985, Table VII.8 (for 1970-83); Balk egra, Quarterly Ecotec nl*ttn, September 197, Table VII.9 (for 1984)-86).

Table 4.8. DIRiCTION OP emXtAL TRADE /a

Eport Imports Trade balance1981 1982 1983 194 1985 1986 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 16

SUE countrie 7.192.9 8,445.4 9,230.2 10,323.0 9,889.4 7,898.8 4,775.5 5.750.1 5,781.6 6,414.6 6.842.0 6,009.1 2,417.4 2,695.3 3.448.6 3,90S.4 2,982.5 1,889.7

Singapore 6,177.5 7,021.1 7,369.2 7,913.5 7,427.6 6,107.2 j,486.2 4,164.7 4,270.2 4,312.5 4,840.2 4,201.6 2,691.3 2,856.4 3,099.0 3,603.0 2,529.0 1,905.6Thailond 452.3 1.032.6 1,342.7 1,089.8 1,307.6 927.9 908.4 1,059.8 916.5 1,127.4 1.082.8 1,109.4 (456.1) (27.2) 426.2 (37.6) 220.1 (181.5)endonasia 135.3 89.9 138.8 236.0 164.4 139.0 159.6 161.8 225.8 403.9 345.2 372.4 (24.5) (71.9) (87.0) (167.9) (181.3) (233.4)

Philippines 427.8 301.8 379.5 852.2 913.5 633.1 221.3 363.8 369.1 567.8 571.1 322.2 206.5 (62.0) 10.4 284.4 340.9 310.9Brunei /b - - - 231.5 76.3 91.6 - - - 3.0 2.7 3.5 - - - 228.5 73.8 B8.1

&pen 5,727.6 5,726.3 6,429,2 8,629.5 9,385.8 8,116.7 6,516.0 7,253.1 7,'68.7 8,64.0 7,038.0 5,736.2 (788.4) (1,526.8) (1.339.5) (16.5) 2,266.0 2,380.5.,Ia 203.8 258.2 364,4 386.6 398.7 422.1 631.6 648.5 625.8 669.6 622.4 727.7 (427.8) (390.3) (261.4) (283.0) (222.9) (305.6)

og Ko 546.1 536.8 568.4 550.6 513.9 805.7 339.2 383.6 452.7 651.6 518.3 580.3 206.9 153.2 115.7 (101.0) 10.8 225.4udia 693.5 519,6 789.0 13396.7 1,076.3 917.7 198.1 183.4 219.6 251.5 244.7 220.0 495.4 336.2 569.4 1,145.2 827.6 697.t'-7-ther far Best countrie /c 2,744.0 3,043,9 3,795.3 4,343.1 4,319.9 4,038.5 3,358.6 3,019.3 3,311.5 2,965.9 2,868.5 2,328.7 (614.6) 24.6 483.8 1,377.2 1,439.1 1,709.8

uetralta 469.6 523.0 462.1 599.8 655.6 735.7 1,474.0 1,370.7 1,304.7 1,524.8 1,239.0 1,185.1 (1,004.4) (847.7) (842.6) (725.0) (583.7) (449.4)eaload 80.5 8S 5 50.2 64.8 57.6 34.8 244.1 240.3 240.3 24S.1 228.1 219.0 (163.6) (151.6) (190.1) (180.3) (169.0) (164.2)

lted States 3,539.1 3,224,0 4,334.7 5,233.2 4,971.4 5,934.7 3,875.1 5,078.8 4,989.4 5,401.6 4,676.4 5,264.8 (336.0) (1,854.8) (654.7) (168.4) 263.7 669.9nadu 162.3 147.6 246.2 307.9 260.0 287.0 316.1 344.4 267.6 306.9 353.1 326.3 (153.8) (096.8) (41.4) 1.0 (91.2) (39.2)

aropean Econaoc Comunity 4,129.4 4,216.6 4,75.3 4,876.6 5,369.0 5,231.9 3,701.7 3,533.5 4,298.3 4,442.4 4.333.1 4,098.3 427.7 6B3.1 487.0 434.2 1,036.6 1,133.6

Onited Kinsdm 804.2 772.3 895.3 988.2 985.8 1,242.8 1,214.1 2,185.0 1,067.8 1,187.3 1,206.0 1,272.4 04

09.9) (412.7) (192.5) (1"9.1) (223.2) (29.5)

Carlmy 793,6 824.6 1,055.5 1,180.9 13005.4 1,294.5 1,203,2 1,224.8 1,569.9 1,387.1 1,563.4 1,256.2 (409.6) (400.2) (514.4) (206.2) (357.1) 38.3Netherlands 1,607.7 1,690.6 1,790.9 1,573.8 2,229.8 1,219.1 221.3 206,1 262.8 336.4 341.8 241.9 1,386.4 1,484.5 1.528.1 1,237.4 1,87.8 977.2France 382.0 324.1 344.0 345.2 402.4 495.9 490.0 379.6 784.3 799.3 704.4 595.6 (108.0) (55.5) (440.3) (454.1) (302.2) (M.7)Italy 286.7 265.4 307.3 356.3 312.7 325.2 277.2 290.4 294.6 381.2 361.1 355.5 9.5 (25.0) 12.7 (24.9) (46.8) (30.3)BelgIluxsmborg 170.6 192.4 287.8 310.3 325.0 574.7 133.2 136.2 21t.2 230.0 220.9 198.6 37.4 56.2 7C.6 80.3 105.7 176.1Denark 53.4 116.2 64.6 78.4 68.7 61.9 135.5 76.7 54.5 89.5 112.2 94.2 (82.1) 39.5 10.1 (11.1) (45.3) (32.3)Bire/Cre ee 31.2 31.0 39.9 43.5 41.2 53.0 27.2 34.7 27.2 31.6 29.3 26.3 4.0 (3.7) 12.7 11.9 17.7 24.7

bhr 11atern Europeancountries / 342.6 320.9 399.2 464.0 412.7 35S.0 588.5 571.9 726.9 816.9 950.6 708.4 (245.9) (251.0) (327.7) (352.9) (528.8) (350.4)SR 596.1 558.4 700.6 496.0 458.4 336.1 56.6 64.1 38.5 42.9 47.9 29.4 539.5 494.3 682.1 453.1 414.0 306.7ber teran countrios /a 293.0 154.9 178.1 255.2 207.7 194.8 90.1 101.0 125.4 173.2 100.1 61.3 202.9 53.9 52.7 82.0 107.7 133.5at of wrld 388,9 344,1 438.3 719.9 350.9 M8.4 438.6 480.3 624.2 572.9 495.4 426.7 (49.7) (136.2) (185.9) 147.0 (173.5) (38.3)

Total 27.109.4 28.108.2 32.771.2 38.646.9 3B.327.3 35.720.9 26,603.8 29.023.0 30,795.2 32,923.9 30,557.6 27.921.3 505.6 (914.8) 1,976.0 5,721.0 7,578.9 7.7SS.6

Exports valued on POS bale and Imports oan CIF basis. Dats have been adjusted to exclude lntraregional trade. Military iports and imports for offshore Installation of petrole.. Industry are excluded.Iruni became a member of ASIA on January 1, 1984.Prior to Jsausry 1984, includes Erunsi eoine, Sri Lanka, Talwan, lKore, Pakistan and Vtet was.Includec Austria, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland.Includes Bulgarit, Caechoalovvkla, Poland and Sugoalavia.

urce, lank Neaa Malaysia, quarterly Econoie Sulletin, December 39S5 and September 1987, table V11.2.

Table 4.9: EXCHAUNO RATES AND EXTERNAL RESERVES

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Exchange Rates

Nominal rate (M$ per US$) /a 2.4016 2.5416 2.4613 2.3160 2.1884 2.1769 2.3041 2.3304 2.3213 2.3436 2.4830 2.5814 2.5196

Nominal rate index (1975-100) 100.0 105.8 102.5 96.4 91.1 90.6 95.9 97.0 96.7 97.6 103.4 107.5 104.9

External Reserves (in US$ million)

Official reserves (minus gold) 1,456 2,404 2,784 3,243 3,915 4,387 4,098 3,768 3,784 3,723 4,912 6,027 7,435

Gold (market valuation) 267 207 257 365 653 1,410 926 1,065 889 718 765 915 1,065

Commercial banks' foreign assets(net) -186 -99 -182 -296 -52 -439 -713 -449 -656 -1,450 -1,386 -897 -47

Total reserves 1,537 2,512 2,859 3,312 4,516 5,358 4,311 4,384 4,017 ,2991 4,291 6,045 8,453

Months of import coverage /b 4.9 6.0 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.6 3.7 342 2.9 2.6 3.7 5.1 5.5

/a Period average.

/b (Official reserves + gold at market valuation)/total imports of goods and services.

Source: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.

Table 4.10: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: TERMS OF TRADE(1970 - 100)

Weights 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987/a

-ort Price IndicesFood 5.8 206.5 236.9 246.0 246.5 253.8 265.9 258.8 253.7Beverages & tobacco 1.2 185.4 202.1 201.0 211.4 212.7 219.8 221.8 248.6Crude materials, inedible 50*0 235.7 203.4 162.9 189.4 184.6 160.6 171.8 185.9Minerals, fuels, etc. /b 1.3 470.8 720.5 750.2 686.2 620.0 608.2 439.2 416.4Animal & vegetable oils 6.9 180.3 172.2 148.0 156.7 244.3 187.8 105.9 121.5Chemicals 1.4 143.6 181.0 192.8 203.7 202.2 203.8 203.6 204.3Manufactured goods 28.5 317.9 291.9 279.1 274.4 270.2 262.6 159.5 167.4Machinery & transport 2.3 177.0 187.5 194.6 202.8 205.0 211.3 213.2 215.1Miscellaneous manufactures 1.6 231.2 263.2 272.4 271.9 272.2 274.6 275.7 277.6

Total 100.0 254.3 238.1 213.0 225.6 228.2 211.0 178.3 188.3

nport Price IndicesFood 19.4 212.3 252.2 240.0 226.5 217.8 204.9 204.9 215.7Beverages & tobacco 2.0 203.6 232.5 253.2 253.8 258.9 262.8 258.8 259.6Crude materials, inedible 9.2 227.7 212.0 205.3 215.8 210.4 200.0 147.5 148.4Minerals, fuels, etc. /b 6.6 1,086.0 1,368.6 1,366.0 1,221.8 1*126.4 1,130.2 701.3 715.8Animal & vegetable oils 0.6 185.9 194.8 202.4 201.8 197.4 198.7 198.6 195.2Chemicals 8.4 239.0 273.7 263.7 254.7 256.9 255.1 250.1 249.8Manufactured goods 20.2 214.2 237.9 236.8 233.4 233.6 236.0 236.7 236.6Machinery & transport 28.6 197.9 212.2 215.6 213.0 212.0 211.3 211.3 211.4Miscellaneous manufactures 5.0 173.6 208.0 234.0 239.0 237.9 238.5 238.7 238.5

Total 100.0 267.6 306.3 304.9 291.9 283.3 280.4 247.1 250.1

rms of Trade Index 95.0 77.7 69.9 77.3 80.6 75.2 72.2 75.3

inual change in TOT (%) - - -18.2 -10.1 10.6 4.2 -6.6 -4.1 4.3

January - May.Includes coke, coal, petroleum and petroleum products and gas.

urce: Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1985/86 and 1987/88, Table 2.4.

