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•Theories of Learning and Early Literacy

Defining Learning and Literacy

Learning= the activity or process of gaining

knowledge or skill by studying, practicing, being taught, or experiencing something

Literacy=the ability to read and write

Definition of Emergent Literacy

Marie Clay

• was the first one who used the term emergent literacy.

• A child acquires some knowledge about language, reading and writing even before attending any formal education.

Teale

• The early signs of reading and writing demonstrated by young children, even before they begin to take formal instruction to reading and writing, and such early signs and ways recognized by most adults.

Sulzby• Literacy as the reading and writing

behaviors of young children that precede and develop into conventional literacy.

Mediation can be consciously employed by the parents as they prepare their child for formal schooling.

A literary-rich environment can provide more literacy information to the child.

Emergent Literacy• refers to competencies and literacy skills

in early childhood.• Children are always in the process of

becoming literate, probably, since they are just few months old.

Group Work!

Group 1: Construct your own concept definition for emergent literacy:

Group 2, 3 & 5: Demonstrate or Perform one of the three theories

2- Clay3- Teale5- Sulzby

Transitions on the Perspectives of Emergent Literacy

1. Basic Literacy- reading and writing of young learners to construct meaning for themselves.

2. Socio-cultural Literacy- importance of social interaction of children to construct cultural.

3. Functional Literacy- the use of technology for instruction and literacy and the young learners' use of technology to produce meaning.

Learning Theories Supporting Early Literacy Development

Theorist Emphasis Strategies Activities Skills

Rousseau(1962)

Child's Learning unfolds

naturally; learning though

curiosity.

Child's Readiness to Learn; Little

Adult Intervention

Allowing children to

grow and learn with the

freedom to be themselves

Naturally development

of skills, individual ways

of learning, curiosity

Montessori(1965)

Children need early, orderly,

systematic training in

mastering one skill after

another auto-education.

Specific concepts meeting specific

objectives; designing

activities and experiences for

learning

Allowing students to use

manipulative toys; working

carefully designed and

specific materials for specific skills

Self concept, self correction, interdependent learning and

mastery of one skill after another.


Dewey (1966)

Child-centered; is built; is built around the

interest of the child; child learns best through play because of social

interaction

Allowing time for play and learning;

providing a relaxed

atmosphere; informal

activities for learning

Manipulative toys, arts, music,

story reading, free and outdoor play, snack, rest,

circle time, informal reading

and writing.

Social skills, emotional and

physical development,

informal reading and writing.

Piaget(1969)

Acquiring knowledge by

interacting with the world ; active

participants in their own learning

Providing real life setting and materials;

opporutunity to play, explore an experiment and

to use their curiousity to help

themselves

Natural problem solving

situations, playing,

exploring, and experimenting

and cooperating teachers and

peers in planning evaluating learning.

Active construction of

his learning problem- solving;

playing, exploration

experimentation and curiosity and

spontaneity decision-making-social interaction.


Froebel(1974)

Emphasis on the fullest benefits

of playing to learn; requires adult guidance and direction and a planned environment

Providing manipulative materials to

learn concepts, aloowing "circle

time" which is an opportunity to

sing and to learn new ideas thru

discussion

Teacher-facilitated

activities, guided play,

manipulative for learning certain

concepts and providing

opportunity for circle time

singing.

Psychomotor skills, shapes,

colors and size recognition, guided play,

singing, obedience and

discipline.

Pestalozzi(1979)

Natural learning with informal

institution, natural potential

of a child develops

through senses.

Providing informal

instruction, manipulative

experiences and learning about them through

the use of senses.

Informal activities that

eventually lead to learning,

manipulating objects and

learning about them through

touch and smell

Shapes, color and size

recognition, language skills


Vygotsky(1961)

Learning takes place when

child interacts with peers and

adults in a social setting as they act upon

the environment; Children learn

by internalizing activities

conducted in the world

around them.

Providing meaningful and

interactive activities that

allow a child to internalize, exposing a

child to actively interact with

others, engaging in

functional and interesting

learning experience

Story reading, story retelling, direct listening-

thinking activities,

shared book experiences,

dialogues, conversations, social functions of reading and

writing activities,

communicative functions of

language

Communication skills, reading

and writing skills, oral

language skills, social skills

internalization of skills

A B

1. Vygotsky2. Dewey3. Montessori4. Piaget5. Rosseu6. Pestalozzi7. Froebel

a. Psychomotor skills, shapes, colors and size recognition, guided play, singing, obedience and discipline.

b. Communication skills, reading and writing skills, oral language skills, social skills internalization of skills.

c. Active construction of his learning problem- solving.

d. Social skills, emotional and physical development, informal reading and writing.

e. Naturally development of skills, individual ways of learning, curiosity.

f. Shapes, color and size recognition, language skills.

g. Self concept, self correction, interdependent learning and mastery of one skill after another.

The Constructivist Model

In constructivist model, skills are taught at the point when they are likely to be useful to kids as part of an authentic literacy task.

Literacy of the 20th century has paved the way to new literacy studies which would gradually lead to redefining literacy

Constructivist Model as conceived by the three authorities

Vygotsky (1978)

That Knowledge is socially constructed by interacting with others in a vary experience.

Dewey

Teaching and learning as a conscious process of reconstruction of experience. He develop a strict criterion for determining educative experience which must lead to positive growth.

AuLearning is basically a social process that takes place through the interaction between children and others in their environment.

Vygotsky

Theories on Reading Acquisition

Durkin stated that the model applied to each child to speak a primary or secondary language has an impact on the type of reading and writing instruction provided on school.

BALANCE LITERACY

PHONICSSKILLS

MEANING

A child must possess both aural skills and oral vocabulary to read successfully.

A child is viewed as an active constructor of his own reading as he employs his reading skills and strategies which allow him to comprehend the text.

"Child's language learning begins in the pre-speech communication between parents and infants.

Theories on Early Writing Development

The movement from playing with drawing and writing to communicating through written messages is a continuum that reflects the basic theories of emergent literacy.

• Children develop their writing naturally through play as they make markings on papers, on walls or evrywhere, through social interaction as they join in social writing activities of adults like writing notes, writing messages on greeting cards and writing letters to family members.

• Children do a lot of hypothesis- testing, experimenting, inventing to construct what they want to mean through writing.

"Children's literacy development begins with the continual process of learning to communicate which involves nonverbal, verbal, symbolic play and drawing."

"Children Naturally Develop their writing through their self-initiated practice."

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