Table 4.11: EXPORTS OF )IANUFACT1JRBD GOODS($ .llSon)

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986e 1987.

etrical mehinery, applianceearts 358.5 506.8 656.8 918.9 1,687.4 2,410.6 3,015.6 3,242.1 4,135.0 5,309.7 6,761.1 6,492.9 8,492.4 10,3'5.6lectronic co pnents 1,214.4 1,866.8 2,292.0 2,520.4 3,164.4 3,882.9 4,847.3 4,439.2 5,796.1 6,905.6lectrical appliances 227.7 196.9 277.0 211.8 193.9 297.6 473.2 458.2 605.6 770.1ther electrical mehinery 245.3 346.9 446.6 509.9 776.7 ,129.0 1.440.6 1,595.5 2,090.7 3,299.7

ztilea, clothing, footwear, etc. 168.2 217.9 314.0 344.7 465.2 568.2 806.3 784.2 818.2 942.7 1,140.5 1,288.7 1,643.8 2,286.0extiles 70.2 73.4 121.1 131.2 202.4 244.8 375.5 323.7 339.3 385.1 397.1

:lothing 69.6 101.2 144.5 159.2 206.6 256.3 325.9 369.1 406.3 500.7 682.2ootwear 19.9 35.3 38.1 40.7 44.1 55.2 88.7 73.8 55.0 43.3 42.1ther 8.5 8.0 10.3 13.6 12.1 11.9 16.2 17.6 17.6 13.6 19.1

:roleum products 154.8 105.5 140.3 102.4 95.7 132.4 189.2 225.4 286.6 598.2 9.3.4 984.7 634.7 756.7

d products 173.4 244.6 266.0 286.8 295.0 362.2 484.6 613.1 544.6 604.8 752.7 755.5 923.2 1.166.1

nsport equipment 40.8 66.2 82.8 82.3 128.7 124.9 222.9 83.0 200.0 342.9 569.5 566.2 517.7 722.1

micels 6 chemiel products 79.7 79.3 82.0 87.0 102.3 131.1 171.6 191.8 235.7 293.9 451.9 610.2 760.7 917.1

d produets 250.4 205.4 325.2 308.8 370.7 471.3 466.8 473.7 425.0 490.6 424.4 365.1 536.5 851.4

:1 manufacturec 64.9 61.9 74.7 82.4 114.0 171.3 249.6 211.6 206.4 240.2 302.4 356.4 522.9 771.5

imtallic ineral products 20.6 23.4 29.8 29.7 42.3 49.5 60.8 50.9 72.2 103.5 130.7 150.5 191.0 302.0

ber products 33.6 43.3 47.4 51.8 65.8 74.9 83.6 82.7 88.7 97.5 107.1 113.1 154.7 242.8

eragee 6 tobacco products 24.2 26.5 26.7 21.9 15.7 20.9 28.1 29.8 22.2 28.2 27.7 25.5 37.4 56.9

wer mnufactures 317.2 398.0 430.3 349.5 250.5 312.8 490.7 340.0 363.9 449.6 560.2 705.3 851.5 1,216.4

Total 1,686.3 1,978.8 2,476.0 2.666.2 3.633.3 4.830.1 6,269.8 6.328.3 7.398.5 9,501.8 12,151.6 12,414.1 15.266.5 20.266.6

- estimted.

xrces Department of Statlties, Bank Ngegrs Annual Report, various Issues.

abl Selo MMD SUP0mt At3 PMVATS SIEtR LIQUIOM(" tillion, and of period)

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 2975 1976 1977 1978 1979 9190 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Aug

Total 7 epply 2p032.5 2,120.4 2,715.5 5,735.2 *,055.1 9,396.8 S,257.0 6,127.4 7,242.8 9,487.0 9,761.4 11,014.5 12,976.7 13,432.3 13,356.7 13,578.9 13,957.0 14,944.9Currency ti circulation 1,000.2 1,060.7 1,269.4 1,718.1 2,029.7 2,239,0 2,627.7 3,112.3 3,578.4 4,094.2 4,757.9 5,099.7 5,727.0 6,025.3 5,974.4 6,220.2 6,580.5 6,969.2Dend deposits of private ector lb 1,032.5 1,059.7 1,646.1 2,017.1 2,025.6 2,109.8 2,629.3 3.015.1 3,664.4 4:9,2.0 5,003.5 5*934.8 6,749.7 7,407.0 7,382.3 7.358.7 7,376.5 7,975.2

DeterdminaePbic sector IsCredit oerottic, 956.9 1,173.7 1,356.5 1,652.4 1,999.0 2,599.9 3,320.7 4,l'05.6 3,764.9 4,545.1 5,653.0 6,259.4 8.301.8 11,110.7 13,141.5 10,291.4 9,702.2 10.288.2

C*ntrsl Dak 123.9 128.4 171.2 277.3 253.2 644.9 324.5 422.4 385.5 742.0 1,680.8 707.7 2,001.1 3,524.6 4,808.6 2.467.9 2,057.8 677.8Co_drcil banks 833.0 1,045.3 1,385.3 1,375.1 1,765.8 2,155.0 2,996.2 3,583.2 3,379.4 3,803.1 3,972.2 5,551.7 6,300.7 7,N56.1 8,332.9 7,823.5 7,644.4 9,610.4

Dpoat. mitth banks 927.2 1,024.2 919.9 3,O06.8 1,040.5 13287.0 2,498.4 2,792.9 2,798.0 5,286.6 5,104.2 3,967.7 9,320.5 7,680.0 8,995.7 8,922.7 6.901.6 8,420.4tc es of leading or deposits 29.7 149.5 536.6 565.6 958.5 1,312.9 822.3 1,212.7 1,016.9 -741.5 548.8 2,291.7 3,981.3 3,430.7 4,145.8 1,368.7 2,800.6 1,867.8

ITnate sector ibCredIt operattel Id 2,245.2 2,571.5 3,014.6 4,586.0 5,277.7 6,076.6 7,510.5 9,008.0 11,846.2 14.982.3 20,936.5 25,718.4 29,915.9 36,417.4 42,973.6 48,820.1 52,378.9 51,412.6Queatmoy /a 2,069.8 2,547.8 3,046.9 3,816.7 4,65N.6 5,632.7 7,491.2 8,691.6 10,223.7 13,129.1 17,690.6 21,355.5 25,171.4 27,760.7 32,531.6 36,817,6 39810.0 40,015.9Imcae of ie7lt g or of depoits 153.4 23.7 -32.3 769.1 619.1 443.9 19.3 316.4 1,620.5 1,853.2 3,045.9 49362.9 9,744.5 8,656.7 10.442.0 14,002.5 12.568.9 11,36.7 g

Etornal resrves (aet) 2,100.3 2,295.8 2,760.0 3,077.6 3,464.8 3,744.0 5,997.0 6,289,9 6,677.8 9,529.8 9,35.49 8,202.4 8,297.2 7,926,0 6,120.2 9,111,1 14,029,3 19,170.1Central Dek I 2,018.1 2,281.8 2,730.9 3,307.1 3,759.4 3,930.7 6,249.2 6,739.0 7,363,6 9,226.2 10,303.9 9,794.1 9,332,0 9,443.1 9,629.8 12456,8 16,324.8 19,115.4CNmarc al bhile A 82.2 14.0 29.1 -229.5 -294.6 -186.7 -252.2 -449.1 -685.8 303.6 -949.0 -3,591.7 -1,034.8 -1,517.1 -3,509.6 -3.345.7 -2,291.5 254.7

Otbhr iafleunces /h -252.9 -398.6 -448.8 -677.3 -987.1 -1,152.0 -1.583.6 -1,691.6 -2,072.4 -2,354.5 -3,188.2 -3,842.5 -4,146.3 -6.581.1 -7,231.3 -10.903 4 -13,441.8 -17,690.2

Priwate setor liquidity tt 6,122.3 4,668.2 5,762.4 7,551.9 8,713.9 9,983.5 12,749.2 16,819.0 17,466.5 21,616.1 27,652.0 32,370.0 37,648.1 41,193.0 45,886.3 98,396.5 53,767.0 54,9t0.3

a/De fra so only the privalwt ctoreS holdings of fmlayeian notes and coln Isued by the Central Deck sntce June 12, 1967.Defdt a are individuals, budrase enterprises, stetutory autboritils and local govrnments." 8term to fedaral ad State Ovrits.defintd co_mercItl bonk loba nd eades, bills discounted or purcaebd, bille recivble hbtch are pansela in MalAysi sad private securira am ezlt as '*ntr1l SDak r tinasciog eod rediecountig fscilitihs.

/ Defined as privat sector tfied and avings deposit with the banking system, bolding of asgotlsbl* csrtificat s of deposit and Central Bonk Certifleacas.n lacludes Dl resrve tranehe positina.

l nled bills discounted or purebaed snd blls reevablewch are por abla *broad.Al1 other balance Sheet Item of the banking System not aasoble to the Item listed, Including spcial drasing righte allocated.Cptioe Mu, apply aed que_asr-oy.

Degrce Desk llgara, Qeert.rly _conmie gllettl, 1986, M Tale 1.2.

Table 5.2, CtCXIlL BANKS - CLASSIFICAtION OF LOANS AND ADVANCES(t dillica)

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 198S 1986 1987 Jun

iculture 240.3 278.2 347.5 406.1 416.5 483.6 535.81 661.0 870.8 1,013.0 13648.4 1,910.2 2,134.4 2,389.5 2,664.0 2.936.3 3,190.4 3,085.4Rubber 114.6 105.4 123.9 147.3 109.8 133.7 135.1, 117.0 147.9 158.2 203.1 38.8 380.1 206.6 264.2 290.3 298.6 339.4Ict 1.2 2.0 0.7 0.8 1.6 8.7 13.¶1 15.3 21.3 25.7 38.2 28.1 29.5 26.3 28.5 29.3 28.1 27.5OIL Pala 35.0 39.4 36.4 64.3 51.9 74.5 101.4, 110.9 330.8 179.0 385.3 452.8 478.8 499.1 480.2 557.1 698.2 587.0Coconut and products 131 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.6 3.0 7.3 10.5 12.8 33.6 34.1 "3.7 39.1 49.7 37.4cocoa n.m. n.S. n.a. n.&. n.e. G.*. n.1. n.a. n.e. n.S. 138.9 258.2 328.1 392.2 469.1 507.8 5S3.6 576.9

"stock n.e. n.S. a.&. n.&. n.s. n.e. n.eI. n.e. n.e. a.e. 102.5 126.8 153.5 187.3 234.5 262.4 267.9 257.8For otwy 62.7 10M.7 159.8 158.4 216.3 217.6 207.' 308.2 330.9 343.3 536.6 673.0 730.4 770.2 854.6 888.3 856.6 838.0nisrtee 4.9 5.3 4.6 4.6 6.5 9.5 11.' 17.1 19.4 26.4 35.8 36.5 43.4 51.7 67.6 74.3 83.2 84.2Other 20.8 19.1 21.1 29.7 29.6 38.5 64.2 90.9 197.5 273.1 197.5 140.2 157.0 222.0 225.6 287.7 324.5 337.2

dsig en quarryinS 31.2 33.9 72.0 98.9 97.9 30F.7 10.7 98.3 128.1 122.6 210.5 276.5 494.5 626.3 486.2 492.4 429.3 392.0Tin 36.3 31.2 50.3 65.1 56.0 5!.3 46.3 52.1 82.0 77.8 145.2 180.6 201.6 179.1 187.5 173.0 133.9 331.3cm" petrolam and natural 6JJ n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. U.S. t.e. n.1e. n.e. n.*. n.e. 6.8 12.9 171.8 292.2 72.5 61.8 43.0 42.1Other 14.9 22.7 21.7 33.8 41.9 51.4 59.S 44.2 46.1 44.8 58.5 83.0 121.1 155.0 226.2 257.6 232.4 218.6

matectuwing 465.6 S69.9 610.3 683.5 1,057.0 1,265.6 1,382.0 1,594.7 2,225.6 2.564.6 4,693.8 5947.1 6,190.0 7,398.8 7.958.4 8,583.9 8.963.2 8,554.0Rubber proesssing end rubber pwtdects 41.7 32.6 #3.6 62.0 44.4 75.9 85.2 75.3 108.0 133.6 254.9 304.8 334.2 408.0 374.8 390.9 492.1 424.6Tio 15.1 8.2 6.6 15.1 3.3 0.8 0.8 8.1 13.8 5.3 32.2 39.2 73.0 33.9 34.3 61.6 52.0 S0.3Pale oll proceseng a 33.5 46.8 37.6 56.7 29.3 43.2 76.9 90.4 129.1 185.2 384.4 472.7 511.6 652.4 615.5 681.9 674.2 277.2Foed, berage md tbsceco 67.9 80.7 79.4 85.1 104.3 133.9 125.5 124.7 233.5 246.0 489.7 621.1 672.2 802.2 875.7 853.1 857.3 893.3Textile. end _esrig apparel 12.2 28.2 61.3 91.8 150.7 187.7 199.3 204.8 262.9 265.5 552.5 614.0 635.0 703.0 792.2 682.3 723.0 670.7Ibet wood prducts 15.1 19.4 29.7 26.7 34.1 48.7 69.7 93.7 127.0 143.7 633.3 554.2 630.9 775.4 936.1 959.7 995.2 988.0

aptr 6 paper product. n.S. n.e. n.e. n.4. n.S. n.e. U.S. n.e. n.A. n.e. 32.6 68.1 75.6 93.2 144.8 167.2 228.6 227.9Rr7ntings publishing 12.5 15.2 16.7 32.1 44.9 46.5 34.4 70.2 130.8 147.2 194.9 239.5 251.2 322.0 377.7 421.9 491.0 438.1tdetri l cheb del. n.A. n.&. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.S. n.S. n.&. n.e. n.e. 122.9 182.9 178.7 198.9 255.1 254.8 222.0 214.5

So". cosmtics. etc. n.&. n.&. n.*. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.S. n.e. n.S. n.e. *1.1 41.5 50.2 35.0 28.6 30.1 30.0 33.8Petrole.. product n.e. n.e. n.e. n.S. n.e. n.e. n.es. n.*. n.a. U.a. 147.3 471.7 194.8 368.6 46.2 45.4 54.3 30.6Pletic products n.S. n.e. n.,. n.e. n.*. n.J. n.e. n.e. n.4. n.e. 88.4 116.4 146.3 204.0 210.3 236.2 238.5 250.3Buildting _teriels 39.9 33.8 32.3 69.7 91.2 108.8 116.2 128.3 189.9 230.1 242.1 270.9 295.5 372.8 522.6 648.5 676.4 661.0Iron A et l products n.A. n.&. o.a. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.4. n.*. n.s. n.e. 215.9 319.9 389.3 462.2 419.3 509.5 576.3 509.3btel products n.e. n.e. n.*. n.e. n.S. n.e. n.4. n.S. n.e. n.e. 280.3 296.5 329.7 334.6 434.9 467.6 463.9 452.1bchtnery (nonelectrical) n.&. n.S. n.e. n.*. n.s. n.e. n.e. n.a. n.S. n.e. 95.6 137.3 92.2 161.4 143.4 116.2 104.1 101.4 ,

nlectricel machinery A eppliance n.&. n.e. U.&. n.S. n.&. n.S. n.S. n.e. n.S. n.a. 236.8 372.8 314.2 338.2 409.5 481.3 5391. 612.0Tr-port qipnnt n.e. n.&. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.&. n.4. na.. n.e. n.e. 255.5 383.2 349.8 41*.8 512.5 604.0 509.9 415.1Otber 225.7 305.0 312.1 446.3 554.8 620.1 653.6 799.2 1,030.6 13,88.0 413.4 440.4 665.6 721.2 824.9 971.9 984.4 93.8

sctrincty n.e. n.S. n.A. n.S. n.a. n.n. n.e. n.S. n.e. n.e. 278.9 169.6 143.7 96.3 38.6 126.9 43.3 28.6

neral comercs 756.1 793.6 924.9 1,331.5 1,602.0 13722.2 2,172.3 2,578.3 3,279.5 4,395.9 4,644.2 5.594.3 6,137.9 7,270.9 8,167.6 B,752.0 9,116.3 8.912.5Import, export 6 wleoesml trade /b 675.0 695.7 828.8 13185.2 1.393.5 1346t.8 1,850.1 2,169.1 2,740.6 3,671.5 3,485.3 4*099.2 4,216.' 4,836.3 5.312.6 5,698.9 6,011.7 53923.4

Watil trade 81.1 97.9 96.I 145.8 208.5 255.4 322.2 409.2 538.9 724.4 1,158.9 1,495.1 1,921.6 2,434.6 2,855.0 3.053.1 3,104.6 2,987.1

liding and conetruction 206.5 198.8 198.2 431.7 463.0 480.2 303.1 583.4 789.3 1,074.0 1,406.6 1,643.2 1.859.7 2.493.5 3.248.2 3,697.0 3.974.2 4,052.1

I "etate n.e. 28.7 46.8 117.1 165.7 241.5 303.2 474.5 560.4 769.3 1,710.2 2.755.2 3,660.0 4,646.6 6,032.2 6,992.2 7,510.7 7.621.8

eintg n.&. 110.7 172.7 306.. 402.9 500.9 668.1 892.7 1,229.4 1,648.8 2,232.4 2,831.4 3,497.8 4,157.7 5.129.5 6,306.3 7,038.7 7,298.7

*nsport, storage 6 Aconiaetions 17.4 32.8 32.2 52.0 62.1 89.9 119.8 163.7 205.2 337.3 400.1 623.7 715.2 750.1 771.6 773.2 727.9 591.7

dnece, Ineurance 8 business .arwicee Le 79.5 110.8 131.0 292.4 322.3 415.3 559.2 833.0 822.4 652.4 1,297.3 2,198.1 2,739.9 4,074.9 5,217.1 5.809.2 6,061.0 5.659.3

se llneeus 543.0 489.8 643.7 947.8 986.2 1,162.3 1,712.2 1.702.2 2,177.8 2.681.0 2,508.7 1,592.1 2.092.5 2,857.2 3,853.9 4.512.3 5,271.7 5.037.8Reeteurants, hotels, etc. 29.7 39.1 60.5 76.1 75.5 93.7 128.8 128.0 151.2 171.4 220.1 229.2 302.1 390.7 491.1 626.3 752.4 790.7Purchese of stocks end shares n.e. 110.0 129.4 158.1 185.9 188.5 224.7 223%9 293.7 416.8 201.7 358.1 476.0 626.7 915.9 1.073.7 1,229.8 1.143.5Cne,mption credit n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.&. n.e. n.e. n.a. 147.1 216.3 303.1 370.5 482.2 590.6 622.0 637.4Other /d 513.3 340.7 453.8 713.6 724.8 880.1 1,358.7 1,350.3 1.732.9 2.093.6 1.939.8 788.5 1,011,3 1.469.3 1,964.7 2.221.7 2.667.5 2.466.2

tal loans and advaeces E8 ERR ERR ERR ERR EIIR E3 ER ERR EnR 21.031.1 25,521.4 29.665.6 36,78.8 413.567.3 48,983.7 52,328.7 51.233.9Of which:Loene to Covernmet 0.3 0.5 32.4 102.5 143.4 182.9 274.8 291.0 330.0 323.7 324.1 342.2 427.3 1,283.0 1,383.5 1,132.6 1.166.4 1.166.4

Dte up to osceuber 1979 refer to oep end oil*.Data up to December 1979 Include bills discounted or purchased end bills receivable. ron Detembet 1980. such bills hey been classifled according to group of borrowers end tcluded In the d4te for the approprite group.Includes losne extended to the governnent Officers NoLoing Lon Schee.Data up to Decetber 1979 include loans to the Federal end Stets Oo.ernannt. Frr December 1980, such lon hae" been classified eccording to econonic activity end Included In data tor th. pproprlte actvity.

*real Bnk tgra, Quarterly Econoie Bulletin, June 1987. Table 1.7.

Table 5.3t Zf*IN COSUANIES - CLUSIFICATIOW O LOANS BY SECTlO(N$ allion)

1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Jun

aimtur. 103.5 127.3 121.9 147.2 175.5 214.0 316.7 403.2 412.1 485.8 604.8 739.4 712.6 656.3 621.1Abber 5.4 5.4 5.0 7.8 9.3 12.7 21.9 25.9 24.4 20.7 21.3 21.7 28.1 72.0 79.8-1 pau 14.4 14.7 25.5 25.3 21.1 14.4 22.2 24.2 24.1 26.0 26.6 44.5 72.9 96.6 96.6oreetry A logging 75.2 96.7 74.7 92.6 125.9 159.3 238.9 309.3 312.7 391.4 505.5 612.2 541.6 403.1 357.7'gherees & livestock 0.8 1.4 3.4 2.7 3.6 5.5 7.2 10.2 16.4 13.9 14.2 18.9 22.3 22.6 21.8ther 7.7 9.1 13.3 18.8 15.6 2;.1 26.5 33.6 34.5 33.8 37.2 42.1 47.7 62.0 65.2

king & quarryin 12.4 11.1 15.9 17.9 18.3 26.5 35.7 56.0 70.6 90.3 98.8 101.1 98.8 88.3 98.8in 9.5 4.8 7.0 8.7 10.1 15.7 17.3 21.7 21.5 21.9 20.4 20.1 16.9 13.1 21.4iarrying 2.8 6.2 8.5 8.8 7.7 12.0 17.5 32.6 48.3 66.9 76.0 78.3 73.5 68.8 71.9thor sinerals 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 C.8 0.9 1.7 0.8 1.5 2.4 2.7 8.4 6.4 5.5

ufacturing 30.2 30.7 50.7 74.0 94.6 117.3 139.2 179.9 225.6 294.6 449.7 558.3 617.8 576.b 551.4-od, beverages & tobacco 0.7 1.6 3.3 4.3 5.2 !.3 8.3 12.6 13.5 18.2 31.2 47.9 56.3 52.6 45.9:xtiles & wearing apparel 0.6 1.5 2.4 6.7 7.6 4.6 7.5 10.0 15.6 22.5 40.7 44.7 52.0 42.1 39.8ood & wood products 12.4 11.5 14.5 18.7 21.4 32.9 43.4 49.0 52.8 62.1 84.7 97.6 93.1 82.2 82.0-inting, publishing, paper, etc. 2.7 3.6 5.7 8.8 11.9 11.5 17.3 22.1 38.2 58.0 77.7 94.0 86.6 82.4 72.2 1:tal 6 aetal products 0.5 2.8 2.9 5.3 6.7 7.4 12.8 20.2 22.4 23.2 33.8 29.1 62.5 55.4 52.0-chinery, appliances 6 transport equipmnt 10.2 4.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 3.4 7.3 11.1 12.8 16.9 30.8 31.3 46.6 35.6 30.5 t4'her 3.1 4.9 15.0 23.5 35.1 41.2 42.6 54.9 70.3 93.7 150.8 213.7 220.7 226.5 229.0 1

struction 53.9 64.2 90.0 95.2 127.6 153.8 231.4 339.2 439.7 521.6 601.6 695.5 731.9 699.7 759.&

-ral conerce 17.2 31.9 50.6 67.5 85.5 106.5 153.3 204.6 254.1 297.0 384.1 591.8 759.3 773.4 754.1Aport, export & wholesale trade 2.8 5.0 12.1 16.5 20.9 24.2 32.7 40.1 40.9 63.0 90.9 151.8 195.1 192.3 182.1stall trade 14.4 26.9 38.5 51.0 64.6 82.3 120.6 164.5 213.2 234.0 293.2 440.0 564.2 581.1 572.0

vate individuals 282.7 316.3 367.0 461.7 618.4 831.9 1,110.7 1,508.3 1,977.2 2,486.6 3,132.8 4,038.7 4,793.7 5,160.0 5,199.5-using 61.7 88.5 139.5 210.5 261.7 348.9 450.3 619.8 833.4 1,072.1 1,282.6 1,542.8 1,828.8 2,075.4 2,162.4-naumption credit 170.4 191.3 199.1 227.2 324.7 437.7 607.3 814.4 1,002.9 1,202.4 1,587.9 2,141.4 2,400.8 2,145.2 2,008.5ther 50.6 36.5 28.4 24.0 32.0 45.3 53.1 74.1 140.9 212.1 262.3 354.5 564.1 939.4 1,028.6

cellaneous 102.8 151.0 217.5 307.3 390.6 516.2 665.0 873.5 1,200.9 1,536.1 2,153.1 3,340.3 4,611.7 5,046.9 5,126.1,ansport 6 storage 22.3 36.7 43.9 63.3 76.5 84.9 109.8 215.0 283.3 319.0 366.0 423.1 436.8 384.6 347.4al estate 61.1 81.4 130.7 169.1 197.7 274.9 379.1 460.7 643.7 856.0 1,208.3 1,903.6 2,500.6 2,912.0 3,021.1msinas services 5.4 13.4 16.7 28.5 51.8 68.4 78.4 102.3 152.3 187.7 292.9 446.5 603.9 539.3 551.3

ther 14.0 19.5 26.2 46.4 64.6 88.0 97.7 95.5 121.6 173.4 285.9 567.1 1,070.4 -

Doasatlc loane 602.7 732.5 913.6 1,170.8 1,510.5 1,968.2 2,652.0 3,564.7 4,580.2 5,712.0 7,424.9 10,065.1 12,325.8 13,001.4 13,110.1

Foreign loana 12.8 8.1 5.9 5.2 3.4 3.7 3.6 11.8 5.4 3.7 1.6 1.9 0.7 0.3 0.2

Total loans 615.5 740.6- 919.5 1.176.0 1.513.9 1.971.9 2.655.6 3.576.5 4.585.6 5.715.7 7.426.5 10.066.9 12.326.5 13.001.7 13,110.3

cet Book Negara, Qarterly Econmeic Uullqtien, Mrch-June 1986, Table 1.11.

Table 5.4: INTEREST RATES IN MALAYSIA(2 p.a.)

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Sep

Commercial banksDeposit rates:Fixed - 1 month 4.50 3.50 3.50 3.00 5.00 5.25 8.50 9.00 9.00 8.25 10.00 7.25 6.00 2.CO

6 months 7.00 6.00 6.00 5.50 5.75 5.75 8.50 10.50 9.25 8.50 10.50 7.50 6.75 3.0/3.25

12 months 9.00 7.50 7.50 6.50 6.50 7.00 9.00 11.00 10.00 9.00 10.75 7.50 7.00 4.00

Saving - - - 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 6.50 6.00 7.50 6.00 6.00 3.50

Loan rates:Prime rate /b 10.00 8.50 8.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 10.75 10.00 7.50

Average lending rate /c n.a. n.a. n.a. 9.47 9.34 9.42 10.13 11.99 12.30 11.60 12.81 12.11 12.02 9.S2/t

Finance companiesDeposit rates:Fixed - 3 month - - - - - - 9.50 10.50 9.00 9.00 10.75 8.00 7.50 3.00

6 months - - - - 6.00 7.00 9.50 11.00 9.25 9.50 11.00 8.00 7.50 3.50

12 months - - - - 7.30 8.00 10.50 12.00 10.00 9.75 11.00 8.25 7.75 4.50

Saving - - - - 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 8.00 8.00 9.00 7.00 7.00 5.50

Loan rates:Average lending rate /c - - - - 10.45 10.23 10.39 11.76 12.33 12.01 12.23 14.66 13.96 12.93/d

GeneralTreasury bill rates tc

3 months 4.886 4.973 4.379 3.564 4.212 3.470 4.460 4.500 5.124 5.196 5.060 4.129 3.887 2.615

Interbank rates /fOvernight 2.728 4.205 2.623 4.829 2.470 4.372 3.308 3.467 5.237 8.354 5.931 4.973 1.653 3.010/d

Seven-day 5.025 7.849 4.941 5.681 4.116 5.258 5.946 6.297 7.947 9.412 9.087 6.594 3.038 2.625T7i

3 months - - - - - - 9.367 8.628 8.628 9.256 9.210 7.785 6.350 2.9927d

memoInflation rate 17.4 4.4 2.6 4.7 5.0 3.6 6.6 9.7 5.8 3.7 3.9 0.3 0.7 1.5

/a May 1985, except for Consumer Price Index which has been estimated for 1985.

/b On advances.7 Refers to weighted average lending rate aggregated from quarterly data. Prior to September 1986 only quarterly data are available.

August 1987.b Average discount rate on 3-month bills.

Daily average for week, refers to interbank lending rates of ten banks.

a Annual percentage change in Consumer Price Index.

Source: Bank Negara Malaysia, quarterly Economic Bulletin, Warch-June 1986, Table IV.2, IV.3, IV.4, IV.5; Database Table 6.1 for inflation

rate.

- 54 -

Table 5.5: STRUCTURE OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM(M$ million)

Assets as at end ofSector 1960 1970 1980 1985 1986

Banking system 2,356 7,455 54,346 118,298 129,470

Monetary institutions 2,346 6,882 45,180. 91,342 100,237Central Bank 104 2,227 12,994 16,525 20,201Currency Board /a 930 195 - - -Commercial banks 1,232 4,460 32,186 74,817 80,036

Nonmonetary institutions 10 573 9,166 26,956 29,233Finance companies 10 531 5,635 17,833 19,635Merchant banks - - 2,229 6,296 6,374Discount houses - 42 1,292 2,827 3,224Credit Guarantee Corporation - - 10 - -

Nonbank financial intermediaries 1,197 4,167 19,807 49,977 57,656

Provident, pension and insurance funds 836 3,156 13,846 32,643 37,225Employees provident fund 633 2,265 9,481 24,708 28,467other provident funds 100 452 1,889 2,094 3,265Life insurance funds 83 324 1,657 3,646 4,000General Insurance funds 20 115 819 1,385 1,413

Development finance institutions /b 1 133 2,193 4,044 4,348

Savings institutions /c 267 645 2,463 7,434 8,565

Other financial intemediaries /d 93 233 1,305 5,856 7,510

Total 3,553 11,622 74,153 168,275 187,126

/a Malaysia's estimated share of assets of the Currency Board. The Currency Board ceasedto function with effect from November 30, 1979, following its liquidation Z-d thefinal distribution of its assets to the three participating Governments of Malaysia,Singapore and Brunei.

/b Include Malaysian Industrial Development Finance Berhad (MIDF), Agricultural Bank ofMalaysia, Borneo Development Corporation, Sabah Development Bank Berhad, Sabah CreditCorporation, Development Bank of Malaysia and Industrial Development Bank of MalaysiaBerhad.

/c Include National Savings Bank, Bank Nerjasama Bakyat and the cooperative societies.

/d Include Unit Trusts, Building Societies and Pilgrims Management and Fund Board.

- 55 -

Table 5.6: LOANS-DEPOSITS GROWTH IN THE BANKING SYSTEM(M$ million)

Annual change1975 1980 1983 1985 1986 1987 June

Loans

Commercial banks 892.8 5,771.3 7,116.2 5,477.4 3,347.0 -1094.8

Finance companies 178.9 920.6 1,710.8 2,259.5 675.2 109.6

Merchant banks 150.6 346.2 944.4 345.3 -80.9 -123.2

Total 1,222.3 7,038.1 9,771.4 8,082.2 3,941.3 -1133.6

Deposits

Commercial banks 1,069.6 4,915.8 5,450.1 4,100.8 3,791.8 1698.5

Finance companies 236.7 1,250.5 1,752.5 1,894.3 1,491.6 -13.9

Merchant banks 80.8 15:.8 1,027.5 560.2 -228.8 -47R82

Total 1,387.1 6,325.1 8,230.1 6,555.3 5,054.6 1206.3

Loans-deposits gap (-) 164.8 -713.0 -1,541.3 -1,526.9 1,113.3surplus (I)

As at end of period

Loans-deposits ratio (2) 77,9 86.8 90.6 94.0 92.9 89.7

Table 5.7: INTEREST MARGINS IN MALAYSIA(% p.-a.)

Commercial banks Finance companies Merchant banksMode Modebase Average Average base Average Average Average Average

End of lending cost of lending lending cost of lending cost of lendingperiod rate/a deposits rates /b Margin rate g!h deposits rate /b Margin deposits rate /b Margin

1980 Dec - 6.20 10.22 4.02 - 9.10 12.32 3.22 - -

1981 Dec - 7.77 12.07 4.30 - 11.23 15.58 4.35 - -

1982 Dec 12.00 i.17 12.34 5.17 - 10.64 15.88 5.24 - - -

1983 Dec 10.75 6.61 11.64 5.03 - 9.40 15.87 6.47 8.90 10.80 1.90

1984 Dec 12.25 8.22 13.14 4.92 - 10.64 15.22 4.58 10.40 13.10 2.70

1985 Dec 10.75 6.53 12.10 5.57 - 9.72 14.66 4.94 8.30 11.00 2.70

1986 Mar 10.75 6.78 12.08 5.30 12.00 9.26 14.37 5.11 8.90 11.10 2.20Jun 10.75 6.85 12.27 5.42 12.00 9.13 14.29 5.16 10.40 13.10 2.70Sep 10.75 7.00 12.39 5.39 12.00 9.26 14.15 4.89 10.90 12.90 2.00Dec 10.00 6.45 12.02 5.57 11.50 9.13 13.96 4.83 7.60 10.70 3.10

1987 Mar 9.00 5.11 10.99 5.88 10.50 8.52 13.40 4.88 4.80 8.10 3.30JuD 7.75 4.28 10.07 5.79 9.25 7.57 12.96 5.39 3.60 6.20 2.60Sep 7.50 4.02 9.85 5.83 9.25 6.57 12.93 6.36 3.40 5.70 2.30Dec - - - - - - - - - -

/a Refers to the rate quoted with the highest frequency. Data available from December 1982 for the commercialbanks and from January 1986 for the finance companies..

/b Refers to the weighted average lending rate of loans (including the trade bills but excluding loans to thestaff) of all commercial banks.

Table 5.8: MALAYSIA: COMMERCIAL BANKS: CREDIT TO PRIORITY SECTORS, 1977-84 /a(In M$ million; credit outstanding at end of period)

Priority sectors 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1986

Bumiputera community 1,335.1 1,991.1 2,650.0 3,885.8 5,264.8 7,027.3 8,815.0 15,332.0

Agricultural foodproduction 322.6 526.7 772.5 1,243.0 1,466.8 1,631.4 1,973.3 -

Small-scale enterprises /b 1,436.8 1,871.8 2,783.6 2,806.7 2,890.0 3,216.2 3,466.1 5,232.8Of which:Special loan scheme - - - - 301.7 722.7 803.9 696.3

Manufacturing Ic /d 1,594.7 2,225.5 2,564.7 4,683.8 5,947.4 6,190.0 7,398.8 8,965.2Lfl

Housing for individuals /d 892.7 1,229.4 1,648.8 2,232.5 2,810.9 3,497.6 4,157.7 7,038.7 1

/a Lending guidelines were first issued on September 23, 1976 and made effective from October 1, 1976.

/b In 1983 no new guideline in the form of prescribed targets was introduced for lending to small-scaleenterprises. The commercial banks were only requred to maintain their 1982 level of lending throughout1983. This requirement ceased in 1984. However, the requirements of the SLs remain.

/c From 1979 no new guideline in the form of prescribed targets was introduced for lending to the manufac-turing throughout each successive year. In 1984 no new guideline in any form was set for loans to thesetwo sectors, except for housing loan commitments in terms of units.

/d Excluding food processing.

Table 5.9: CREDIT ALLOCATION OF BANKING SYSTEM /a(M$ million)

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Agriculture 1,635.00 2,436.00 2,971.00 3,434.00 3,983.00 4,561.00 4,867.00 5,145.00(%) 7.96 8.66 8.54 8.44 7.95 7.56 7.03 6.97

Mining & quarrying 190.00 288.00 378.00 621.00 812.00 685.00 702.00 647.00(Z) 0.92 1.02 1.09 1.53 1.62 1.13 1.01 0.88

Manufacturing 4,238.00 5,738.00 7,469.00 7,906.00 9,550.00 9,967.00 10,730.00 11,116.00(2) 20.63 20.40 21.47 19.44 19.05 16.51 15.50 15.05

Construction 1,385.00 1,833.00 2,331b00 2,605.00 3,313.00 4,383.00 5,118.00 5,283.00(2) 6.74 6.52 6.70 6.40 6.61 7.26 7.39 7.15

Real estate 1,209.00 2,282.00 3,598.00 4,735.00 6,252.00 8,590.00 10,429.00 11,334.00(Z) 5.88 8.11 10.34 11.64 12.47 14.23 15.07 15.34

Housing 2,789.00 3,884.00 4,900,00 6,087.00 7,291.00 8,910.00 10,716.00 12,062.00(2) 13.57 13.81 14.09 14.96 14.54 14.76 15.48 16.33

General commerce 3,834.00 5,197.00 6,353.00 6,931.00 8,246.00 9,530.00 10,580.00 11,565.00(%) 18.66 18.48 18.26 17.04 16.45 15.79 15.28 15.66

Business services n.a. 661.00 764n00 839.00 1,206.00 1,850.00 2,161.00 2,276.00(2) 0.00 2.35 2.20 2.06 2.41 3.06 3.12 3.08

Transport & storage 477.00 671.00 1,027.00 1,168.00 1,235.00 1,327.00 580.00 1,293.00(2) 232 2.39 2.95 2.87 2.46 2.20 0.84 1.75

Consumer credit n.a. 961.00 1,219.00 1,506.00 1,958.00 2,623.00 2,991.00 2,767.00(%) 0.00 3.42 3n50 3.70 3.91 4.34 4.32 3.75

Other 4,789.00 4,174.00 3,775.00 4,846.00 6,282.00 7,944.00 10,349.00 10,379.00(2) 23.31 14.84 10.85 11.91 12.53 13.16 14.95 14.05

Total 20.546.00 28.125.00 34,785,00 40,678.00 50,128.00 60,370.00 69.223.00 73,867.00

/a Includes commercial banks, finance companies and merchant banks.

Source: BNM.

- 59 -

Table 6.1: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: CONSUMER PRICE INDEX(1967 - 100)

Weights 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981

Food 46.8 151.7 157.4 160.5 169.3 177.7 181.7 188.3 207.6

Beverages & tobacco 8.9 110.7 121.3 122.8 127.3 133.8 135.6 144.5 163.7

Clothing & footwear 4.8 144.1 143.3 146.9 152.6 157.9 168.1 179.5 196.5

Gross rent, fuel & power 9.4 111.5 118.9 125.6 133.2 139.9 149.1 163.4 180.1

Furniture & householdequipment 6.6 150.5 157.8 161.7 167.3 174.2 181.0 194.2 208.9

Medical care & health 2.0 116.4 122.4 135.2 140.9 146.0 155.3 167.0 185.0

Transport & communication 10.4 119.7 127.1 133.4 138.1 146.3 151.5 161.8 176.2

Recreation, educational& cultural services 5.6 126.9 129.5 130.3 132.7 135.5 138.8 144.1 152.4

Miscellaneous 5.5 140.4 147.9 151.3 159.4 170.2 191.7 246.0 261.8

Total 100.0 137.8 144.0 147.7 154.8 162.4 168.3 179.5 196.8

- 60 -

Table 6.2: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: CONSUMER PRICE INDEX(1980 - 100)

Weights 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 /a

Food 36.2 111.4 120.6 121.7 126.2 123.1 123.4 122.8

beverages & tobacco 4.9 113.9 121.5 147.5 152.7 154.6 157.1 168.7

Clothing & footwear 4.7 109.5 114.1 118.6 121.6 122.8 123.2 123.7

Gross rent, fuel & power 18.2 109.9 116.8 124 133.3 138.9 141.1 141.9

Furniture & householdequipment 5.9 106.4 109.6 112.3 113.4 113.6 114.4 116.4

Madical care & health /b 1.3 109.0 114.4 130 131.5 134.4 136.6 137.5

Transport & communication 16.6 107.9 111.5 114.2 119.9 122.5 123.0 126.8

Recreation, educational5 cultural services /b 6.7 i05.5 iu8.i 107.4 1U4.6 i03.i 103.5 105.7

Miscellaneous /b 5.5 109.1 111.7 118.8 120.7 120.7 122.3 123.9

Total 100.0 109.7 116.1 120.4 125.1 125.5 126.4 128.3

/a Estimated by Ministry of Finance.

/b Not updated for 1985/86.

Source: Fifth Malysia Plan, Table 2.6. (Original source was Consumer Price Index forPeninsular Malaysia); and Ministry of Finance, Economic Report 1986/87 (for 1985and 1986 update).

- 61 -

Table 6.3: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: PRODUCER PRICE INDEX (BY SITC GROUP)(1972 - 100)

Weights 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983

Local ProductionFood & live animals 25.8 141.9 141.2 148.0 154.4 155.9 165.7- 178.6 183.7 183.9Beverages & tobacco 4.2 114.8 113.7 118.6 124.9 128.6 138.3 160.4 172.4 202.6Crude materials 35.7 149.4 189.5 206.2 227.2 268.6 293.2 258.2 230.5 262.6Fuels 5.1 174.8 190.6 197.9 202.8 269.8 359.1 464.3 468.3 450.8Oils & fats 3.8 182.3 175.6 243.9 232.5 268.4 216.5 209.6 177.4 213.6Chemlcals 2.8 163.7 147.5 147.4 154.6 169.8 189.1 201.3 192.5 187.2Manufactures 15.8 145.8 164.4 205.8 223.5 250.5 275.7 264.1 254.7 254.8Machinery & transport 4.1 126.5 138.6 150.7 166.0 174.6 179.1 188.7 193.6 203.1Misc. manufactures 2.7 131.5 139.5 145.8 149.4 161.0 175.9 186.9 192.7 198.0

Total 100.0 146.7 165.2 182.6 195.4 220.7 240.1 236.2 225.8 239.4

Imported GoodsFood & live animals 18.8 154.1 154.7 159.6 168.9 164.8 181.6 203.0 181.0 175.2Beverages & tobacco 5.9 130.7 136.0 144.6 154.2 158.4 161.5 180.4 185.8 236.7Crude materials 5.8 156.5 170.2 183.9 195.2 205.5 230.2 232.7 226.5 224.4Fuels 8.3 255.4 280.2 281.8 279.6 350.6 497.2 580.4 580.9 530.7oiis & fats 0.5 i92.4 177.6 184.4 183.0 200.5 206.6 208.5 207.i 203.5Chemicals 8.2 160.7 153.5 155.1 155.6 178.5 196.2 210.5 203.6 198.0Manufactures 20.1 135.8 142.0 144.5 150.6 163.0 176.0 186.8 188.8 186.0Machinery & transport 26.9 125.7 134.7 141.6 153.0 167.0 172.4 178.8 178.9 181.8Misc. manufactures 5.5 120.7 129.7 125.1 131.2 147.7 154.5 160.2 158.5 161.2

Total 100.0 148.8 155.7 160.2 167.7 182.5 205.7 223.2 218.8 216.3

Goods In the DomestlcEconomyFood 6 live animals 23.9 144.5 144.1 150.4 157.4 157.8 169.0 183.8 183.1 182.1Beverages & tobacco 4.6 120.1 121.2 127.4 134.8 138.7 146.1 167.1 176.9 214.2Crude materials 27.7 149.8 188.4 204.9 255.4 265.0 289.7 256.8 230.2 260.5Fuels 6.6 204.8 224.0 229.1 231.3 299.3 410.5 507.5 510.2 480.5Oils & fats 2.9 182.8 175.0 242.0 230.1 265.1 216.0 209.5 178.9 213.1Chemicals 4.3 162.1 150.6 151.4 155.1 172.2 192.7 206.1 198.2 192.8Manufactures 16.9 142.6 157.4 186.4 200.5 222.9 244.3 239.) 233.9 233.1Machinery & transport 10.2 125.9 135.8 144.3 156.9 169.3 174.4 181.8 183.2 188.1Misc. manufactures 3.5 126.9 135.5 137.1 141.7 155.4 166.9 175.7 178.3 182.5

Total 100.0 147.3 162.6 176.6 188.0 210.5 230.9 232.8 244.0 233.3

Source: Department of Statistics.

- 62 -

Table 6.4: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: PRODUCER PRICE INDEX(1978-100)

Weights 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987/a

Local ProductionFood & live animals 18.28 102.6 109.2 118.3 122.4 122.9 129.2 135.8 144.1 153.0Beverages 6 tobacco 2.75 102.0 109.0 127.0 135.9 158.7 162.7 165.3 167.6 174.6Crude materials 27.15 121.4 131.6 118.9 109.8 120.4 122.1 113.2 108.2 111.5Fuels, lubricants 11.95 117.6 141.9 165.4 162.9 159.8 160.2 157.7 123.0 121.4Animal & veg. oils

& fats 8.16 115.3 94.2 91.6 77.2 89.7 138.3 103.9 58.8 71.9Chemicals 2.61 110.0 121.6 126.8 121.6 122.8 123.6 123.0 121.6 122.1Manufactures 14.58 110.5 122.0 123.4 121.4 122.1 120.1 121.1 105.6 105.8Machinery & transport 9.48 102.0 115.4 115.0 115.7 117.4 120.9 119.9 116.9 120.1Misc. manufactures 3.40 108.7 116.6 125.3 129.1 132.6 136.2 137.3 140.2 142.6Commodities n.e.i. 1.55 136.6 190.0 228.6 226.8 209.3 223.0 219.2 168.7 148.3

Total 100.00 112.5 122.2 124.8 121.6 125.9 132.1 127.9 117.0 120.7

Imported GoodsFood & live animals 13.08 97.8 108.5 119.7 105.7 103.6 106.0 103.8 101.8 101.7Beverages & tobacco 2.62 103.1 105.6 118.0 121.0 152.6 165.4 165.5 168.8 181.3Crude materials 4.42 104.9 116.2 119.1 117.4 116.5 117.8 120.2 110.3 103.7Fuels, lubricants 9.71 128.6 187.0 220.0 219.4 201.9 192.3 196.9 186.0 178.4Animal & veg. oils& fats 0.16 103.4 105.8 106.6 105.8 104.8 103.7 105.5 105.3 106.8

Chemicals 8.88 114.0 130.3 138.0 134.1 129.8 129.8 131.1 132.3 135.215.69 9.5 121.6 130.6 130.5 125.9 127.9 129.1 129.7 132.5

Machinery & transport 38.90 108.2 113.3 119.3 118.8 120.4 120.2 121.5 123.5 125.4Misc. manufactures 5.62 105.8 114.3 121.9 118.7 114.7 113.2 113.9 117.6 120.3Commodities n.e.i. 0.92 103.8 111.2 115.3 115.5 117.3 117.4 117.5 121.1 125.6

Total 100.00 109.1 122.6 132.6 130.0 128.1 128.1 129.1 128.7 129.6

Goods in the DomesticEconomyFood & live animals 16.82 101.5 109.0 118.6 118.7 118.7 124.2 128.8 134.8 141.8Beverages & tobacco 2.71 102.3 108.1 124.6 131.8 157.0 163.4 165.3 167.9 176.4Crude materials 20.75 120.4 130.7 118.9 110.3 120.1 121.8 113.7 108.3 111.0Fuels 11.32 120.2 152.8 178.6 176.5 170.0 168.0 167.2 138.2 135.2Fuels, lubricants 5.91 115.2 94.2 91.7 77.4 89.8 138.1 103.9 59.1 72.2Animal & veg. oils& fats 4.38 112.3 126.6 133.2 128.7 126.8 127.1 127.6 127.7 129.6

Manufactures 14.89 110.2 121.9 125.5 124.2 123.2 122.5 123.4 112.8 113.7Machinery & transport 17.76 105.8 114.1 117.7 117.6 119.2 120.5 120.9 121.0 123.4Misc. manufactures 4.09 107.6 115.7 124.0 125.0 125.6 127.4 128.2 131.4 134.0Commodities n.e.i. 1.37 130.4 175.1 207.2 205.8 191.9 203.1 199.9 159.7 144.0

Total 100.00 111.6 122.3 127.0 123.9 126.6 131.0 128.2 120.3 123.2

/a January - July.

Source: Ministry of Finance, Economic Reports 1985/86 and 1986/87, Table 2.6. Primary sourcewas Department of Statistics.

Table 7.1: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: INDEX OF INDUSTRIL PRODUCTION(1968 = 100)

Weights 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983

ing Ia 31.4 95.5 85.3 85.0 80.6 75.4 70.7 69.6 64.6 68.9 69.6 67.7 66.5 57.7 45.5ctricity /b 9.2 115.3 123.1 138.8 153.5 170.0 185.0 206.0 229.0 253.4 279.3 307.4 326.9 339.2 378.2ufacturing Ic 59.4 129.8 137.8 155.1 187.1 215.8 216.0 256.9 284.2 311.9 341.5 362.6 374.6 387.1 401.0rocessing of agri. products 7.3 130.1 144.5 164.8 182.2 210.4 235.5 254.1 307.4 349.7 423.8 439.9 490.0 622.1 564.1ood 9.8 115.9 111.9 115.4 130.3 128.5 136.2 156.5 162.0 171.7 177.9 185.8 182.0 181.3 199.6everages 2.7 131.0 129.4 135.9 169.7 195.1 184.6 214.0 248.3 292.1 346.2 378.0 351.9 344.0 313.9obacco products 4.3 119.9 123.5 130.6 154.5 167.5 166.9 174.1 188.2 191.4 207.5 207.1 210.1 215.1 209.8extiles 1.3 114.6 122.0 156.1 196.8 141.C, 213.9 302.5 313.9 366.8 366.1 375.7 382.1 363.9 347.3_od products 7.1 125.5 140.4 183.7 203.3 185.9 190.2 265.2 286.4 247.1 280.4 287.3 303.4 300.5 361.9aper and paper products 0.5 141.3 155.2 175.0 218.4 214.; 203.8 276.1 285.0 328.6 387.2 435.9 493.2 467.4 506.5ibber products 3.8 125.3 131.9 139.8 166.5 161.7 164.1 185.4 196.0 193.1 196.0 203.6 222.4 194.4 186.5hemicals and chemical products 5.7 118.9 121.5 144.2 165.6 175.1 154.7 176.3 180.4 203.7 234.9 250.7 259.7 223.9 237.7 I

products of petroleum and coal 3.0 99.5 92.0 96.6 99.1 101.5 117.9 150.3 169.1 188.9 197.8 193.7 187.7 181.4 199.5 'Wonmetallic mineral products 4.5 118.2 119.3 129.2 147.0 154.f 161.3 189.5 196.0 245.6 260.0 278.5 322.6 321.5 340.2asic metal industries 1.5 139.3 166.5 192.2 225.5 237.5 227.5 242.2 284.3 317.5 315.1 358.8 360.3 387.5 414.9etal products 2.5 131.4 141.3 171.7 242.8 267.5 186.0 207.9 233.0 291.5 296.4 322.9 381.7 373.6 367.1lectrical machinery /d 1.2 171.5 188.9 192.4 200.6 247.( 287.0 338.4 432.4 466.4 484.0 487.4 510.3 744.2 1,043.1ransport equipment 1.4 272.5 281.9 268.3 393.0 531.z 412.1 416.6 481.4 572.6 613.5 852.6 855.1 780.3 948.4ther 1.4 193.9 239.4 313.6 474.5 906.C 915.3 1,179.4 1,311.9 1,438.4 1,620.7 1,705.8 1,635.6 1,622.0 1,594.8

All Sectors 100.0 117.7 120.0 132.2 150.6 167.f 167.6 196.4 210.1 230.3 250.4 265.0 273.5 279.3 287.3

Covers production of tin and iron ore, which accounted for 97% of value edded in mining in 1968.Covers 97% of total electricity output in 1968.The index covers 145 manufacturing items classified under 56 individual lindustries and 16 major groups, which accounted for 76% of total value added in1968. Six major groups are excluded from the index: footwear, other weatring apparel and made-up textiles; furniture and fixtures; printing and pub-lishing; leather, fur and leather products; miscellaneous industries; anE.. machinery except electrical machinery.Includes electrical apparatus, appliances and supplies.

rce: Bank Negara, Quarterly Economic Bulletin, March/June 1985, Table 6.6.

- 64 -

Table 7.2: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: INDEX OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION(1981 - 100)

Weight 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Electricity /a 3.9 103.7 115.6 124.7 134.7 147.5Mining /b 30.4 105.4 132.0 165.6 166.4 192.4petroleum mining 23.0 111.2 152.3 196.7 200.1 238.5Tin mining 7.4 87.0 69.1 68.8 61.5 48.6

Manufacturing /c 65.7 103.6 112.6 125.4 117.6 126.1Food manufacturing 10.6 109.0 109.5 122.9 134.3 154.7Other dairy products 1.2 98.5 103.8 107.7 119.3Fish, crustacean. etc. 0.3 65.5 61.9 48.1 49.2Palm oil 6.0 117.2 110.9 132.0 149.9Palm kernel oil 0.6 139.3 153.0 168.4 198.8Large rice mills 0.5 93.9 108.6 96.5 102.4Flour mills 0.4 89.4 93.0 96.5 95.9Biscuit factoriea 0.3 98.4 105.7 116.3 102.0Sugar factories & refineries 0.7 98.3 117.3 120.9 118.5Prepared animal feeds 0.6 87.4 96.7 107.5 109.0

Beverage industries 2.4 94.7 84.3 82.5 87.0 122.0Malt liquors and malt 1.7 93.9 76.7 79.5 81.7Soft drinks 0.7 96.6 101.3 89.1 98.1

Tobacco manufactures 2.4 109.0 104.8 113.6 106.8Wearing apparel (excluding footwear) 1.2 103.7 103.0 129.6 125.5 134.4Manufacture of textiles 2.7 92.5 91.8 93.2 92.8Natural fiber spinning & weaving 0.5 120.4 120.4 138.2 141.6Dye, bleach, printing, finishing 1.6 77.9 74.1 68.0 69.0Synthetic textile mills 0.6 110.3 118.2 127.2 119.1

Petroleum refineries 4.7 109.2 139.8 149.0 139.1Wood, wood and cork products (excl. furniture) 5.5 108.4 121.4 99.9 89.0 90.1

Sawmills 4.0 110.4 124.5 100.9 115.4Plywood, hard & particle board 1.5 103.4 113.6 97.0 90.1

industrial chemicals 0.9 86.4 88.7 101.4 106.8 99.5Industrial gases 0.3 102.0 109.9 125.3 115.2Fertilisers and pesticides 0.6 78.5 78.0 89.4 102.5

Other chemical products 1.3 96.0 100.9 103.6 117.1 124.7Paints, varnishes & lacquers 0.5 107.3 109.9 122.1 124.7Soap, cleaning preparations 0.8 88.8 95.0 91.7 112.2

Rubber products 3.7 105.7 108.4 119.2 112.9 124.4Tires and tubes 1.5 89.2 93.9 81.8 87.2Rubber remilling 6 latex processing 2.2 114.4 115.8 126.4 124.5

Other rubber products 0.9 112.4 114.6 115.4 126.1Nonmetallic mineral products 3.5 94.8 99.9 111.3 99.4 88.2Structural clay products 0.8 95.1 107.4 125.5 107.8Hydraulic cement 1.4 103.2 104.9 117.1 105.3Cement and concrete products 1.3 86.2 90.0 96.3 88.1

Iron and steel 1.3 104.5 123.1 164.2 130.3 120.9Primary iron and steel 0.4 116.6 134.6 238.4 141.7Other iron and steel 0.9 98.9 117.7 129.3 125.0

Nonferrous metal 0.8 114.8 99.3 86.8 85.3 85.0Fabricated metal products 1.7 100.9 90.8 135.5 130.5 129.2Tin cans & metal boxes 0.4 86.3 92.7 96.2 103.7Wire and wire products 0.4 93.6 93.0 97.2 84.1Brass, copper, pewter & aluminum products 0.4 83.7 64.1 202.1 182.2Other metal products 0.5 134.8 110.9 130.3 145.9

Electrical machinery, apparatus, appliances 9.8 126.7 148.5 201.6 151.9Radio and television sets 1.2 102.9 151.7 178.9 215.4Semiconductors & other electronic components 8.6 129.9 148.0 204.6 143.3

Transport equipment 2.0 96.0 111.1 119.7 120.2 72.2Motor vehicle bodies 0.2 88.3 72.3 85.2 62.2Motor vehicle assembly 1.1 90.4 109.1 126.3 128.2Motor vehicle parts & accessories 0.3 97.4 115.2 140.4 150.7Motorcycle & scooter assembly 0.4 117.2 137.2 100.0 102.2

ICA establishments 10.3 93.1 93.4 94.3 96.6 93.8

All Sectors 100.0 105.5 118.6 137.6 134.2

/a The index covers electricity production of the public sector, which accounted for more than 99% of totalelectricity generated in 1981.

/b The index covers production of tin ore and crude petroleum, which accounted for 98% of the Census Outputand 99S of the Census Value Added of the Mining Sector in 1981.

/c The index covers 152 commodities classified under 43 industries and 17 major groups, which accounted for831 of the Census Output, 78% of the Census Value Added and 76! of total Production Value of the Manu-facturing Sector in 1981.

Source: Department of Statistics, Monthly Industrial Statistics Peninsular Malaysia, December 1985,Table 2.

t~ *r - C rF. tf- hlv ' -- I -t I I -Ar ' -1-- 1 7

- 65 -

Table 7.3: PENINSULAR KALAYS!A' PRODUCTION OF SELECTED KANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Food and bzversgiassweetened condensed milk (mt) 110,840 113,782 117,442 129,507 126,884Canned fish, frozen shrimps/prawns (mt) 11,486 11,743 9,346 10,059 12,180Refined sugar (Mt) 477,489 583,809 603,173 591,200 673,745Prepared animal feeds (mt) 590,798 652.590 726,022 735,805Biscuits (at) 44,807 48,128 53,069 46,636 52,345Beer and stout (liters) 118,061 95,351 99,828 102,608 101,279Soft drinks and carbonated beverages (litters) 178,420 180,161 159,583 177,476 161,755

Tobacco productsCigarettes (at) 14,054 13,502 14,671 13,839 13,706

TextilesCotton yarn (mt) 23,393 23,551 24,934 25,165 28,535Sewing thread (mln m) 16,632 18,926 22,208 21,796Cotton cloth ('000 a) 204,004 193,948 178,084 180,746 189,585Synthetic yarn (mt) 45,065 48,485 50.114 46,705 48,359Knitted fabric ('000 m) 8,784 11,340 14,261 15,814Knitted garments ('000 units) /a 21,472 21,056 20,165 24,184Nonknitted garments ('000 uuitt /b 39,051 37,659 48,239 47,107

Wood products 3Veneer sheet Sm ) 109,634 130,370 138,589 128,376 160,871Blockboard (a ) 63,234 62,994 41,382 34,085 26,582Plywood (a

3) 562,307 619 657 530,103 497,033 502,996

Timber moldings (e3) 74,726 76,510 82,422 82,560 81,201Dressed timber (a ) 6,165 5,729 8,258 10,493 6,654

Paper productsCardboard and paperboard boxes 'OOO units) 105,764 140,813 162,821 159,053Corrugated fiberboard and cartons (mt) 51,843 52,771 67,938 66,001

Rubber and rubber productsTires and inner tubes ('000 units) 9,209 9,201 8,187 9,570 10,769Rubber RSS (mt) 59,611 65,835 86,103 67,095 69,750Rubber SMR (mt) 489,990 489,252 559,318 532,366 595,295Processed latex (mt) 181,224 188,639 187,414 199.375 202,827Rubber sheeting (mt) 2,814 3,973 4,861 3,728 5,775Rubber compound (mt. 12,361 11,516 11,266 10,188 10,564Rubber gloves ('000 ,sirs) 138,595 197,785 202,137 255,450 293,955

Petroleum and gas productsKerosene (mt) 158,483 407,152 568,479 446,562 500,239Liquefied petroleum gas (at) 76,259 93,051 138,661 305,803 394,169

Chemical productsPaints ('000 liters) /c 30,153 31,863 35,853 38,397 37,062Soap and soap compounT(mt) /d 49,125 53,704 48,365 58,783Liquid herbicides and insectTwides ('000 liters) 13,881 14,402 12,920 11,661Herbicides (nonliquid) (mt) 3,902 3,319 3,505 3,413 3,935

Plastic productsPlastic bags and sacks (at) 38,173 40,951 41,666 38,206PVC pipes (Mt) 13,405 20,740 14,493 16,995Plastic bottles and household wares (mt) 11,292 13,683 13,774 12,515

Nonmetallic mineral productsCement ('000 mt) 3,123 3,231 3,469 3,128 3,176Earthen bricks ('000 units) 493,337 572,729 660,454 561,125 422,064Cement roofing tiles S'00O units) 61,199 63,655 52,091 27,391 21,474Ready-mix concrete (m ) 372,986 308,830 830,921 792,952 527,419

Basic metal and metal productsIron and eteel bars and rods (mt) 265,471 306,426 543,042 323,387 296,039Galvanized iron sheets (mt) 48,835 52,323 51,010 51,014 50,092Bars and rods for reinforced concrete (mt) 41,465 33,350 35,647 22,981 15,594Iron and steel drums ('000 units) 2,307 2.08A 2,246 2,449 2,497Tin cans & all other tin products ('000 units) 342,119 372,124 404,136 432,767 473,336

Electrical and electronic appliancesIntegrated cii-cuits (million units) 2,120 2,689 3,874 2,561 3,277Semiconductors (million units) 1,622 1,594 2,011 1,468 1,553Electronic transistors (million units) 2,212 2,597 3,831 3,450 3,719Telephone and telegraph cables (at) 25,360 21,125 9,677 22,370 6,046Insulated wires and cables (at) 21 098 22,863 18,209 13,765 11,983Television sets (units) 249,000 382,766 443,025 568,387 862,573Room air conditioners (units) 184,013 207,737 177,578 148,253 336,503Household refrigerators (untts) 192,615 223,572 156,823 148,424 154,321Radios (units) 3,538 5,501 7,821 8,829 10,521

Transport equiptentPassenger care s (units) 83,617 97,768 94,273 70,147 44,100CAmmercial vehicles (unitt) 16,044 20,789 26,740 35,772 16,426Motorcycles (units) 207,611 242,977 177.509 182,189 115,960

/a Includes sports shirts, socks and stockings.I Includes men's and boys' trousers and shirts, woen's and girls' blouses and dresses.7c Includes emulsion, gloss, undercoats and primers.

7; Includes toilet soap, shampoo, hard washing soap and soap powder.

Source: Department of Stattstics, Monthly Industrial Statistics Peninsular Malaysia, December 1985,Table 5.

I4 4 .1 -4 'i i1e,' ' 1 r l^ {a A r 1057

Table 7.4: VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURING SECTOR /a /b

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984

Processing of estate-type agri-cultural products /c n.a. 142.8 n.a. n.a. n.s. n.a. 1,085.5 977.5 ? 825.6 1,300.9Food 364.4 168.7 477.0 634.4 793.31,101.4 601.3 836.5 1,424.0 912.4 960.8Beverages 61.2 47\1 59.6 90.5 107.3 131.7 164.8 305.4 292.0 287.2 284.2Tobacco products 130.4 90.5 113.9 98.7 129.6 147.5 174.6 271.5 312.0 383.4 351.5Textiles 104.2 55.8 106.4 178.9 251.5 346.2 389.9 407.9 371.0 345.7 419.2Footwear & clothes 35.5 25.8 38.6 47.4 51.9 77.1 100.0 231.0 171.0 200.5 243.6Wood products 304.2 177.1 279.8 246.1 347.3 514.3 668.5 870.7 886.0 770.7 709.3Furniture and fixtures 19.3 10.4 19.8 24.3 23.1 36.7 45.6 100.9 90.0 75.0 80.5Printing, publishing , etc. 114.6 96.1 142.2 126.8 133.6 206.8 241.0 413.7 431.0 434.1 535.1Paper and paper products 18.0 12.8 27.0 32.2 27.4 46.6 63.7 93.9 101.0 112.5 125.1Leather & leather products 222.5 2.0 2.9 1.8 2.1 4.6 4.8 7.4 7.0 7.1 7.1Rubber products 222.5 72.2 352.3 332.0 432.9 526.4 284.1 377.3 618.0 470.8 405.9Chemical and chemical products 175.1 145.0 187.6 194.4 228.5 302.1 538.1 461.6 523.0 1,181.6 1,788.0Products of petroleum and coal 51.9 46.7 50.3 86.7 126.5 17b.4 243.5 544.7 230.0 269.7 249.2Nonmetallic mineral products 104.2 117.4 122.0 107.6 115.5 208.6 334.7 487.4 598.0 583.7 743.0Basic metal industries 85.9 50.4 97.5 97.0 102.4 166.4 170.9 313.0 326.0 439.0 411.9Metal products 114.4 65.9 126.1 111.6 126.8 199.2 255.3 388.0 352.0 409.4 357.3Machinery (excluding electrical) 87.2 43.6 114.4 94.3 76.1 153.9 209.1 329.9 293.0 308.9 314.3Electrical machinery 188.5 72.4 259.1 334.0 424.5 572.2 892.9 1,235.3 1,420.0 1,614.4 2,021.4Transport equipment 62.2 40.7 88.4 90.3 107.8 160.7 239.3 441.0 420.0 502.1 569.4Misc. manufacturing industries 80.1 41.5 94.1 94.7 126.8 223.5 34.6 395.2 381.0 452.8 423.6

/aValue added is derived as follows: (value of production) - (cost of materials consumed) +/- (stock changes).T7Census data for 1972 and 1973, these census reports do not cover: tailoring and dress-uaking, repair of motorvehicles, bicycle repair shops, goldsmiths, abbatoirs and tin smelting. Annual survey data for 1974-82; 1977 surveydata not available. Survey data for 1974-78 relates to over 90% of value added covered by the 1973 census report./cHave been distributed to food and rubber products from 1973 census and subsequent surveys up to 1978.

Source: Bank Negara, Quarterly Economic Bulletin, March/June 1985 and 1987/88, Table VI.4.

Table 7.5: CAPITAL ACCOUNT(M$ million)

Foreign liablllty (A) Domestic liabi.Lity (B) Total liability (C) Shareholders' fund (D)1979 1982 1- 1979 1982 1985 T1979 1982 1985 1979 1982 1985

Rubber 107.8 12.6 1.0 374.3 394.0 512.9 482.1 406.7 513.9 1,168.9 1,952.6 2,446.9Other agricult"re 146.0 60.2 53 !.337.8 3,162.4 3,603.3 1,483.8 3,222.6 3,657.1 2,620.5 5,236.7 8,678.1Tin miring 16.9 13.7 141.8 522.0 394.0 762.1 538.8 407.7 903.9 410.1 483.2 832.5Other mining 983.3 1,801.4 2,496.3 2,895.2 5,155.0 9,932.0 3,878.5 6,956.4 12,428.4 4,692.5 9,783.5 14,275.3Manufactuziug 1,676.0 1,931.2 7,'R0.5 5,667.2 9,451.1 14,737.8 7,343.2 11,382.2 21,918.3 5,248.9 9,837.2 16,981.3Construction 75.4 219.6 305.1 467.6 1,661.8 4,368.2 543.0 1,881.4 4,673.4 99.1 416.2 704.3Wholesale 723.5 987.2 1,587.0 4,375.3 6,900.7 9,228.1 5,098.7 7,887.9 10,815.1 1,518.4 2,505.1 3,234.0Retail 40.2 99.9 84.5 788.7 1,561.2 1,929.5 829.0 1,661.1 2,014.1 472.0 763.6 935.3Banks & fin. inst. 3,188.5 8,053.1 8,667.4 30,689.7 70,360.5 110,163.2 33,878.2 78,413.6 118,830.6 3,014.1 13,015.3 19,717.6Other industries 1,874.4 3,482.3 4,007.2 3,675.3 8,544.7 12,827.8 5,550.0 12,027.0 16,835.0 1,640.0 5,438.1 8,291.2

Total 8,832.0 16.661.2 24,524.7 50,793.1 107.585.4 168,064.9 59,625.3 124.246.6 192,589.8 20.884.5 49,431.5 76,096.6

A/B A/C B/C C/D1979 1982 .985 1979 1982 1985 1979 1982 1985 1979 1982 1985

Rubber 0.29 0.03 0.05 0.22 0.03 0.00 0.78 0.97 1.00 0.41 0.21 0.21Other agriculture 0.11 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.90 0.98 0.99 0.57 0.62 0.42Tin mining 0.03 0.03 0.19 0.03 0.03 0.16 0.97 0.97 0.84 1.31 0.84 1.09Other mining 0.34 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.20 0.75 0.74 0.80 0.83 0.71 0.87Manufocturing 0.30 0.20 0.49 0.23 0.17 0.33 0.77 0.83 0.67 1.40 1.16 1.29Construction 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.14 0.12 0.07 0.86 0.88 0.93 5.48 4.52 6.64Wholesale 0.17 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.86 0.87 0.85 3.36 3.15 3.34Retail 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.95 0.94 0.96 1.76 2.18 2.15Banks & fin. inst. 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.91 0.90 0.93 11.24 6.02 6.03Other Industries 0.51 0.41 0.31 0.34 0.29 0.24 0.66 0.71 0.76 3.38 2.21 2.03

Total 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.85 0.87 0.87 2.86 2.51 2.53

Source: Financial Survey, DOS, various issues.

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Table 7.6: FINANCING INVESTMENT(N$ million)

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984. 1985 1986

Total investment (A) 16,599 20,759 22,745 24,534 25,391 23,124 18,865

Private investment (B) 10,394 11,466 11,367 12,013 13,345 10,866 7,640

Net Increase of loans 7,816 7,161 6,355 10,733 12,255 9,963 5,974by banking system (C) (63.28) (47.10) (39.01) (53.71) (54.54) (59.36) (50.35)

Net issues of domestic 2,502 4,227 6,066 5,099 6,355 4,143 4,386securities (D) (20.26) (27.80) (37.24) (25.51) (28.29) (24.69) (36.97)

Government share (DI) 2,345 3,326 5,413 3,699 3,872 3,511 4,197(18.98) (21.88) (33.23) (18.51) (17.23) (20.92) (35.38)

Corporate share (D2) 157 900 653 1,399 2,383 632 189(1.27) (5.92) (4.01) (7.00) (10.61) (3.77) (1.59)

New equity issues (E) n.a. 901 603 1,225 1,987 951 136n.a. (5.93) (3.72) (6.14) (8.84) (5.66) (1.15)

Direct foreign invest- 2,034 2,914 3,263 2,926 1,869 1,925 1,368ment (F) (16.47) (19.19) (20.03) (14.64) (8.32) (10.28) (11.53)

Total finance (G) -(C+D4E+F) 12,352 15,203 16,287 19,983 22,466 16,782 11,864

(G)/(A) (74.41) (73.24) (71.61) (81.45) (88.48) (72.59) (62.89)

Note: Figures in parentheses are the share in total amount of finance (G).

Sources: DOS; Quarterly Economic Bulletin, BNM; and Emerging Markets Data Base, IFC.

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Table 7.7: INVESTMENT IN FIXED ASSETS BY INDUSTRY /a(M$'O0O)

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Rubber 103,602 59,971 80,224 265,099 298,024 132,849 92,258

Share, X 2.50 1.40 1.33 3.91 5.15 1.82 1.31

Growth rate, X - -42.11 33.77 230.45 12.42 -55.42 -30.55

Other agriculture 278.643 366,331 320,326 790,451 ,?6,499 379,162 668,061

Share, 1 6.73 8.53 5.30 11.65 5.65 5.20 9.46

Growth rate, X - 31.47 -12.56 146.76 -58.69 16.13 76.19

Tin mining 44,626 70,514 57,543 55,766 70,566 117,529 28,563

Share, Z 1.08 1.64 0.95 0.82 1.22 1.61 0.40

Growth rate, Z - 58.01 -18.39 -3.09 26.54 66.55 -75.70

Other mining 1,044,458 867,387 1,762,495 2,072,657 1,298,552 1,765,695 1,096,892

Share, Z 25.22 20.19 29.13 30.55 22.46 24.19 15.54

Growth rate, 2 - -16.95 103.20 17.60 -37.35 35.97 -37*88

Manufacturing 970,880 1,406,854 1,519,428 1,556,899 1,930,015 2,503,441 2,490,463

Share, 2 23.45 32.75 25.12 22.95 33.38 34.30 35.28

Growth rate, X - 44.91 8.00 2.47 23.97 29.71 -0.52

Construction 62,033 104,176 137,586 129,811 157,151 145,076 172,248

Share, X 1.50 2.42 2.27 1.91 2.72 1.99 2.44

Growth rate, 2 - 67.94 32.07 -5.65 21.06 -7.68 18.73

Wholesale trade 250,836 279,864 370,893 407,907 477,557 525,341 1,033,009

Share, 2 6.06 6.51 6.13 6.01 8.26 7.20 14.63

Growth rate,% - 11.57 32.53 9.98 17.07 10.01 96.64

Retail trade 46,734 64,023 58,686 73,212 104,631 104,748 97,529

Share, 2 1.13 1.49 0.97 1.08 1.81 1.44 1.38

Growth rate, X - 36.99 -8.34 24.75 42.92 0.11 -6.89

Banks & financial 128,315 200,250 370,103 257,010 461,462 499,674 495,823

Share, 2 3.10 4.66 6.12 3.79 7.98 6.85 7.02

Growth rate, 2 - 56.06 84.82 -30.56 79.55 8.28 -0.77

Other 1,210,799 876,837 1,372,275 1,175,420 657,744 1,124,692 885,228

Share, 2 29.2 20.4 22.7 17.3 11.4 15.4 12.5

Growth rate, 2 - -30.2 11.1 -23.6 -34.3 35.5 -18.7

Total 4.140,926 4,296,207 6.049.559 6.784,232 5.782.201 7.298.207 7.060,074

Share, X 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Growth rate, 2 - ____ 40.81 12.14 -14.77 26.22 -3.26

/a Firms who reported to DOS's Financial Survey are those whose annual revenues are more than M$5 million.

Source: Financial Survey of Firms, various issues, DOS.

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Table 7.8: CAPITAL EXPENDITURE BY INDUSTRY(M$ 000)

1978 1979 1983 1985 Annual growth rate(1978-85)

Manufacturing 712,273 1,040,722 1,783,442 2,110,097 16.78

Construction 74,437 130,589 288,790 212,999 16.21

Stone quarrying 19,749 18,531 27,107 25,573 3.76

Rubber 38,416 61,202 58,521 47,692 3.14

Oil palm /a - 96,420 77,150 75,721 -3.95/b

Cocoa /a - 403 128 1,104 18.29/b

/a 1980 figure.

/b 1979-85.

Note: Figures exclude expenditure on used equipment and on land purchases.

Sources: Survey of Manufacturing Census, DOS (1978, 1979, 1983, 1985); Surveyof Construction Census, DOS (1978, 1979, 1983, 1985); Census ofStone Quarrying, DOS (1978, 1979, 1983, 1985); and Census of RubberEstates, DOS.

Table 7.9: BREAKDOWN OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT(M$ million in constant 1978 prices)

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987/a

.1 and gas investment 435 1,315 2,508 2,939 3,624 2,992 3,190 2,233 1,219 1,884

Growth rate, Z - 202.30 90.72 17.19 23.31 -17.44 6.62 -30.00 -45.41 54.55

n-oil and gas investment 5,527 6,800 7,886 8,527 7,743 9,021 10,155 8,633 6,421 6,002

Growth rate, % - 23.03 15.97 8.13 -9.19 16.51 12.57 -14.99 -25.62 -6.53

Total 5,962 8,115 10,394 11,466 11,367 12,013 13,345 10,866 7,640 7,886

Growth rate, % - 36.11 28.08 10.31 -0.86 5.68 11.09 -18.58 -29.69 3.22

)tal (constant) 5,162 7,400 8,725 9,806 8,879 9,397 10,386 8,406 5,913 5,984

Growth rate, Z - 43.36 17.91 12.39 -9.45 5.83 10.52 -19.06 -29.66 1.20

a Estimate

-urce: Treasury Department.

Table 8.1: YIRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES('000 Mt) /a

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 :l,i 1982 1983 1C84 1985 1986 1987

ubber /c 1,459.3 1,612.5 1,588.1 1,582.5 1,570.1 1,530.0 1,510.2 1,494.2 1,563.7 1,530.6 1,469.5 1,539.0 1,581.0

aw logs (i3 ) 19,162.7 26,643.2 26,510.1 28,683.2 28,708.6 27,916.3 30,653.5 32,824.4 32,783.8 31,088.9 30,957.1 29,868.8 35,614.0

awn timber (W3) 3,852.4 5,131.3 5,655.2 5,905.2 5,953.9 6,237.1 5,489.3 6,241.4 7,138.6 5,844.5 5,440.6 5,090.0 6,016.0

.rude palm oil 1,257.3 1,389.7 1,612.7 1,785.5 2,188.4 2,575.9 2,824.5 3,514.2 3,018.3 3,715.7 4,133.4 4,543.8 4,533.0

elm kernels 256.0 280.6 334.8 367.5 475.0 557.0 589.7 911.1 836.8 1,046.4 1,213.0 1,337.0

elm kernel oil /b n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 222.3 243.4 337.0 372.1 415.2 501.9

-conut oil 78.9 77.4 70.2 57.4 67.3 65.2 66.3 70.4 70.5 59.0 48.8 40.0

pra /d n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 787.5 255.0 257.0 264.1 265.1 250.0

ce /e 1,289.4 1,286.0 1,237.6 979.1 1,350.5 1,318.3 1,302.9 1,213.3 1,129.6 1,017.1 1,265.0 1,121.0

di /f n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,040.2 2,016.2 1,878.7 1,774.3 1,711.8 1,931.2

coa /b n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 38.5 45.2 66.2 69.0 88.0 108.0 131.7 185.0

pperA/ n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 31.6 7R, 25.3 24.5 15.0 19.0

neapple /b n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 185.3 153.6 153.0 148.2 144.3 147.0

sheries /b n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 743.7 766.6 693.6 742.1 670.2 697.1

vestock /bBeef n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17.2 16.8 17.3 16.7 17.4 19.1Mutton n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8Poultry n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 125.6 127.1 129.4 138.6 151.8 154.4Eggs (million) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. u.a. 2,534.7 2,592.2 2,690.1 2,783.5 3,240.5 3,460.9Pork n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 135.9 144.4 143.0 141.5 154.6 158.8Milk ('000 liters) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8,254.0 15,305.0 16,951.0 19,965.0 25,935.0 28,925.0

Except where indicated.Source was Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-90, Table 10.1.Production for Sabah and Sarawak estimated from exports.Refers to estate production in Peninsular Malaysia.Based on a conversion rate of 65% from padi to milled rice. Production data on padi refer to the crop year, e.g., the figure for 1975 refers tothe crop year 1974/75, harvesting of the main crop normally takes place from November to March.

irce: Bank Negara, Quarterly Economic Bulletin, Table VI.2, except where indicated by footnote tb.

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Table 8.2: CROP AREAS('000 ha)

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Rubber 2,004.7 2,006.1 2,005.8 1,971.3 1,971.6 1,959.0

Oil palm 1,023.3 1,117.9 1,182.8 1,253.0 1,349.2 1,464.9

Cocoa 123.8 158.8 193.5 215.1 242.9 258.0

Padi 735.2 767.6 758.4 764.2 769.8 755.2

Coconut 349.4 318.0 319.0 324.0 298.0 274.0

Pepper 12.7 13.4 12.8 11.4 10.6 10.0

Pineapple 12.2 11.6 10.6 11.1 10.6 10.3

Vegetables /a 12.8 12.5 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.1

Orchards /b 93.0 87.8 89.0 90.0 92.0 94.0

Tobacco 12.5 14.3 9.6 9.4 9.3 9.2

/a Refers to Peninsular Malaysia only and includes leafy, fruit and rootvegetables.

/b Includes fruit trees, bananas and watermelon, but excludes pineapple.

Source: Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-90, Table 10.2.

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Table 8.3: VALUE ADDED BY AGRICULTURAL SUBSECTOR(M$ million, constant 1970 prices)

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981

Rubber 1,690 i,456 1,608 1,579 1,572 1,567 1,551 1,532

Palm oil 591 773 850 945 1,056 1,296 1,521 1,670

Forestry & logging 844 792 1,053 1,071 1,133 1,167 1,094 1,149

Coconut 97 102 99 94 88 98 89 94

Tea 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Fisheries 444 410 368 412 588 608 554 652

Livestock 370 364 438 382 400 424 459 476

Miscellaneous /a 912 901 884 934 768 925 906 937

Total 4,954 4,804 5,306 5,423 5,611 6,091 6,180 6.516

/a Value added by smallholdings, i.e., paddy, pepper, cocoa, fruits and vege-tables.

Source: EPU.

Table 8.4: VALUE ADDED BY AGRICULTURAL SUBSECTOR(M$ million, constant 1978 prices)

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

ibber 2,456.4 2,439.9 2,382.1 2,353.8 2,369.8 2,444.6 2,394.0 2,279.4 2,394.0 2,458.0

1m oil 1,549.6 1,897.5 2,222.1 2,436.5 3,039.3 2,627.1 3,243.0 3,604.1 3,940.0 3,925.0O

restry 6 logging 2,099.5 2,069.8 1,966.4 2,127.4 2,262.3 2,436.1 2,139.0 2,103.6 2,025.0 2,479.0

conut 194.7 201.9 195.5 202.7 202.3 197.1 n.a. 224.0 200.0 215.0

a 22.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 21.0 22.0 n.a. 24.3 29.0 31.0

sheries 1,443.9 1,434.0 1,395.0 1,444.5 1,379.9 1,456.0 1,430.0 1,317.0 1,263.0 1,368.0 0

vestock 317.7 312.5 342.7 355.1 355.2 371.4 395.0 450.5 479.0 501.0

coa 110.8 142.8 178.1 234.7 320.4 349.9 441.0 558.3 690.0 1,014.0

ricultural services 37.4 39.7 43.0 44.9 50.3 47.2 n.a. 54.1 57.8 62.0

.scellaneous Ia 1,281.8 1,501.6 1,443.9 1,463.9 1,375.0 1,350.9 n.a. 1,298.7 1,311.2 1,270.0

Total 9,513.8 10,059.7 10,189.8 10,685.2 11,375.5 11,302.3 11,626.0 11.913.0 12,389.0 13,323.0

Value added by smallholdtngs, i.e., paddy, pepper, cocoa, fruits and vegetables.

urce: EPU.

Table 8.5s PRODUCTION OF MAJOR MINERALS

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

('000 at)n-in-concentrates ('000 mt) 64.4 63.4 58.7 62.7 63.0 61.4 59.9 52.3 41.4 41.3 36.9 29.1n metal ('000 mt) 83.1 77.3 66.3 72.0 73.1 71.3 69.2 62.8 53.3 44.4 45.5 43.8

e oil ('000 bbl) 35,771.0 60,547.0 66,983.6 79,171.0 103,296.0 100,912.4 94,209.6 110,632.4 139,859.0 163,540.3 162,928.1 183,484.2(bbl per day) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 275.8 258.3 303.3 383.2 446.8 446.4 502.7

ifted natural gae (mt) - - - - - - - - 1,830.0 3,700.0 4,500.0

ite ('000 mt) 703.5 660.2 616.2 615.1 386.5 920.3 700.9 589.0 501.8 680.4 492.0 566.2

ore ('000 at) 348.2 308.2 329.9 320.0 350.5 371.1 532.4 340.3 113.7 193.8 181.7 208.0

er ('000 mt) /a 21.2 77.6 100.0 112.5 104.2 114.1 120.4 128.8 123.4 122.8 127.9 115.3

Production commenced in October 1975.

ce: Bank Negara, Quarterly Economic Bulletin, December 1985, for 1975-84; source for 1985 figures, crude oil (bbl per day) and LNG ts Fifth Malaysia Plan1986-96, Table 15.1.

Table 9.1: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: INCIDENCE OF POVERTY /a

1970 1975 1980 19R4Total Total Inci- Total Total Inci- Total Total Inci- Total Total Inci-house- poor dence house- poor dence house- poor dence house- poor denceholds house- of holds house- of holds house- of holds houtse- of

holds poverty holds poverty holds poverty holds poverty--- ('000) --- (X) --- ('000) --- (Z) --- ('000) ---- (7) --- ('000) ---- (.)

al 1,203.4 705.9 58.7 1,348.4 729.9 58.7 1,449.2 542.1 37.4 1,629.4 402.0 24.7

griculture 852.9 582.4 68.3 915.1 576.5 63.0 924.5 422.5 45.7 865.8 325.5 37.6Rubber smaliholders 350.0 226.4 64.7 396.3 233.8 59.0 409.0 168.9 41.3 155.2 67.3 43.4Oil palm smallholders /b 6.6 2.0 30.3 9.9 0.9 9.1 23.6 1.8 7.7 n.a n.a. n.a.Coconut smallholders 32.0 i6.9 52.8 34.4 17.5 50.9 145.0 76.4 52.7 14.2 6.6 46.5Padi farmers 140.0 123.4 88.1 148.5 114.3 77.0 165.0 106.1 52.7 116.6 67.3 S7.7Fishermen 38.4 28.1 73.2 41.6 26.2 63.0 41.1 1R.6 45.3 34.3 9.5 27.7Estate workers /c 148.4 59.4 40.0 127.0 59.7 47.0 108.0 37.9 35.1 81.3 16.0 19.7Other agriculture Id 137.5 126.2 91.8 157.4 124.1 78.8 165.0 106.1 64.2 464.2 158.8 34.2

)ther industries /e 350.5 123.5 35.2 433.3 153.4 35.4 524.7 119.6 22.8 763.6 76.5 1n.n

an 402.6 85.9 21.3 553.0 105.2 19.0 743.5 93.8 12.6 991.7 81.3 8.2

.griculture - - - - - - - - - 37.5 8.9 23.7lining 5.4 1.8 33.3 5.3 2.0 37.7 5.2 1.7 33.0 7.8 0.3 3.8ianufacturing 84.0 19.7 23.5 120.4 21.0 17.4 175.0 23.5 13.4 132.3 11.3 8.5:onstruction 19.5 5.9 30.2 25.5 6.1 23.9 32.6 5.7 17.4 86.6 5.3 6.1-ransport and utilities 42.4 13.1 30.9 64.4 13.8 21.4 81.6 15.7 19.2 73.9 2.7 3.7rade and services 251.3 45.4 18.1 337.4 62.3 18.5 449.1 47.2 10.5 472.7 21.9 4.6.ctivities not adequatelydefined - - - - - - - - - 180.9 30.9 17.1

Total 1,606.0 791.8 49.3 1.901.4 835.1 43.9 2,192.7 635.9 29.0 2,621.1 483.3 18.4

The incidence of poverty for 1970 was based on the per capita poverty line income, for the other years it was based on the gross povertyline incomes.Oil palm smaliholders are included in Other Agriculture in 1984.Statistics on estate workers for 1970 were derived from indirect sources and, therefore, are not comparable with 1984.Includes other agricultural workers such as pepper smaliholders, pineapple ,tobacco, livestock and poultry farmers (and oil palm smallhold-ers in 1984).Includes households engaged in mining, manufacturing, construction, transport and utilities, and trade and services sectors.

arces: Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-90, Table 3.1; Fourth Malaysia Plan 1981-85, Table 3.2; Mid-Term Review of the Fourth Malaysia Plan, Table3.2. (Original sources were Department of Statistics, Post Enumeration Survey of the Population Census, 1970, Agricultural Census,1977, and Household Income Survey, 1984.)

Table 9.2: MALAYSIA: OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF THE CORPORATE SECTOR /a(M$ million)

1971 X 1975 x 1980 x 1983 % 1985

Malaysian residents 2,512.8 38.3 7,047.2 46.7 18,493.4 57.0 33,010.5 66.4 56,701.5 74.5Bumipucera individuals and trust agencies 279.6 4.3 1,394.0 9.2 4,050.5 12.5 9,274.6 18.7 13,546.9 17.8Bumiputera individuals /b 168.7 2.6 549.8 3.6 1,880.1 5.8 3,762.2 7.6 7,679.2 10.1

Bumiputera trust agencies /c 110.9 1.7 844.2 5.6 2,170.4 6.7 5,512.4 11.1 5,867.7 7.7Other Malaysian residents /d 2,233.2 34.0 5,653.2 37.5 14,442.9 44.5 23,735.9 47.8 43,154.6 56.7

Foreign residents 4,051.3 61.7 8,037.2 53.3 13,927.0 43.0 16,697.6 33.6 19,410.5 25.5Share in Malaysian companies 2,159.3 32.9 4,722.8 31.3 7,791.2 24.0 9,054.3 18.2 11,255.9 14.8Net assets of local branches /e 1,892.0 28.8 3,314.4 22.0 6,135.8 18.9 7,643.3 15.4 8,154.6 20.7

Total /f 6,564.1 100.0 15,084.4 100.0 32,420.4 100.0 49,708.1 100.0 76,112.0 100.0

/a The classification of ownership of share capital (at par value) as adopted by the Ownership Survey of Limited Companies was based on theresidential address of the shareholders and not by citizenship. Residents are persons, companies, or institutions that live in or are loca-ted in Malaysia. The definition, therefore, also includes foreign citizens residing in Malayisa./b Includes institutions channeling funds of individual Bumiputera such as the Muslim Pilgrim Saving and Management Authority (LUTH), MARA UnitTrust Scheme, cooperatives, and ASN Scheme./c Shares held through institutions classified as trust agencies such as The National Equity Corporation (PNB), National Corporation (PERNAS),The Council of Trust for Indigenous People (MARA), State Economic Development Corporations (SFDCs), Development Bank of Malaysia (BPMB),Urban Development Authority (UDA), Bank Bumiputera Malaysia Berhad, Kompleks Kewangan Malaysia Berhad (KKMB), and Food Industries ofMalaysia (FIMA). It also includes the amount of equity owned by Government through other agencies and companies which have been identifiedunder the Transfer Scheme of Government Equity to Bumiputera.Id Includes shares held by nominees and locally controlled companies.if Refers to the difference between the total assets in Malaysia and total liabilities in Malaysia of the companies incorporated abroad.7 Excludes Government holdings other than through trust agencies.

ources: Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-90, Table 3.8 (for 1985); Fourth Malaysia Plan, Table 3.14; Mid-Term Review of Fourth Malaysia Plan, Table3-12. (Original sources were Department of Statistics, The Ownership Survey of Limited Companies, 1971-82, records from the Registrarof Companies, 1983-85, and data from various trust agencies.)